US9855286B2 - Pharmaceutical composition comprising (1r,4r)-6′-fluoro-N,N-di methyl-4-phenyl-4′,9′-dihydro-3′H-spiro[cyclohexane-1,1′-pyrano-[3,4,b]indol]-4-amine and a salicylic acid component - Google Patents

Pharmaceutical composition comprising (1r,4r)-6′-fluoro-N,N-di methyl-4-phenyl-4′,9′-dihydro-3′H-spiro[cyclohexane-1,1′-pyrano-[3,4,b]indol]-4-amine and a salicylic acid component Download PDF

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US9855286B2
US9855286B2 US13/892,813 US201313892813A US9855286B2 US 9855286 B2 US9855286 B2 US 9855286B2 US 201313892813 A US201313892813 A US 201313892813A US 9855286 B2 US9855286 B2 US 9855286B2
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active ingredient
pharmacologically active
dosage form
pharmaceutical dosage
pain
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US20130317076A1 (en
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Stefanie Frosch
Klaus Linz
Klaus Schiene
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Gruenenthal GmbH
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Gruenenthal GmbH
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/60—Salicylic acid; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/612—Salicylic acid; Derivatives thereof having the hydroxy group in position 2 esterified, e.g. salicylsulfuric acid
    • A61K31/616—Salicylic acid; Derivatives thereof having the hydroxy group in position 2 esterified, e.g. salicylsulfuric acid by carboxylic acids, e.g. acetylsalicylic acid
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
    • A61K31/407—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil condensed with other heterocyclic ring systems, e.g. ketorolac, physostigmine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/60—Salicylic acid; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
    • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
    • A61P19/02—Drugs for skeletal disorders for joint disorders, e.g. arthritis, arthrosis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/02—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for peripheral neuropathies
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/04—Centrally acting analgesics, e.g. opioids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K2300/00—Mixtures or combinations of active ingredients, wherein at least one active ingredient is fully defined in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a first pharmacologically active ingredient selected from (1r,4r)-6′-fluoro-N,N-dimethyl-4-phenyl-4′,9′-dihydro-3′H-spiro[cyclohexane-1,1′-pyrano[3,4,b]indol]-4-amine and the physiologically acceptable salts thereof, and a second pharmacologically active ingredient which is a salicylic acid component selected from the group consisting of acetylsalicylic acid, salicylic acid, salicylamide, ethenzamide, salsalate, dipyrocetyl, benorilate, diflunisal, guacetisal, and the physiologically acceptable salts thereof.
  • a first pharmacologically active ingredient selected from (1r,4r)-6′-fluoro-N,N-dimethyl-4-phenyl-4′,9′-dihydro-3′H-
  • the compounds exhibit analgesic properties and are particularly suitable for the treatment of acute, visceral, neuropathic or chronic (nociceptive) pain.
  • Salicylic acid and its derivatives are widely used as analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic drugs.
  • two pharmacologically active compounds exerting a synergistic effect may be combined in one single pharmaceutical dosage form, e.g. a tablet, thus enhancing patient compliance.
  • compositions which have advantages compared to pharmaceutical compositions of the prior art.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions should provide rapid therapeutic effects, but also should have a high tolerability, good compliance and safety.
  • FIG. 1 shows the withdrawal threshold in g in dependence of the time elapsed after administration.
  • FIG. 2 shows % MPE (Maximum possible effect) of the first and the second pharmacologically active ingredient and of the combined administration of the first and the second pharmacologically active ingredient, and the theoretical % MPE of the combined administration of the first and the second pharmacologically active ingredient in dependence of the time post administration.
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising (1r,4r)-6′-fluoro-N,N-dimethyl-4-phenyl-4′,9′-dihydro-3′H-spiro[cyclohexane-1,1′-pyrano[3,4,b]indol]-4-amine and a salicyclic acid component, such as acetylsalicylic acid, is useful for the treatment of acute and chronic pain.
  • said pharmaceutical composition exhibits a synergistic therapeutic effect upon administration. Therefore, the overall administered dose may be lowered, so that fewer undesired side-effects will occur.
  • a first aspect of the invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising:
  • the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention comprises a first pharmacologically active ingredient selected from (1r,4r)-6′-fluoro-N,N-dimethyl-4-phenyl-4′,9′-dihydro-3′H-spiro[cyclohexane-1,1′-pyrano[3,4,b]indol]-4-amine and the physiologically acceptable salts thereof.
  • (1r,4r)-6′-fluoro-N,N-dimethyl-4-phenyl-4′,9′-dihydro-3′H-spiro[cyclohexane-1,1′-pyrano[3,4,b]indol]-4-amine is the compound according to formula (I) which can also be referred to as 1,1-(3-dimethylamino-3-phenylpentamethylene)-6-fluoro-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indole (trans)
  • the definition of the first pharmacologically active ingredient includes (1r,4r)-6′-fluoro-N,N-dimethyl-4-phenyl-4′,9′-dihydro-3′H-spiro[cyclohexane-1,1′-pyrano-[3,4,b]indol]-4-amine in form of the free base, i.e. the compound according to formula (I), in any possible form including solvates, cocrystals and polymorphs, and its physiologically acceptable salts, in particular acid addition salts and corresponding solvates, cocrystals and polymorphs.
  • the pharmacologically active ingredient (1r,4r)-6′-fluoro-N,N-dimethyl-4-phenyl-4′,9′-dihydro-3′H-spiro[cyclohexane-1,1′-pyrano[3,4,b]indol]-4-amine may be present in the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention in form of a physiologically acceptable salt, preferably an acid addition salt, whereby any suitable acid capable of forming such an addition salt may be used.
  • Suitable acids include but are not limited to hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, methanesulfonic acid, formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, mandelic acid, fumaric acid, lactic acid, citric acid, glutamic acid and/or aspartic acid.
  • Salt formation is preferably effected in a solvent, for example, diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, alkyl acetates, acetone and/or 2-butanone.
  • trimethylchlorosilane in aqueous solution is also suitable for the preparation of hydrochlorides.
  • the first pharmacologically active ingredient is (1r,4r)-6′-fluoro-N,N-dimethyl-4-phenyl-4′,9′-dihydro-3′H-spiro[cyclohexane-1,1′-pyrano[3,4,b]indol]-4-amine in form of the free base, i.e. the compound according to formula (I).
  • the first pharmacologically active ingredient is (1r,4r)-6′-fluoro-N,N-dimethyl-4-phenyl-4′,9′-dihydro-3′H-spiro[cyclohexane-1,1′-pyrano[3,4,b]indol]-4-amine in form of a physiologically acceptable acid addition salt, in particular the hydrochloride, hemicitrate or maleate salt.
  • the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention comprises a second pharmacologically active ingredient which is a salicylic acid component selected from the group consisting of acetylsalicylic acid, salicylic acid, salicylamide, ethenzamide, salsalate, dipyrocetyl, benorilate, diflunisal, guacetisal, and the physiologically acceptable salts thereof.
  • a salicylic acid component selected from the group consisting of acetylsalicylic acid, salicylic acid, salicylamide, ethenzamide, salsalate, dipyrocetyl, benorilate, diflunisal, guacetisal, and the physiologically acceptable salts thereof.
  • the definition of the second pharmacologically active ingredient includes the aforementioned salicylic acid components in any possible form including solvates, cocrystals and polymorphs, and their physiologically acceptable salts, in particular metal salts, quaternary ammonium salts; N-heteroarylium salts and amino acid salts, and corresponding solvates, cocrystals and polymorphs.
  • Acetylsalicylic acid, salicylic acid, salsalate, dipyrocetyl, and diflunisal contain a free carboxylic acid group and may be converted into a corresponding salt, in particular metal salts, quaternary ammonium salt; N-heteroarylium salt or amino acid salt, in a manner well known to those skilled in the art, for example, via reaction with a suitable base or amino acid.
  • Suitable bases include but are not limited to inorganic bases, including the hydroxides of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, aluminium and zinc; and organic bases, such as triethyl amine, trimethylamine, N,N-diisopropylethylamine, N-methylmorpholine, morpholine, N-methylpiperidine, imidazole and ammonia.
  • organic bases such as triethyl amine, trimethylamine, N,N-diisopropylethylamine, N-methylmorpholine, morpholine, N-methylpiperidine, imidazole and ammonia.
  • suitable amino acid lysine may be used.
  • Salt formation is preferably effected in a solvent, for example, diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, alkyl acetates, acetone and/or 2-butanone.
  • the second pharmacologically active ingredient is selected from the group consisting of acetylsalicylic acid, salicylic acid, salsalate, dipyrocetyl, diflunisal, and the physiologically acceptable salts thereof; in particular metals salts, including sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium aluminium and zinc salts; quaternary ammonium salts, e.g. derived from morpholine or choline, N-heteroarylium salts, e.g. derived from imidazole; and amino acid salts thereof.
  • the second pharmacologically active ingredient is selected from salicylamide and ethenzamide, and the physiologically acceptable salts thereof.
  • the second pharmacologically active ingredient is selected from acetylsalicyclic acid and the physiologically acceptable salts, in particular metals salts, including sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium aluminium and zinc salts; quaternary ammonium salts, e.g. derived from morpholine or choline, N-heteroarylium salts, e.g. derived from imidazole; and amino acid salts thereof; aluminium-bis(acetylsalicylat)-hydroxid, calcium-bis(O-acetylsalicylat) and lysin-acetylsalicylat are especially preferred.
  • metals salts including sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium aluminium and zinc salts
  • quaternary ammonium salts e.g. derived from morpholine or choline
  • N-heteroarylium salts e.g. derived from imidazole
  • amino acid salts thereof aluminium-bis(acetylsalicy
  • the first pharmacologically active ingredient is (1r,4r)-6′-fluoro-N,N-dimethyl-4-phenyl-4′,9′-dihydro-3′H-spiro[cyclohexane-1,1′-pyrano[3,4,b]indol]-4-amine in form of the free base, i.e. the compound according to formula (I), and the second pharmacologically active ingredient is selected from the group consisting of acetylsalicylic acid, salicylic acid, salsalate, dipyrocetyl, and diflunisal, and the physiologically acceptable salts thereof.
  • the first pharmacologically active ingredient is (1r,4r)-6′-fluoro-N,N-dimethyl-4-phenyl-4′,9′-dihydro-3′H-spiro[cyclohexane-1,1′-pyrano[3,4,b]indol]-4-amine in form of a physiologically acceptable acid addition salt, in particular the hydrochloride, hemicitrate or maleate salt, and the second pharmacologically active ingredient is selected from the group consisting of acetylsalicylic acid, salicylic acid, salsalate, dipyrocetyl, and diflunisal, and the physiologically acceptable salts thereof.
  • the first pharmacologically active ingredient is (1r,4r)-6′-fluoro-N,N-dimethyl-4-phenyl-4′,9′-dihydro-3′H-spiro[cyclohexane-1,1′-pyrano[3,4,b]indol]-4-amine in form of the free base, i.e. the compound according to formula (I), and the second pharmacologically active ingredient is selected from acetylsalicylic acid and the physiologically acceptable salts thereof.
  • the first pharmacologically active ingredient is (1r,4r)-6′-fluoro-N,N-dimethyl-4-phenyl-4′,9′-dihydro-3′H-spiro[cyclohexane-1,1′-pyrano[3,4,b]indol]-4-amine in form of a physiologically acceptable acid addition salt, in particular the hydrochloride, hemicitrate or maleate salt, and the second pharmacologically active ingredient is selected from acetylsalicylic acid and the physiologically acceptable salts thereof.
  • the first pharmacologically active ingredient is (1r,4r)-6′-fluoro-N,N-dimethyl-4-phenyl-4′,9′-dihydro-3′H-spiro[cyclohexane-1,1′-pyrano[3,4,b]indol]-4-amine in form of the free base, i.e. the compound according to formula (I), and the second pharmacologically active ingredient is acetylsalicylic acid.
  • the first pharmacologically active ingredient is (1r,4r)-6′-fluoro-N,N-dimethyl-4-phenyl-4′,9′-dihydro-3′H-spiro[cyclohexane-1,1′-pyrano[3,4,b]indol]-4-amine in form of a physiologically acceptable acid addition salt, in particular the hydrochloride, hemicitrate or maleate salt, and the second pharmacologically active ingredient is acetylsalicylic acid.
  • the first pharmacologically active ingredient is (1r,4r)-6′-fluoro-N,N-dimethyl-4-phenyl-4′,9′-dihydro-3′H-spiro[cyclohexane-1,1′-pyrano[3,4,b]indol]-4-amine in form of the free base, i.e. the compound according to formula (I), and the second pharmacologically active ingredient is acetylsalicylic acid in form of a physiologically acceptable salt, preferably metal salt, quaternary ammonium salt, N-heteroarylium salt or amino acid salt.
  • a physiologically acceptable salt preferably metal salt, quaternary ammonium salt, N-heteroarylium salt or amino acid salt.
  • the first pharmacologically active ingredient is (1r,4r)-6′-fluoro-N,N-dimethyl-4-phenyl-4′,9′-dihydro-3′H-spiro[cyclohexane-1,1′-pyrano[3,4,b]indol]-4-amine in form of a physiologically acceptable acid addition salt, in particular the hydrochloride, hemicitrate or maleate salt, and the second pharmacologically active ingredient is acetylsalicylic acid in form of a physiologically acceptable salt, preferably metal salt, quaternary ammonium salt, N-heteroarylium salt or amino acid salt.
  • the second pharmacologically active ingredient contains a carboxyl group, it may react with the first pharmacologically active ingredient according to formula (I) forming a salt which incorporates both pharmacologically active ingredients.
  • the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention comprises the first and the second pharmacologically active ingredient in form of a salt formed from these two pharmacologically active ingredients.
  • a salt formation may be partial, i.e. the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention comprises one or both of these pharmacologically active ingredients also in their non-salt form, or the salt formation may essentially be complete.
  • Another aspect of the invention relates to a pharmaceutical dosage form comprising the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention.
  • the first and the second pharmacologically active ingredient are typically contained in the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention in a therapeutically effective amount.
  • the amount that constitutes a therapeutically effective amount varies according to the pharmacologically active ingredients, the condition being treated, the severity of said condition, the patient being treated, and whether the pharmaceutical dosage form is designed for an immediate or controlled release.
  • the content of the first pharmacologically active ingredient in the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention and the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention, respectively, is at most 10 wt.-% or at most 5 wt.-% or at most 3 wt.-% or at most 1.0 wt.-%, more preferably at most 0.8 wt.-%, yet more preferably at most 0.5 wt.-%, still more preferably at most 0.2 wt.-%, even more preferably at most 0.1 wt.-%, most preferably at most 0.05 wt.-%, and in particular at most 0.01 wt.-% or at most 0.005 wt.-% or at most 0.001 wt.-%.
  • the content of the second pharmacologically active ingredient in the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention and the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention, respectively, is at most 95 wt.-%, more preferably at most 80 wt.-%, yet more preferably at most 70 wt.-%, still more preferably at most 60 wt.-%, even more preferably at most 55 wt.-%, most preferably at most 50 wt.-%, and in particular at most 45 wt.-%.
  • the content of the first pharmacologically active ingredient in the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention and the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention, respectively, is at least 0.0001 wt.-%, more preferably at least 0.0003 wt.-%, yet more preferably at least 0.0005 wt.-%, still more preferably at least 0.0008 wt.-%, even more preferably at least 0.001 wt.-%, most preferably at least 0.003 wt.-%, and in particular at least 0.005 wt.-%.
  • the content of the second pharmacologically active ingredient in the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention and the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention, respectively, is at least 0.1 wt.-%, more preferably at least 0.5 wt.-%, yet more preferably at least 1 wt.-%, still more preferably at least 3 wt.-%, even more preferably at least 5 wt.-%, most preferably at least 7.5 wt.-%, and in particular at least 10 wt.-%.
  • wt.-% shall mean weight of the respective ingredient per total weight of the pharmaceutical dosage form or per total weight of the pharmaceutical composition, respectively.
  • the relative weight ratio of the first pharmacologically active ingredient to the second pharmacologically active ingredient is within the range of from 1:2 to 1:1,000,000, more preferably 1:30 to 1:1,000,000, most preferably 1:500 to 1:500,000, and in particular 1:1,000 to 1:250,000.
  • the relative weight ratio of the first pharmacologically active ingredient to the second pharmacologically active ingredient is within the range of from 1:100 to 1:10,000, more preferably 1:200 to 1:7,500, still more preferably 1:500 to 1:5,000, most preferably 1:750 to 1:2,500, and in particular 1:900 to 1:2,000.
  • the relative weight ratio of the first pharmacologically active ingredient to the second pharmacologically active ingredient is within the range of from 1:500 to 1:50,000, more preferably 1:1,000 to 1:20,000, still more preferably 1:2,000 to 1:10,000, most preferably 1:3,000 to 1:8,000, and in particular 1:4,000 to 1:6,000.
  • the relative weight ratio of the first pharmacologically active ingredient to the second pharmacologically active ingredient is within the range of from 1:1,000 to 1:50,000, more preferably 1:2,000 to 1:25,000, still more preferably 1:3,000 to 1:18,000, yet more preferably 1:4,000 to 1:15,000, most preferably 1:5,000 to 1:12,000, and in particular 1:6,000 to 1:9,000.
  • the relative weight ratio of the first pharmacologically active ingredient to the second pharmacologically active ingredient is within the range of from 1:1,000 to 1:100,000, more preferably 1:2,000 to 1:80,000, still more preferably 1:4,000 to 1:50,000, yet more preferably 1:6,000 to 1:20,000, most preferably 1:8,000 to 1:15,000, and in particular 1:9,000 to 1:12,500.
  • the relative weight ratio of the first pharmacologically active ingredient to the second pharmacologically active ingredient is within the range of from 1:5,000 to 1:500,000, more preferably 1:10,000 to 1:250,000, still more preferably 1:20,000 to 1:150,000, most preferably 1:40,000 to 1:120,000, and in particular 1:50,000 to 1:100,000.
  • the relative molar ratio of the first pharmacologically active ingredient to the second pharmacologically active ingredient is within the range of from 1:100 to 1:1,000,000, more preferably 1:500 to 1:500,000, and most preferably 1:1,000 to 1:250,000.
  • the relative molar ratio of the first pharmacologically active ingredient to the second pharmacologically active ingredient is within the range of from 1:2 to 1:1,000,000, more preferably 1:30 to 1:1,000,000, even more preferably 1:100 to 1:10,000, still more preferably 1:200 to 1:7,500, yet more preferably 1:500 to 1:5,000, most preferably 1:750 to 1:2,500, and in particular 1:900 to 1:2,000.
  • the relative molar ratio of the first pharmacologically active ingredient to the second pharmacologically active ingredient is within the range of from 1:500 to 1:50,000, more preferably 1:1,000 to 1:20,000, still more preferably 1:2,000 to 1:10,000, most preferably 1:3,000 to 1:8,000, and in particular 1:4,000 to 1:6,000.
  • the relative molar ratio of the first pharmacologically active ingredient to the second pharmacologically active ingredient is within the range of from 1:1,000 to 1:50,000, more preferably 1:2,000 to 1:25,000, still more preferably 1:3,000 to 1:18,000, yet more preferably 1:4,000 to 1:15,000, most preferably 1:5,000 to 1:12,000, and in particular 1:6,000 to 1:9,000.
  • the relative molar ratio of the first pharmacologically active ingredient to the second pharmacologically active ingredient is within the range of from 1:1,000 to 1:100,000, more preferably 1:2,000 to 1:80,000, still more preferably 1:4,000 to 1:50,000, yet more preferably 1:6,000 to 1:20,000, most preferably 1:8,000 to 1:15,000, and in particular 1:9,000 to 1:12,500.
  • the relative molar ratio of the first pharmacologically active ingredient to the second pharmacologically active ingredient is within the range of from 1:5,000 to 1:500,000, more preferably 1:10,000 to 1:250,000, still more preferably 1:20,000 to 1:150,000, most preferably 1:40,000 to 1:120,000, and in particular 1:50,000 to 1:100,000.
  • the amounts of the first and the second pharmacologically active ingredient contained in the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention may vary depending on different factors well known to those skilled in the art, for example, the weight of the patient, the route of administration, the severity of the illness and the like.
  • both pharmacologically active ingredients contained in the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention may be administered in amounts up to their maximum daily dose, which is known to those skilled in the art.
  • acetylsalicylic acid may preferably be administered to a patient in a maximum daily dose of up to 4,000 mg; diflunisal may preferably be administered to a patient in a maximum daily dose of up to 1,500 mg, and salsalate may preferably be administered to a patient in a maximum daily dose of up to 4,000 mg.
  • the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention and the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention preferably contain the first and the second pharmacologically active ingredient, independently of one another, in an amount corresponding to 75 ⁇ 15 wt.-%, 75 ⁇ 10 wt.-%, 75 ⁇ 5 wt.-%, 50 ⁇ 15 wt.-%, 50 ⁇ 10 wt.-%, 50 ⁇ 5 wt.-%, 25 ⁇ 15 wt.-%, 25 ⁇ 10 wt.-% or 25 ⁇ 5 wt.-% of the respective maximum daily dose of the first and the second pharmacologically active ingredient, respectively.
  • the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention contains the first pharmacologically active ingredient in a dose of from 0.1 ⁇ g to 5,000 ⁇ g, more preferably, 0.1 ⁇ g to 2,500 ⁇ g, still more preferably 1.0 ⁇ g to 1,000 ⁇ g, yet more preferably 10 to 800 ⁇ g, most preferably 15 ⁇ g to 600 ⁇ g, and in particular 20 ⁇ g to 440 ⁇ g.
  • the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention contains the first pharmacologically active ingredient in a dose within the range of 13 ⁇ 12 ⁇ g, more preferably 13 ⁇ 10 ⁇ g, still more preferably 13 ⁇ 8 ⁇ g, yet more preferably 13 ⁇ 6 ⁇ g, even more preferably 13 ⁇ 5 ⁇ g, most preferably 13 ⁇ 4 ⁇ g, and in particular 13 ⁇ 3 ⁇ g.
  • the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention contains the first pharmacologically active ingredient in a dose within the range of 20 ⁇ 15 ⁇ g, more preferably 20 ⁇ 13 ⁇ g, still more preferably 20 ⁇ 12 ⁇ g, yet more preferably 20 ⁇ 10 ⁇ g, even more preferably 20 ⁇ 8 ⁇ g, most preferably 20 ⁇ 6 ⁇ g, and in particular 20 ⁇ 5 ⁇ g.
  • the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention contains the first pharmacologically active ingredient in a dose within the range of 40 ⁇ 35 ⁇ g, more preferably 40 ⁇ 30 ⁇ g, still more preferably 40 ⁇ 25 ⁇ g, yet more preferably 40 ⁇ 20 ⁇ g, even more preferably 40 ⁇ 15 ⁇ g, most preferably 40 ⁇ 10 ⁇ g, and in particular 40 ⁇ 5 ⁇ g.
  • the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention contains the first pharmacologically active ingredient in a dose within the range of 60 ⁇ 50 ⁇ g, more preferably 60 ⁇ 40 ⁇ g, still more preferably 60 ⁇ 30 ⁇ g, yet more preferably 60 ⁇ 20 ⁇ g, most preferably 60 ⁇ 10 ⁇ g, and in particular 60 ⁇ 5 ⁇ g.
  • the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention contains the first pharmacologically active ingredient in a dose within the range of 80 ⁇ 70 ⁇ g, more preferably 80 ⁇ 60 ⁇ g, still more preferably 80 ⁇ 50 ⁇ g, yet more preferably 80 ⁇ 40 ⁇ g, even more preferably 80 ⁇ 20 ⁇ g, most preferably 80 ⁇ 10 ⁇ g, and in particular 80 ⁇ 5 ⁇ g.
  • the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention contains the first pharmacologically active ingredient in a dose within the range of 100 ⁇ 90 ⁇ g, more preferably 100 ⁇ 80 ⁇ g, still more preferably 100 ⁇ 60 ⁇ g, yet more preferably 100 ⁇ 40 ⁇ g, even more preferably 100 ⁇ 20 ⁇ g, most preferably 100 ⁇ 10 ⁇ g, and in particular 100 ⁇ 5 ⁇ g.
  • the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention contains the first pharmacologically active ingredient in a dose within the range of 120 ⁇ 100 ⁇ g, more preferably 120 ⁇ 80 ⁇ g, still more preferably 120 ⁇ 60 ⁇ g, yet more preferably 120 ⁇ 40 ⁇ g, even more preferably 120 ⁇ 20 ⁇ g, most preferably 120 ⁇ 10 ⁇ g, and in particular 120 ⁇ 5 ⁇ g.
  • the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention contains the first pharmacologically active ingredient in a dose within the range of 150 ⁇ 90 ⁇ g, more preferably 150 ⁇ 80 ⁇ g, still more preferably 150 ⁇ 60 ⁇ g, yet more preferably 150 ⁇ 40 ⁇ g, even more preferably 150 ⁇ 20 ⁇ g, most preferably 150 ⁇ 10 ⁇ g, and in particular 150 ⁇ 5 ⁇ g.
  • the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention contains the first pharmacologically active ingredient in a dose within the range of 170 ⁇ 130 ⁇ g, more preferably 170 ⁇ 100 ⁇ g, still more preferably 170 ⁇ 80 ⁇ g, yet more preferably 170 ⁇ 60 ⁇ g, even more preferably 170 ⁇ 40 ⁇ g, most preferably 170 ⁇ 20 ⁇ g, and in particular 170 ⁇ 10 ⁇ g.
  • the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention contains the first pharmacologically active ingredient in a dose within the range of 200 ⁇ 175 ⁇ g, more preferably 200 ⁇ 150 ⁇ g, still more preferably 200 ⁇ 125 ⁇ g, yet more preferably 200 ⁇ 100 ⁇ g, even more preferably 200 ⁇ 75 ⁇ g, most preferably 200 ⁇ 50 ⁇ g, and in particular 200 ⁇ 25 ⁇ g.
  • the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention contains the first pharmacologically active ingredient in a dose within the range of 400 ⁇ 350 ⁇ g, more preferably 400 ⁇ 300 ⁇ g, still more preferably 400 ⁇ 250 ⁇ g, yet more preferably 400 ⁇ 200 ⁇ g, even more preferably 400 ⁇ 150 ⁇ g, most preferably 400 ⁇ 100 ⁇ g, and in particular 400 ⁇ 50 ⁇ g.
  • the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention contains the first pharmacologically active ingredient in a dose within the range of 600 ⁇ 400 ⁇ g, more preferably 600 ⁇ 300 ⁇ g, still more preferably 600 ⁇ 250 ⁇ g, yet more preferably 600 ⁇ 200 ⁇ g, even more preferably 600 ⁇ 150 ⁇ g, most preferably 600 ⁇ 100 ⁇ g, and in particular 600 ⁇ 50 ⁇ g.
  • the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention contains the first pharmacologically active ingredient in a dose within the range of 800 ⁇ 550 ⁇ g, more preferably 800 ⁇ 400 ⁇ g, still more preferably 800 ⁇ 350 ⁇ g, yet more preferably 800 ⁇ 250 ⁇ g, even more preferably 800 ⁇ 150 ⁇ g, most preferably 800 ⁇ 100 ⁇ g, and in particular 800 ⁇ 50 ⁇ g.
  • the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention contains the first pharmacologically active ingredient in a dose within the range of 1,000 ⁇ 800 ⁇ g, more preferably 1,000 ⁇ 600 ⁇ g, still more preferably 1,000 ⁇ 500 ⁇ g, yet more preferably 1,000 ⁇ 300 ⁇ g, even more preferably 1,000 ⁇ 200 ⁇ g, most preferably 1,000 ⁇ 100 ⁇ g, and in particular 1,000 ⁇ 50 ⁇ g.
  • the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention contains the first pharmacologically active ingredient in a dose within the range of 1,200 ⁇ 1,000 ⁇ g, more preferably 1,200 ⁇ 800 ⁇ g, still more preferably 1,200 ⁇ 600 ⁇ g, yet more preferably 1,200 ⁇ 400 ⁇ g, even more preferably 1,200 ⁇ 200 ⁇ g, most preferably 1,200 ⁇ 100 ⁇ g, and in particular 1,200 ⁇ 50 ⁇ g.
  • the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention contains the second pharmacologically active ingredient in a dose of from 10 mg to 7,500 mg, more preferably 50 mg to 5,000 mg, most preferably 50 to 4,000 mg, and in particular 100 to 3,000 mg.
  • the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention contains the second pharmacologically active ingredient in a dose within the range of 100 ⁇ 90 mg, more preferably 100 ⁇ 75 mg, still more preferably 100 ⁇ 50 mg, yet more preferably 100 ⁇ 40 mg, even more preferably 100 ⁇ 30 mg, most preferably 100 ⁇ 20 mg, and in particular 100 ⁇ 10 mg.
  • the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention contains the second pharmacologically active ingredient in a dose within the range of 200 ⁇ 150 mg, more preferably 200 ⁇ 100 mg, still more preferably 200 ⁇ 75 mg, yet more preferably 200 ⁇ 50 mg, even more preferably 200 ⁇ 35 mg, most preferably 200 ⁇ 20 mg, and in particular 200 ⁇ 10 mg.
  • the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention contains the second pharmacologically active ingredient in a dose within the range of 300 ⁇ 150 mg, more preferably 300 ⁇ 100 mg, still more preferably 300 ⁇ 75 mg, yet more preferably 300 ⁇ 50 mg, even more preferably 300 ⁇ 35 mg, most preferably 300 ⁇ 20 mg, and in particular 300 ⁇ 10 mg.
  • the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention contains the second pharmacologically active ingredient in a dose within the range of 500 ⁇ 400 mg, more preferably 500 ⁇ 300 mg, still more preferably 500 ⁇ 200 mg, yet more preferably 500 ⁇ 150 mg, even more preferably 500 ⁇ 100 mg, most preferably 500 ⁇ 75 mg, and in particular 500 ⁇ 50 mg.
  • the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention contains the second pharmacologically active ingredient in a dose within the range of 1,000 ⁇ 800 mg, more preferably 1,000 ⁇ 600 mg, still more preferably 1,000 ⁇ 400 mg, yet more preferably 1,000 ⁇ 200 mg, even more preferably 1,000 ⁇ 150 mg, most preferably 1,000 ⁇ 100 mg, and in particular 1,000 ⁇ 50 mg.
  • the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention contains the second pharmacologically active ingredient in a dose within the range of 1,500 ⁇ 1,000 mg, more preferably 1,500 ⁇ 800 mg, still more preferably 1,500 ⁇ 500 mg, yet more preferably 1,500 ⁇ 400 mg, even more preferably 1,500 ⁇ 300 mg, most preferably 1,500 ⁇ 200 mg, and in particular 1,500 ⁇ 100 mg.
  • the pharmaceutical dosage form contains acetylsalicylic acid or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof as the second pharmacologically active ingredient in a dose within the range of 10 mg to 2,000 mg, more preferably in the range of 25 mg to 1,500 mg, even more preferably in the range of 50 mg to 1,000 mg, most preferably in the range of 100 mg to 750 mg, and in particular in the range of 100 mg to 500 mg.
  • the pharmaceutical dosage form contains acetylsalicylic acid or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof as the second pharmacologically active ingredient in a dose within the range of 50 mg to 4,000 mg, more preferably in the range of 100 mg to 3,000 mg, even more preferably in the range of 200 mg to 2,000 mg, most preferably in the range of 250 mg to 1,750 mg, and in particular in the range of 300 mg to 1,500 mg.
  • the dose of the first pharmacologically active ingredient is preferably within the range of from 1:20 to 20:1 of the amount which is equieffective to the dosage of the second pharmacologically active ingredient.
  • “equieffective” preferably means the dosage that would be required in order to achieve the equivalent desired therapeutic effect when being administered alone.
  • the desired therapeutic effect is an analgesic effect
  • the equieffective dosage is determined with respect to the analgesic properties of the first pharmacologically active ingredient and the second pharmacological ingredient.
  • the dosage of the first pharmacologically active ingredient, which is contained in the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention may vary from 0.2 ⁇ g (4 ⁇ g/20) to 80 ⁇ g (20.4 ⁇ g).
  • the dose of the first pharmacologically active ingredient is within the range of from 1:15 to 15:1, preferably within the range of from 1:10 to 10:1, more preferably within the range of from 1:8 to 8:1, still more preferably within the range of from 1:6 to 6:1, yet more preferably within the range of from 1:4 to 4:1, most preferably within the range of from 1:3 to 3:1, and in particular preferably within the range of from 1:2 to 2:1, of the amount which is equieffective to the dose of the second pharmacologically active ingredient.
  • Suitable pathways of administration of the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention include but are not limited to oral, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intradermal, transdermal, intrathecal, intramuscular, intranasal, transmucosal, subcutaneous, local and/or rectal administration.
  • the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention is for oral administration.
  • the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention is for parenteral administration; in particular intravenous, intraperitoneal, intrathecal, intramuscular, or subcutaneous administration.
  • the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention is for rectal administration.
  • the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention and the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention, respectively, can be solid, semi-solid or liquid.
  • the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention and the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention, respectively, may contain auxiliary agents, for example, carriers, fillers, solvents, diluents, colorants and/or binders.
  • auxiliary agents for example, carriers, fillers, solvents, diluents, colorants and/or binders.
  • the selection of auxiliary agents and of the amounts of the same to be used depends, for example, on how the first and the second pharmacologically active ingredient are to be administered, e.g. orally, intravenously, intraperitoneally, intradermally, transdermally, intrathecally, intramuscularly, intranasally, transmucosally, subcutaneously, rectally or locally.
  • Suitable auxiliary agents are in particular any substances known to a person skilled in the art useful for the preparation of galenical dosage forms.
  • suitable auxiliary agents include but are not limited to: water, ethanol, 2-propanol, glycerol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, glucose, fructose, lactose, saccharose, dextrose, molasses, starch, modified starch, gelatine, sorbitol, inositol, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose, methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, shellac, cetyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, paraffins, waxes, natural and synthetic gums, acacia gum, alginates, dextran, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, stearic acid, magnesium stearate, zinc stearate, glycerol stearate, sodium lauryl sulphate
  • Pharmaceutical dosage forms which are suitable for oral administration include but are not limited to tablets, effervescent tablets, chewing tablets, dragees, capsules, drops, juices and syrups.
  • Oral pharmaceutical dosage forms may also be in the form of multiparticulates such as granules, pellets, spheres, crystals and the like, optionally compressed into a tablet, filled into a capsule, filled into a sachet or suspended in a suitable liquid medium.
  • Oral pharmaceutical dosage forms may also be equipped with an enteric coating.
  • compositions suitable for parenteral, topical and inhalative administration include but are not limited to solutions, suspensions, easily reconstitutable dry preparations and sprays.
  • Suppositories are a suitable pharmaceutical dosage form for rectal administration.
  • Dosage forms in a deposit, in dissolved form, for example, in a patch optionally with the addition of agents to promote skin penetration, are examples of suitable dosage forms for percutaneous administration.
  • the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention is a tablet.
  • the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention is for administration six times daily, five times daily, four times daily, thrice daily, twice daily, once daily, or less frequently.
  • the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention is for administration once daily.
  • the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention is for administration multiple daily, in particular twice daily, thrice daily, or up to six times a day.
  • the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention is for administration twice daily.
  • the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention is for administration thrice daily.
  • “administration thrice daily” preferably means that the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention is adapted for being consecutively administered according to a regimen comprising the administration of three pharmaceutical dosage forms per day, wherein the time interval between the consecutive administration of two pharmaceutical dosage forms is at least 3 hours, preferably at least 4 hours, more preferably not least 6 hours and in particular, about 8 hours.
  • “administration twice daily” preferably means that the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention is adapted for being consecutively administered according to a regimen comprising the administration of two pharmaceutical dosage forms per day, wherein the time interval between the consecutive administration of two pharmaceutical dosage forms is at least 6 hours, preferably at least 8 hours, more preferably at least 10 hours and in particular, about 12 hours.
  • “administration once daily” preferably means that the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention is adapted for being consecutively administered according to a regimen comprising the administration of one pharmaceutical dosage form per day, wherein the time interval between the consecutive administration of two pharmaceutical dosage forms is at least 18 hours, preferably at least 20 hours, more preferably at least 22 hours and in particular, about 24 hours.
  • administration regimens may be realized by administering a single pharmaceutical dosage form containing the full amount of the first pharmacologically active ingredient and the full amount of the second pharmacologically active ingredient to be administered at a particular point in time or, alternatively, administering a multitude of dose units, i.e. two, three or more dose units, the sum of which multitude of dose units containing the full amount of the first pharmacologically active ingredient and the second pharmacologically active ingredient to be administered at said particular point in time, where the individual dose units are adapted for simultaneous administration or administration within a short period of time, e.g. within 5, 10 or 15 minutes.
  • the doses of the first and the second pharmacologically active ingredient are expressed according to the number of prescribed administrations “n” per day, i.e. the number of administrations of the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention in the course of 24 hours.
  • n the number of prescribed administrations “n” per day
  • the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention is preferably for oral administration, preferably in form of a tablet.
  • the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention is preferably for oral administration, preferably in form of a tablet.
  • a twice daily or thrice daily administration can be especially preferred since the preferred doses of the second pharmacologically active ingredient may be as high as 3,000/n mg, thus rendering a tablet containing e.g. a maximum of 3,000/2 mg or 3,000/3 mg, respectively, of the second pharmacologically active ingredient much more patient compliant.
  • the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention is preferably for oral administration, preferably in form of a tablet.
  • the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention is preferably for oral administration, preferably in form of a tablet.
  • a twice daily or thrice daily administration can be especially preferred since the preferred doses of the second pharmacologically active ingredient may be as high as 3,000/n mg, thus rendering a tablet containing e.g. a maximum of 3,000/2 mg or 3,000/3 mg, respectively, of the second pharmacologically active ingredient much more patient compliant.
  • the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention may provide under in vitro conditions immediate release or controlled release of the first pharmacologically active ingredient and/or the second pharmacologically active ingredient.
  • In vitro release is preferably determined in accordance with Ph. Eur., preferably paddle method with sinker, 75 rpm, 37° C., 900 mL artificial gastric juice, pH 6.8.
  • the first pharmacologically active ingredient and/or the second pharmacologically active ingredient may independently of one another be present in the pharmaceutical dosage form at least partially in controlled-release form.
  • the first pharmacologically active ingredient and/or the second pharmacologically active ingredient may be released from the pharmaceutical dosage form in a prolonged manner, e.g. if administered orally, rectally or percutaneously.
  • Such pharmaceutical dosage forms are particularly useful for “once-daily” or “twice-daily” preparations, which only have to be taken once a day, respectively, twice a day.
  • Suitable controlled-release materials are well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention providing controlled release of the first pharmacologically active ingredient and/or the second pharmacologically active ingredient may be produced using materials, means, devices and processes that are well known in the prior art of pharmaceutical dosage forms.
  • the pharmacologically active ingredients of the pharmaceutical composition may be granulated with a pharmaceutical carrier, for example conventional tablet ingredients such as corn starch, lactose, saccharose, sorbitol, talcum, magnesium stearate, dicalcium phosphate or pharmaceutically acceptable gums, and pharmaceutical diluents, for example water, in order to form a solid composition that contains the pharmacologically active ingredients in homogeneous distribution.
  • a pharmaceutical carrier for example conventional tablet ingredients such as corn starch, lactose, saccharose, sorbitol, talcum, magnesium stearate, dicalcium phosphate or pharmaceutically acceptable gums, and pharmaceutical diluents, for example water
  • a pharmaceutical carrier for example conventional tablet ingredients such as corn starch, lactose, saccharose, sorbitol, talcum, magnesium stearate, dicalcium phosphate or pharmaceutically acceptable gums, and pharmaceutical diluents, for example water
  • homogeneous distribution is taken
  • pharmaceutical dosage forms having a corresponding release profile may be prepared.
  • An example of such a pharmaceutical dosage form is an osmotically-driven release system for achieving a delayed release of either the first or the second pharmacologically active ingredient from an inner part (core) of the pharmaceutical dosage form via a coating that itself contains the other pharmacologically active ingredient which is accordingly released earlier.
  • a release system of this kind which is particularly suitable for oral administration, at least part, and preferably all, of the surface of the release system, preferably those parts that will come into contact with the release medium, is/are semipermeable, preferably equipped with a semipermeable coating, so the surface(s) is/are permeable to the release medium, but substantially, preferably entirely, impermeable to the pharmacologically active ingredient contained in the core, the surface(s) and/or optionally the coating comprising at least one opening for releasing the pharmacologically active ingredient contained in the core.
  • precisely that/those surface(s) that is/are in contact with the release medium is/are provided with a coating containing and releasing the other pharmacologically active ingredient.
  • This is preferably taken to mean a system in tablet form comprising a release opening, a core containing the first or the second pharmacologically active ingredient, a polymer portion that exerts pressure upon swelling, a semipermeable membrane and a coating containing the other pharmacologically active ingredient.
  • osmotically-driven release systems are, for example, disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,765,989, 4,783,337 and 4,612,008.
  • a further example of a suitable pharmaceutical dosage form is a gel-matrix tablet.
  • Suitable examples are provided in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,389,393, 5,330,761, 5,399,362, 5,472,711 and 5,455,046.
  • Particularly suitable is a retarding matrix dosage form, with an inhomogeneous distribution of the pharmaceutical composition, whereby, for example, one pharmacologically active ingredient, i.e. the first or the second pharmacologically active ingredient, is distributed in the outer region (the portion that comes into contact with the release medium most quickly) of the matrix and the other pharmacologically active ingredient is distributed inside the matrix.
  • the outer matrix layer On contact with the release medium, the outer matrix layer initially (and rapidly) swells and firstly releases the pharmacologically active ingredient contained therein, followed by the significantly (more) controlled release of the other pharmacologically active ingredient.
  • a suitable matrix include matrices with 1 to 80% by weight of one or more hydrophilic or hydrophobic polymers as pharmaceutically acceptable matrix formers.
  • the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention provides immediate release of the first pharmacologically active ingredient, and immediate or controlled release of the second pharmacologically active ingredient.
  • the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention provides immediate release of both, the first and the second pharmacologically active ingredient.
  • a multiple daily administration in particular an administration twice daily, thrice daily, or up to six times a day is preferred.
  • the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention provides immediate release of the first pharmacologically active ingredient, and controlled release of the second pharmacologically active ingredient.
  • This release profile may be realized by employing the aforementioned methods, e.g. the osmotically-driven release system providing the first pharmacologically active ingredient in the coating and the second pharmacologically active ingredient in the core, or the retarding matrix dosage form containing the first pharmacologically active ingredient in the outer matrix layer and the second pharmacologically active ingredient in the inside of the matrix.
  • the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention provides controlled release of both the first and the second pharmacologically active ingredient.
  • the invention relates to the use of the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention, and the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention respectively, in the prevention or treatment of pain.
  • the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention and the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention, respectively, are for use in the treatment of pain, wherein the pain is preferably
  • acute pain preferably refers to pain that lasts up to about 4 weeks
  • subacute pain preferably refers to pain that lasts from more than about 4 weeks to about 12 weeks
  • chronic pain preferably refers to pain that lasts for more than about 12 weeks.
  • the pain is selected from the group consisting of cancer pain, peripheral neuropathic pain, osteoarthritis, chronic visceral pain, neuropathic pain (diabetic polyneuropathy, HIV-associated neuropathic pain, posttraumatic neuropathic pain, postherpetic neuralgia, chemotherapy associated pain), postzosteric neuralgia, postoperative neuropathic pain, inflammatory pain, migraine, low-back pain, fibromyalgia and trigeminal neuralgia.
  • neuropathic pain diabetic polyneuropathy, HIV-associated neuropathic pain, posttraumatic neuropathic pain, postherpetic neuralgia, chemotherapy associated pain
  • postzosteric neuralgia postoperative neuropathic pain
  • inflammatory pain migraine, low-back pain, fibromyalgia and trigeminal neuralgia.
  • the pain is chronic pain, in particular chronic nociceptive pain and/or chronic inflammatory pain.
  • the pain is non-chronic or acute pain, in particular post-operative pain (post-surgical pain).
  • the pain is selected from the group consisting of diabetic polyneuropathy, postzosteric neuralgia, postoperative neuropathic pain, low-back pain and fibromyalgia.
  • the doses of the first and the second pharmacologically active ingredient are again expressed according to the number of administrations “n” per day, i.e. the number of administrations of the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention in the course of 24 hours.
  • the pharmaceutical dosage form is for use in the treatment of neuropathic pain which may be optionally superimposed by nociceptive pain
  • the dose of the first pharmacologically active ingredient contained in the pharmaceutical dosage form preferably is in the range of 1/n ⁇ g to 800/n ⁇ g or 1/n ⁇ g to 600/n ⁇ g or 1/n ⁇ g to 400/n ⁇ g or 1/n ⁇ g to 250/n ⁇ g, more preferably in the range of 5/n ⁇ g to 150/n ⁇ g, even more preferably in the range of 10/n ⁇ g to 100/n ⁇ g, most preferably in the range of 20/n ⁇ g to 80/n ⁇ g and in particular most preferably in the range of 30/n ⁇ g to 50/n ⁇ g.
  • the dose of the second pharmacologically active ingredient contained in the pharmaceutical dosage form preferably is in the range of 100/n mg to 3,000/n mg.
  • the dose of the first pharmacologically active ingredient contained in the pharmaceutical dosage form preferably is in the range of 1/n ⁇ g to 800/n ⁇ g or 1/n ⁇ g to 600/n ⁇ g or 1/n ⁇ g to 400/n ⁇ g or 1/n ⁇ g to 250/n ⁇ g, more preferably in the range of 5/n ⁇ g to 150/n ⁇ g, even more preferably in the range of 10/n ⁇ g to 100/n ⁇ g, most preferably in the range of 20/n ⁇ g to 80/n ⁇ g and in particular most preferably in the range of 30/n ⁇ g to 50/n ⁇ g; and the dose of the second pharmacologically active ingredient contained in the pharmaceutical dosage form preferably is in the range of 100/n mg
  • the pharmaceutical dosage form is for use in the treatment of nociceptive pain which may be optionally superimposed by neuropathic pain
  • the dose of the first pharmacologically active ingredient contained in the pharmaceutical dosage form preferably is in the range of 50/n ⁇ g to 2,000/n ⁇ g or 50/n ⁇ g to 1,400/n ⁇ g or 50/n ⁇ g to 1,200/n ⁇ g or 50/n ⁇ g to 1,000/n ⁇ g, more preferably in the range of 100/n ⁇ g to 800/n ⁇ g, still more preferably in the range of 150/n ⁇ g to 650/n ⁇ g, even more preferably in the range of 250/n ⁇ g to 550/n ⁇ g, and most preferably in the range of 350/n ⁇ g to 450/n ⁇ g.
  • the dose of the second pharmacologically active ingredient contained in the pharmaceutical dosage form preferably is in the range of 100/n mg to 3,000/n mg.
  • the dose of the first pharmacologically active ingredient contained in the pharmaceutical dosage form preferably is in the range of 50/n ⁇ g to 2,000/n ⁇ g or 50/n ⁇ g to 1,400/n ⁇ g or 50/n ⁇ g to 1,200/n ⁇ g or 50/n ⁇ g to 1,000/n ⁇ g, more preferably in the range of 100/n ⁇ g to 800/n ⁇ g, still more preferably in the range of 150/n ⁇ g to 650/n ⁇ g, even more preferably in the range of 250/n ⁇ g to 550/n ⁇ g, and most preferably in the range of 350/n ⁇ g to 450/n ⁇ g; and the dose of the second pharmacologically active ingredient contained in the pharmaceutical dosage form preferably is in the range of 50/n ⁇ g to 2,000/n ⁇ g or 50/n ⁇ g to 1,400/n ⁇ g or 50/n ⁇ g to 1,200/n ⁇ g or 50/n ⁇ g to 1,000/
  • the pharmaceutical composition contains the first and the second pharmacologically active ingredient in such a weight ratio that they will exert a synergistic therapeutic effect upon administration to a patient.
  • the term “synergistic therapeutic effect” may refer to a synergistic therapeutic effect with respect to the prevention or treatment of pain (synergistic analgesic effect), a synergistic therapeutic effect with respect to the prevention or treatment of anxiety (synergistic anxiolytic effect) as well as a synergistic therapeutic effect with respect to the prevention or treatment of epilepsy (synergistic anti-convulsive effect).
  • Suitable weight ratios of the pharmacologically active ingredients generating the synergistic therapeutic effect can be determined by methods well known to those skilled in the art.
  • a further aspect of the invention relates to a method of treating or preventing pain comprising the preferably twice daily or once daily, preferably oral administration of the pharmaceutical dosage form according to the invention to a subject in need thereof.
  • the invention relates to a kit comprising a first pharmaceutical dosage form comprising the first pharmacologically active ingredient as described above, and a second pharmaceutical dosage form comprising the second pharmacologically active ingredient as described above.
  • a suitable embodiment is a kit in which the first pharmaceutical dosage from comprising the first pharmacologically active ingredient and the second pharmaceutical dosage form comprising the second pharmacologically active ingredient, although spatially separated, are provided in a common presentation form, e.g. packaging.
  • the first and the second pharmaceutical dosage form are adapted for simultaneous or sequential administration, wherein the first pharmaceutical dosage form may be administered before or after the second pharmaceutical dosage form and wherein the first and the second pharmaceutical dosage form are administered either via the same or a different pathway of administration.
  • the term “simultaneous administration” preferably refers to an administration of the first and the second pharmaceutical dosage form within a time span of 15 minutes from each other, whereas the term “sequential administration” preferably refers to an administration of the first and the second pharmaceutical dosage form within a time span of more than 15 minutes from each other.
  • the first and the second pharmaceutical dosage form are adapted for administration to the patient via the same pathway.
  • the first and the second pharmaceutical dosage form are adapted for administration to the patient via different pathways.
  • the first and the second pharmaceutical dosage form are administered simultaneously.
  • the first and the second pharmaceutical dosage form are administered sequentially.
  • the first and/or the second pharmaceutical dosage form are adapted for once daily administration.
  • the first and/or the second pharmaceutical dosage form are adapted for multiple daily administration, in particular twice daily or thrice daily.
  • the first pharmaceutical dosage form is adapted for once daily administration and the second pharmaceutical dosage form is adapted for multiple daily, in particular twice daily or thrice daily, administration.
  • Suitable pathways of administration of the pharmaceutical dosage forms contained in the kit include but are not limited to oral, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intradermal, intrathecal, intramuscular, intranasal, transmucosal, subcutaneous, and/or rectal administration.
  • one or both of the pharmaceutical dosage forms contained in the kit are for oral administration.
  • one or both of the pharmaceutical dosage forms contained in the kit are for parenteral administration, in particular intravenous, intraperitoneal, intrathecal, intramuscular, or subcutaneous administration.
  • the first and the second pharmaceutical dosage form are for oral, simultaneous administration once daily.
  • the first and the second pharmaceutical dosage form are for oral, simultaneous administration multiple daily, in particular twice daily or thrice daily.
  • the first and the second pharmaceutical dosage form are each for oral, sequential administration once daily.
  • the first and the second pharmaceutical dosage form are for sequential administration once daily each, where the first and the second pharmaceutical dosage form are adapted for administration via different pathways, e.g. oral and parenteral administration.
  • the first and the second pharmaceutical dosage form are each for oral, sequential administration multiple daily, in particular twice daily or thrice daily.
  • first and the second pharmaceutical dosage form are for sequential administration multiple daily each, in particular twice daily or thrice daily, where the first and the second pharmaceutical dosage form are adapted for administration via different pathways, e.g. oral and parenteral administration.
  • the first pharmacologically active ingredient (1r,4r)-6′-fluoro-N,N-dimethyl-4-phenyl-4′,9′-dihydro-3′H-spiro[cyclohexane-1,1′-pyrano[3,4,1D]indol]-4-amine was employed in form of the hemicitrate salt. Therefore, all amounts of the first pharmacologically active ingredient are specified with respect to the hemicitrate salt.
  • acetylsalicylic acid was employed as the second pharmacologically active ingredient.
  • the rats were placed in a plastic cage with a wire mesh bottom which allowed full access to the paws.
  • Hind paw withdrawal threshold after mechanical stimulation was tested with electronic von Frey hairs (Somedic Sales AB, Horby, Sweden). Animals were placed in a plastic cage with a wire mesh bottom which allowed full access to the paws. Behavioral accommodation was allowed for 30 min. In each case, withdrawal response was measured at an area adjacent to the wound (ipsilateral) and to the same area on the non-injured foot (contralateral).
  • Two hours after surgery primary hypersensitivity was tested as tactile withdrawal threshold shortly before drug administration and at different time points after drug application. Animals injected with vehicle served as controls. The pretest measurement was made prior to surgery and two thresholds were taken per test and averaged.
  • the first pharmacologically active ingredient was dissolved in 5% DMSO and 95% glucose solution (5%).
  • the second pharmacologically active ingredient was dissolved in 1% CMC in aqua dest.
  • Intravenous (i.v.) and intraperitoneal (i.p.) applications were made in a volume of 5 mL/kg.
  • % MPE the percentage of the Maximum Possible Effect
  • the pharmacologically active ingredients were administered using a logarithmically staggered dose scheme.
  • the results are presented in graphs as means ⁇ SEM against the time after surgery.
  • the application route was intravenous (i.v.) for the first pharmacologically active ingredient and intraperitoneal (i.p.) for the second pharmacologically active ingredient.
  • Tests were performed using doses of 0.00215 mg/kg body weight to 0.00681 mg/kg body weight of the first pharmacologically active ingredient and 100 mg/kg body weight of acetylsalicylic acid as the second pharmacologically active ingredient.
  • the time point of efficacy-calculation in case of the combined administration of the first and the second pharmacologically active ingredient according to the invention corresponds to the timepoint of the peak effect of the respective pharmacologically active ingredient.
  • the effect of the experiments with fixed dose combinations showed higher experimental determined efficacy than the theoretically calculated efficacy.
  • the combination studies demonstrate significant synergistic interaction of the first pharmacologically active ingredient with the second pharmacologically active ingredient.
  • the first pharmacologically active ingredient (0.00464 mg/kg body weight i.v.) and the second pharmacologically active ingredient (acetylsalicylic acid, 100 mg/kg body weight i.p.) showed an analgesic efficacy with a maximal effect of 49% MPE at 30 min.
  • the analysis showed synergistic interaction of the first pharmacologically active ingredient and the second pharmacologically active ingredient 30 min. after administration.
  • FIG. 1 shows the withdrawal threshold in g in dependence of the time elapsed after administration.
  • FIG. 2 shows % MPE (Maximum possible effect) of the first and the second pharmacologically active ingredient and of the combined administration of the first and the second pharmacologically active ingredient, and the theoretical % MPE of the combined administration of the first and the second pharmacologically active ingredient in dependence of the time post administration.

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