Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2201/02—Water
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
  • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
  • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2207/129—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of thirty or more carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/281—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic monocarboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/282—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/286—Esters of polymerised unsaturated acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
  • C10M2207/404—Fatty vegetable or animal oils obtained from genetically modified species
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2211/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2211/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen, and oxygen
  • C10M2211/044—Acids; Salts or esters thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2211/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2211/06—Perfluorinated compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
  • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
  • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2215/042—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Alkoxylated derivatives thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/26—Amines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/02—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds
  • C10M2219/024—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds of esters, e.g. fats
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/22—Metal working with essential removal of material, e.g. cutting, grinding or drilling
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/24—Metal working without essential removal of material, e.g. forming, gorging, drawing, pressing, stamping, rolling or extruding; Punching metal
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/241—Manufacturing joint-less pipes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/242—Hot working
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/243—Cold working
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
  • C10N2040/245—Soft metals, e.g. aluminum
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
  • C10N2040/246—Iron or steel
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
  • C10N2040/247—Stainless steel
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
  • C10N2050/01—Emulsions, colloids, or micelles

Definitions

• This invention relates to an emulsion with lubricating and cooling abilities, intended for use at deforming metal working, mainly machining by detachment of cuttings, but also suitable for deepdrawing and rolling.
• Fatty oils i.e. vegetable or animal oils and fats
• a cutting fluid in the form of a water-containing emulsion of the oil-in-water type, through which an improved cooling effect is achieved at the same time as the lubricating effect of the oil part is retained. Also, from an economic point of view, a water emulsion is considerably more favourable.
• emulsions can be prepared in ready-to-use concentrations, but from transportation and handling aspects it is more suitable to first prepare a concentrate, which later can be diluted with water by the user--the metal working industry.
• the object of this invention is to prepare a metal working emulsion, of the oil-in-water type, based on triglyceride oils, which is adequately stable, which can be unlimitedly diluted, and which at the same time has sufficiently good and lubricating properties, compared to those products used today, without having their undesirable environmental and health aspects.
• the present invention is thus a metal working emulsion consisting essentially of an oil phase dispersed in a continuous water phase wherein the oil phase comprises:
• the larger amounts of fatty components are used when preparing the emulsion concentrates, which, as mentioned earlier are usually prepared at the .[.manufacturers.]. .Iadd.manufacturer's .Iaddend.plant, and the lower amounts are used when preparing the ready-to-use emulsions.
• the fatty acid monoglyceride When preparing the oil phase the fatty acid monoglyceride, the fatty acid and the amine are dissolved in the triglyceride oil at a temperature of 40°-70° C.
• the water phase is prepared by dissolving the alkali soap at a temperature of 20°-70° C., preferably at 20°-40° C.
• the oil phase is slowly mixed into the water phase, while stirring, at a temperature of 20°-50° C.
• the homogenization is preferably carried out at a temperature of 40°-60° C. in a conventional homogenizer.
• the triglyceride oil may be animal or vegetable oil, or oil mixture, which has a solidifying point low enough to allow a convenient handling of the emulsion in the concentrated as well as the ready-to-use form, but which at the same time is mainly free from fatty acids like linolenic acid to avoid oxidation and polymerisation difficulties.
• the oil should therefore be preferably liquid at room temperature, and have an oleic acid content of at least 40%.
• suitable oils from a functional point of view, are olive oil, peanut oil and lobra oil (rapeseed oil with a low content of erucic acid). Also the lowest melting fractions of fractionated fats, like e.g. "palm olein", have been found excellent for this purpose.
• the fatty acid monoglyceride should be of the so called "soft product” type, i.e. have a melting point below 60° C.
• the best product is pure oleic acid monoglyceride, (mono-oleoglycerol), but also other commercial products can be used, as Dimodan S, a molecular distilled monoglyceride manufactured by Grindstedvaerket, Denmark, from edible, refined lard, with an approximate fatty acid composition of 30% palmitic acid, 18% stearic acid and 40% oleic acid.
• the surface activity also imparts a wetting effect, through which the lubricating effect of the oil increases.
• the fatty acid is preferably oleic acid.
• the requirements on this component are the same as on the oil and the monoglyceride: to be liquid at room temperature, that is to have a titer lower than 25° C., and not to contain substantial quantities of more unsaturated homologues.
• the fatty acid has shown to increase the lubricating effect substantially.
• the presence of fatty acid prevents the formation of odor at more severe machining operations, which is believed partly to result from the fatty acid's improvement of the lubricating effect and partly to be connected with the formation of soaps of amine and fatty acid.
• alkanolamine an amine with 2-4 carbon atoms in the alkanol-part is preferred.
• triethanolamine which as well as having good wetting and rust-preventing properties, also has the advantage of being dermatologically harmless, which is also evident in its wide use in cosmetic preparations.
• the amine can also be based on fatty raw materials, whereby the same good wetting and rust-preventing properties can be achieved.
• a fatty amine with 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the carbon chain can be used; especially suitable is dodecylamine.
• the fatty acid soap is suitably a sodium- or potassium salt of a fatty acid with 12-22 carbon atoms, usually 16 or 18 carbon atoms (palmitic- or stearic acid).
• Potassium stearate gives slightly better results than does sodium stearate, but if stearic soaps are to be used, de-ionized water must be used to prevent flocculation of calcium- and magnesium soaps.
• oleic acid soaps sodium or potassium
• the lubricating properties of the metal working emulsion can, if needed, be further increased by adding a slightly chlorinated and/or sulfurized triglyceride oil.
• a slightly chlorinated and/or sulfurized triglyceride oil are well compatible with the metal working emulsion according to the invention.
• Preferably 20-40% of the triglyceride oil is replaced by such components at extremely heavy operations.
• antioxidants are butyl hydroxyanisole, BHA, and butyl hydroxytoluene, BHT.
• BHA butyl hydroxyanisole
• BHT butyl hydroxytoluene
• Tenox 2 or Tenox 6 can be used. These agents are suitably added in an amount of 0.1-1.0 percent by weight .[.of.]. .Iadd.to .Iaddend.the concentrated emulsion.
• a formaldehyde releasing agent can be used e.g. Grotan BK, which is manufactured by Schulke & Mayr GmbH.
• the product is completely based on fatty oils or components of these. These oils are renewable, proenvironmental and bio-degradable.
• Products based on fatty oils present no difficulty from the standpoint of waste treatment.
• the fatty phase can easily be separated, and the remaining water doesn't require any special cleaning before discharge.
• the fatty phase can easily be separated by hydrolysis with known techniques, and the recovered fatty acids can be reused.
• the palm olein was a low melting fraction of palm oil.
• the content of oleic acid in the palm olein was 50%.
• the components of the oil phase were mixed at 60°-70° C.
• the soap was dissolved in water at 25° C., after which the oil phase was added slowly and while stirring to the water phase.
• the dispersion so obtained was thereafer homogenized at 50° C. in a homogenizer of conventional type.
• the emulsion concentrate could be diluted easily and unlimitedly with water of various hardness (0-12 dH). Both the emulsion concentrate and the diluted emulsions were stable during storage, i.e., the oil not having a tendency to separate.
• the product was tested in a dilution 1:10 in a multiple-spindle drilling machine in production, where the working operation was tapping in aluminum. After 1 month of working the function of the emulsion was unchanged, and completely comparable with the function of a conventional mineral oil based emulsion.
• a metal working emulsion was prepared for testing in a heavy loaded numerically controlled automatic lathe. Many iron-metals, e.g. cast iron and hardened tool-steel were worked by tools with a cutting edge of hard metal.
• the metal working emulsion was prepared as follows:
• the rapeseed oil was of the low erucic acid type with an oleic acid content of 52%.
• the technical monoglyceride had a content of 40% actual monoglyceride.
• the components in the oil phase were mixed at a temperature of 40°-50° C. Thereafter the oil phase was added slowly, while stirring, to the water phase. The dispersion obtained was homogenized at 50° C. in a conventional homogenizer equipment.
• the emulsion concentrate obtained in this way was diluted 1:15 in tap water and tested in an automatic lathe. After 3 months of running the function of the metal working emulsion was unchanged. The worked parts showed no tendencies of corrosion. The metal working emulsion caused no drying coatings; on the contrary, the machine surfaces were very easy to keep clean.
• This example is intended to illustrate the improved lubricating effect imparted to the emulsion by the fatty acid.
• the metal working emulsions were prepared from the following components:
• the rapeseed oil was of the low erucic acid type with an oleic acid content of 60%.
• the technical monoglyceride had a content of 40% actual monoglyceride.
• the components in the oil phase were mixed at 40°-50° C., and the sodium stearate was dissolved in the water phase at 60°-70° C. Thereafter the oil phase was added slowly to the water phase while stirring intensively, whereby a stable emulsion was obtained.
• the metal working emulsions prepared in this way were tested in a cylinder-grinding machine by working hardened tool-steel. It was found that regarding the surface fineness of the material, as well as the relative wear of the abrasive wheel, sample B (with fatty acid addition) have better results than sample A (without fatty acid addition). On the average, the surface fineness was 10% better and the relative wear of the abrasive wheel 30% lower with sample B than with sample A. The results were completely comparable with those obtained when using conventional mineral oil based emulsions without EP-additives.
• This example is intended to illustrate the improved wetting function obtained by adding triethanolamine to the emulsion.
• the rapeseed oil was of the low erucic acid type with an oleic acid content of 60%.
• a metal working emulsion was prepared according to Example 1 with the following ingredients:
• the metal working emulsion was tested for a longer period of time in a numerically controlled machine tool for drilling and tapping. In the machine toughened steel was worked with high speed tools.
• the machining results were compared to those obtained when a conventional cutting fluid of the emulsion type with EP-additives was used.
• the conventional cutting fluid was especially intended for heavy machining like drilling, tapping, thread cutting and deep drawing in different iron materials. Both cutting fluids were used in the same dilution, about 15 times, with ordinary tap water.
• the surface smoothness of the worked parts was equal for the conventional cutting fluid and for the cutting fluid according to this invention.
• the lifetime of the tools for the drilling operation was equally good.
• the lifetime with the cutting fluid according to this invention was even somewhat better than with the conventional cutting fluid.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)
• Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
• Confectionery (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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Cited By (5)

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Citations (7)

Family Cites Families (12)

• 1978
  • 1978-03-07 SE SE7802533A patent/SE415107B/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1979
  • 1979-02-26 NL NL7901522A patent/NL7901522A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1979-02-27 IT IT20594/79A patent/IT1113413B/it active
  • 1979-02-27 FR FR7904947A patent/FR2419317A1/fr active Granted
  • 1979-03-01 DE DE2907863A patent/DE2907863C2/de not_active Expired
  • 1979-03-05 CA CA322,726A patent/CA1115684A/en not_active Expired
  • 1979-03-05 PT PT69306A patent/PT69306A/pt unknown
  • 1979-03-05 LU LU80993A patent/LU80993A1/xx unknown
  • 1979-03-05 FI FI790735A patent/FI62680C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1979-03-06 ES ES478364A patent/ES478364A1/es not_active Expired
  • 1979-03-06 PL PL1979213922A patent/PL117140B1/pl unknown
  • 1979-03-06 DD DD79211404A patent/DD142204A5/de unknown
  • 1979-03-06 NO NO790748A patent/NO145622C/no unknown
  • 1979-03-06 AT AT0168279A patent/AT365630B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1979-03-06 DK DK93079A patent/DK93079A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1979-03-07 BE BE0/193878A patent/BE874665A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1979-03-07 GB GB7908077A patent/GB2016516B/en not_active Expired
  • 1979-03-07 CH CH221979A patent/CH639687A5/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1979-03-07 CS CS791538A patent/CS212712B2/cs unknown
• 1981
  • 1981-07-20 US US06/285,295 patent/USRE31242E/en not_active Expired - Lifetime

Patent Citations (7)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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