EP1134840B1 - Antenne - Google Patents

Antenne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1134840B1
EP1134840B1 EP01103315.6A EP01103315A EP1134840B1 EP 1134840 B1 EP1134840 B1 EP 1134840B1 EP 01103315 A EP01103315 A EP 01103315A EP 1134840 B1 EP1134840 B1 EP 1134840B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
conductor piece
conductor
wavelength
loop
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01103315.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1134840A3 (fr
EP1134840A2 (fr
Inventor
Horst Prof. Dr. Ziegler
Horst Dipl.Ing Behlen (FH)
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Prof Dr Horst Ziegler und Partner GbR
Original Assignee
Prof Dr Horst Ziegler & Partner GbR
Prof Dr Horst Ziegler und Partner GbR
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Prof Dr Horst Ziegler & Partner GbR, Prof Dr Horst Ziegler und Partner GbR filed Critical Prof Dr Horst Ziegler & Partner GbR
Publication of EP1134840A2 publication Critical patent/EP1134840A2/fr
Publication of EP1134840A3 publication Critical patent/EP1134840A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1134840B1 publication Critical patent/EP1134840B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an antenna according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the US 4,751,515 describes antennas of this type with helical windings bent into toroidal structures, which are operated in resonance. Their geometric dimensions are small compared to the vacuum wavelength of the generated standing waves. However, such antennas are mechanically quite expensive and therefore expensive. In addition, they take up considerable space in the depth. They are therefore not well suited for use in small radio modems.
  • the publication GB 157 404 A describes a loop antenna with two oppositely wound part turns. This avoids electrical noise that occurs when the loop antenna is in its minimum receiving position.
  • the DE 88 14 993 U describes various types of tunable head capacitances in magnetic loop antennas.
  • the head capacity can be formed by overlapping ends of the loop antenna.
  • the magnetic loop antennas include a closed, usually circular or rectangular conductor piece whose length is significantly smaller than the wavelength.
  • the conductor piece is connected at an input to a transmitter output and its other end is terminated with a head capacitance such that conductor loop and head capacitance form a resonant circuit whose resonant frequency matches the operating frequency of the transmitter.
  • the head capacity can also be formed by a filled with air or a dielectric gap at the corresponding end of the conductor piece.
  • Such a loop antenna is in the DE 195 45 394 A1 described. It is characterized by very small dimensions. However, in the case of a magnetic loop antenna, the radiation resistance and thus the effectiveness of the radiation is proportional to the square of the area enclosed by the conductor piece (antenna area), small and is typically 10 mOhm. In order to obtain a good efficiency in such an antenna, all loss resistances in the antenna must be very small. Difficult is the critical RF resistance of the Leit Publishedes and also the RF resistance of the head capacity.
  • Radio remote reading is usually carried out in almost all of Europe Radio bands at 433.92 MHz or 868-870 MHz. Apart from these admission-related criteria, frequency bands in the range between 200 and 3000 MHz would also be usable.
  • antennas should be as small as possible, in practice significantly smaller than a quarter of the wavelength.
  • the devices used for radio remote reading in the vicinity of larger metal surfaces are arranged, such as counter housing in gas / electricity meters, radiators in heat cost allocators, water pipes in water and heat meters. This also has a detrimental effect on the radiation. Further influences of the radiation occur through furniture, curtains and persons.
  • the consumption meters are usually battery-powered, whereby a functionality of the long-life battery over the entire calibration period (5 to 12 years) is desired.
  • the present invention therefore an antenna is to be given, which has a high efficiency with small dimensions.
  • An antenna according to the invention is a magnetic loop antenna, but it comes after, unlike the antenna after of the DE 195 45 394 A1 without head capacity.
  • the folded length of the conductor piece, which delimits the antenna surface is 1.75 to 3.5 times the circumference of the antenna surface. This results in circumferentially extending portions of the conductor piece, which are adjacent to each other.
  • the adjacency may be in the radial direction with respect to the boundary of the antenna surface or in the direction perpendicular to the antenna surface or in a combination of these two directions.
  • overlap The adjacent guidance of portions of the conductor piece will also be briefly referred to hereafter as "overlap", which term implies that the corresponding conductor portion portions need not contact each other. It is only important that the conductor sections are so close to each other that it comes to field couplings between the conductor sections. The mentioned field coupling causes the conductor piece in the overlap area behaves more like a double line. As a result, the propagation speed drops significantly below the speed of light. The reduction of the propagation velocity (or the wavelength of the current distribution in the conductor piece) is properly determined in detail by the distance of the conductor sections and the number of turns of the antenna (ratio between the length of the conductor piece and the circumference of the antenna surface).
  • the overlapping conductor sections are guided so that one obtains a reduction of the propagation velocity to about 0.8 times the propagation velocity which occurs without overlapping line sections in the conductor section.
  • an operating resonance quality of 10 to 300 can be obtained.
  • an antenna according to the invention when used as receiving antennas, can serve as a low-loss prefilter with high operational resonance quality or, when used as a transmitting antenna, serve as a filter for suppressing the emission of harmonic and spurious waves of the transmission frequency.
  • the radiation resistance of the antenna according to the invention is significantly higher (in the ohm range), so that the conductor resistance is not so critical for a long time. So you can also easily realize the antenna of wire. Geometric tolerances are not critical for the same reason.
  • an antenna according to the invention can be used well even at a small distance (a few millimeters) in front of a metal surface, and even capacitive influences on the antenna (eg by a hand) are only small.
  • the realization of the essentially a loop performing conductor piece can be done by appropriately bent wire, by milled conductor pieces or printed circuit traces, the latter being arranged on an insulating support, which may be, for example, a plastic housing or a plastic housing cover. If one measures the length of the conductor piece as indicated, one obtains a good reduction of the propagation speed of the electromagnetic waves along the conductor piece and thus a very compact geometry of the antenna with mechanically even simple construction of the antenna, which can thus be produced inexpensively.
  • the invention also enables the realization of antennas in which the total length of the conductor piece is a wavelength.
  • the conductor piece for feeding in the transmission energy or for decoupling the received energy need not be additionally interrupted.
  • An inductive coupling with the transmitter or receiver which cooperates with the antenna is also advantageous in terms of a residual adaptation of the antenna and the transmitter or receiver.
  • the geometries for the antenna surface which are specified in claim 4, are particularly well suited for the realization of antennas that have no pronounced directional characteristic, as is desired in the remote radio reading of consumption meters, since the installation orientation of the provided with radio remote consumption meter in terms of local requirements (radiator area, wall surface) must be made and can not be adapted to the transmission conditions to a remote reading center.
  • the axial distance p of the conductor sections 12 is in the range of 1 to 5 wire diameters. This results in the area of three sides of the antenna surface A, a magnetic coupling of the conductor sections 12 and thus a reduction in the propagation velocity of the electromagnetic radiation along the conductor piece 10.
  • the corresponding reduction factor k (wavelength of the current distribution in the conductor piece 10 / wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation in vacuum) can between 0.2 and 0.8, depending on how small the distance p is chosen and how far the conductor sections 12 overlap in the circumferential direction.
  • a coupling loop 14 is provided, which also limits a square area, which, however, is significantly smaller than the antenna area A.
  • the one end of the coupling loop 14 is connected directly to the one terminal of a transmitter 16.
  • the other terminal of the coupling loop 14 is connected via a coupling capacitor 18 to the second terminal of the transmitter 16 connected.
  • the transmitter 16 is driven by a consumption meter 20 ago and transmitted at longer intervals the count of the meter 20 in serial binary representation. Details about the operation of such a consumption meter, the DE 195 45 394 A1 , of the DE 30 44 262 A1 , of the DE 42 25 042 A1 or the DE 44 22 281 A1 to which reference is made in this regard.
  • the conductor piece 10 is dimensionally stable and can be fixed, for example, via an insulating piece (not shown), which packs the middle of the doubly provided conductor portions 12, to a support structure, not shown (eg printed circuit board or housing).
  • a modified antenna for remote radio reading of consumption meters is shown, which differs from the one according to FIG. 1 characterized in that the conductor sections 12 are arranged at a radial distance. Such an arrangement is particularly well suited for implementation on printed circuit boards.
  • the conductor pieces 10 can simply be etched out of a continuous copper layer there, as well as the coupling loop 14.
  • FIG. 3 shows an antenna according to the invention.
  • the antenna after FIG. 3 differs from the one after FIG. 1 in that the total length of the conductor piece 10 corresponds to one wavelength.
  • the conductor piece 10 has first been folded and the resulting folded conductor arrangement is then additionally shaped as in FIG FIG. 1 shown for a simple conductor piece.
  • FIG. 4 gives precise dimensions of a practical embodiment.
  • the characteristics of the W antenna shown there are as follows: Edge length a: 25.00 mm Wire diameter d: 0.63 mm Pitch p: 6,40 mm Edge length of the coupling loop: 8,50 mm Distance of the coupling loop: 6,60 mm Coupling capacitor: 6.20 pF.
  • the antennas described above are thus typical W / 2 antennas, but have considerably smaller dimensions than typical known W / 2 antennas.
  • the head antennas terminated loop antennas they differ by the lack of head capacity and by a significantly improved quality.
  • helix antennas having a plurality of turns differ in that their total length is an integer multiple of W is that a symmetrical feed takes place (in helix antennas one-sided feed) and that the winding spacing is small, so that one receives a magnetic coupling of adjacent conductor sections.
  • the antennas described above are characterized by a mechanically simple compact design.
  • the antenna surface A was substantially square. It is understood that the boundary of the antenna surface may instead be chosen circular. Such antennas have a substantially constant characteristic in the circumferential direction. If you choose the antenna surface A rectangular or oval, you can achieve a Richt characterisitk circumferentially variable directional characteristic.

Landscapes

  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Support Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Drying Of Semiconductors (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Antenne comprenant une boucle de couplage (14) et une boucle d'antenne qui est alimentée inductivement par l'intermédiaire de ladite boucle de couplage (14), et fonctionne en mode résonant,
    caractérisée par le fait que
    - la boucle d'antenne est formée d'un ensemble conducteur plié ;
    - ledit ensemble conducteur plié présente une pièce conductrice (10) pliée, constituant deux pièces partielles de longueurs égales et s'étendant parallèlement, les extrémités libres de ladite pièce conductrice étant reliées mutuellement en mode conduction ;
    - ledit ensemble conducteur plié ceinture une surface d'antenne (A) de la boucle d'antenne par lesdites pièces partielles s'étendant parallèlement, une longueur totale de chacune desdites pièces partielles représentant de 1,75 à 3,5 fois le périmètre de ladite surface d'antenne (A) ;
    - des tronçons (12) de ladite pièce conductrice (10), se chevauchant en observant dans le(s) sens axial et/ou radial, occupent des positions voisines mutuellement rapprochées de telle sorte que la longueur d'onde de la distribution de courant, dans ladite pièce conductrice (10), corresponde au maximum à 0,8 fois la longueur d'onde en espace libre du champ électromagnétique engendré par ladite distribution de courant ; et
    - la longueur totale de la pièce conductrice (10), respectivement la longueur totale de chacune des pièces partielles de ladite pièce conductrice (10) pliée, correspond respectivement à une longueur d'onde ou à une demi-longueur d'onde de la distribution de courant dans ladite pièce conductrice (10).
  2. Antenne selon la revendication 1, caractérisée par le fait que la longueur d'onde de la distribution de courant, dans la pièce conductrice (10), n'est pas inférieure à 0,2 fois la longueur d'onde en espace libre du champ électromagnétique engendré par ladite distribution de courant.
  3. Antenne selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée par le fait que la (les) distance(s) radiale et/ou axiale, entre les tronçons (12) de la pièce conductrice (10) espacés radialement et/ou axialement, représente(nt) de 1 à 5 fois la cote de ladite pièce conductrice (10) dans la direction d'espacement considérée.
  4. Antenne selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée par le fait que la surface d'antenne (A) est carrée ou circulaire.
  5. Antenne selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée par le fait que la surface d'antenne (A) est rectangulaire ou ovale.
EP01103315.6A 2000-03-06 2001-02-13 Antenne Expired - Lifetime EP1134840B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10010936A DE10010936B4 (de) 2000-03-06 2000-03-06 Antenne
DE10010936 2000-03-06

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1134840A2 EP1134840A2 (fr) 2001-09-19
EP1134840A3 EP1134840A3 (fr) 2004-01-07
EP1134840B1 true EP1134840B1 (fr) 2017-10-04

Family

ID=7633741

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01103315.6A Expired - Lifetime EP1134840B1 (fr) 2000-03-06 2001-02-13 Antenne

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1134840B1 (fr)
CZ (1) CZ2001787A3 (fr)
DE (1) DE10010936B4 (fr)
HU (1) HUP0100955A2 (fr)
PL (1) PL346283A1 (fr)
SK (1) SK2762001A3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FI20012285A0 (fi) * 2001-11-22 2001-11-22 Valtion Teknillinen Etätunnistimen (RFID) optimoitu ympärisäteilevä modifioitu silmukka-antenni
US7239290B2 (en) 2004-09-14 2007-07-03 Kyocera Wireless Corp. Systems and methods for a capacitively-loaded loop antenna
US7408517B1 (en) 2004-09-14 2008-08-05 Kyocera Wireless Corp. Tunable capacitively-loaded magnetic dipole antenna
US7274338B2 (en) 2005-10-12 2007-09-25 Kyocera Corporation Meander line capacitively-loaded magnetic dipole antenna
US7427965B2 (en) 2005-10-12 2008-09-23 Kyocera Corporation Multiple band capacitively-loaded loop antenna
US8789762B2 (en) 2010-08-12 2014-07-29 Feinics Amatech Teoranta RFID antenna modules and methods of making
US8991712B2 (en) 2010-08-12 2015-03-31 Féinics Amatech Teoranta Coupling in and to RFID smart cards
DE102015016233A1 (de) 2015-12-16 2017-06-22 Karl Storz Gmbh & Co. Kg RFID-Transponder für ein medizinisches Instrument und/oder für ein Endoskop, medizinisches Instrument und/oder Endoskop sowie Montageverfahren

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB157404A (en) * 1919-12-02 1922-04-10 Drahtlose Telegraphie Gmbh Improvements in wireless receiving systems
US3284801A (en) * 1964-01-15 1966-11-08 John J Bryant Large loop antenna
US4751515A (en) * 1980-07-09 1988-06-14 Corum James F Electromagnetic structure and method
DE8814993U1 (de) * 1988-01-04 1989-03-02 Oppermann, Richard, 7762 Ludwigshafen Antenneneinheit, bestehend aus Antennenschleife, Kondensator und Ankopplung
DE19545394A1 (de) * 1995-12-06 1997-06-12 Ziegler Horst Antenneneinheit

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CZ2001787A3 (cs) 2002-04-17
DE10010936B4 (de) 2006-11-02
DE10010936A1 (de) 2001-09-27
SK2762001A3 (en) 2002-04-04
HUP0100955A2 (hu) 2001-11-28
EP1134840A3 (fr) 2004-01-07
HU0100955D0 (en) 2001-05-28
PL346283A1 (en) 2001-09-10
EP1134840A2 (fr) 2001-09-19

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