EP1134840B1 - Antenna - Google Patents
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- EP1134840B1 EP1134840B1 EP01103315.6A EP01103315A EP1134840B1 EP 1134840 B1 EP1134840 B1 EP 1134840B1 EP 01103315 A EP01103315 A EP 01103315A EP 1134840 B1 EP1134840 B1 EP 1134840B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- antenna
- conductor piece
- conductor
- wavelength
- loop
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
Definitions
- the invention relates to an antenna according to the preamble of claim 1.
- the US 4,751,515 describes antennas of this type with helical windings bent into toroidal structures, which are operated in resonance. Their geometric dimensions are small compared to the vacuum wavelength of the generated standing waves. However, such antennas are mechanically quite expensive and therefore expensive. In addition, they take up considerable space in the depth. They are therefore not well suited for use in small radio modems.
- the publication GB 157 404 A describes a loop antenna with two oppositely wound part turns. This avoids electrical noise that occurs when the loop antenna is in its minimum receiving position.
- the DE 88 14 993 U describes various types of tunable head capacitances in magnetic loop antennas.
- the head capacity can be formed by overlapping ends of the loop antenna.
- the magnetic loop antennas include a closed, usually circular or rectangular conductor piece whose length is significantly smaller than the wavelength.
- the conductor piece is connected at an input to a transmitter output and its other end is terminated with a head capacitance such that conductor loop and head capacitance form a resonant circuit whose resonant frequency matches the operating frequency of the transmitter.
- the head capacity can also be formed by a filled with air or a dielectric gap at the corresponding end of the conductor piece.
- Such a loop antenna is in the DE 195 45 394 A1 described. It is characterized by very small dimensions. However, in the case of a magnetic loop antenna, the radiation resistance and thus the effectiveness of the radiation is proportional to the square of the area enclosed by the conductor piece (antenna area), small and is typically 10 mOhm. In order to obtain a good efficiency in such an antenna, all loss resistances in the antenna must be very small. Difficult is the critical RF resistance of the Leit Publishedes and also the RF resistance of the head capacity.
- Radio remote reading is usually carried out in almost all of Europe Radio bands at 433.92 MHz or 868-870 MHz. Apart from these admission-related criteria, frequency bands in the range between 200 and 3000 MHz would also be usable.
- antennas should be as small as possible, in practice significantly smaller than a quarter of the wavelength.
- the devices used for radio remote reading in the vicinity of larger metal surfaces are arranged, such as counter housing in gas / electricity meters, radiators in heat cost allocators, water pipes in water and heat meters. This also has a detrimental effect on the radiation. Further influences of the radiation occur through furniture, curtains and persons.
- the consumption meters are usually battery-powered, whereby a functionality of the long-life battery over the entire calibration period (5 to 12 years) is desired.
- the present invention therefore an antenna is to be given, which has a high efficiency with small dimensions.
- An antenna according to the invention is a magnetic loop antenna, but it comes after, unlike the antenna after of the DE 195 45 394 A1 without head capacity.
- the folded length of the conductor piece, which delimits the antenna surface is 1.75 to 3.5 times the circumference of the antenna surface. This results in circumferentially extending portions of the conductor piece, which are adjacent to each other.
- the adjacency may be in the radial direction with respect to the boundary of the antenna surface or in the direction perpendicular to the antenna surface or in a combination of these two directions.
- overlap The adjacent guidance of portions of the conductor piece will also be briefly referred to hereafter as "overlap", which term implies that the corresponding conductor portion portions need not contact each other. It is only important that the conductor sections are so close to each other that it comes to field couplings between the conductor sections. The mentioned field coupling causes the conductor piece in the overlap area behaves more like a double line. As a result, the propagation speed drops significantly below the speed of light. The reduction of the propagation velocity (or the wavelength of the current distribution in the conductor piece) is properly determined in detail by the distance of the conductor sections and the number of turns of the antenna (ratio between the length of the conductor piece and the circumference of the antenna surface).
- the overlapping conductor sections are guided so that one obtains a reduction of the propagation velocity to about 0.8 times the propagation velocity which occurs without overlapping line sections in the conductor section.
- an operating resonance quality of 10 to 300 can be obtained.
- an antenna according to the invention when used as receiving antennas, can serve as a low-loss prefilter with high operational resonance quality or, when used as a transmitting antenna, serve as a filter for suppressing the emission of harmonic and spurious waves of the transmission frequency.
- the radiation resistance of the antenna according to the invention is significantly higher (in the ohm range), so that the conductor resistance is not so critical for a long time. So you can also easily realize the antenna of wire. Geometric tolerances are not critical for the same reason.
- an antenna according to the invention can be used well even at a small distance (a few millimeters) in front of a metal surface, and even capacitive influences on the antenna (eg by a hand) are only small.
- the realization of the essentially a loop performing conductor piece can be done by appropriately bent wire, by milled conductor pieces or printed circuit traces, the latter being arranged on an insulating support, which may be, for example, a plastic housing or a plastic housing cover. If one measures the length of the conductor piece as indicated, one obtains a good reduction of the propagation speed of the electromagnetic waves along the conductor piece and thus a very compact geometry of the antenna with mechanically even simple construction of the antenna, which can thus be produced inexpensively.
- the invention also enables the realization of antennas in which the total length of the conductor piece is a wavelength.
- the conductor piece for feeding in the transmission energy or for decoupling the received energy need not be additionally interrupted.
- An inductive coupling with the transmitter or receiver which cooperates with the antenna is also advantageous in terms of a residual adaptation of the antenna and the transmitter or receiver.
- the geometries for the antenna surface which are specified in claim 4, are particularly well suited for the realization of antennas that have no pronounced directional characteristic, as is desired in the remote radio reading of consumption meters, since the installation orientation of the provided with radio remote consumption meter in terms of local requirements (radiator area, wall surface) must be made and can not be adapted to the transmission conditions to a remote reading center.
- the axial distance p of the conductor sections 12 is in the range of 1 to 5 wire diameters. This results in the area of three sides of the antenna surface A, a magnetic coupling of the conductor sections 12 and thus a reduction in the propagation velocity of the electromagnetic radiation along the conductor piece 10.
- the corresponding reduction factor k (wavelength of the current distribution in the conductor piece 10 / wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation in vacuum) can between 0.2 and 0.8, depending on how small the distance p is chosen and how far the conductor sections 12 overlap in the circumferential direction.
- a coupling loop 14 is provided, which also limits a square area, which, however, is significantly smaller than the antenna area A.
- the one end of the coupling loop 14 is connected directly to the one terminal of a transmitter 16.
- the other terminal of the coupling loop 14 is connected via a coupling capacitor 18 to the second terminal of the transmitter 16 connected.
- the transmitter 16 is driven by a consumption meter 20 ago and transmitted at longer intervals the count of the meter 20 in serial binary representation. Details about the operation of such a consumption meter, the DE 195 45 394 A1 , of the DE 30 44 262 A1 , of the DE 42 25 042 A1 or the DE 44 22 281 A1 to which reference is made in this regard.
- the conductor piece 10 is dimensionally stable and can be fixed, for example, via an insulating piece (not shown), which packs the middle of the doubly provided conductor portions 12, to a support structure, not shown (eg printed circuit board or housing).
- a modified antenna for remote radio reading of consumption meters is shown, which differs from the one according to FIG. 1 characterized in that the conductor sections 12 are arranged at a radial distance. Such an arrangement is particularly well suited for implementation on printed circuit boards.
- the conductor pieces 10 can simply be etched out of a continuous copper layer there, as well as the coupling loop 14.
- FIG. 3 shows an antenna according to the invention.
- the antenna after FIG. 3 differs from the one after FIG. 1 in that the total length of the conductor piece 10 corresponds to one wavelength.
- the conductor piece 10 has first been folded and the resulting folded conductor arrangement is then additionally shaped as in FIG FIG. 1 shown for a simple conductor piece.
- FIG. 4 gives precise dimensions of a practical embodiment.
- the characteristics of the W antenna shown there are as follows: Edge length a: 25.00 mm Wire diameter d: 0.63 mm Pitch p: 6,40 mm Edge length of the coupling loop: 8,50 mm Distance of the coupling loop: 6,60 mm Coupling capacitor: 6.20 pF.
- the antennas described above are thus typical W / 2 antennas, but have considerably smaller dimensions than typical known W / 2 antennas.
- the head antennas terminated loop antennas they differ by the lack of head capacity and by a significantly improved quality.
- helix antennas having a plurality of turns differ in that their total length is an integer multiple of W is that a symmetrical feed takes place (in helix antennas one-sided feed) and that the winding spacing is small, so that one receives a magnetic coupling of adjacent conductor sections.
- the antennas described above are characterized by a mechanically simple compact design.
- the antenna surface A was substantially square. It is understood that the boundary of the antenna surface may instead be chosen circular. Such antennas have a substantially constant characteristic in the circumferential direction. If you choose the antenna surface A rectangular or oval, you can achieve a Richt characterisitk circumferentially variable directional characteristic.
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Antenne gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to an antenna according to the preamble of claim 1.
Die
Der Artikel "
Die Druckschrift
Die
Unter den Antennen, die für kleine Funkmodems verwendet werden, befinden sich insbesondere die magnetischen Loop-Antennen: Diese umfassen ein geschlossenes, meist kreisförmiges oder rechteckiges Leiterstück, dessen Länge deutlich kleiner ist als die Wellenlänge. Das Leiterstück ist an einem Eingang an einen Senderausgang angeschlossen und sein anderes Ende wird mit einer Kopfkapazität abgeschlossen, derart, daß Leiterschleife und Kopfkapazität einen Resonanzkreis bilden, dessen Resonanzfrequenz mit der Arbeitsfrequenz des Senders übereinstimmt. Die Kopfkapazität kann auch durch einen mit Luft oder einem Dielektrikum gefüllten Spalt am entsprechenden Ende des Leiterstückes gebildet sein.Among the antennas that are used for small radio modems, there are in particular the magnetic loop antennas: These include a closed, usually circular or rectangular conductor piece whose length is significantly smaller than the wavelength. The conductor piece is connected at an input to a transmitter output and its other end is terminated with a head capacitance such that conductor loop and head capacitance form a resonant circuit whose resonant frequency matches the operating frequency of the transmitter. The head capacity can also be formed by a filled with air or a dielectric gap at the corresponding end of the conductor piece.
Eine derartige Loop-Antenne ist in der
Antennen der in der
Bei derartigen Frequenzen betragen schon die Widerstände üblicher kapazitiver Bauelemente einige -zig mOhm. Wegen des recht niedrigen Strahlungswiderstandes der Antenne müßten auch alle anderen Widerstände des Leiterstückes und der Kopfkapzität im Bereich von wenigen mOhm liegen, was breite Leiterabmessungen notwendig macht.At such frequencies, even the resistances of conventional capacitive components are a few tens of mOhms. Because of the rather low radiation resistance of the antenna, all other resistors of the conductor piece and the head capacitance would have to be in the range of a few mOhms, which makes wide conductor dimensions necessary.
Nun sollen aber derartige Antennen möglichst klein sein, in der Praxis deutlich kleiner als ein Viertel der Wellenlänge. Oft sind auch die zur Funkfernauslesung verwendeten Geräte in der Nachbarschaft größerer Metallflächen angeordnet, etwa Zählegehäuse bei Gas/Stromzählern, Heizkörper bei Heizkostenverteilern, Wasserleitungen bei Wasser- und Wärmemengen-Zählern. Auch dies wirkt sich nachteilig auf die Abstrahlung aus. Weitere Beeinflussungen der Abstrahlung erfolgen durch Möbel, Vorhänge und Personen. Die Verbrauchsmessgeräte sind in der Regel batteriegetrieben, wobei eine Funktionsfähigkeit der Langzeitbatterie über die gesamte Eichdauer hinweg (5 bis 12 Jahre) gewünscht wird.But now such antennas should be as small as possible, in practice significantly smaller than a quarter of the wavelength. Often, the devices used for radio remote reading in the vicinity of larger metal surfaces are arranged, such as counter housing in gas / electricity meters, radiators in heat cost allocators, water pipes in water and heat meters. This also has a detrimental effect on the radiation. Further influences of the radiation occur through furniture, curtains and persons. The consumption meters are usually battery-powered, whereby a functionality of the long-life battery over the entire calibration period (5 to 12 years) is desired.
Durch die vorliegende Erfindung soll daher eine Antenne angegeben werden, die bei kleinen Abmessungen einen hohen Wirkungsgrad aufweist.The present invention therefore an antenna is to be given, which has a high efficiency with small dimensions.
Diese Aufgabe ist erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch eine Antenne mit den im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmalen.This object is achieved by an antenna having the features specified in claim 1.
Eine erfindungsgemäße Antenne ist eine magnetische Loop-Antenne, sie kommt jedoch, anders als die Antenne nach der
Die benachbarte Führung von Abschnitten des Leiterstückes werden nachstehend auch kurz als "Überlappung" angesprochen, wobei dieser Begriff beinhaltet, daß die entsprechenden Leiterstückabschnitte einander nicht zu berühren brauchen. Wichtig ist nur, daß die Leiterabschnitte einander so dicht benachbart sind, daß es zu Feldverkopplungen zwischen den Leiterabschnitten kommt.
Die angesprochene Feldverkopplung führt dazu, daß sich das Leiterstück im Überlappungsbereich eher wie eine Doppelleitung verhält. Dadurch sinkt die Ausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit erheblich unter die Lichtgeschwindigkeit ab. Die Absenkung der Ausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit (bzw. der Wellenlänge der Stromverteilung im Leiterstück) richtig sich im einzelnen nach dem Abstand der Leiterabschnitte und der Windungszahl der Antenne (Verhältnis zwischen Länge des Leiterstückes und dem Umfang der Antennenfläche). Erfindungsgemäß werden die überlappenden Leiterabschnitte so geführt, daß man eine Herabsetzung der Ausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit auf etwa das 0,8-Fache derjenigen Ausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit erhält, die sich ohne überlappende Leitungsabschnitte im Leiterstück einstellt.
Durch die Einstellung der Windungszahl und die Art und Weise der Überlappung der Leiterabschnitte (und den hierdurch erhaltenen Verkürzungsfaktor) kann man dann Antennen realisieren, deren Durchmesser nur 1/20 bis 1/30 der Wellenlänge beträgt. Die Größe einer solchen Antenne ist somit ähnlich klein wie die einer klassischen Loop-Antenne mit Kopfkapazität, wobei aber eine die Güte der Antenne beeinträchtigende Kopfkapazität nicht benötigt wird, vielmehr die magnetische Verkopplung der überlappenden Leiterabschnitte für die Einstellung der Resonanzbedingungen bei kleinen Antennenabmessungen verantwortlich ist.The adjacent guidance of portions of the conductor piece will also be briefly referred to hereafter as "overlap", which term implies that the corresponding conductor portion portions need not contact each other. It is only important that the conductor sections are so close to each other that it comes to field couplings between the conductor sections.
The mentioned field coupling causes the conductor piece in the overlap area behaves more like a double line. As a result, the propagation speed drops significantly below the speed of light. The reduction of the propagation velocity (or the wavelength of the current distribution in the conductor piece) is properly determined in detail by the distance of the conductor sections and the number of turns of the antenna (ratio between the length of the conductor piece and the circumference of the antenna surface). According to the invention, the overlapping conductor sections are guided so that one obtains a reduction of the propagation velocity to about 0.8 times the propagation velocity which occurs without overlapping line sections in the conductor section.
By adjusting the number of turns and the type and The way in which the conductor sections overlap (and the shortening factor thus obtained) can then be realized antennas whose diameter is only 1/20 to 1/30 of the wavelength. The size of such an antenna is thus similar to that of a conventional loop antenna with head capacity, but a head capacity affecting the quality of the antenna is not needed, rather the magnetic coupling of the overlapping conductor sections is responsible for setting the resonance conditions for small antenna dimensions.
In der Praxis kann man mit erfindungsgemäßen Antennen so eine Betriebs-Resonanzgüte von 10 bis 300 erhalten.In practice, with antennas according to the invention, an operating resonance quality of 10 to 300 can be obtained.
Damit kann eine erfindungsgemäße Antenne bei Einsatz als Empfangsantennen als verlustarmes Vorfilter mit hoher Betriebs-Resonanzgüte dienen oder bei Einsatz als Sendeantenne als Filter zur Unterdrückung der Ausstrahlung von Ober- und Nebenwellen der Sendefrequenz dienen.Thus, when used as receiving antennas, an antenna according to the invention can serve as a low-loss prefilter with high operational resonance quality or, when used as a transmitting antenna, serve as a filter for suppressing the emission of harmonic and spurious waves of the transmission frequency.
Im Vergleich mit einer Ringantenne ist der Abstrahlwiderstand der erfindungsgemäßen Antenne deutlich höher (im Ohm-Bereich), so daß der Leiterwiderstand lange nicht mehr so kritisch ist. Damit kann man die Antenne auch einfach aus Draht realisieren. Geometrische Toleranzen sind aus dem gleichen Grunde nicht kritisch.In comparison with a ring antenna, the radiation resistance of the antenna according to the invention is significantly higher (in the ohm range), so that the conductor resistance is not so critical for a long time. So you can also easily realize the antenna of wire. Geometric tolerances are not critical for the same reason.
Aufgrund ihrer Eigenschaften läßt sich eine erfindungsgemäße Antenne gut auch noch unter kleinem Abstand (wenige Millimeter) vor einer Metallfläche verwenden, und auch kapazitive Beeinflussungen der Antenne (z.B. durch eine Hand) sind nur klein.Due to their properties, an antenna according to the invention can be used well even at a small distance (a few millimeters) in front of a metal surface, and even capacitive influences on the antenna (eg by a hand) are only small.
Die Realisierung des im wesentlichen eine Schleife darstellenden Leiterstückes kann durch entsprechend gebogenen Draht, durch gefräste Leiterstücke oder durch gedruckte Leiterbahnen erfolgen, wobei letztere auf einem isolierenden Träger angeordnet sind, der z.B. auch ein Kunststoffgehäuse oder eine Kunststoff-Gehäusedeckel sein kann.
Bemißt man die Länge des Leiterstückes wie angegeben, so erhält man eine gute Herabsetzung der Ausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit der elektromagnetischen Wellen längs des Leiterstückes und damit eine sehr kompakte Geometrie der Antenne bei mechanisch noch einfachem Aufbau der Antenne, die sich somit preisgünstig herstellen läßt.
Die Erfindung ermöglicht auch die Realisierung von Antennen, bei denen die Gesamtlänge des Leiterstückes eine Wellenlänge ist.The realization of the essentially a loop performing conductor piece can be done by appropriately bent wire, by milled conductor pieces or printed circuit traces, the latter being arranged on an insulating support, which may be, for example, a plastic housing or a plastic housing cover.
If one measures the length of the conductor piece as indicated, one obtains a good reduction of the propagation speed of the electromagnetic waves along the conductor piece and thus a very compact geometry of the antenna with mechanically even simple construction of the antenna, which can thus be produced inexpensively.
The invention also enables the realization of antennas in which the total length of the conductor piece is a wavelength.
Durch die Änderung des Wicklungssinnes nach der halben Wellenlänge wird erreicht, daß die Magnetfelder, die von den verschiedenen Abschnitten des Leiterstückes erzeugt werden, betragsmäßig addiert werden.
Dabei fließt bei den Enden des Leiterstückes kein Strom, so daß man diese Enden verbinden kann, was z. B. zur Einfachheit der Herstellung und zur mechanischen Festigkeit der Antenne beiträgt.
Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in Unteransprüchen angegeben.
Auch die Weiterbildung der Erfindung gemäß Anspruch 2 dient dem Erhalten kompakter Abmessungen der Antenne.
Eine Beabstandung der einander überlappenden Abschnitte des Leiterstückes, wie sie im Anspruch 3 angegeben ist, hat sich in der Praxis besonders bewährt. Man erhält eine gute Herabsetzung der Ausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit. Zugleich ist die Antennenstruktur kompakt und die nebeneinander geführten Leiterabschnitte lassen sich präzise führen.By changing the winding sense after half the wavelength is achieved that the magnetic fields generated by the various sections of the conductor piece, be added in magnitude.
In this case, no current flows at the ends of the conductor piece, so that you can connect these ends, which z. B. contributes to ease of manufacture and mechanical strength of the antenna.
Advantageous developments of the invention are specified in subclaims.
The development of the invention according to claim 2 is used to obtain compact dimensions of the antenna.
A spacing of the overlapping sections the conductor piece, as indicated in claim 3, has proven particularly useful in practice. A good reduction of the propagation speed is obtained. At the same time, the antenna structure is compact and the adjacent conductor sections can be guided precisely.
Gemäß der Erfindung braucht das Leiterstück zur Einspeisung der Sendeenergie bzw. zum Auskoppeln der empfangenen Energie nicht zusätzlich unterbrochen zu werden. Eine induktive Kopplung mit dem Sender bzw. Empfänger, der mit der Antenne zusammenarbeitet, ist auch im Hinblick auf eine Restanpassung von Antenne und Sender bzw. Empfänger von Vorteil.According to the invention, the conductor piece for feeding in the transmission energy or for decoupling the received energy need not be additionally interrupted. An inductive coupling with the transmitter or receiver which cooperates with the antenna is also advantageous in terms of a residual adaptation of the antenna and the transmitter or receiver.
Die Geometrien für die Antennenfläche, die im Anspruch 4 angegeben sind, eignen sich besonders gut für die Realisierung von Antennen, die keine ausgeprägte Richtcharakteristik aufweisen, wie dies bei der Funkfernauslesung von Verbrauchsmessern gewünscht wird, da die Einbauorientierung der mit Funkfernauslesung versehenen Verbrauchsmesser im Hinblick auf lokale Erfordernisse (Heizkörperfläche, Wandfläche) erfolgen muß und nicht an die Übertragungsverhältnisse zu einer Fernauslesezentrale angepaßt werden kann.The geometries for the antenna surface, which are specified in claim 4, are particularly well suited for the realization of antennas that have no pronounced directional characteristic, as is desired in the remote radio reading of consumption meters, since the installation orientation of the provided with radio remote consumption meter in terms of local requirements (radiator area, wall surface) must be made and can not be adapted to the transmission conditions to a remote reading center.
Alternativ kann man mit den im Anspruch 5 angegebenen Geometrien der Antennenfläche eine Richtcharakteristik der Antenne erzielen.
Nachstehend wird die Erfindung anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung näher erläutert. In dieser zeigen:
- Figur 1:
- eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Antenne nach einem Beispiel mit zugeordneter Speiseeinrichtung, wobei Abschnitte des die Antenne bildenden Leiterstückes, dessen Gesamtlänge einer halben Wellenlänge entspricht, axial beabstandet geführt sind;
- Figur 2:
- eine ähnliche Ansicht wie
Figur 1 , in welcher jedoch eine abgewandelte Antenne gezeigt ist, bei welcher Abschnitte des die Antenne bildenden Leiterstückes radial beabstandet sind; - Figur 3:
- eine Antenne nach der Erfindung mit ähnlicher Ansicht wie
Figur 1 , bei welcher jedoch die Gesamtlänge des die Antenne bildenden Leiterstückes gleich einer Wellenlänge ist; und - Figur 4:
- eine ähnliche Ansicht wie
Figur 3 , in welche jedoch die Bemaßung eines praktischen Ausführungsbespieles eingetragen ist.
Die verschiedenen den Kanten der Antennenfläche A zugeordneten Abschnitte 12 des Leiterstückes 10 sind ähnlich geführt, wobei die Ganghöhe der Windungen mit p bezeichnet ist.Alternatively, you can with the specified in claim 5 geometries of the antenna surface a directional characteristic achieve the antenna.
The invention will be explained in more detail by means of exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawing. In this show:
- FIG. 1:
- a perspective view of an antenna according to an example with associated feeding device, wherein portions of the antenna piece forming the conductor piece, the total length of which corresponds to half a wavelength, are guided axially spaced;
- FIG. 2:
- a similar view as
FIG. 1 in which, however, a modified antenna is shown in which portions of the conductor piece forming the antenna are radially spaced; - FIG. 3:
- an antenna according to the invention with a similar view as
FIG. 1 in which, however, the total length of the conductor piece forming the antenna is equal to one wavelength; and - FIG. 4:
- a similar view as
FIG. 3 , in which, however, the dimension of a practical execution example is entered.
The
Man erkennt, daß sich jeweils zwei Abschnitte 12 des Leiterstückes 10 in axialer Richtung gesehen überlappen, mit Ausnahme des vorne liegenden Abschnittes, der einzeln ist und die Windungsebenen überbrückt.It can be seen that in each case two
Der axiale Abstand p der Leiterabschnitte 12 liegt im Bereich von 1 bis 5 Drahtdurchmessern. Damit ergibt sich im Bereich dreier Seiten der Antennenfläche A eine magnetische Kopplung der Leiterabschnitte 12 und damit eine Herabsetzung der Ausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit der elektromagnetischen Strahlung längs des Leiterstückes 10. Der entsprechende Verkürzungsfaktor k (Wellenlänge der Stromverteilung im Leiterstück 10 / Wellenlänge der elektromagnetischen Strahlung im Vakuum) kann zwischen 0,2 und 0,8 gewählt werden, je nach dem, wie klein der Abstand p gewählt wird und wie weit sich die Leiterabschnitte 12 in Umfangsrichtung überlappen.The axial distance p of the
Damit kann die in
Zur Speisung der durch das Leiterstück 10 gebildeten Antennenschleife ist eine Koppelschleife 14 vorgesehen, die ebenfalls eine quadratische Fläche begrenzt, die jedoch deutlich kleiner ist als die Antennenfläche A.For feeding the antenna loop formed by the
Das eine Ende der Koppelschleife 14 ist direkt mit dem einen Anschluß eines Senders 16 verbunden. Der andere Anschluß der Koppelschleife 14 ist über einen Koppelkondensator 18 mit dem zweiten Anschluß des Senders 16 verbunden.
Der Sender 16 wird von einem Verbrauchsmesser 20 her angesteuert und übermittelt in größeren zeitlichen Abständen den Zählerstand des Verbrauchsmessers 20 in serieller binärer Darstellung. Einzelheiten über das Arbeiten eines derartigen Verbrauchsmessers können der
Das Leiterstück 10 ist formstabil und kann z.B. über ein Isolierstück (nicht gezeigt), das die mittleren der doppelt vorgesehenen Leiterabschnitte 12 packt, an einer nicht gezeigten Tragstruktur (z.B. Leiterplatte oder Gehäuse) festgelegt sein.
In
The
The
In
Damit wechselt die Stromrichtung an den Stromknoten.This changes the current direction to the current node.
Damit werden folgende Eigenschaften erhalten:
Die oben beschriebenen Antennen sind somit typische W/2-Antennen, haben aber erheblich geringere Abmessungen als typische bekannte W/2-Antennen. Von den durch Kopfapazitäten abgeschlossenen Loop-Antennen unterscheiden sie sich durch das Fehlen einer Kopfkapazität und durch einen erhebliche verbesserte Güte.The antennas described above are thus typical W / 2 antennas, but have considerably smaller dimensions than typical known W / 2 antennas. Of the head antennas terminated loop antennas they differ by the lack of head capacity and by a significantly improved quality.
Von den herkömmlichen Helixantennen, die eine Vielzahl von Windungen aufweisen, unterscheiden Sie sich dadurch, daß ihre Gesamtlänge ein ganzzahliges Vielfaches von W ist, daß eine symmetrische Einspeisung erfolgt (bei Helix-Antennen einseitige Einspeisung) und daß der Windungsabstand klein ist, so daß man eine magnetische Verkopplung benachbarter Leiterabschnitte erhält.Of the conventional helix antennas having a plurality of turns, they differ in that their total length is an integer multiple of W is that a symmetrical feed takes place (in helix antennas one-sided feed) and that the winding spacing is small, so that one receives a magnetic coupling of adjacent conductor sections.
Dabei zeichnen sich die oben beschriebenen Antennen durch einen mechanisch einfachen kompakten Aufbau aus.In this case, the antennas described above are characterized by a mechanically simple compact design.
Bei den oben beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispielen war die Antennenfläche A im wesentlichen quadratisch. Es versteht sich, daß die Begrenzung der Antennenfläche stattdessen auch kreisförmig gewählt sein kann. Solche Antennen haben eine in Umfangsrichtung im wesentlichen konstante Charakterisitk. Wählt man die Antennenfläche A rechteckig oder oval, kann man eine Richtcharakterisitk in Umfangsrichtung veränderliche Richtcharakteristik erzielen.In the embodiments described above, the antenna surface A was substantially square. It is understood that the boundary of the antenna surface may instead be chosen circular. Such antennas have a substantially constant characteristic in the circumferential direction. If you choose the antenna surface A rectangular or oval, you can achieve a Richtcharakterisitk circumferentially variable directional characteristic.
Claims (5)
- Antenna with a coupling loop (14) and an antenna loop that is inductively fed by way of the coupling loop (14) and operates in resonance,
characterized in that
the antenna loop is formed by a folded conductor arrangement;- the folded conductor arrangement has a folded conductor piece (10), which forms two subpieces that are of equal length and run parallel, the free endsof the conductor piece being connected to one another in a conducting manner;- the folded conductor arrangement enclosing with the parallel-running subpieces an antenna area (A) of the antenna loop, a total length of each of the subpieces being 1.75 to 3.5 times the periphery of the antenna area (A);- portions (12) of the conductor piece (10) that overlap when seen axially and/or radially are so closely adjacent to one another that the wavelength of the current distribution in the conductor piece (10) corresponds to at most 0.8 times the vacuum wavelength of the electromagnetic field generated by the current distribution; and- the total length of the conductor piece (10) or the total length of each of the subpieces of the folded conductor piece (10) corresponds to a wavelength or half wavelength of the current distribution in the conductor piece (10). - Antenna according to Claim 1, characterized in that the wavelength of the current distribution in the conductor piece (10) is not less than 0.2 times the vacuum wavelength of the electromagnetic field generated by the current distribution.
- Antenna according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the radial and/or axial distance between the radially and/or axially spaced apart portions (12) of the conductor piece (10) is 1 to 5 times the dimension of the conductor piece (10) in the direction of the distance being considered.
- Antenna according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the antenna area (A) is square or circular.
- Antenna according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the antenna area A is rectangular or oval.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10010936A DE10010936B4 (en) | 2000-03-06 | 2000-03-06 | antenna |
DE10010936 | 2000-03-06 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1134840A2 EP1134840A2 (en) | 2001-09-19 |
EP1134840A3 EP1134840A3 (en) | 2004-01-07 |
EP1134840B1 true EP1134840B1 (en) | 2017-10-04 |
Family
ID=7633741
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01103315.6A Expired - Lifetime EP1134840B1 (en) | 2000-03-06 | 2001-02-13 | Antenna |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1134840B1 (en) |
CZ (1) | CZ2001787A3 (en) |
DE (1) | DE10010936B4 (en) |
HU (1) | HUP0100955A2 (en) |
PL (1) | PL346283A1 (en) |
SK (1) | SK2762001A3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FI20012285A0 (en) * | 2001-11-22 | 2001-11-22 | Valtion Teknillinen | Remote Detector (RFID) optimized omnidirectional modified loop antenna |
US7239290B2 (en) * | 2004-09-14 | 2007-07-03 | Kyocera Wireless Corp. | Systems and methods for a capacitively-loaded loop antenna |
US7408517B1 (en) | 2004-09-14 | 2008-08-05 | Kyocera Wireless Corp. | Tunable capacitively-loaded magnetic dipole antenna |
US7427965B2 (en) | 2005-10-12 | 2008-09-23 | Kyocera Corporation | Multiple band capacitively-loaded loop antenna |
US7274338B2 (en) | 2005-10-12 | 2007-09-25 | Kyocera Corporation | Meander line capacitively-loaded magnetic dipole antenna |
US8991712B2 (en) | 2010-08-12 | 2015-03-31 | Féinics Amatech Teoranta | Coupling in and to RFID smart cards |
US8789762B2 (en) | 2010-08-12 | 2014-07-29 | Feinics Amatech Teoranta | RFID antenna modules and methods of making |
DE102015016233A1 (en) | 2015-12-16 | 2017-06-22 | Karl Storz Gmbh & Co. Kg | RFID transponder for a medical instrument and / or for an endoscope, medical instrument and / or endoscope and assembly method |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB157404A (en) * | 1919-12-02 | 1922-04-10 | Drahtlose Telegraphie Gmbh | Improvements in wireless receiving systems |
US3284801A (en) * | 1964-01-15 | 1966-11-08 | John J Bryant | Large loop antenna |
US4751515A (en) * | 1980-07-09 | 1988-06-14 | Corum James F | Electromagnetic structure and method |
DE8814993U1 (en) * | 1988-01-04 | 1989-03-02 | Oppermann, Richard, 7762 Ludwigshafen | Antenna unit consisting of antenna loop, capacitor and coupling |
DE19545394A1 (en) * | 1995-12-06 | 1997-06-12 | Ziegler Horst | Antenna unit |
-
2000
- 2000-03-06 DE DE10010936A patent/DE10010936B4/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-02-13 EP EP01103315.6A patent/EP1134840B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-02-27 SK SK276-2001A patent/SK2762001A3/en unknown
- 2001-03-02 CZ CZ2001787A patent/CZ2001787A3/en unknown
- 2001-03-05 HU HU0100955A patent/HUP0100955A2/en unknown
- 2001-03-06 PL PL01346283A patent/PL346283A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
None * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
HUP0100955A2 (en) | 2001-11-28 |
SK2762001A3 (en) | 2002-04-04 |
HU0100955D0 (en) | 2001-05-28 |
EP1134840A3 (en) | 2004-01-07 |
CZ2001787A3 (en) | 2002-04-17 |
PL346283A1 (en) | 2001-09-10 |
DE10010936A1 (en) | 2001-09-27 |
EP1134840A2 (en) | 2001-09-19 |
DE10010936B4 (en) | 2006-11-02 |
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