US8420268B2 - Fuel cell system - Google Patents

Fuel cell system Download PDF

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Publication number
US8420268B2
US8420268B2 US12/524,645 US52464508A US8420268B2 US 8420268 B2 US8420268 B2 US 8420268B2 US 52464508 A US52464508 A US 52464508A US 8420268 B2 US8420268 B2 US 8420268B2
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fuel cell
scavenging
impedance
time
gas
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US20100081022A1 (en
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Tomonori Imamura
Kenichiro Sasamoto
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04253—Means for solving freezing problems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04537—Electric variables
    • H01M8/04604—Power, energy, capacity or load
    • H01M8/04619—Power, energy, capacity or load of fuel cell stacks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04537—Electric variables
    • H01M8/04634—Other electric variables, e.g. resistance or impedance
    • H01M8/04649—Other electric variables, e.g. resistance or impedance of fuel cell stacks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04828—Humidity; Water content
    • H01M8/0485—Humidity; Water content of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04955—Shut-off or shut-down of fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04492—Humidity; Ambient humidity; Water content
    • H01M8/04529—Humidity; Ambient humidity; Water content of the electrolyte
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fuel cell system which receives a supplied reactant gas to generate a power.
  • a fuel cell stack is an energy conversion system for supplying a fuel gas and an oxidizing gas to a membrane-electrode assembly to cause an electrochemical reaction, thereby converting chemical energy into electric energy.
  • a solid polymer electrolyte type fuel cell stack in which a solid polymer film is used as an electrolyte is easily made compact at a low cost, and additionally it has a high output density, so that the use application of the stack as a car-mounted power source is expected.
  • Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-246053
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell system capable of performing failsafe processing in a case where the scavenging execution time cannot correctly be estimated.
  • a fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell; a scavenging device which supplies a scavenging gas to the fuel cell; an AC impedance measuring unit which measures an AC impedance of the fuel cell at a scavenging start and which measures an AC impedance of the fuel cell at a time when a predetermined time has elapsed from the scavenging start; a scavenging execution time estimation unit which estimates a scavenging execution time based on the AC impedance measured at the scavenging start, the AC impedance measured at the time when the predetermined time has elapsed from the scavenging start, and the predetermined time; and an error processing unit which forcibly terminates scavenging processing if any AC impedance is not measured at the time when the predetermined time has elapsed from the scavenging start.
  • the scavenging execution time cannot correctly be estimated, and the fuel cell is sometimes excessively dried. Consequently, in such a case, the scavenging processing can forcibly be terminated to prevent the excessive drying.
  • the scavenging execution time estimation unit preferably estimates the scavenging execution time by use of an interpolating function.
  • the change of the AC impedance with an elapse of time during the scavenging processing can be approximated to a specific function curve, so that estimation precision can be improved by using the interpolating function.
  • the time when the predetermined time has elapsed from the scavenging start may be a time when the absolute value of the temperature change rate of the fuel cell becomes less than a predetermined threshold value, or a predetermined fixed time.
  • the AC impedance is measured at a time when it is anticipated that the water content in the fuel cell lowers as much as possible, whereby the estimation precision of the scavenging execution time can be improved.
  • FIG. 1 is a constitution diagram of a fuel cell system according to the present embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of a cell
  • FIG. 3 is an equivalent circuit diagram showing cell electric characteristics
  • FIG. 4 is a graph showing an AC impedance of a fuel cell stack on a complex plane
  • FIG. 5 is a functional block diagram of a control unit associated with scavenging processing
  • FIG. 6A is a timing chart showing the on/off state of an ignition switch
  • FIG. 6B is a graph showing the temperature change rate of a fuel cell stack
  • FIG. 6C is a timing chart of an AC impedance measurement instruction given to an AC impedance measuring unit
  • FIG. 6D is a timing chart showing the value of the AC impedance stored in a measurement memory
  • FIG. 6E is a timing chart showing that an error termination flag turns on/off
  • FIG. 6F is a timing chart showing the flow rate of air supplied to the fuel cell stack
  • FIG. 7A is a timing chart showing the on/off state of the ignition switch
  • FIG. 7B is a graph showing the temperature change rate of the fuel cell stack
  • FIG. 7C is a timing chart of the AC impedance measurement instruction given to the AC impedance measuring unit
  • FIG. 7D is a timing chart showing the value of the AC impedance stored in the measurement memory
  • FIG. 7E is a timing chart showing that an error termination flag turns on/off.
  • FIG. 7F is a timing chart showing the air flow rate supplied to the fuel cell stack.
  • FIG. 1 shows a system constitution of a fuel cell system 10 according to the present embodiment.
  • the fuel cell system 10 functions as a car-mounted power source system mounted on a fuel cell vehicle, and includes a fuel cell stack 20 which receives a supplied hydrogen gas (a fuel gas, an oxidizing gas) to generate a power; an oxidizing gas supply system 30 for supplying air as the oxidizing gas to the fuel cell stack 20 ; a fuel gas supply system 40 for supplying a hydrogen gas as the fuel gas to the fuel cell stack 20 ; a power system 50 for controlling the charge/discharge of the power; a cooling system 60 for cooling the fuel cell stack 20 ; and a control unit (ECU) 90 which controls the whole system.
  • a supplied hydrogen gas a fuel gas, an oxidizing gas
  • an oxidizing gas supply system 30 for supplying air as the oxidizing gas to the fuel cell stack 20
  • a fuel gas supply system 40 for supplying a hydrogen gas as the fuel gas to the fuel cell stack 20
  • a power system 50 for controlling the charge/discharge of the power
  • a cooling system 60 for cooling the fuel cell
  • the fuel cell stack 20 is a solid polymer electrolyte type cell stack in which a plurality of cells are stacked in series.
  • an oxidizing reaction of formula (1) occurs in an anode pole
  • a reducing reaction of formula (2) occurs in a cathode pole.
  • an electromotive reaction of formula (3) occurs in the whole fuel cell stack 20 .
  • a voltage sensor 71 for detecting the output voltage of the fuel cell stack 20 and a current sensor 72 for detecting a power generation current.
  • the oxidizing gas supply system 30 has an oxidizing gas passage 34 through which the oxidizing gas to be supplied to the cathode pole of the fuel cell stack 20 flows, and an oxidizing off gas passage 36 through which an oxidizing off gas discharged from the fuel cell stack 20 flows.
  • the oxidizing gas passage 34 is provided with an air compressor 32 which takes the oxidizing gas from the atmosphere through a filter 31 , a humidifier 33 which humidifies the oxidizing gas to be supplied to the cathode pole of the fuel cell stack 20 , and a throttle valve 35 for regulating the amount of the oxidizing gas to be supplied.
  • the oxidizing off gas passage 36 is provided with a back pressure regulation valve 37 for regulating an oxidizing gas supply pressure, and the humidifier 33 which performs water content exchange between the oxidizing gas (a dry gas) and the oxidizing off gas (a wet gas).
  • the fuel gas supply system 40 has a fuel gas supply source 41 ; a fuel gas passage 45 through which the fuel gas to be supplied from the fuel gas supply source 41 to the anode pole of the fuel cell stack 20 flows; a circulation passage 46 for returning, to the fuel gas passage 45 , a fuel off gas discharged from the fuel cell stack 20 ; a circulation pump 47 which feeds, to a fuel gas passage 45 , the fuel off gas under pressure in the circulation passage 46 ; and a gas/water discharge passage 48 branched from and connected to the circulation passage 47 .
  • the fuel gas supply source 41 is constituted of, for example, a high-pressure hydrogen tank, a hydrogen occluded alloy or the like, and receives the hydrogen gas with a high pressure (e.g., 35 MPa to 70 MPa).
  • a block valve 42 When a block valve 42 is opened, the fuel gas is discharged from the fuel gas supply source 41 to the fuel gas passage 45 .
  • the pressure of the fuel gas is decreased to, for example, about 200 kPa by the regulator 43 and an injector 44 , and the gas is supplied to the fuel cell stack 20 .
  • the fuel gas supply source 41 may be constituted of a reformer which forms a hydrogen-rich reformed gas from a hydrocarbon-based fuel, and a high-pressure gas tank which brings the reformed gas formed by this reformer into a high-pressure state to accumulate the pressure.
  • the regulator 43 is a device which regulates the upstream pressure (the primary pressure) of the regulator into a preset secondary pressure, and is constituted of, for example, a mechanical pressure reduction valve or the like which decreases the primary pressure.
  • the mechanical pressure reduction valve has a housing provided with a back pressure chamber and a pressure regulation chamber formed via a diaphragm, and has a constitution in which the primary pressure is decreased to a predetermined pressure by the back pressure of the back pressure chamber to form the secondary pressure in the pressure regulation chamber.
  • the injector 44 is an electromagnetic driving type opening/closing valve in which a valve body is directly driven with an electromagnetic driving force for a predetermined driving period and detached from a valve seat, whereby a gas flow rate or a gas pressure can be regulated.
  • the injector 44 includes the valve seat having jet holes which jet a gas fuel such as the fuel gas, and also includes a nozzle body which supplies and guides the gas fuel to the jet holes, and the valve body movably received and held in an axial direction (a gas flow direction) with respect to this nozzle body to open or close the jet holes.
  • the gas/water discharge passage 48 is provided with a gas/water discharge valve 49 .
  • the gas/water discharge valve 49 operates in accordance with a command from the control unit 90 to discharge, from the system, the fuel off gas including impurities in the circulation passage 46 and a water content.
  • the concentration of the impurities in the fuel off gas of the circulation passage 46 lowers, and the concentration of hydrogen in the fuel off gas circulated through a circulation system can be raised.
  • the fuel off gas discharged through the gas/water discharge valve 49 is mixed with the oxidizing off gas flowing through the oxidizing off gas passage 34 , and is diluted by a diluter (not shown).
  • the circulation pump 47 is driven by a motor to circulate and supply the fuel off gas of the circulation system to the fuel cell stack 20 .
  • the power system 50 includes a DC/DC converter 51 , a battery 52 , a traction inverter 53 , a traction motor 54 and auxiliary machines 55 .
  • the DC/DC converter 51 is power conversion means having a function of raising a direct-current voltage supplied from the battery 52 to output the voltage to the traction inverter 53 and a function of lowering a direct-current power generated by the fuel cell stack 20 or a regenerative power collected by the traction motor 54 by regenerative braking to charge the battery 52 .
  • the charging/discharging of the battery 52 is controlled by these functions of the DC/DC converter 51 .
  • an operation point (the output voltage, the output current) of the fuel cell stack 20 is controlled by voltage conversion control of the DC/DC converter 51 .
  • the battery 52 functions as a storage source of an excessive power, a regenerative energy storage source during the regenerative braking, or an energy buffer during load fluctuation accompanying acceleration or deceleration of the fuel cell vehicle.
  • a nickel/cadmium accumulator battery, a nickel/hydrogen accumulator battery, or a secondary battery such as a lithium secondary battery is preferable.
  • the traction inverter 53 is, for example, a PWM inverter driven by a pulse width modulation system, and converts the direct-current voltage output from the fuel cell stack 20 or the battery 52 into a three-phase alternate-current voltage in accordance with a control instruction from the control unit 90 to control the rotary torque of the traction motor 54 .
  • the traction motor 54 is, for example, a three-phase alternate-current motor, and constitutes a power source of the fuel cell vehicle.
  • the auxiliary machines 55 generically include motors arranged in units of the fuel cell system 10 (e.g., power sources for pumps and the like), inverters for driving these motors, and any type of car-mounted auxiliary machine (e.g., an air compressor, an injector, a cooling water circulation pump, a radiator or the like).
  • motors arranged in units of the fuel cell system 10 (e.g., power sources for pumps and the like), inverters for driving these motors, and any type of car-mounted auxiliary machine (e.g., an air compressor, an injector, a cooling water circulation pump, a radiator or the like).
  • the cooling system 60 includes refrigerant passages 61 , 62 , 63 and 64 for circulating a refrigerant through the fuel cell stack 20 ; a circulation pump 65 for feeding the refrigerant under pressure; a radiator 66 for performing heat exchange between the refrigerant and outside air; a three-way valve 67 for switching a circulation path of the refrigerant; and a temperature sensor 74 for detecting a refrigerant temperature.
  • the opening/closing of the three-way valve 67 is controlled so that the refrigerant discharged from the fuel cell stack 20 flows through the refrigerant passages 61 , 64 , is cooled by the radiator 66 , and then flows through the refrigerant passage 63 to flow into the fuel cell stack 20 again.
  • the opening/closing of the three-way valve 67 is controlled so that the refrigerant discharged from the fuel cell stack 20 flows through the refrigerant passages 61 , 62 and 63 to flow into the fuel cell stack 20 again.
  • the control unit 90 is a computer system including a CPU, an ROM, an RAM, an input/output interface and the like, and functions as control means for controlling the units (the oxidizing gas supply system 30 , the fuel gas supply system 40 , the power system 50 and the cooling system 60 ) of the fuel cell system 10 .
  • the control unit 90 starts the operation of the fuel cell system 10 to obtain the demanded power of the whole system based on an accelerator open degree signal ACC output from an accelerator sensor, a vehicle speed signal VC output from a vehicle speed sensor and the like.
  • the demanded power of the whole system is a total value of a vehicle running power and an auxiliary machine power.
  • the auxiliary machine power includes a power consumed by a car-mounted auxiliary machine (the humidifier, the air compressor, the hydrogen pump, the cooling water circulation pump or the like), a power consumed by a device (a change gear, a wheel control device, a steering device, a suspension device or the like) necessary for the running of a vehicle, a power consumed by a device arranged in a passenger space (an air conditioner, a light fixture, an audio or the like) and the like.
  • control unit 90 determines distribution of the output powers of the fuel cell stack 20 and the battery 52 , calculates a power generation instruction value, and controls the oxidizing gas supply system 30 and the fuel gas supply system 40 so that the amount of the power to be generated by the fuel cell stack 20 coincides with a target power. Furthermore, the control unit 90 controls the DC/DC converter 51 to regulate the output voltage of the fuel cell stack 20 , thereby controlling the operation point (the output voltage, the output current) of the fuel cell stack 20 .
  • control unit 90 outputs, for example, U-phase, V-phase and W-phase alternate-current voltage instruction values as switching instructions to the traction inverter 53 , and controls an output torque and a rotation number of the traction motor 54 .
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of a cell 21 constituting the fuel cell stack 20 .
  • the cell 21 is constituted of an electrolytic film 22 , an anode pole 23 , a cathode pole 24 and separators 26 , 27 .
  • the anode pole 23 and the cathode pole 24 are diffusion electrodes which sandwich the electrolytic film 22 from both sides to constitute a sandwich structure.
  • the separators 26 , 27 constituted of gas impermeable conductive members further sandwich this sandwich structure from both sides, while forming the passages of the fuel gas and the oxidizing gas between the anode pole 23 and the cathode pole 24 .
  • the separator 26 is provided with ribs 26 a having recessed sections.
  • the anode pole 23 abuts on the ribs 26 a to close openings of the ribs 26 a , thereby forming a fuel gas passage.
  • the separator 27 is provided with ribs 27 a having recessed sections.
  • the cathode pole 24 abuts on the ribs 27 a to close openings of the ribs 27 a , thereby forming an oxidizing gas passage.
  • the anode pole 23 has a catalyst layer 23 a including carbon powder carrying a platinum-based metal catalyst (Pt, Pt—Fe, Pt—Cr, Pt—Ni, Pt—Ru or the like) as a main component, the catalyst layer coming in contact with the electrolytic film 22 ; and a gas diffusion layer 23 b formed on the surface of the catalyst layer 23 a and having both gas permeability and electron conductivity.
  • the cathode pole 24 has a catalyst layer 24 a and a gas diffusion layer 24 b .
  • the carbon powder carrying platinum or an alloy made of platinum and another metal is dispersed in an appropriate organic solvent, and an electrolytic solution is added as much as an appropriate amount, pasted and screen-printed on the electrolytic film 22 .
  • the gas diffusion layers 23 b , 24 b are formed of carbon cloth woven with a thread made of a carbon fiber, carbon paper or carbon felt.
  • the electrolytic film 22 is a proton conductive ion exchange membrane formed of a solid polymer material, for example, a fluorine-based resin, and exerts satisfactory electric conductivity in a wet state.
  • the electrolytic film 22 , the anode pole 23 and the cathode pole 24 form a membrane-electrode assembly 25 .
  • FIG. 3 is an equivalent circuit diagram showing the electric characteristics of the cell 21 .
  • the equivalent circuit of the cell 21 has a circuit constitution where R 1 is connected in series to a circuit in which R 2 and C are connected to each other in parallel.
  • R 1 corresponds to an electric resistor of the electrolytic film 22
  • R 2 corresponds to a resistor into which an activation overvoltage and a diffusion overvoltage are converted.
  • C corresponds to an electric double layer capacity formed on an interface between the anode pole 23 and the electrolytic film 22 and an interface between the cathode pole 24 and the electrolytic film 22 .
  • FIG. 4 is a graph showing the AC impedance of the fuel cell stack 20 on a complex plane.
  • the abscissa indicates a real part of the AC impedance, and the ordinate indicates an imaginary part of the AC impedance.
  • ⁇ is the angular frequency of the sinusoidal current.
  • the AC impedance obtained at a time when the frequency of the sinusoidal signal is changed between the high frequency and the low frequency draws a semicircle as shown in FIG. 4 .
  • R 1 and R 2 in the equivalent circuit of the fuel cell stack 20 can be measured separately from each other.
  • R 1 is larger than a predetermined value and the output of the fuel cell stack 20 lowers, the electrolytic film 22 dries to increase the resistance overvoltage, and it can be judged that the lowering of the conductivity is a cause for the lowering of the output.
  • R 2 is larger than a predetermined value and the output of the fuel cell stack 20 lowers, water is excessively present on the surfaces of the electrodes, and it can be judged that the increase of the diffusion overvoltage is the cause.
  • FIG. 5 is a functional block diagram of the control unit 90 associated with scavenging processing.
  • the control unit 90 includes a voltage instruction unit 91 , an AC impedance measuring unit 92 , a measurement memory 93 , a scavenging execution time estimation unit 94 and an error processing unit 95 , and these units cooperate to function as scavenging control means.
  • the AC impedance measurement of the fuel cell stack 20 by the control unit 90 is performed by the following procedure.
  • the voltage instruction unit 91 superimposes the sinusoidal signal on a predetermined direct-current voltage to form a voltage instruction value, to output such a voltage instruction value to the DC/DC converter 51 .
  • the DC/DC converter 51 operates based on the voltage instruction value, and converts the direct-current power accumulated in the battery 52 into an alternate-current power to apply the sinusoidal signal to the fuel cell stack 20 .
  • the AC impedance measuring unit 92 samples a response voltage detected by the voltage sensor 71 and a response current detected by the current sensor 72 with a predetermined sampling rate, performs fast Fourier transform processing (FFT processing), divides the response voltage and the response current into real components and imaginary components, respectively, divides the response voltage subjected to the FFT processing by the response current subjected to the FFT processing to calculate the real component and the imaginary component of the AC impedance, and calculates a distance r and a phase angle ⁇ from an origin of the complex plane.
  • FFT processing fast Fourier transform processing
  • the current flowing through the fuel cell stack 20 involves the movement of charge due to a chemical reaction. Therefore, when the amplitude of an alternate-current signal is increased, a reaction amount (a gas use ratio) with respect to the amount of the supplied gas fluctuates. When the gas use ratio fluctuates, an error is sometimes generated in the measurement of the AC impedance.
  • the alternate-current component of the signal applied to the fuel cell stack 20 during the measurement of the AC impedance is preferably about several % of the direct-current component.
  • the AC impedance measuring unit 92 stores the value of the AC impedance measured as described above in the measurement memory 93 .
  • the scavenging execution time estimation unit 94 estimates a scavenging execution time based on the value of the AC impedance stored in the measurement memory 93 .
  • the error processing unit 95 performs error processing (processing for forcibly terminating scavenging processing) as failsafe processing.
  • FIG. 6A shows the on/off state of an ignition switch
  • FIG. 6B shows the temperature change rate of the fuel cell stack 20
  • FIG. 6C shows an AC impedance measurement instruction given to the AC impedance measuring unit 92
  • FIG. 6D shows the value of the AC impedance stored in the measurement memory 93
  • FIG. 6E shows an error termination flag
  • FIG. 6F shows the flow rate of air supplied to the fuel cell stack 20 .
  • the fuel cell stack 20 When the ignition switch turns off at a time t 1 , the fuel cell stack 20 has a power generating state before the time t 1 , and the AC impedance measurement instruction is given to the AC impedance measuring unit 92 at a fixed cycle interval ( FIG. 6C ). At this time, the value of the AC impedance stored in the measurement memory 93 is successively updated to the latest value ( FIG. 6D ). Moreover, the flow rate of the air supplied to the fuel cell stack 20 is controlled to a flow rate F 1 which matches a power generation request ( FIG. 6F ).
  • the scavenging processing is processing of driving the air compressor 32 as a scavenging device and allowing pressurized air as a scavenging gas to flow through a gas channel in the fuel cell stack 20 , thereby adequately regulating a wet state in the gas channel.
  • the scavenging processing presets the AC impedance at a time when the inside of the fuel cell stack 20 comes in an optimum wet state, as a target AC impedance Z 3 , and regulates the scavenging execution time to match the AC impedance of the fuel cell stack 20 with the target AC impedance Z 3 .
  • the flow rate of the air supplied to the fuel cell stack 20 during the execution of the scavenging processing is controlled to a scavenging flow rate F 2 ( FIG. 6F ).
  • the control unit 90 measures an AC impedance Z 2 of the fuel cell stack 20 at the time t 2 , and updates the latest AC impedance value stored in the measurement memory 93 from Z 1 to Z 2 .
  • the time t 2 is preferably a time when it is anticipated that the water content in the fuel cell stack 20 decreases as much as possible.
  • the measurement of the AC impedance is preferably performed at the time when the absolute value of the temperature change rate of the fuel cell stack 20 falls below the predetermined threshold value as described above, or when a predetermined time (a fixed time) has elapsed from the scavenging processing start.
  • the scavenging execution time estimation unit 94 estimates a scavenging execution time T 2 required to match the AC impedance with the target AC impedance Z 3 by use of an interpolating function CF based on the AC impedance Z 1 measured at the time t 1 , the AC impedance Z 2 measured at the time t 2 , and a time T 1 elapsed from the time 1 to the time t 2 .
  • the interpolating function CF is a function for estimating a target coordinate (t 3 , Z 3 ) based on at least two measurement coordinates, for example, (t 1 , Z 1 ) and (t 2 , Z 2 ), and is obtained by an experiment or the like.
  • a quadratic function is preferable.
  • the AC impedance measuring unit 92 ends the scavenging processing at the time t 3 ( FIG. 6F ).
  • the scavenging processing is started at the time t 1 , and the AC impedance measurement instruction is given to the AC impedance measuring unit 92 at the time t 2 when the absolute value of the temperature change rate of the fuel cell stack 20 falls below the threshold value Vt ( FIG. 7C ).
  • the AC impedance cannot correctly be measured owing to a certain factor (e.g., the influence of noise or the like)
  • an error flag turns on ( FIG. 7E )
  • the error processing unit 95 forcibly terminates the scavenging processing ( FIG. 7F ).
  • the scavenging processing is forcibly terminated, whereby the excessive drying of the fuel cell stack 20 can be avoided, and the damage and the like of the fuel cell system 10 can be avoided.
  • the fuel cell system 10 may be mounted as a power source of a mobile body (a robot, a ship, an airplane or the like) other than the fuel cell vehicle.
  • the fuel cell system 10 according to the present embodiment may be used as a power generation facility (a stational power generation system) of a housing, a building or the like.
  • a fuel cell system capable of performing failsafe processing in a case where a scavenging execution time cannot correctly be estimated.
US12/524,645 2007-05-10 2008-04-23 Fuel cell system Active 2029-10-16 US8420268B2 (en)

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JP2007125447A JP4894608B2 (ja) 2007-05-10 2007-05-10 燃料電池システム
JP2007-125447 2007-05-10
PCT/JP2008/058302 WO2008142972A1 (ja) 2007-05-10 2008-04-23 燃料電池システム

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US11933855B2 (en) 2021-11-18 2024-03-19 Hyundai Motor Company Apparatus for measuring impedance of fuel cell for vehicle and method thereof

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DE112008000987B4 (de) 2015-07-23
US20100081022A1 (en) 2010-04-01
CN101622746B (zh) 2012-08-22
KR20090128544A (ko) 2009-12-15
DE112008000987T5 (de) 2010-02-04
JP2008282658A (ja) 2008-11-20
WO2008142972A1 (ja) 2008-11-27
JP4894608B2 (ja) 2012-03-14
KR101136500B1 (ko) 2012-04-19

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