US9987884B2 - Tire having low rolling resistance - Google Patents

Tire having low rolling resistance Download PDF

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Publication number
US9987884B2
US9987884B2 US14/652,431 US201314652431A US9987884B2 US 9987884 B2 US9987884 B2 US 9987884B2 US 201314652431 A US201314652431 A US 201314652431A US 9987884 B2 US9987884 B2 US 9987884B2
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Prior art keywords
tread
rib
central part
blocks
less
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US20150328931A1 (en
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Bernard Guerinon
Eric Berger
Melaine GUILLOU
Bertrand BOISDON
Christine Nourry
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Compagnie Generale des Etablissements Michelin SCA
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Compagnie Generale des Etablissements Michelin SCA
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Publication of US20150328931A1 publication Critical patent/US20150328931A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C11/00—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts
    • B60C11/0041—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts comprising different tread rubber layers
    • B60C11/005—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts comprising different tread rubber layers with cap and base layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C1/00—Tyres characterised by the chemical composition or the physical arrangement or mixture of the composition
    • B60C1/0016—Compositions of the tread
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C11/00—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts
    • B60C11/0041—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts comprising different tread rubber layers
    • B60C11/005—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts comprising different tread rubber layers with cap and base layers
    • B60C11/0058—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts comprising different tread rubber layers with cap and base layers with different cap rubber layers in the axial direction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C11/00—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts
    • B60C11/03—Tread patterns
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C11/00—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts
    • B60C11/03—Tread patterns
    • B60C11/0304—Asymmetric patterns
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C11/00—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts
    • B60C11/03—Tread patterns
    • B60C11/11—Tread patterns in which the raised area of the pattern consists only of isolated elements, e.g. blocks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C5/00—Inflatable pneumatic tyres or inner tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C11/00—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts
    • B60C11/0008—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts characterised by the tread rubber
    • B60C2011/0016—Physical properties or dimensions
    • B60C2011/0025—Modulus or tan delta
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C11/00—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts
    • B60C11/0008—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts characterised by the tread rubber
    • B60C2011/0016—Physical properties or dimensions
    • B60C2011/0033—Thickness of the tread
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C11/00—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts
    • B60C11/03—Tread patterns
    • B60C11/12—Tread patterns characterised by the use of narrow slits or incisions, e.g. sipes
    • B60C11/1204—Tread patterns characterised by the use of narrow slits or incisions, e.g. sipes with special shape of the sipe
    • B60C2011/1209—Tread patterns characterised by the use of narrow slits or incisions, e.g. sipes with special shape of the sipe straight at the tread surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C11/00—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts
    • B60C11/03—Tread patterns
    • B60C11/12—Tread patterns characterised by the use of narrow slits or incisions, e.g. sipes
    • B60C11/1272—Width of the sipe
    • B60C2011/1286—Width of the sipe being different from sipe to sipe
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C11/00—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts
    • B60C11/03—Tread patterns
    • B60C11/12—Tread patterns characterised by the use of narrow slits or incisions, e.g. sipes
    • B60C2011/129—Sipe density, i.e. the distance between the sipes within the pattern
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C11/00—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts
    • B60C11/03—Tread patterns
    • B60C11/12—Tread patterns characterised by the use of narrow slits or incisions, e.g. sipes
    • B60C2011/129—Sipe density, i.e. the distance between the sipes within the pattern
    • B60C2011/1295—Sipe density, i.e. the distance between the sipes within the pattern variable
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/86—Optimisation of rolling resistance, e.g. weight reduction 
    • Y02T10/862—

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of tires for passenger vehicles and, more specifically, tires with low rolling resistance. It relates notably to the crowns of such tires.
  • the mass of the tires be reduced by reducing the thicknesses of material and the specific mass of the reinforcements (through the use of textile cords) or of the compositions, or by using reinforcements that allow certain volumes of internal compositions to be reduced, for example in the bead area.
  • Such tires are set out, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 6,082,423 and in the documents cited in that document.
  • Another way of reducing the mass of the tire is to reduce its overall dimensions.
  • One of the objects of the present invention is to define a passenger vehicle tire that has very low rolling resistance.
  • each bead comprising at least one annular reinforcing structure defining a median plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the tire and situated equidistant from the annular reinforcing structures of each bead,
  • a crown comprising a crown reinforcement radially surmounted by a sub-tread (also sometimes referred to as “tread sublayer” or “undertread layer”) extending across the entire axial width of the crown reinforcement and itself surmounted by a tread provided with a tread pattern formed of elements in relief, the tread having, in each radial section, a first axial edge and a second axial edge;
  • a sub-tread also sometimes referred to as “tread sublayer” or “undertread layer”
  • tread comprises
  • a central part made of at least one first rubber compound extending, in each radial section, on either side of the median plane, between a first axial end and a second axial end, the central part comprising at least one circumferential rib formed of a plurality of blocks separated by sipes so that the mean distance separating two adjacent blocks is less than 0.8 mm, the number of blocks being greater than or equal to 100;
  • a first lateral part made of at least one second rubber compound, extending from the first axial edge of the tread as far as the first axial end of the said central part, the first lateral part comprising at least one circumferential rib formed by a plurality of blocks separated by sipes so that the mean distance separating two adjacent blocks is greater than 0.8 mm and less than 5 mm (and preferably less than 2 mm), the number of blocks being less than the number of blocks that make up the said at least one circumferential rib of the central part; and
  • a second lateral part made of at least one third rubber compound, extending from the second axial edge of the tread as far as the second axial end of the said central part, the second lateral part comprising at least one circumferential rib formed by a plurality of blocks separated by sipes so that the mean distance separating two adjacent blocks is greater than 0.8 mm and less than 5 mm (and preferably less than 2 mm), the number of blocks being less than the number of blocks that make up the said at least one circumferential rib of the central part;
  • the said at least one second and third rubber compounds have a value of tan ⁇ at 23° C., at a frequency of 10 Hz and an elongation of 10%, which is less than 0.25;
  • Such a tire has a rolling resistance that is very low by comparison with a comparable conventional tire.
  • the sub-tread is made of at least one fourth rubber compound having a complex modulus G*(T) and a value of tan ⁇ at 23° C., at a frequency of 10 Hz and an elongation of 10%, which are such that its complex modulus G*(T) is less than the complex moduli G*(T) of the said at least one first, second and third rubber compounds for all temperatures T greater than or equal to 0° and less than or equal to 60° C., and that its value of tan ⁇ is less than the tan ⁇ value of the said at least one first, second and third rubber compounds.
  • the said at least one rib of the central part satisfies the following inequality: 0.90 ⁇ EC/RC ⁇ SLEC /(2 ⁇ RC ) ⁇ 1.10 ⁇ EC/RC
  • EC denotes the mean radial thickness of the tread measured at the rib of the central part
  • RC denotes the mean radius of the rib of the central part
  • SLEC denotes the sum of the mean circumferential widths of the sipes of the rib of the central part
  • each of the at least one ribs of the first and of the second lateral part satisfies the following inequality: 1.50 ⁇ EL/RL ⁇ SLEL /(2 ⁇ RL )
  • EL denotes the mean radial thickness of the tread measured at the rib of the lateral part
  • RL denotes the mean radius of the rib of the lateral part
  • SLEL denotes the sum of the mean circumferential widths of the sipes of the rib of the lateral part.
  • This embodiment makes it possible to reduce the rolling resistance even further by comparison with a comparable conventional tire.
  • the said at least one third rubber compound is identical to the said at least one second rubber compound.
  • This embodiment is advantageous because it has the effect of reducing the total number of different rubber compounds.
  • the boundary between the said central part and the said first and second lateral parts lies in a circumferential groove of the tread.
  • the boundary between the said central part and each of the said first and second lateral parts is formed of an interface surface, this interface surface being inclined with respect to the median plane so that in each radial section, the intersection of the interface surface with the radially outer surface of the tread is axially on the inside of the intersection of the interface surface with the surface of the tread in contact with the said sub-tread.
  • FIG. 1 depicts a tire according to the prior art.
  • FIG. 2 depicts a partial perspective view of a tire according to the prior art.
  • FIG. 3 depicts, in radial section, a reference tire.
  • FIG. 4 depicts the crown of the reference tire of FIG. 3
  • FIG. 5 depicts, in radial section, the crown of a tire according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate how the axial edge of a tread is determined.
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 depict part of the tread of the reference tire and of a tire according to an embodiment of the invention, viewed from a standpoint radially on the outside of the tread.
  • FIG. 10 depicts a section along the median plane of the tire of FIG. 5 and illustrates how certain parameters of a tire according to an embodiment of the invention are determined.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates certain measurements used to characterize a tire according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the expression refers to a radius of the tire. It is in this sense that a point P 1 is said to be “radially inside” a point P 2 (or “radially on the inside of” the point P 2 ) if it is closer to the axis of rotation of the tire than is the point P 2 . Conversely, a point P 3 is said to be “radially outside” a point P 4 (or “radially on the outside of” the point P 4 ) if it is further away from the axis of rotation of the tire than is the point P 4 . Progress will be said to be “radially inwards (or outwards)” when it is in the direction towards smaller (or larger) radii. It is this sense of the term that applies also when matters of radial distances are being discussed.
  • a thread or a reinforcement is said to be “radial” when the thread or the reinforcing elements of the reinforcement make an angle greater than or equal to 80° and less than or equal to 90° with the circumferential direction.
  • the term “thread” is to be understood in a very general sense and comprises threads in the form of monofilaments, multifilaments, cords, folded yarns or equivalent assemblies, irrespective of the material of which the thread is made or of any surface treatment it may have received in order to enhance its bonding with the rubber compound in which it is embedded.
  • a “radial section” or “radial cross section” here means a section or a cross section on a plane containing the axis of rotation of the tire.
  • An “axial” direction is a direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the tire.
  • a point P 5 is said to be “axially inside” a point P 6 (or “axially on the inside of” the point P 6 ) if it is closer to the median plane of the tire than is the point P 6 .
  • a point P 7 is said to be “axially outside” a point P 8 (or “axially on the outside of” the point P 8 ) if it is further away from the median plane of the tire than is the point P 8 .
  • the “median plane” of the tire is the plane which is perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the tire and which lies equal distances from the annular reinforcing structures of each bead.
  • tire half has a broader meaning and denotes a portion of the tire that has an axial width of close to half the axial width of the tire.
  • a “circumferential” direction is a direction which is perpendicular both to a radius of the tire and to the axial direction.
  • the “rolling surface” of a tread in this document denotes all those points on the tread that come into contact with the ground when the tire—inflated to its service pressure—is running along the ground.
  • rubber compound denotes a compound of rubber containing at least one elastomer and a filler.
  • test ⁇ denotes a dynamic property well known to those skilled in the art. This property is measured on a Metravib VA4000 viscoanalyser on test specimens moulded from uncured compositions or on test specimens which have been bonded from cured compositions. Test specimens such as those described in Standard ASTM D 5992-96 (the version published in September 2006, initially approved in 1996) in Figure X2.1 (circular embodiment) are used.
  • the diameter “d” of the test specimen is 10 mm (it therefore has a circular cross section of 78.5 mm 2 ), the thickness “L” of each of the portions of rubber composition is 2 mm, giving a “d/L” ratio of 5 (in contrast with Standard ISO 2856 mentioned in the ASTM Standard, paragraph X2.4, which recommends a d/L value of 2).
  • the response of a test specimen of vulcanized rubber composition subjected to a simple alternating sinusoidal shear loading at a frequency of 10 Hz and a stabilized temperature at the recommended value (for example, 23° C.) is recorded.
  • the test specimen is loaded symmetrically about its equilibrium position.
  • the sweep covers amplitudes of deformation from 0.1% to 50% (peak-peak; on the outward cycle; 12 measurement points), then from 50% to 0.1% (peak-peak; on the return cycle; 11 measurement points).
  • the dynamic shear elastic modulus (or “dynamic modulus”; G′) and the viscous shear modulus (G′′) on the return cycle, together with the loss factor “tan ⁇ ”, which corresponds to the ration G′′/G′, are calculated.
  • FIG. 1 schematically depicts a tire 10 according to the prior art.
  • the tire 10 comprises a crown comprising a crown reinforcement (not visible in FIG. 1 ) surmounted by a tread 40 , two sidewalls 30 extending the crown radially inwards, and two beads 20 radially on the inside of the sidewalls 30 .
  • FIG. 2 schematically depicts a partial perspective view of another tire 10 according to the prior art and illustrates the various components of the tire.
  • the tire 10 comprises a carcass reinforcement 60 made up of threads 61 coated in rubber compound, and two beads 20 each comprising circumferential reinforcements 70 (in this instance bead wires) which hold the tire 10 on the rim (not depicted).
  • the carcass reinforcement 60 is anchored in each of the beads 20 .
  • the tire 10 further comprises a crown reinforcement comprising two plies 80 and 90 .
  • Each of the plies 80 and 90 is reinforced with threadlike reinforcing elements 81 and 91 which are parallel within each layer and crossed from one layer to the other, making angles of between 10° and 70° with the circumferential direction.
  • the tire further comprises a hooping reinforcement 100 , situated radially on the outside of the crown reinforcement, this hooping reinforcement being made up of reinforcing elements 101 directed circumferentially and wound in a spiral.
  • a tread 40 is laid on the hooping reinforcement; it is this tread 40 via which the tire 10 makes contact with the road.
  • the tire 10 depicted is a “tubeless” tire; it comprises an “inner liner” 50 made of a rubber compound that is impervious to the inflating gas, covering the interior surface of the tire.
  • FIG. 3 depicts, in radial section, a portion of a reference tire 10 .
  • This is a tire of the “Energy Saver” type marketed by Michelin, of size 205/55 R16.
  • FIG. 4 depicts the crown of this same tire.
  • the tire 10 notably comprises two beads 20 intended to come into contact with a mounting rim (not depicted), each bead comprising at least one annular reinforcing structure 70 (in this instance a bead wire) defining a median plane 200 perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the tire (not depicted) and situated equidistant from the annular reinforcing structures of each bead.
  • the tire 10 also comprises two side walls 30 extending the beads 20 radially outwards, the two sidewalls meeting in a crown comprising a crown reinforcement formed by two plies 80 and 90 , which is radially surmounted by a sub-tread 35 (shown in FIG. 4 ) extending across the entire axial width of the crown reinforcement.
  • the sub-tread 35 is surmounted by a tread 40 (see FIG. 4 ) provided with a tread pattern formed of elements in relief.
  • the tread 40 in each radial section, has a first axial edge 45 and a second axial edge 46 (see FIG. 4 ).
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 show the profile of part of the tread 40 and part of the sidewall 30 adjacent to it.
  • the transition from the tread to the sidewall is clear-cut, as in the case depicted in FIG. 6 , and the axial edge 45 of the tread 40 can be determined intuitively.
  • FIG. 7 there are tire designs in which the transition between tread and sidewall is continuous. An example is given in FIG. 7 .
  • the edge of the tread is then determined as follows. The tangent to the surface of the tire is plotted, in a radial section of the tire, for every point of the surface in the transition zone between the tread and the sidewall.
  • the axial edge is the point at which the angle ⁇ (alpha) between the said tangent and an axial direction is equal to 30°.
  • the point adopted is the radially outermost point. In the case of the tread depicted in FIG. 4 , the axial edges 45 and 46 have been determined in this way.
  • the tread comprises a central part (bearing the reference I in FIG. 8 ) comprising two circumferential ribs 121 and 122 (see FIG. 4 ) and two lateral parts (bearing the references II and III in FIG. 8 ) each comprising one circumferential rib 131 and 141 ( FIG. 4 ).
  • the entire tread is made from the same rubber compound. Table I summarises certain characteristics of the rubber compounds used for the sub-tread 35 and the tread 40 .
  • the two ribs of the central part are formed of a plurality of blocks 1210 and 1220 separated by sipes; the mean distance E separating two adjacent blocks is equal to 0.8 mm, and the number of blocks in each rib is equal to 80.
  • the ribs 131 and 141 of the two lateral parts are formed of a plurality of blocks 1310 and 1410 separated by sipes; the mean distance E separating two adjacent blocks is equal to 5.4 mm, and the number of blocks in each rib is equal to 80.
  • FIG. 5 depicts the crown of a tire 10 according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the parts (sidewall and bead) that have not been depicted are identical to those of the reference tire depicted in FIG. 3 .
  • FIG. 9 depicts part of the tread of this tire 10 , from a standpoint radially on the outside of the tread.
  • the tread comprises a central part I ( FIG. 9 ) made of a first rubber compound and extending, in each radial section, on either side of the median plane, between a first axial end and a second axial end.
  • the central part comprises three circumferential ribs 121 , 122 and 123 ( FIG. 5 ) each of which is formed of a plurality of blocks (like the block 1210 of the groove 121 of FIG. 9 ), separated by sipes.
  • the mean distance E separating two adjacent blocks is equal to 0.3 mm, and the number of blocks is equal to 200.
  • the tread comprises a first lateral part II ( FIG. 9 ) made of a second rubber composition and extending from the first axial edge 45 of the tread (see FIG. 5 ) as far as the first axial end of the central part.
  • the first lateral part II comprises a circumferential rib 131 ( FIG. 5 ) formed of a plurality of blocks ( 1310 ) (see FIG. 9 ), separated by sipes.
  • the mean distance E separating two adjacent blocks is equal to 1 mm, the number of blocks is less than the number of blocks that make up the said at least one circumferential rib of the central part; in this instance it is equal to 100.
  • the tread further comprises a second lateral part III ( FIG. 9 ) made of a third rubber compound (in this instance identical to the second rubber compound) and extending from the second axial edge 46 of the tread (see FIG. 5 ) as far as the second axial end of the central part.
  • the second lateral part III comprises a circumferential rib 141 ( FIG. 5 ) formed of a plurality of blocks 1410 (see FIG. 9 ), separated by sipes.
  • the mean distance E separating two adjacent blocks is equal to 1 mm, the number of blocks is less than the number of blocks that make up the said at least one circumferential rib of the central part; in this instance it is equal to 100.
  • the boundaries between the central part I and the first and second lateral parts II and III lie in circumferential grooves of the tread.
  • Table II gives, by way of example, the formulation of rubber compounds that can be used to make the tread and a sub-tread of a tire according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the formulation is given in phr (“per hundred rubber”), namely in parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of elastomer.
  • G* (10 Hz/10%/23° C.) and tan ⁇ (10%/23° C.) are likewise given.
  • BR1, BR2 and BR3 denote the said first, second and third rubber compounds
  • BR-T denotes a reference compound
  • SC denotes the rubber compound of the sub-tread and SC-T a reference sub-tread compound.
  • CBS N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazyl-sulphenamide
  • the rubber composition is preferably based on at least one diene elastomer, a reinforcing filler and a crosslinking system.
  • a “diene” elastomer (used interchangeably with the word rubber) means, in the known way, an elastomer derived at least in part (i.e. a homopolymer or a copolymer) of diene monomers which means monomers carrying two carbon-carbon double bonds, conjugated or otherwise.
  • the diene elastomer used is preferably selected from the group consisting of polybutadienes (BR), natural rubber (NR), synthetic polyisoprenes (IR), butadiene-stirene copolymers (SBR), isoprene-butadiene copolymers (BIR), isoprene-stirene copolymers (SIR), butadiene-stirene-isoprene copolymers (SBIR) and blends of these elastomers.
  • BR polybutadienes
  • NR natural rubber
  • IR synthetic polyisoprenes
  • SBR butadiene-stirene copolymers
  • BIR isoprene-butadiene copolymers
  • SIR isoprene-stirene copolymers
  • SBIR butadiene-stirene-isoprene copolymers
  • an “isoprene” elastomer which means a homopolymer or copolymer of isoprene, in other words a diene elastomer selected from the group consisting of natural rubber (NR), synthetic polyisoprenes (IR), the various copolymers of isoprene and blends of these elastomers.
  • NR natural rubber
  • IR synthetic polyisoprenes
  • the isoprene elastomer is preferably natural rubber or a synthetic polyisoprene of cis-1,4 type.
  • synthetic polyisoprenes use is preferably made of polyisoprenes that have a cis-1,4 bonds content (mol %) higher than 90%, more preferably still, higher than 95%.
  • the diene elastomer may consist, in full or in part, of another diene elastomer such as, for example, an SBR elastomer (E-SBR or S-SBR) used cut or otherwise with another elastomer, for example of the BR type.
  • E-SBR or S-SBR SBR elastomer
  • the rubber composition may also contain all or some of the additives conventionally used in rubber matrices intended for the manufacture of tires, such as, for example, reinforcing fillers such as carbon black or inorganic fillers such as silica, coupling agents for inorganic filler, anti-ageing agents, antioxidants, plasticizers or extension oils, whether the latter are of aromatic or non-aromatic nature (notably oils which are very weakly or not at all aromatic, for example of the naphthene or paraffin oil type, of high or preferably low viscosity, MES or TDAE oils), plasticizing resins with a high Tg above 30° C.), processability agents to aid the processing of compositions in the uncured state, tackifying resins, a crosslinking system based either on sulphur or on donors of sulphur and/or peroxide, vulcanization activators or retardants or accelerators, anti-reversion agents, methylene acceptors and donors such as, for example HMT (hexamethylenetetra
  • compositions are produced in suitable mills using two successive preparation phases well known to those skilled in the art: a first phase of thermomechanical kneading or working (the phase referred to as the “non-productive” phase) at high temperature, up to a maximum temperature of between 110° C. and 190° C., preferably between 130° C. and 180° C., followed by a second phase of mechanical work (phase referred to as the “productive” phase) down to a lower temperature, typically of less than 110° C., during which finishing phase the crosslinking system is incorporated.
  • the non-productive phase is performed in a single thermomechanical step lasting a few minutes (for example between 2 and 10 min) during which all the necessary basic constituents and other additives apart from the crosslinking or vulcanization system are introduced into a suitable mill such as a conventional internal mixer.
  • a suitable mill such as a conventional internal mixer.
  • the vulcanization system is then incorporated in an external mixer such as an open mill, kept at a low temperature (for example of between 30° C. and 100° C.).
  • the mixture is then mixed (productive phase) for a few minutes (for example between 5 and 15 min).
  • the final composition thus obtained is then calendered, for example into the form of a sheet or plate for characterizing, or is alternatively extruded, to form the tread or the sub-tread used in a tire according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Vulcanization (or curing) can then be carried out in the known way at a temperature generally of between 130° C. and 200° C., preferably under pressure, for a sufficient length of time which may vary for example between 5 and 90 min notably depending on the curing temperature, on the vulcanization system adopted and on the vulcanization dynamics of the composition in question.
  • EC denote the mean radial thickness of the tread measured at the rib of the central part
  • RC denote the mean radius of the rib of the central part
  • SLEC denotes the sum of the mean circumferential widths of the sipes of the rib of the central part. These widths must not be confused with the mean distances E mentioned earlier. As suggested by FIG. 11 , which depicts part of a central rib, these distances correspond to the geometric distance between the walls of two adjacent blocks 1210 , whereas the mean circumferential widths are determined in a circumferential direction 150 . If DC 1 , DC 2 . . .
  • DC N denote the circumferential widths of the sipes between the N blocks that make up the rib
  • SLEC is defined as the sum DC 1 +DC 2 + . . . +DC N .
  • the measurements EL, RL and SLEL for the ribs of the lateral parts of the tread are defined in the same way.
  • the tire according to an embodiment of the invention satisfies the criteria 0.90 ⁇ EC/RC ⁇ SLEC/(2 ⁇ RC) ⁇ 1.10 ⁇ EC/RC and 1.50 ⁇ EL/RL ⁇ SLEL/(2 ⁇ RL) whereas the reference tire satisfies only the second criterion.
  • a tire according to an embodiment of the invention corresponding to the tire depicted in FIG. 5 (using the compositions BR1, BR2, BR3 and SC of Table II), and a reference tire corresponding to the tire depicted in FIG. 4 (using the compounds BR-T and SC-T of Table II) were compared in terms of running (size investigated: 205/55 R16).
  • the tire according to an embodiment of the invention improved rolling resistance by 1.0 kg per tonne by comparison with the reference tire, for the same cornering stiffness, when used under the same load and at the same tire inflation pressure.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Tires In General (AREA)
US14/652,431 2012-12-14 2013-12-11 Tire having low rolling resistance Active 2034-10-29 US9987884B2 (en)

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FR1262084 2012-12-14
FR1262084A FR2999473B1 (fr) 2012-12-14 2012-12-14 Pneumatique ayant une basse resistance au roulement
US201361776005P 2013-03-11 2013-03-11
PCT/EP2013/076161 WO2014090845A1 (fr) 2012-12-14 2013-12-11 Pneumatique à faible résistance au roulement
US14/652,431 US9987884B2 (en) 2012-12-14 2013-12-11 Tire having low rolling resistance

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US20150328931A1 US20150328931A1 (en) 2015-11-19
US9987884B2 true US9987884B2 (en) 2018-06-05

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EP (1) EP2931535B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP6283883B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR20150094728A (fr)
CN (1) CN104853935B (fr)
BR (1) BR112015013844A2 (fr)
FR (1) FR2999473B1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2015128291A (fr)
WO (1) WO2014090845A1 (fr)

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US11518194B2 (en) 2016-06-30 2022-12-06 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Tire comprising a tread containing reinforcing elements
US11697310B2 (en) 2016-12-13 2023-07-11 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Tire comprising a tread containing reinforcing elements

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BR112016000234B1 (pt) * 2013-07-16 2021-08-24 Pirelli Tyre S.P.A Pneu de carro
USD755116S1 (en) * 2014-09-18 2016-05-03 Fortune Gold Enterprises Ltd. Tire
FR3042739B1 (fr) * 2015-10-27 2017-11-24 Michelin & Cie Pneumatique a couches de travail comprenant des monofilaments et a bande de roulement rainuree
WO2017074410A1 (fr) * 2015-10-30 2017-05-04 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Bande de roulement de pneu avec lamelles en forme de perle et zones de rigidité variable
US20190061425A1 (en) * 2017-08-30 2019-02-28 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Pneumatic tire
CN111148642B (zh) * 2017-09-28 2021-07-27 米其林集团总公司 带有轴向交替橡胶化合物的卡车轮胎胎面
WO2019092365A1 (fr) * 2017-11-07 2019-05-16 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Pneu ayant une bande de roulement combinant des incisions inclinees avec un materiau specifique
CN111295298B (zh) * 2017-11-07 2022-03-15 米其林集团总公司 具有结合倾斜刀槽和特定材料的胎面的轮胎
US11541691B2 (en) 2018-12-19 2023-01-03 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Composite tread with targeted stiffness gradient and method of making
US11993110B2 (en) * 2018-12-19 2024-05-28 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Reinforced tread and method of forming
JP2021063175A (ja) * 2019-10-15 2021-04-22 住友ゴム工業株式会社 タイヤ用組成物及びタイヤ
FR3102091A1 (fr) * 2019-10-22 2021-04-23 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Pneumatique à bande de roulement perfectionnée
CN115551722A (zh) 2020-05-13 2022-12-30 米其林集团总公司 寿命末期具有改进的在湿地面上的抓地性的轮胎
JP2022089495A (ja) * 2020-12-04 2022-06-16 住友ゴム工業株式会社 空気入りタイヤ
JP7520294B2 (ja) * 2022-06-24 2024-07-23 住友ゴム工業株式会社 タイヤ

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11518194B2 (en) 2016-06-30 2022-12-06 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Tire comprising a tread containing reinforcing elements
US11697310B2 (en) 2016-12-13 2023-07-11 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Tire comprising a tread containing reinforcing elements

Also Published As

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FR2999473B1 (fr) 2015-03-20
US20150328931A1 (en) 2015-11-19
CN104853935A (zh) 2015-08-19
JP2016501158A (ja) 2016-01-18
KR20150094728A (ko) 2015-08-19
RU2015128291A (ru) 2017-01-18
CN104853935B (zh) 2016-10-26
JP6283883B2 (ja) 2018-02-28
EP2931535A1 (fr) 2015-10-21
FR2999473A1 (fr) 2014-06-20
EP2931535B1 (fr) 2017-02-08
BR112015013844A2 (pt) 2017-07-11
WO2014090845A1 (fr) 2014-06-19

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