WO1982002119A1 - Antenne directive a plusieurs elements - Google Patents

Antenne directive a plusieurs elements Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1982002119A1
WO1982002119A1 PCT/DE1981/000209 DE8100209W WO8202119A1 WO 1982002119 A1 WO1982002119 A1 WO 1982002119A1 DE 8100209 W DE8100209 W DE 8100209W WO 8202119 A1 WO8202119 A1 WO 8202119A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
elements
dipole
directional antenna
dipoles
frequency
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE1981/000209
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Walfried Sommer
Original Assignee
Walfried Sommer
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Walfried Sommer filed Critical Walfried Sommer
Priority to DE8282900016T priority Critical patent/DE3177064D1/de
Publication of WO1982002119A1 publication Critical patent/WO1982002119A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/30—Combinations of separate antenna units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/40—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/40—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements
    • H01Q5/48—Combinations of two or more dipole type antennas
    • H01Q5/49—Combinations of two or more dipole type antennas with parasitic elements used for purposes other than for dual-band or multi-band, e.g. imbricated Yagi antennas

Definitions

  • a typical compromise antenna of this type is, for example, the so-called trap or blocking circuit antenna, in which the individual elements are divided by blocking circuits in such a way that, depending on the frequency range used, only certain antenna parts can be effective electrically.
  • the main disadvantage here is the shortening of the element due to the insertion of coils, which inevitably leads to a reduced profit.
  • a certain loss of radiated energy has to be accepted be converted into unwanted heat by the blocking circuits.
  • blocking circles are generally sensitive to the weather and lose quality over time due to weather influences, which further increases the losses.
  • the mechanical structure is also complicated with all the advantages compared to blocking circuit antennas and they require tuning work, which has hitherto made the series production of such antennas difficult. (Auerbach, loc.cit. P. 167).
  • the object of the invention is to implement an antenna system in which, as far as possible, the entire antenna system can be used for reception and radiation and, in contrast to previously known antennas, all additional tuning aids, such as separate resonant circuits, can be dispensed with.
  • the advantage of such a system is, in addition to its unprecedentedly simple mechanical structure, which is realized exclusively by means of metallic conductive parts, such as aluminum pipes and insulating brackets, in excellent electrical properties, for example a complete insensitivity to weather conditions flow.
  • the object is achieved in that no more additional inductive and capacitive components are used to tune the different frequency ranges, but instead the "blind components" necessary for tuning are produced by deliberately lengthening and shortening elements in considerable deviation from the typical resonance length of the elements and these Dummy components within the system are compensated for by coupling the elements together by approximation.
  • the basic unit of such an antenna system consists of a combination of three elements for an antenna for, for example, three frequency ranges.
  • This basic unit mainly serves to tune the overall system to the desired frequency ranges and consists of a ⁇ / 2 radiator for the lowest frequency, which is approximately matched to the resonance length. At a relatively short distance from this, a greatly extended ⁇ / 2 radiator for the next lowest frequency is attached. A further shortened ⁇ / 2 radiator of the highest frequency is now attached at a further short distance from this element.
  • the two radiators for the lower frequency ranges are fed in together, the middle radiator being able to be bent in the middle towards the common connection point of the feed line.
  • the middle radiator Due to the deliberate extension of the middle radiator, it has a relatively high inductive Blin danteil that it in itself outside the desired resonance range. Likewise, the shortening of the radiator for the highest frequency per se causes a severe detuning due to the additional capacitive shortening component. Due to the closely approximated arrangement of the three radiators in a range of less than 0.01-0.02 ⁇ in relation to the lowest frequency, all three radiators can now be coupled with one another in such a way that the reactive components and the entire system of all three are completely compensated for Radiator vibrates at the desired resonance frequencies. It is particularly astonishing that not only the two longest elements fed in during operation carry considerable high-frequency voltages and currents, but also that the only parasitically excited third element is current-carrying, although it should not be due to its mechanical dimensions.
  • the radiating area of the system is thus considerably increased for all three frequency ranges, as a result of which an unexpected increase in antenna gain is already achieved.
  • the spatially close arrangement of the radiating elements additionally results in a forward-backward ratio of about 2-5 dB for the radiated or radiated RF energy for the two higher bands, which has a favorable influence on the directional effect of the antenna.
  • the antenna gain provided by a Yagi antenna is not yet to be expected from this spatially closely spaced basic unit, but the two higher frequency ranges are already emitted by about 1-2 dB above a reference dipole. The longest element acts like a dipole.
  • the basic unit described according to the invention now allows one or more elements of the lowest frequency to be spaced apart over a longer "boom” to be arranged (cf. Auerbach loc.cit. p. 164), although surprisingly there is no need for adjustment circles here either. These elements are also fed via the crossed phase line.
  • the additional elements placed in front of or behind the three-element arrangement described increase the antenna gain and the forward-backward ratio dramatically on all three frequency ranges.
  • An antenna gain of 5-8 dB over a reference dipole and a forward-backward ratio of 20-30 dB can easily be achieved.
  • a further significant increase in the forward-backward ratio can be achieved if the three-way combination of the fed-in elements described above is arranged again on the boom at certain intervals.
  • the adaptation of the entire antenna system to a given supply cable e.g. 50 ohm coaxial cable which should be connected via an iron-free balun (balun) is carried out by means of an additional line, the electrical length of which is adapted to the entire antenna system.
  • the additional line is preferably connected in the manner of an open Lech line to the part of the crossed phase line facing away from the antenna base and brought to a length by means of an impedance measuring device which brings the overall system to the desired connection value at the base of the antenna.
  • Figure 1 shows a typical antenna for the frequency ranges 28-30 MHz, 21-21.5 MHz and 14-14.4 MHz (10, 15 and 20 m amateur band).
  • the base unit labeled G is fed in at point 4 via an iron-free balun via coaxial cable. With the point 4, the elements 2 and 3 are connected. Element 3 has a mechanical length of 9.9 m, which corresponds approximately to the electrical length of a dipole rated for 14 MHz. Element 2 is arranged at a distance of 40 + 5 cm and connected to the feed point 4 via bent, bent legs of 40 cm. Element 1 is arranged at a distance of 20 cm + 5 cm. Element 2 has a length of 2x3.6 m (measured from the entry point 4) and is considerably longer than a dipole £ the resonance frequency 21 MHz. Element 1 is again considerably shorter than a dipole for 28-30 MHz (2 ⁇ 4.6 m).
  • the elements 6 and 8 with a length of 10.6 m and 11.6 m are arranged at a distance of 2 m each. Both elements correspond approximately to the electrical length of a Uda-Yagi system for 14 MHz.
  • the antenna gain in all three frequency ranges is at least equal to the gain of an antenna system that is only calculated for one frequency band. It is assumed that both antenna systems have the same boom length.
  • the gain of monoband antennas with three elements and a boom length (distance between the two outermost elements) of 0.2 to 0.3 is given as 7 dB (see Auerbach, page 152).
  • the suppression of the backward unwanted signal is between 15 and 25 dB.
  • the bandwidth is about 1 MHz within the set bands, so that no additional matching devices have to be used.
  • the standing world Oil ratios reach values of 2 or better.
  • the triple combination of deliberately inductive or capacitive loaded dipole elements has the ability to avoid the unwanted splitting of the radiation diagrams of whole-wave dipoles or dipoles that are longer than 0.5 A.
  • the one for the lowest frequency is e.g. When operating at the highest frequency, the 14 MHz dipole excites collinearly and thus generates only one radiation lobe (Auerbach pp. 133 and 131).
  • FIG. 1 An extension of the system by a further basic unit (G) and an additional reflector (6 ') is shown schematically in FIG.
  • This arrangement increases the gain of the system by about 20% or 1 dB, but at the same time the forward-back ratio is greatly improved, namely by about 10-15 dB. This is of great importance with regard to the "overcrowded amateur bands" because it enables largely trouble-free operation.
  • system according to patent application P 30 10 688 .8 can be adapted to any other frequencies by adapting the additional line 10 accordingly and, if necessary, attaching further resonated elements.
  • phase line is not directly at the entry point to which the feed line coming from the transmitter or receiver is connected, but via a "detour line".
  • This is formed by a line running parallel to the element tube and the element tube itself.
  • the inductance formed in this way has the effect that when operating at the lowest frequency there is only a slight influence on the overall system, while when operating at the medium and higher frequency there is a desired inductive one Influences. This makes it possible to compensate for unwanted capacitive components of the phase line caused by the tubes of the phase line. This also makes it possible to better adapt the antenna system to the power cable and to increase the usable bandwidth.
  • the detour lines (they are also used on the reflectors) enable an increase in the front-to-back ratio because the exact phase relationship of the elements to one another can be set without changing the distance between them.
  • the length of the detour line is measured, it is typically between 0.3 and 1 m long if frequencies from 14-21-28 MHz are used. This corresponds to a length of 0.015 to 0.05 ⁇ based on the lowest frequency.
  • the detour line is made of pipe, the diameter of which is 10-15 mm. It is therefore much thinner than the element pipes, which typically measure 30 - 50 mm ⁇ .

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)

Abstract

Antenne directive pour les ondes courtes et ultra-courtes dont les elements (1, 2, 3) sont accordes sans l'aide d'un dispositif d'accord tel qu'un circuit resonant serie ou parallele. Le systeme est accorde par le fait que la composante inductive imaginaire d'un element rayonnant (1) trop long a une certaine frequence est couplee par rapprochement spatial avec la composante capacitive imaginaire d'un element rayonnant (2) trop court, ces deux composantes se compensant mutuellement. Ainsi le systeme est adapte a l'impedance du conducteur par un conducteur supplementaire (10) qui en outre rend accessible d'autres domaines de frequence comme par exemple 7 MHz.
PCT/DE1981/000209 1980-12-04 1981-12-02 Antenne directive a plusieurs elements WO1982002119A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE8282900016T DE3177064D1 (en) 1980-12-04 1981-12-02 Directional antenna with a plurality of elements

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3045684801204 1980-12-04
DE19803045684 DE3045684A1 (de) 1980-12-04 1980-12-04 Mehrelement-richtantennen-system

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1982002119A1 true WO1982002119A1 (fr) 1982-06-24

Family

ID=6118268

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE1981/000209 WO1982002119A1 (fr) 1980-12-04 1981-12-02 Antenne directive a plusieurs elements

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0065973B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS57502033A (fr)
DE (2) DE3045684A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1982002119A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001069714A1 (fr) * 2000-03-16 2001-09-20 Kathrein-Werke Kg Antenne dipole a double polarisation
US6985123B2 (en) 2001-10-11 2006-01-10 Kathrein-Werke Kg Dual-polarization antenna array

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USRE24413E (en) * 1955-09-12 1958-01-07 Radio frequency antennas-
GB813614A (en) * 1956-05-18 1959-05-21 Antiference Ltd Improvements relating to aerials
US3007167A (en) * 1958-02-05 1961-10-31 Winegard Co Universal tv and fm antenna
GB937686A (en) * 1961-07-20 1963-09-25 Antiference Ltd Aerials
DE1224796B (de) * 1961-07-07 1966-09-15 Hirschmann Radiotechnik Kombinations-Dipolantenne zum Empfang von mehreren Sendern
US3503074A (en) * 1968-12-05 1970-03-24 Duncan L Carter Log-periodic antenna array having closely spaced linear elements
US3599217A (en) * 1968-08-19 1971-08-10 J F D Electronics Corp Log periodic dipole antenna array

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USRE24413E (en) * 1955-09-12 1958-01-07 Radio frequency antennas-
GB813614A (en) * 1956-05-18 1959-05-21 Antiference Ltd Improvements relating to aerials
US3007167A (en) * 1958-02-05 1961-10-31 Winegard Co Universal tv and fm antenna
DE1224796B (de) * 1961-07-07 1966-09-15 Hirschmann Radiotechnik Kombinations-Dipolantenne zum Empfang von mehreren Sendern
GB937686A (en) * 1961-07-20 1963-09-25 Antiference Ltd Aerials
US3599217A (en) * 1968-08-19 1971-08-10 J F D Electronics Corp Log periodic dipole antenna array
US3503074A (en) * 1968-12-05 1970-03-24 Duncan L Carter Log-periodic antenna array having closely spaced linear elements

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001069714A1 (fr) * 2000-03-16 2001-09-20 Kathrein-Werke Kg Antenne dipole a double polarisation
US6819300B2 (en) 2000-03-16 2004-11-16 Kathrein-Werke Kg Dual-polarized dipole array antenna
CN100373691C (zh) * 2000-03-16 2008-03-05 凯特莱恩工厂股份公司 双极化偶极天线阵
US6985123B2 (en) 2001-10-11 2006-01-10 Kathrein-Werke Kg Dual-polarization antenna array

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3045684A1 (de) 1982-07-08
JPS57502033A (fr) 1982-11-11
DE3177064D1 (en) 1989-07-06
EP0065973A1 (fr) 1982-12-08
EP0065973B1 (fr) 1989-05-31

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