WO1982004347A1 - Procede et dispositif pour la decontamination de corps solides - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif pour la decontamination de corps solides Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1982004347A1
WO1982004347A1 PCT/EP1982/000103 EP8200103W WO8204347A1 WO 1982004347 A1 WO1982004347 A1 WO 1982004347A1 EP 8200103 W EP8200103 W EP 8200103W WO 8204347 A1 WO8204347 A1 WO 8204347A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
discharge vessel
vessel
field
discharge
electric field
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1982/000103
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Institut E V Battelle
Friedrich Dolezalek
Friedrich Doletalek
Original Assignee
Selders Matthias
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Selders Matthias filed Critical Selders Matthias
Publication of WO1982004347A1 publication Critical patent/WO1982004347A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/001—Decontamination of contaminated objects, apparatus, clothes, food; Preventing contamination thereof
    • G21F9/002—Decontamination of the surface of objects with chemical or electrochemical processes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the decontamination of solids with toxic, in particular radioactive substances bound or adhering to the surface, and devices for carrying out this process.
  • the predominantly used mechanical methods include wiping with textiles, treatment by spraying with a cleaning solution, e.g. 25 High pressure water jet of 200 bar, or a steam jet, sandblasting and the like.
  • a cleaning solution e.g. 25 High pressure water jet of 200 bar, or a steam jet, sandblasting and the like.
  • the contaminated surface is removed by means of electrolysis, in which the toxic substances adhering or firmly anchored in the pores of the surface are removed.
  • Decontamination can also be carried out by alternating acidic and alkaline alternating baths. However, the toxic or radioactive particles are after decontamination
  • OMPI Form in low concentration in large volumes of textile materials such as filter materials or cleaning cloths as well as liquids.
  • the present invention has for its object to develop a method in which, while avoiding the above. Disadvantages that decontamination can be carried out economically with little expenditure of time and space and the toxic particles detached from the surface can be easily eliminated. It should not be necessary to process the funds used. The process should enable and facilitate the decontamination of fuel rods containing plutonium, especially in nuclear technology.
  • the material to be decontaminated is subjected to a glow discharge in a chamber at a pressure of 10 to 10 mbar, preferably 0.01 to 1 mbar, and at a temperature of 15 to 800 ° C., preferably at 25 to 100 ° C. .
  • the products formed in the process such as high-energy ions, electrons and chemically aggressive molecular species, are effective
  • glow discharge can be either inert gases such as argon, Heli Neon ⁇ nitrogen be used, wherein the ablation via the mechanical action of the impinging ions takes place, or received gen with the substances to be removed Verbindun ⁇ reac tive gases, which in the in the glow discharge conditions in the vessel are volatile.
  • Suitable reactive gases that produce volatile products are, for. B.
  • OM? ⁇ partners also consider oxygen and water vapor.
  • argon is preferably used in a mixture with the fluorine-containing gases mentioned.
  • the glow discharge is generated by applying an electrical alternating and / or constant field.
  • the solid to be decontaminated should at the same time have a negative potential.
  • a further modification of the method according to the invention is that a constant magnetic field is applied in addition to the alternating and / or constant field.
  • the direction of the magnetic field should be like this. be selected so that the electrons formed during the glow discharge experience a maximum Lorentz force and are deflected to the surface of the material to be decontaminated.
  • the devices that generate the electric field can be passed over the solid or the electric field is held stationary while the solid is being transported through the field.
  • the advantages achieved by the invention are to be seen essentially in the fact that the etching attack by excited gas particles takes place not only on the exposed outer surfaces of the decontaminated material, but also on all surfaces exposed to the gas. Furthermore, it is a dry physical process, the waste products of which fall in concentrated form in a cold trap or a pump oil a. If the reaction vessel is made of plastic or
  • Figure 1 shows a device in which a glow discharge can be generated with the help of an induction coil
  • FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment in which the glow discharge takes place by means of a few plate electrodes attached within the chamber
  • Figure 3 shows a possibility for the simultaneous creation of a
  • Figure 4 shows a possible embodiment for the decontamination of electrically conductive, elongated solids
  • FIG. 5 shows an arrangement for decontamination, in which the solids are exposed to the products of a gas discharge.
  • the material 1 to be decontaminated is placed in a cylindrical chamber 2 made of a non-conductive material, e.g. Glass, brought over the Einlas ⁇
  • the goods 1 to be decontaminated are brought into the vessel through an opening (not shown here) which is sealed after introduction and during the glow discharge.
  • an induction coil 4 With the help of an induction coil 4, a high-frequency field of approximately 1 MHz or higher is now applied and the glow discharge is maintained for a period of 30 seconds to 10 hours.
  • the reaction products can then be collected on the veg to the vacuum pump 5 with a cold trap, not shown here, or by means of an absorbent.
  • contaminated solids with an elongated geometry such as 4 to 5 m long fuel rods with a diameter of approx. 1 cm
  • the reaction vessel 2 consists of a material which is insulated or electrically non-conductive on the surface, preferably of plastic.
  • the attachment of the gas inlets 3 or the pump 5 corresponds to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1.
  • the material 1 to be decontaminated is located between the two plate-shaped electrodes 6 and 7 which are arranged in the chamber 2.
  • the entry points 8 of the supply lines into the chamber are isolated accordingly.
  • a glow discharge can be initiated and maintained at negative pressure with a frequency of 50 Hz to approx. 3 GHz.
  • the plate electrodes can also be opened outside the chamber at frequencies of more than 1 MHz
  • the electrodes can also be cylindrical or rod-shaped. Also in this embodiment, in particular in the case of electrodes attached to the outside, a device can be provided which allows the electrodes to be transported along the cylindrical vessel, so that a successive gas discharge can be generated along the vessel in the case of solid bodies arranged in the longitudinal direction of the vessel.
  • both an electrical high-frequency field through the induction coil 4 and an electrical constant field are applied in the cylindrical vessel 2 made of a non-conductive material.
  • An electrode 9 and a counterelectrode 10 are provided in the vessel for the application of the direct electric field, in which case the electrode 10 is the electrically conductive solid to be treated, which is negatively polarized.
  • the elec trode 9 is cylindrical and provided with slot-shaped recesses 11 so that the high-frequency field can penetrate into the interior of the electrode 9.
  • the electrode 9 has any shape.
  • Another way of giving the electrically conductive solid body a negative potential is to connect it to a suitable point on the high-frequency generator via a coupling capacitor. In this case too, the induction coil 4 is operated at a high frequency of more than approximately 1 MHz.
  • All embodiments can furthermore be provided with a corresponding device in order to allow an additional axial magnetic field to act on the products of the gas discharge.
  • the cylindrical chamber and the electrodes must be made of a non-ferromagnetic material.
  • the discharge vessel 2 can be made of an electrically conductive material and itself serve as an electrode.
  • This embodiment is shown in Figure 4.
  • the material to be decontaminated, in this case the fuel rod 10, can also be used as the counter electrode.
  • the negative potential of the solid 10 to be treated is generated via a coupling capacitor.
  • the operating frequency is more than approx. 1 MHz.
  • a further modification also consists in using a inserted metal cylinder instead of the chamber wall as an electrode.
  • the method according to the invention can also be carried out if the glow discharge is not generated directly over the material to be decontaminated, but rather the solid to be decontaminated is only exposed to the gaseous products of such a glow discharge.
  • Figure 5 shows such an embodiment.
  • a slowly rotating drum or a device which picks up contaminated small parts and constantly circulates them so that the entire outer surface of the material is exposed to the glow discharge can also be provided in the discharge vessel.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Cleaning In General (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

Dans le procede pour la decontamination de corps solides ayant des substances toxiques, notamment radioactives, liees ou adherentes a la surface, les corps (1) sont exposes a une decharge lumineuse continue d'une duree de 30 secondes a 10 heures ou aux produits gazeux d'une telle decharge, dans une chambre fermee (2) dans laquelle regne une depression et une atmosphere gazeuse inerte et/ou reactive. Les gaz reactifs utilises doivent pouvoir reagir par combinaison avec les substances toxiques qui dans les conditions regnantes sont volatiles.
PCT/EP1982/000103 1981-05-25 1982-05-15 Procede et dispositif pour la decontamination de corps solides WO1982004347A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19813120793 DE3120793A1 (de) 1981-05-25 1981-05-25 "verfahren und vorrichtung zur dekontamination von festkoerpern"
DE3120793810525 1981-05-25

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1982004347A1 true WO1982004347A1 (fr) 1982-12-09

Family

ID=6133184

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP1982/000103 WO1982004347A1 (fr) 1981-05-25 1982-05-15 Procede et dispositif pour la decontamination de corps solides

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0079912A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3120793A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1982004347A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2716010C1 (ru) * 2019-05-16 2020-03-05 ФГУП "Предприятие по обращению с радиоактивными отходами "РосРАО" Способ дезактивации загрязненного оборудования металлических изделий и устройство для его осуществления

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3345782A1 (de) * 1983-12-17 1985-06-27 BBC Aktiengesellschaft Brown, Boveri & Cie., Baden, Aargau Verfahren zur primaerkreis-dekontamination von reaktoren
DE3418207A1 (de) * 1984-05-16 1985-11-21 Kraftwerk Union AG, 4330 Mülheim Verfahren zum dekontaminieren von metallteilen
DE4414263C2 (de) * 1994-04-23 2000-07-06 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Verfahren und Verdampfer zur plasmachemischen Reinigung von Substraten
DE19502133A1 (de) * 1995-01-25 1996-08-01 Tiller Hans Juergen Verfahren zur Sterilisation von metallischen medizinischen Instrumenten
DE19525749A1 (de) * 1995-07-14 1997-01-16 Siemens Ag Vorrichtung zur plasmachemischen Zersetzung und/oder Vernichtung von Schadstoffen
DE19525754A1 (de) * 1995-07-14 1997-01-16 Siemens Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur plasmachemischen Zersetzung und/oder Vernichtung von Schadstoffen
DE102004036631B4 (de) * 2004-07-28 2013-02-21 Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Verfahren zur Behandlung einer mit Radiokarbon kontaminierten Keramik, insbesondere Reaktorgraphit

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1382915A (en) * 1972-04-25 1975-02-05 British Nuclear Fuels Ltd Decontamination of fuel element sheaths
DE2944880A1 (de) * 1979-11-07 1981-05-27 Radium-Chemie AG, Teufen Verfahren und vorrichtung zur oberflaechenreinigung von gegenstaenden

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1382915A (en) * 1972-04-25 1975-02-05 British Nuclear Fuels Ltd Decontamination of fuel element sheaths
DE2944880A1 (de) * 1979-11-07 1981-05-27 Radium-Chemie AG, Teufen Verfahren und vorrichtung zur oberflaechenreinigung von gegenstaenden

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2716010C1 (ru) * 2019-05-16 2020-03-05 ФГУП "Предприятие по обращению с радиоактивными отходами "РосРАО" Способ дезактивации загрязненного оборудования металлических изделий и устройство для его осуществления
WO2020231295A1 (fr) * 2019-05-16 2020-11-19 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Предприятие по обращению с радиоактивными отходами "РосРАО" Procédé de neutralisation d'équipement contaminé d'articles métalliques et dispositif de mise en oeuvre

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3120793A1 (de) 1983-01-20
EP0079912A1 (fr) 1983-06-01

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