US9315885B2 - Heat treatable aluminum alloys having magnesium and zinc and methods for producing the same - Google Patents

Heat treatable aluminum alloys having magnesium and zinc and methods for producing the same Download PDF

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US9315885B2
US9315885B2 US13/791,989 US201313791989A US9315885B2 US 9315885 B2 US9315885 B2 US 9315885B2 US 201313791989 A US201313791989 A US 201313791989A US 9315885 B2 US9315885 B2 US 9315885B2
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aluminum alloy
magnesium
zinc aluminum
zinc
elements
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US20140251511A1 (en
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Jen Lin
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Arconic Technologies LLC
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Alcoa Inc
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Priority to PCT/US2014/021169 priority patent/WO2014164196A1/en
Priority to EP14778249.4A priority patent/EP2964799B1/en
Priority to JP2015561651A priority patent/JP6535603B2/ja
Priority to CN201910562619.4A priority patent/CN110241335A/zh
Priority to CN201480013201.3A priority patent/CN105008565A/zh
Priority to KR1020157025422A priority patent/KR102285212B1/ko
Priority to CA2900443A priority patent/CA2900443C/en
Publication of US20140251511A1 publication Critical patent/US20140251511A1/en
Priority to US15/087,636 priority patent/US9580775B2/en
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Priority to US15/424,652 priority patent/US9850556B2/en
Priority to US15/832,631 priority patent/US20180094339A1/en
Priority to JP2019040297A priority patent/JP7146672B2/ja
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
    • B22D21/002—Castings of light metals
    • B22D21/007—Castings of light metals with low melting point, e.g. Al 659 degrees C, Mg 650 degrees C
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon

Definitions

  • Aluminum alloys are useful in a variety of applications. However, improving one property of an aluminum alloy without degrading another property is elusive. For example, it is difficult to increase the strength of an alloy without decreasing the toughness of an alloy. Other properties of interest for aluminum alloys include corrosion resistance and fatigue crack growth resistance, to name two.
  • magnesium-zinc aluminum alloys are aluminum alloys having 3.0-6.0 wt. % magnesium and 2.5-5.0 wt. % zinc, where at least one of the magnesium and the zinc is the predominate alloying element of the aluminum alloy other than aluminum, and wherein (wt. % Mg)/(wt. % Zn) is from 0.6 to 2.40.
  • the new magnesium-zinc aluminum alloys may include copper, silicon, iron, secondary elements and/or other elements, as defined below.
  • the new magnesium-zinc aluminum alloys generally include 3.0-6.0 wt. % magnesium (Mg).
  • a magnesium-zinc aluminum alloy includes at least 3.25 wt. % Mg.
  • a magnesium-zinc aluminum alloy includes at least 3.50 wt. % Mg.
  • a magnesium-zinc aluminum alloy includes at least 3.75 wt. % Mg.
  • a magnesium-zinc aluminum alloy includes not greater than 5.5 wt. % Mg.
  • a magnesium-zinc aluminum alloy includes not greater than 5.0 wt. % Mg.
  • a magnesium-zinc aluminum alloy includes not greater than 4.5 wt. % Mg.
  • a magnesium-zinc aluminum alloy includes at least 2.75 wt. % Zn. In another embodiment, a magnesium-zinc aluminum alloy includes at least 3.0 wt. % Zn. In another embodiment, a magnesium-zinc aluminum alloy includes at least 3.25 wt. % Zn. In one embodiment, a magnesium-zinc aluminum alloy includes not greater than 4.5 wt. % Zn. In one embodiment, a magnesium-zinc aluminum alloy includes not greater than 4.0 wt. % Zn.
  • the (wt. % Mg)/(wt. % Zn) (i.e. the Mg/Zn ratio) is at least 0.75. In another embodiment, the (wt. % Mg)/(wt. % Zn) is at least 0.90. In yet another embodiment, the (wt. % Mg)/(wt. % Zn) is at least 1.0. In another embodiment, the (wt. % Mg)/(wt. % Zn) is at least 1.02. In one embodiment, the (wt. % Mg)/(wt. % Zn) (i.e. the Mg/Zn ratio) is not greater than 2.00. In another embodiment, the (wt. % Mg)/(wt. % Zn) is not greater than 1.75. In another embodiment, the (wt. % Mg)/(wt. % Zn) is not greater than 1.50.
  • the new magnesium-zinc aluminum alloys may include copper and/or silicon.
  • a magnesium-zinc aluminum alloy includes copper.
  • a magnesium-zinc aluminum alloy includes silicon.
  • a magnesium-zinc aluminum alloy includes both copper and silicon.
  • the magnesium-zinc aluminum alloys When copper is used, the magnesium-zinc aluminum alloys generally include at least 0.05 wt. % Cu. In one embodiment, a magnesium-zinc aluminum alloy includes at least 0.10 wt. % Cu. The magnesium-zinc aluminum alloys generally include not greater than 1.0 wt. % Cu, such as not greater than 0.5 wt. % Cu. In other embodiments, copper is included in the alloy as an impurity, and in these embodiments is present at levels of less than 0.05 wt. % Cu.
  • the magnesium-zinc aluminum alloys When silicon is used, the magnesium-zinc aluminum alloys generally include at least 0.10 wt. % Si. In one embodiment, a magnesium-zinc aluminum alloy includes at least 0.15 wt. % Si. The magnesium-zinc aluminum alloys generally include not greater than 0.50 wt. % Si. In one embodiment, a magnesium-zinc aluminum alloy includes not greater than 0.35 wt. % Si. In another embodiment, a magnesium-zinc aluminum alloy includes not greater than 0.25 wt. % Si. In other embodiments, silicon is included in the alloy as an impurity, and in these embodiments is present at levels of less than 0.10 wt. % Si.
  • the new magnesium-zinc aluminum alloys may include at least one secondary element selected from the group consisting of Zr, Sc, Cr, Mn, Hf, V, Ti, and rare earth elements. Such elements may be used, for instance, to facilitate the appropriate grain structure in a resultant magnesium-zinc aluminum alloy product.
  • the secondary elements may optionally be present as follows: up to 0.20 wt. % Zr, up to 0.30 wt. % Sc, up to 1.0 wt. % of Mn, up to 0.50 wt. % of Cr, up to 0.25 wt. % each of any of Hf, V, and rare earth elements, and up to 0.15 wt. % Ti.
  • Zirconium (Zr) and/or scandium (Sc) are preferred for grain structure control.
  • zirconium When zirconium is used, it is generally included in the new magnesium-zinc aluminum alloys at 0.05 to 0.20 wt. % Zr.
  • a new magnesium-zinc aluminum alloy includes 0.07 to 0.16 wt. % Zr.
  • Scandium may be used in addition to, or as a substitute for zirconium, and, when present, is generally included in the new magnesium-zinc aluminum alloys at 0.05 to 0.30 wt. % Sc.
  • a new magnesium-zinc aluminum alloy includes 0.07 to 0.25 wt. % Sc.
  • Chromium may also be used in addition to, or as a substitute for zirconium, and/or scandium, and when present is generally included in the new magnesium-zinc aluminum alloys at 0.05 to 0.50 wt. % Cr.
  • a new magnesium-zinc aluminum alloy includes 0.05 to 0.35 wt. % Cr.
  • a new magnesium-zinc aluminum alloy includes 0.05 to 0.25 wt. % Cr.
  • any of zirconium, scandium, and/or chromium may be included in the alloy as an impurity, and in these embodiments such elements would be included in the alloy at less than 0.05 wt. %.
  • Hf, V and rare earth elements may be included an in an amount of up to 0.25 wt. % each (i.e., up to 0.25 wt. % each of any of Hf and V and up to 0.25 wt. % each of any rare earth element may be included).
  • a new magnesium-zinc aluminum alloy includes not greater than 0.05 wt. % each of Hf, V, and rare earth elements (not greater than 0.05 wt. % each of any of Hf and V and not greater than 0.05 wt. % each of any rare earth element may be included).
  • Titanium is preferred for grain refining, and, when present is generally included in the new magnesium-zinc aluminum alloys at 0.005 to 0.10 wt. % Ti.
  • a new magnesium-zinc aluminum alloy includes 0.01 to 0.05 wt. % Ti.
  • a new magnesium-zinc aluminum alloy includes 0.01 to 0.03 wt. % Ti.
  • a new magnesium-zinc aluminum alloy includes at least 0.10 wt. % Mn. In yet another embodiment, a new magnesium-zinc aluminum alloy includes at least 0.15 wt. % Mn. In another embodiment, a new magnesium-zinc aluminum alloy includes at least 0.20 wt. % Mn. In one embodiment, a new magnesium-zinc aluminum alloy is substantially free of manganese and includes less than 0.05 wt. % Mn.
  • Iron (Fe) may be present in the new magnesium-zinc aluminum alloys, and generally as an impurity.
  • the iron content of the new magnesium-zinc aluminum alloys should generally not exceed about 0.35 wt. % Fe.
  • a new magnesium-zinc aluminum alloy includes not greater than about 0.25 wt. % Fe.
  • a new magnesium-zinc aluminum alloy may include not greater than about 0.15 wt. % Fe, or not greater than about 0.10 wt. % Fe, or not greater than about 0.08 wt. % Fe, or less.
  • the balance (remainder) of the new magnesium-zinc aluminum alloys is generally aluminum and other elements, where the new magnesium-zinc aluminum alloys include not greater than 0.15 wt. % each of these other elements, and with the total of these other elements does not exceed 0.35 wt. %.
  • other elements includes any elements of the periodic table other than the above-identified elements, i.e., any elements other than Al, Mg, Zn, Cu, Si, Fe, Zr, Sc, Cr, Mn, Ti, Hf, V, and rare earth elements.
  • a new magnesium-zinc aluminum alloy includes not greater than 0.10 wt.
  • a new magnesium-zinc aluminum alloy includes not greater than 0.05 wt. % each of other elements, and with the total of these other elements not exceeding 0.15 wt. %. In yet another embodiment, a new magnesium-zinc aluminum alloy includes not greater than 0.03 wt. % each of other elements, and with the total of these other elements not exceeding 0.10 wt. %.
  • a magnesium-zinc aluminum alloy includes an amount of alloying elements that leaves the magnesium-zinc aluminum alloy free of, or substantially free of, soluble constituent particles after solution heat treating and quenching. In one embodiment, a magnesium-zinc aluminum alloy includes an amount of alloying elements that leaves the aluminum alloy with low amounts of (e.g., restricted/minimized) insoluble constituent particles after solution heat treating and quenching. In other embodiments, a magnesium-zinc aluminum alloy may benefit from controlled amounts of insoluble constituent particles.
  • the new magnesium-zinc aluminum alloys may be processed into a variety of wrought forms, such as in rolled form (sheet, plate), as an extrusion, or as a forging, and in a variety of tempers.
  • the new magnesium-zinc aluminum alloys may be cast (e.g., direct chill cast or continuously cast), and then worked (hot and/or cold worked) into the appropriate product form (sheet, plate, extrusion, or forging).
  • the new magnesium-zinc aluminum alloys may be processed into one of a T temper and a W temper, as defined by the Aluminum Association.
  • a new magnesium-zinc aluminum alloy is processed to a “T temper” (thermally treated).
  • the new magnesium-zinc aluminum alloys may be processed to any of a T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8 or T9 temper, as defined by the Aluminum Association.
  • a new magnesium-zinc aluminum alloy is processed to one of a T4, T6 or T7 temper, where the new magnesium-zinc aluminum alloy is solution heat treated, and then quenched, and then either naturally aged (T4) or artificially aged (T6 or T7).
  • a new magnesium-zinc aluminum alloys is processed to one of a T3 or T8 temper, where the new magnesium-zinc aluminum alloy is solution heat treated, and then quenched, and then cold worked, and then either naturally aged (T3) or artificially aged (T8).
  • a new magnesium-zinc aluminum alloy is processed to an “W temper” (solution heat treated), as defined by the Aluminum Association.
  • W temper solution heat treated
  • no solution heat treatment is applied after working the aluminum alloy into the appropriate product form, and thus the new magnesium-zinc aluminum alloys may be processed to an “F temper” (as fabricated), as defined by the Aluminum Association.
  • the new magnesium-zinc aluminum alloys may be used in a variety of applications, such as in an automotive application or an aerospace application.
  • the new magnesium-zinc aluminum alloys are used in an aerospace application, such as wing skins (upper and lower) or stringers/stiffeners, fuselage skin or stringers, ribs, frames, spars, seat tracks, bulkheads, circumferential frames, empennage (such as horizontal and vertical stabilizers), floor beams, seat tracks, doors, and control surface components (e.g., rudders, ailerons) among others.
  • aerospace application such as wing skins (upper and lower) or stringers/stiffeners, fuselage skin or stringers, ribs, frames, spars, seat tracks, bulkheads, circumferential frames, empennage (such as horizontal and vertical stabilizers), floor beams, seat tracks, doors, and control surface components (e.g., rudders, ailerons) among others.
  • the new magnesium-zinc aluminum alloys are used in an automotive application, such as closure panels (e.g., hoods, fenders, doors, roofs, and trunk lids, among others), wheels, and critical strength applications, such as in body-in-white (e.g., pillars, reinforcements) applications, among others.
  • closure panels e.g., hoods, fenders, doors, roofs, and trunk lids, among others
  • wheels e.g., pillars, reinforcements
  • FIGS. 1-3 are graphs illustrating results of Example 1.
  • FIG. 4 contains micrographs of alloys of Example 1 showing their corrosion resistance.
  • the ingots were processed to a T6-style temper. Specifically, the ingots were homogenized, hot rolled to 0.5′′ gauge, solution heat treated and cold water quenched, and then stretched about 1-2% for flatness. The products were then naturally aged at least 96 hours at room temperature and then artificially aged at various temperatures for various times (shown below). After aging, mechanical properties were measured, the results of which are provided in Tables 2-4, below. Strength and elongation properties were measured in accordance with ASTM E8 and B557. Charpy impact energy tests were performed according to ASTM E23-07a.
  • the invention alloys having at least 3.0 wt. % Zn achieve higher strengths than the non-invention alloys having 2.19 wt. % Zn or less.
  • the invention alloy also realize high charpy impact resistance, all realizing about 154-157 ft-lbf.
  • conventional alloy 6061 realized a charpy impact resistance of about 85 ft-lbf under similar processing conditions.
  • the invention alloys also realized good intergranular corrosion resistance. Alloys 3, 4 and 6 were tested for intergranular corrosion in accordance with ASTM G110. Conventional alloy 6061 was also tested for comparison purposes. As shown in FIG. 4 and in Table 5, below, the invention alloys realized improved intergranular corrosion resistance as compared to conventional alloy 6061.
  • Alloy 6 of Example 1 was also processed with high cold work after solution heat treatment. Specifically, Alloy 6 was hot rolled to an intermediate gauge of 1.0 inch, solution heat treated, cold water quenched, and then cold rolled 50% (i.e., reduced in thickness by 50%) to a final gauge of 0.5 inch, thereby inducing 50% cold work. Alloy 6 was then artificially aged at 350° F. for 0.5 hour and 2 hours. Before and after aging, mechanical properties were measured, the results of which are provided in Table 6, below. Strength and elongation properties were measured in accordance with ASTM E8 and B557.
  • the 0.5 inch plate realizes high strength and with good elongation, achieving about a peak tensile yield strength of about 59 ksi, with an elongation of about 16% and with only 30 minutes of aging.
  • conventional alloy 5083 at similar thickness generally realizes a tensile yield strength (LT) of about 36 ksi at similar elongation and similar corrosion resistance.

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US13/791,989 2013-03-09 2013-03-09 Heat treatable aluminum alloys having magnesium and zinc and methods for producing the same Active 2034-08-12 US9315885B2 (en)

Priority Applications (12)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13/791,989 US9315885B2 (en) 2013-03-09 2013-03-09 Heat treatable aluminum alloys having magnesium and zinc and methods for producing the same
PCT/US2014/021169 WO2014164196A1 (en) 2013-03-09 2014-03-06 Heat treatable aluminum alloys having magnesium and zinc and methods for producing the same
EP14778249.4A EP2964799B1 (en) 2013-03-09 2014-03-06 Product from heat treatable aluminum alloys having magnesium and zinc
JP2015561651A JP6535603B2 (ja) 2013-03-09 2014-03-06 マグネシウム及び亜鉛を有する熱処理可能なアルミニウム合金及びその生成方法
CN201910562619.4A CN110241335A (zh) 2013-03-09 2014-03-06 包含镁和锌的可热处理铝合金及其制备方法
CN201480013201.3A CN105008565A (zh) 2013-03-09 2014-03-06 包含镁和锌的可热处理铝合金及其制备方法
KR1020157025422A KR102285212B1 (ko) 2013-03-09 2014-03-06 마그네슘 및 아연을 갖는 열처리성 알루미늄 합금 및 이의 제조 방법
CA2900443A CA2900443C (en) 2013-03-09 2014-03-06 Heat treatable aluminum alloys having magnesium and zinc and methods for producing the same
US15/087,636 US9580775B2 (en) 2013-03-09 2016-03-31 Heat treatable aluminum alloys having magnesium and zinc and methods for producing the same
US15/424,652 US9850556B2 (en) 2013-03-09 2017-02-03 Heat treatable aluminum alloys having magnesium and zinc and methods for producing the same
US15/832,631 US20180094339A1 (en) 2013-03-09 2017-12-05 Heat treatable aluminum alloys having magnesium and zinc and methods for producing the same
JP2019040297A JP7146672B2 (ja) 2013-03-09 2019-03-06 マグネシウム及び亜鉛を有する熱処理可能なアルミニウム合金及びその生成方法

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US15/424,652 Active US9850556B2 (en) 2013-03-09 2017-02-03 Heat treatable aluminum alloys having magnesium and zinc and methods for producing the same
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US15/832,631 Abandoned US20180094339A1 (en) 2013-03-09 2017-12-05 Heat treatable aluminum alloys having magnesium and zinc and methods for producing the same

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EP (1) EP2964799B1 (ja)
JP (2) JP6535603B2 (ja)
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US9580775B2 (en) * 2013-03-09 2017-02-28 Arconic Inc. Heat treatable aluminum alloys having magnesium and zinc and methods for producing the same
US11608551B2 (en) 2017-10-31 2023-03-21 Howmet Aerospace Inc. Aluminum alloys, and methods for producing the same
US12123078B2 (en) 2021-08-12 2024-10-22 Howmet Aerospace Inc. Aluminum-magnesium-zinc aluminum alloys

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