US7386228B2 - Image taking apparatus and image taking method - Google Patents

Image taking apparatus and image taking method Download PDF

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US7386228B2
US7386228B2 US11/298,846 US29884605A US7386228B2 US 7386228 B2 US7386228 B2 US 7386228B2 US 29884605 A US29884605 A US 29884605A US 7386228 B2 US7386228 B2 US 7386228B2
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image
image taking
images
time
split
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US20060127084A1 (en
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Kouji Okada
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Canon Inc
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Canon Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/70—Circuitry for compensating brightness variation in the scene
    • H04N23/73—Circuitry for compensating brightness variation in the scene by influencing the exposure time
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/95—Computational photography systems, e.g. light-field imaging systems
    • H04N23/951—Computational photography systems, e.g. light-field imaging systems by using two or more images to influence resolution, frame rate or aspect ratio
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/60—Control of cameras or camera modules
    • H04N23/68—Control of cameras or camera modules for stable pick-up of the scene, e.g. compensating for camera body vibrations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/60—Control of cameras or camera modules
    • H04N23/68—Control of cameras or camera modules for stable pick-up of the scene, e.g. compensating for camera body vibrations
    • H04N23/682—Vibration or motion blur correction
    • H04N23/684—Vibration or motion blur correction performed by controlling the image sensor readout, e.g. by controlling the integration time
    • H04N23/6845—Vibration or motion blur correction performed by controlling the image sensor readout, e.g. by controlling the integration time by combination of a plurality of images sequentially taken

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an image taking apparatus and an image taking method for improving an image quality of a taken image by correcting image blur caused by hand shake.
  • an optical image stabilizer that detects vibration of the camera due to hand shake and displaces a correction lens in a plane orthogonal to an optical axis in accordance with a result of the determination is widely used.
  • high quality image blurring correction is carried out by driving shake correcting optical means that decenters an image taking optical axis on the basis of an output of a vibration detection section.
  • the camera shake at the time of taking an image is, in an ordinary case, a vibration of a frequency of 1 to 10 Hz.
  • Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. H05-7336 discloses a method in which an exposure time required for image taking is divided into multiple time periods, a plurality of times of image taking is repeated in a short exposure time to the extent that no hand shake occurs, positional deviations between a plurality of the obtained images are corrected, and thus a combined taken image of a part in which the position of the images are matched is obtained.
  • a digital camera has been more and more miniaturized.
  • the size of the digital camera is made small so as to be embedded in portable electronic apparatuses such as a cellular phone.
  • vibration or shake applied to the camera there is an angular vibration that is the vibration around a given axis and shift vibration that shakes the camera in parallel directions.
  • the angular vibration can be corrected by the optical image stabilizer, however, it is difficult to countermeasure the shift vibration.
  • a motion vector of the screen is determined by the image taking element, a range of reading the image is varied in accordance with the motion vector, and thereby a motion picture without blur is obtained.
  • the motion vector is extracted for each reading of the image and in a case where fifteen frames are extracted per one second, for example, it is necessary to determine the motion vector by comparing the extracted images to one another.
  • most of the cameras are provided with a rapid shooting function for continuously taking a plurality of still images with one single operation of a release switch.
  • An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems that occur when a continuous or rapid shooting function is used.
  • image taking is repeated a plurality of times with an exposure time in which no hand shake is likely to occur, and images obtained by the plurality of times of image picking up are corrected in terms of positional deviation while being subjected to combination.
  • the image taking apparatus and the image taking method according to the present invention it is possible to obtain consecutive still or still images without making the time for image taking long, and carry out correction of blurring of the images. Further, according to the present invention, the image taking apparatus can be downsized to a size small enough to allow the operability to be favorable to the photographer.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural view of a block circuit of a camera
  • FIG. 2 is an explanatory view for explaining coordinate conversion
  • FIGS. 3A and 3B are explanatory views for explaining extraction of characteristic points
  • FIG. 4 is a timing chart showing a state where image stabilization is OFF in a single shooting mode
  • FIG. 5 is a timing chart showing a state where image stabilization is ON in a single shooting mode
  • FIG. 6 is a timing chart at the time of continuous shooting mode
  • FIG. 7 is a graph showing a relationship between a image taking time and a taken number at the time of continuous shooting mode
  • FIG. 8 is a flow chart of an image taking processing operation
  • FIG. 9 is a flow chart of a processing operation at the time of continuous shooting mode.
  • FIG. 10 is a timing chart of sound production at the time of continuous shooting mode.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural view of a block circuit of a camera of this embodiment.
  • an aperture 2 configured by a semiconductor image taking element such as a MOS and CCD are arranged in the stated order.
  • an image taking unit 4 configured by a semiconductor image taking element such as a MOS and CCD are arranged in the stated order.
  • the image taking lens 1 can be moved by an AF (automatic focus) drive motor 5 and a zoom drive motor 6 in a direction of the optical axis O.
  • AF automatic focus
  • An output of the image taking (pick-up) unit 4 is subjected to an A/D conversion by an A/D conversion unit 11 , and then the output of the image taking unit 4 is connected to a signal process unit 12 .
  • An output of the signal process unit 12 is connected to a signal switching unit 13 and an image taking control unit 14 .
  • An output of the signal switching unit 13 is serially connected to an image storing unit 15 , a shift detection unit 16 , a coordinate conversion unit 17 , an image combination unit 18 , an image correction unit 19 , and a display unit 20 configured by a liquid crystal provided at the back of the camera, and to a recording unit 21 such as a semiconductor memory attachable and detachable in relation to the camera.
  • the output of the signal switching unit 13 is directly connected to the image correction unit 19 also.
  • An output of the image correction unit 19 is also connected to the recording unit 21 .
  • An output of the image taking control unit 14 is connected to an image pick-up drive unit 22 that drives the signal switching unit 13 , the image combination unit 18 , and the image taking unit 4 .
  • an output of the image taking control unit 14 is connected to a shutter drive unit 23 that drives the shutter 3 , an aperture drive unit 24 that drives the aperture 2 , a focus drive unit 25 that drives the AF drive motor 5 , a zoom drive unit 26 that drives the zoom drive motor 6 , a strobe drive unit 28 that drives a strobe 27 , a sound production drive unit 30 that drives a speaker 29 , and the like.
  • an output of each of a release operation portion 31 , an aperture operation portion 32 , a zoom operation portion 33 , a strobe operation portion 34 , an image stabilizer operating portion 35 , and an image taking mode selection switch 36 are connected to the image taking control unit 14 .
  • a function for optically correcting image blur may be added to the camera, in addition to the function for correcting the image blur by combining the images.
  • the image taking lens 1 is configured by a plurality of optical lens groups.
  • a part of or all of the optical lens groups are moved on the optical axis O upon reception of a driving force from the AF drive motor 5 , and stops at a given focusing position to adjust the focus.
  • the AF drive motor 5 is driven by receiving a drive signal from the focus drive unit 25 driven by the image taking control unit 14 .
  • the optical lens group of one part of the image taking lens 1 is driven by the zoom drive motor 6 so as to move on the optical axis O, and stops at a given zooming position to change a photographing field angle.
  • the zoom drive motor 6 is driven by receiving the driving signal from the zoom drive unit 26 .
  • the aperture 2 is provided with a plurality of aperture blades.
  • the aperture blades of the aperture 2 is operated by the driving force from the aperture drive unit 24 , and thus an aperture diameter of an aperture area to be a light passing port is changed.
  • the shutter 3 is provided with a plurality of shutter blades.
  • the shutter 3 is driven by the shutter drive unit 23 and an opening part thereof that is a light passing port is opened and closed.
  • photographic light incident from the image taking lens 1 is restricted of a light amount thereof by the aperture 2 , and then passes through the shutter 3 and is made incident into the image taking unit 4 .
  • the strobe 27 emits light while receiving the driving signal from the strobe drive unit 28 .
  • the speaker 29 produces a sound upon reception of a driving signal from the sound production drive unit 30 .
  • the image taking control unit 14 outputs a control signal to the focus drive unit 25 , the zoom drive unit 26 , the aperture drive unit 24 , the shutter drive unit 23 , and the strobe drive unit 28 in accordance with a state of image taking of the camera and carries out image taking.
  • an aperture diameter of the aperture 2 and the emission of light of the strobe 27 are automatically set by the camera at the time of image taking, in an ordinary case. Therefore, the aperture operation portion 32 and the strobe operation portion 34 are not necessary in the ordinary case, however, the aperture operation portion 32 and the strobe operation portion 34 are provided for a case where the photographer arbitrarily sets the image taking conditions.
  • a video signal outputted from the image taking unit 4 is converted into a digital signal by the A/D conversion unit 11 , and is inputted to the signal process unit 12 .
  • the signal process unit 12 carries out a signal processing such as generating a luminance signal and a color signal in relation to the inputted signal, and forms a color video signal.
  • the video signal that is subjected to the signal processing by the signal process unit 12 is inputted to the image correction unit 19 via the signal switching unit 13 .
  • the image correction unit 19 gamma correction and compression processing of the inputted signal are carried out.
  • the signal from the image correction unit 19 is inputted to the display unit 20 and the recording unit 21 .
  • the taken image is displayed on the display unit 20 and is recorded into the recording unit 21 .
  • the switching between ON/OFF states of the image stabilizer may be performed by the photographer by operating the image stabilizer operating portion 35 , or otherwise, may be automatically set by the camera.
  • the two modes are, namely, a single shooting mode in which image taking is carried out a plurality of times by one operation of a release switch and combines the taken images to finally obtain one image, and a continuous shooting mode in which a plurality of images that are corrected with respect to image blur are finally obtained by one operation of the release switch.
  • the continuous shooting mode as described here does not mean split exposure intended for image stabilization, which is to be described later.
  • the continuous shooting mode refers to an image taking mode that has conventionally been provided to many types of cameras and is intended to finally obtain a plurality of images.
  • the exposure time by the shutter 3 and the aperture diameter of the aperture 2 are set.
  • the aperture is set to be fully open, and the exposure time is an exposure time for long time seconds.
  • the exposure time is divided into a plurality of short period of exposure times, and the image taking is repeated in a number of times equivalent to the number of divided exposure times.
  • each of the images obtained by the exposure is underexposed, however, each of the images is not so much affected by the hand shake due to the short exposure time thereof.
  • composition between each of the images is slightly misaligned or deviated due to the hand shake occurring during continuous shooting.
  • the combined image is blurred in a level equivalent to the deviation or misalignment of the composition of each of the images.
  • an image signal that is outputted from the image taking unit 4 in plurality for each of the exposure in accordance with the split exposure is converted into the digital signal by the A/D conversion unit 11 , and then is subjected to the signal processing in the signal process unit 12 .
  • the shift detection unit 16 extracts characteristic points within the image stored in the image storing unit 15 , and calculates positional coordinates of the characteristic points within image taking screen.
  • examination is made as to a case where a photograph is taken in which a person M stands in front of a building Ba, in a frame Fa, as shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the shift detection unit 16 extracts, of the building Ba that is located in the peripheral portion of the screen, an edge of a window Wa whose luminance is high, as a characteristic point Ca by edge detection.
  • the shift detection unit 16 compares the extracted characteristic point Ca with the characteristic point Cb extracted with respect to the edge of the window Wb of the frame Fb, and then carries out correction by coordinate conversion of the difference between the characteristic point Ca and the characteristic point Cb by the coordinate conversion unit 17 .
  • the characteristic point is selectively extracted from the peripheral portion of the image taking screen because of the reasons as described below.
  • the main subject is positioned in the vicinity of a central portion of the screen and also the main subject is a person.
  • the image taking is subjected not only to the hand shake of the photographer but also to the shake of the subject. Accordingly, coordinate conversion of the image is carried out on the basis of the shake of the subject.
  • the detection of deviation is affected by blinking of the eyes, while in a case where the ends of the fingers of the person is selected as the characteristic points, the hands and the fingers move frequently, and accordingly, the shake of the hands and the fingers is different from the actual shake of the whole portion of the subject.
  • positions of the coordinates are different from one another for each of the images, resulting in failure in obtaining a preferable image.
  • a preferable image can be obtained by selecting a static subject such as the building at the back of the person according to this embodiment as the characteristic point and carry out coordinate conversion of the images.
  • the images that are subjected to coordinate conversion are combined by the image combination unit 18 , then the combined image is subjected to gamma correction and compression processing of the inputted signal by the image correction unit 19 , and the resultant image is displayed on the display unit 20 and is recorded into the recording unit 21 .
  • the characteristic point Cb in the frame Fb is overlapped to the characteristic point Ca of the frame Fa in a manner as indicated by an arrow A, and the frame Fb is subjected to coordinate conversion.
  • FIGS. 3A and 3B are explanatory views of this processing.
  • buildings B 1 and B 2 in the peripheral portion of the screen of a first image P 1 as shown in FIG. 3A and a second image P 2 as shown in FIG. 3B respectively, edges of windows W 1 and W 2 which are of high luminance, are extracted as characteristic points C 1 and C 2 by edge detection.
  • the characteristic point C 1 in the first image P 1 and the characteristic point C 2 in the second image P 2 are compared to each other, and the difference between them is subjected to coordinate conversion and correction.
  • the coordinate conversion unit 17 carries out coordinate conversion of the second image P 2 by overlapping the characteristic point C 2 of the second image P 2 to the characteristic point C 1 of the first image P 1 .
  • the coordinate conversion unit 17 carries out coordinate conversion of the second group of images by overlapping the coordinates of the characteristic point C to the coordinates of the characteristic point C 1 that is defined with respect to the first image P 1 .
  • the coordinates of the characteristic point of each of the images are calculated for purposes of explanation.
  • relationship between the first image P 1 and the second image P 2 which is a first image frame of the second group of images, is calculated, then variance in pixels corresponding to each of the image P 1 and the image P 2 is calculated by the shift detection unit 16 as a motion vector which is the variance in the characteristic point C.
  • the variance in the characteristic point C is calculated by relational calculation with the first image P 1 , and thereafter in a similar way, the variance of the characteristic point of each of the images is calculated.
  • the characteristic point C may be selected at each of a plurality of positions instead of at one position. That is, in this case, an average value of motion vector of plural points or a minimum value of a scalar thereof is used as the variance of the characteristic point.
  • the minimum value is used as the variance in the characteristic point in order to select the characteristic point that makes a least movement among possible characteristic points because there is a possibility that the characteristic point itself selected in the peripheral portion of the screen moves.
  • FIG. 4 is a timing chart at the time of single shooting mode in which image stabilization is not carried out.
  • the camera carries out various kinds of image taking preparation operations such as the photometry and focus adjustment.
  • FIG. 5 is a timing chart showing a case where under image taking conditions in the single shooting mode, the image stabilizer is ON, the number of times of division of the exposure time is set to be four times, and the divided images are combined to obtain one image.
  • the camera carries out various kinds of image taking preparation operations such as the photometry and focus adjustment.
  • the image processing and recording are started at a time t 31 as shown in a part (f) of FIG. 5 , and the processing ends at a time 32 .
  • the image taking time (t 15 -t 13 ) is 1/10 second, with the exposure time in the case where the image stabilization is OFF (t 14 -t 13 ) being 1/15 second and the transfer time being 1/30 second, for example.
  • the exposure time per one image in the case where the image stabilization is ON (t 24 -t 23 , t 26 -t 25 , t 28 -t 27 , and t 30 -t 29 ) is 1/60 second, and accordingly, the exposure time for taking four images in this case is 1/15 second.
  • the image taking time (t 31 -t 23 ) is 1 ⁇ 5 second, which is twice the case where the image stabilization is OFF.
  • the setting is set to be either of a first continuous (rapid) shooting mode in which the use of the image stabilizer is prohibited in the image taking control unit 14 or a second continuous shooting mode in which the image stabilizer is turned ON.
  • the continuous shooting mode as described here refers to an image taking (image pick-up) mode by which the photographer intends to finally obtain a plurality of images.
  • the continuous shooting mode as referred to here differs from the split exposure in the case of the single shooting mode by which the photographer intends to finally obtain one image.
  • the first continuous shooting mode an operation for carrying out a plurality of times of image taking just as in the case where the image stabilizer as described above is OFF, in other words, the operation just as in the case of a continuous shooting mode of an ordinary camera, is repeated, while the release operation portion 31 is fully pressed.
  • the exposure time for proper exposure is divided into plural short exposure times, as described above and the split exposure is repeated while the release operation portion 31 is fully pressed (SW 2 ).
  • the shift detection unit 16 extracts the characteristic point within the images stored in the image storing unit 15 and calculates positional coordinates within the image taking screen of the characteristic point.
  • the images that are subjected to coordinate conversion by the coordinate conversion unit 17 are combined by the image combination unit 18 .
  • the signal indicating that the mode is set to be the second continuous shooting mode is sent to the image combination unit 18 from the image taking control unit 14 , the plural images that are combined by shifting by given frames in terms of time are serially sent to the image correction unit 19 .
  • two combined images of the plural combined images sent to the image correction unit 19 that are continuous in terms of time are configured by a group of split-exposed images including n common split-exposed images (n is an integer equal to or greater than 1).
  • the image taking time becomes longer in proportion to the number of the split exposure of the images, and accordingly, the photographer feels disorder if the number of the split exposure is too large.
  • the number of images obtained by the split exposure does not increase in the second continuous shooting mode, however, the number of taken images that are necessarily to be subjected to image blur correction increases. Accordingly, the image taking time becomes much longer, and as a result, in this case, the system is not convenient for use.
  • FIG. 6 is a timing chart of continuous shooting in the case where the image stabilization is OFF.
  • parts (a) and (b) of FIG. 6 show timing charts of the first continuous shooting mode
  • parts (c) through (f) of FIG. 6 show timing charts in the case of continuous shooting in the case where the image stabilization is ON, namely, the timing charts for a time period from the start of accumulation of the charge to the completion of the transfer of the charge in the second continuous shooting mode.
  • the case where the number of images that are continuously shot is three both in the first continuous shooting mode and the second continuous shooting mode is expected, that is, the case where the photographer finally obtains three images is expected.
  • the number of split-exposed images in the case where the image stabilization is ON is four.
  • the image taking time is, as described above, predominantly affected by the time for transfer of the charge and the number of split-exposed images, and accordingly, the image taking time is liable to be much longer, depending on image taking conditions such as focal length and brightness, and the characteristics of the camera such as number of pixels and rate of transfer of the charge.
  • the number of times of split exposure necessary for obtaining three combined images is eight, and thus the image taking time is made shorter compared to the case as shown in the part (e) of FIG. 6 in which the images are simply and consecutively combined.
  • the frames are shifted by two frames, however, the number of the frames to be shifted (n) may be set at a previously determined given number, or otherwise, the camera may automatically set the number of frames to be shifted depending on the number of split-exposed images and the like. In addition, the photographer may freely determine the number of the frames to be shifted.
  • FIG. 7 shows a relationship between the image taking time and the number of combined taken images when the number of frames to be shifted at the time of combination is varied.
  • a bold line shown in FIG. 7 indicates a time relation in the case of the first continuous shooting mode when the image stabilization is OFF.
  • the frames are shifted by two frames for combination, and this shifting is substantially equivalent to the shifting by two frames as shown in FIG. 7 .
  • the image taking is completed earlier than the case where the image stabilization is OFF, however, if too many frames are shifted, one same split-exposed image is used for combination again and again. Therefore, in this regard, it is necessary to be aware of this because in this case, the resulting final combined images are liable to have no difference.
  • FIG. 8 is a flow chart of the image taking operation of the camera including the operation in the case of both of the single shooting mode and the continuous shooting mode.
  • the process starts when the camera is turned ON.
  • Step S 101 the processing remains in a standby state until the photographer half-presses the release operation portion 31 (SW 1 ).
  • Step S 102 the processing proceeds to Step S 102 .
  • Step S 102 image taking is carried out by the image taking unit 4 .
  • the image taking control unit 14 detects a contrast of the images on the basis of the output from the signal process unit 12 , while driving the AF drive motor 5 and moving the image taking lens 1 in the direction of the optical axis.
  • the image taking control unit 14 determines the brightness of the subject on the basis of the output of the image taking unit 4 .
  • Step S 103 judgment is made as to which of the single shooting mode and the continuous shooting mode is selected for the image taking mode selection switch 36 . If the single shooting mode is selected, the processing proceeds to Step S 104 . If the continuous shooting mode is selected, the processing proceeds to Step S 120 and advances to a processing in the case of the continuous shooting mode.
  • Step S 104 judgment is made as to whether the photographer sets the image stabilizer operating portion 35 to be ON or not. If the photographer sets the image stabilizer operating portion 35 to be ON, the processing proceeds to Step S 105 , and on the other hand, if the photographer sets the image stabilizer operating portion 35 to be OFF, the processing proceeds to Step S 121 .
  • Step S 105 the number of images to be taken and the exposure time of each of the images are calculated on the basis of image taking conditions such as the brightness of the subject that is calculated in Step S 102 .
  • the image taking conditions as mentioned here refers to four points, namely, the brightness of the subject, the focal length of the imaging optical system, a f-stop number of the imaging optical system, and a sensitivity of the imaging element.
  • the sensitivity of the image taking unit 4 is set to be ISO 200.
  • the focal length of the imaging optical system is 60 mm in terms of a 35 mm film
  • image blur is likely to occur due to hand shake.
  • the exposure time is set to be 1/60 second so that the hand shake does not occur, and four split-exposure image taking operations are carried out.
  • the exposure time is set to be 1/90 second so that there occurs no hand shake and six image taking operations are carried out.
  • the exposure time in the case where a plurality of images is taken is determined in accordance with the image taking conditions, and further, the number of images to be taken is set in accordance with the image taking conditions.
  • a taken image of a proper brightness can be obtained if the conditions for exposure for each of the image taking operations are as close as possible to the conditions for exposure in the case of proper exposure.
  • the exposure time of each of the image taking operations is set to be as long a time as possible in order to make the exposure conditions as effective as possible.
  • the exposure time is shortened and the number of the images to be taken is increased in accordance with the amount of shortened exposure time to complement the exposure.
  • the exposure time becomes longer as the brightness of the subject is darker and the brightness in the image taking lens 1 is darker. Also, in this case, the exposure time becomes longer as the sensitivity of the image taking unit 4 is lower, and becomes shorter as the focal length of the image taking lens 1 is longer.
  • the number of the images to be taken becomes greater as the brightness of the subject is darker and the brightness in the image taking lens 1 is darker. Also, the number of the images to be taken in this case becomes greater as the sensitivity of the image taking unit 4 is lower and as the focal length of the image taking lens 1 is longer.
  • a display unit provided in a finder of the camera or a liquid crystal display unit provided on an external finishing part of the camera displays that a split exposure mode is set.
  • the calculated number of images to be taken is displayed thereon to indicate the same to the photographer.
  • Step S 106 the processing remains in a standby state until the photographer fully presses the release operation portion 31 (SW 2 ), while repeating Steps S 101 through S 106 .
  • Step S 107 image taking of a first image is started.
  • the speaker 29 outputs the sound indicating the start of image taking, via the sound production drive unit 30 .
  • the sound may be an electronic sound of “beep”, a sound of opening of a shutter of a film camera, or a sound of mirror-up, for example.
  • Step S 107 through Step S 115 are operations in a combining image taking mode in which image taking operation with a short exposure time is repeated plural times, the images obtained by the plural image taking operations are combined, and an apparent exposure is made proper.
  • Step S 108 the taken image is temporarily stored in the image storing unit 15 .
  • Step S 109 the processing remains in the standby state, while repeating Step S 107 and Step S 108 , until image taking of all the images is completed.
  • Step S 110 the speaker 29 produces a sound indicating completion of image taking via the sound production drive unit 30 .
  • the sound indicating the operation is produced once for each of the start of exposure of a first image taking operation and the completion of exposure of the last image taking operation. Therefore, the photographer has no sense of incongruity in taking plural images.
  • the number of production of sound is equivalent in both of the case where one exposure and image taking operation is ordinarily carried out and the case where a plurality of images are taken, which causes the photographer to have no sense of incongruity.
  • Step S 111 the characteristic point C 1 is extracted by the shift detection unit 16 from among the possible characteristic points in a peripheral portion of the image, namely, from among the characteristic points of building B 1 of FIG. 3A , and then the coordinates of the image are calculated.
  • Step S 112 the coordinate conversion unit 17 carries out coordinate conversion for each of the images.
  • the coordinate conversion is not carried out for the image P 1 , which is the first image. That is, the first image P 1 is a reference in carrying out the coordinate conversion.
  • Step S 113 the processing remains in the standby state while repeating Steps S 111 and S 112 until the coordinate conversion is completed for all the images except for the first image.
  • Step S 114 the first image P 1 is combined with each of the images of the second group of images that are subjected to coordinate conversion.
  • the combination of images are carried out by averaging the signals of corresponding coordinates of each image, and the random noise in the images are decreased by the averaging.
  • the gain of the image whose noises are decreased is increased to allow the exposure to be at a proper level.
  • Step S 115 a region of the combined image in which images are not overlapped due to deviation in the composition of each image is cut off, and the image is complemented by diffusion so that the size of the combined image is of the size of an original frame.
  • Step S 116 gamma correction and compression processing is carried out to a combined image signal.
  • Step S 117 the image obtained in Step S 116 is displayed on the display unit 20 that is disposed at the back or other portion of the camera.
  • Step S 118 image data calculated in Step S 116 is recorded into the recording unit 21 .
  • Step S 119 the processing returns to “START” of FIG. 8 .
  • Step S 119 if the release operation portion 31 is continuously half-pressed (SW 1 ) at the stage of Step S 119 , the processing further advances to Steps S 101 , S 102 , S 103 , S 104 , and thereafter.
  • Step S 119 the processing does not return to START and waits in a standby state at Step S 119 .
  • Step S 104 If it is judged that the image stabilizer operating portion 35 is OFF in Step S 104 , the processing proceeds to Step S 121 .
  • Step S 121 it is judged whether the image taking conditions are the conditions under which image deterioration occurs due to hand shake unless the image stabilizer is used.
  • the image taking conditions include the brightness of the subject, the brightness in the lens, the sensitivity of the imaging element, and the photographing focal length.
  • Step S 121 the exposure time is calculated on the basis of the brightness of the subject, the brightness in the lens, and the sensitivity of the imaging element, and it is judged whether image deterioration due to hand shake is likely to occur with the present photographing focal length and the calculated exposure time.
  • Step S 122 If the image deterioration is likely to occur, the processing proceeds to Step S 122 . If the image deterioration is not likely to occur, the processing proceeds to Step S 123 .
  • Step S 122 the display unit disposed within the finder of the camera or on the display unit 20 that is disposed on the external finishing of the camera displays recommendation of setting the image stabilizing mode to be ON.
  • Step S 123 the processing repeats Steps S 101 through S 123 until the release operation portion 31 is fully pressed (SW 2 ), while remaining in a standby state.
  • Step S 124 the processing is in a standby state until an ordinary image taking mode that implements effective exposure conditions with one exposure operation is completed, and when the exposure is completed, the processing proceeds to Step S 116 .
  • the photographer can recognize whether the exposure is effected for a long time period, by the difference in the length of the operational sound come out of the speaker 29 during the time period from the start sound of image taking and the completion sound of image taking. That is, in this case, the photographer cannot recognize whether a plurality of images is taken or not.
  • Step S 116 gamma correction and compression processing are carried out to the combined image signal.
  • Step S 117 the image obtained in Step S 116 is displayed on the display unit 20 .
  • Step S 118 the image data obtained in Step S 116 is recorded into the recording unit 21 .
  • Step S 119 the processing returns to “START” of FIG. 8 .
  • the combining image taking mode it is possible to carry out a preferable image taking with any focal length by altering each exposure time in accordance with the focal length.
  • Step S 103 if the continuous shooting mode is selected by the image taking mode selection switch 36 in Step S 103 , the processing advances to a continuous shooting mode processing routine in Step S 120 .
  • FIG. 9 shows a flow chart of a processing at the time of continuous shooting mode in Step S 120 of FIG. 8 .
  • Step S 201 it is judged whether the image stabilizer operating portion 35 is ON or OFF in Step S 201 . If it is judged that the image stabilizer operating portion 35 is ON, the processing proceeds to Step S 202 . If it is judged that the image stabilizer operating portion 35 is OFF, the processing proceeds to Step S 203 .
  • Step S 202 the number of split exposure time is calculated in accordance with the image taking conditions, and it is judged whether the image taking mode is the first continuous shooting mode or the second continuous shooting mode on the basis of the result of the calculation.
  • Step S 203 If it is judged that the image taking mode is the first continuous shooting mode, the processing proceeds to Step S 203 . If it is judged that the image taking mode is the second continuous shooting mode, the processing proceeds to Step S 209 .
  • the focal length is 300 mm in terms of the 35 mm film and the necessary exposure time is 1/10 second, the number of images to be split-exposed is 30.
  • the image taking time becomes longer by an amount corresponding to the level calculated by multiplying the time for transfer of the charge from the image taking unit 4 by the number of images to be split-exposed.
  • the image taking mode is in the continuous shooting mode, the image taking operations for the thirty images are repeated in a plurality of times. Aa result, the image taking time becomes significantly long.
  • the image stabilization is forced to be OFF.
  • the photographer sets the image stabilization to be OFF by the image stabilizer operating portion 35 , and the same operations as in the case where the single shooting mode is selected by the image taking mode selection switch 36 are carried out.
  • the image taking is carried out with using the frame shifting combination as described above in the second continuous shooting mode.
  • the criterion of judgment between the first continuous shooting mode and the second continuous shooting mode is made whether the number of split-exposed images is in excess of ten or not.
  • optimum value of the image taking condition differs depending on the characteristics of the camera such as the time for transfer of charge from the imaging element. Therefore, it is preferable to set a proper value depending on the characteristics of the camera.
  • Step S 201 if the image stabilizer operating portion 35 is OFF in Step S 201 and it is preferable to carry out the image taking in the second continuous shooting mode, that is, if the image stabilization is necessary, the message indicating that it is necessary to operate the image stabilizer is displayed, just as in the case where the image stabilizer operating portion 35 is OFF in the single shooting mode.
  • Step S 203 the processing repeats Steps S 101 through S 203 until the release operation portion 31 is fully pressed (SW 2 ), while remaining in the standby state.
  • Step S 204 If the release operation portion 31 is fully pressed (SW 2 ), the image taking is started in Step S 204 . At the same time, the speaker 29 produces the image taking operation sound.
  • Step S 205 the taken image is stored. Then, the image taking completion sound is produced in Step S 206 . Then, the processing proceeds to Step S 207 to judge whether the full-pressing (SW 2 ) is ended or not.
  • Step S 204 If it is judged that the full-pressing (SW 2 ) is not ended, the processing returns to Step S 204 to start the image taking of the second image. The processing repeats Steps S 204 through S 207 until full-pressing (SW 2 ) of the release operation portion 31 by the photographer is ended.
  • Step S 116 of FIG. 8 If it is judged that the full-pressing (SW 2 ) is ended, the image taking is ended, and then the processing returns from Step S 221 to the original processing, and then proceeds to Step S 116 of FIG. 8 .
  • Step S 202 If it is judged that the image taking mode is in the second continuous shooting mode in Step S 202 , the processing proceeds to Step S 209 to display the image stabilizing mode.
  • Step S 210 the processing repeats Steps S 101 through S 210 until the release operation portion 31 is fully pressed (SW 2 ), while remaining in the standby state.
  • Step S 211 the image taking of the first split-exposed image is started, and at the same time, the speaker 29 produces the sound indicating the start of image taking operation.
  • Step S 212 When the image taking of the first image ends, the taken image is stored in Step S 212 . Then the processing proceeds to Step S 213 to judge whether the full-pressing (SW 2 ) is ended.
  • Step S 211 the processing returns to Step S 211 to start the image taking of the second image. In this case, the processing repeats Steps S 211 through S 213 until the full-pressing (SW 2 ) is ended.
  • Step S 214 judgment is made as to whether the split-exposure is ended in the number of times necessary for image taking.
  • the processing does not judge that the image taking is completed until the image taking of the images to be split-exposed which are necessary for combining the images for the third image is completed.
  • Step S 211 The processing repeats Steps S 211 through S 214 until the image taking is completed.
  • the processing proceeds to Step S 215 .
  • Step S 215 the speaker 29 produces a sound indicating the completion of the image taking.
  • Step S 216 the shift detection unit 16 extracts characteristic points from peripheral regions of an image. Then, the shift detection unit 16 calculates the coordinates of the image. In Step S 217 , the coordinate conversion unit 17 carries out the coordinate conversion for each image.
  • the first image P 1 is set to be the reference of the coordinate conversion.
  • Step S 218 the processing repeats Steps S 216 and S 217 until the coordinate conversion is completed for all the images except for the first image, and then remains in the standby state.
  • Step S 219 When the coordinate conversion for all the images except for the first image is completed, the processing proceeds to Step S 219 .
  • Step S 219 as shown in the part (f) of FIG. 6 , the combination processing is carried out by shifting the images by the predetermined given number of frames.
  • a plurality of images is produced in accordance with the time period corresponding to the time period during which the photographer fully presses (SW 2 ) the release operation portion 31 .
  • Step S 220 a region of the combined image which is not overlapped due to deviation in the composition of each image is cut off, and the image is subjected to a diffusion complementation so that the size of the combined image is of the size of an original frame.
  • Step S 221 the processing returns to the original routine, and the processing after Step S 116 of FIG. 8 is carried out.
  • the second continuous shooting mode is intended to obtain a plurality of combined images.
  • the production of sounds produced at the time of start and completion of image taking be carried out in three sets.
  • the frames to be combined are overlapped in terms of time as shown in the part (f) of FIG. 6 . Accordingly, if the sound indicating the start of image taking is produced at a first frame (t 31 , t 32 , and t 33 ) to be used for combination and the sound indicating the completion of image taking is produced at a last frame (t 33 , t 34 , and t 36 ), the photographer feels disorder.
  • FIG. 10 is a timing chart showing the sound producing operation in sound production timings under the same conditions as in the case shown in the part (f) of FIG. 6 .
  • the split-exposure of a fist image is started at a time t 41 , and the image taking is completed at a time t 49 . Therefore, it is necessary to produce the sound for the start of image taking at the time t 41 , and to produce the sound for the completion of image taking at the time t 49 , as shown in the part (a) of FIG. 10 .
  • the image taking is completed when the full-pressing (SW 2 ) is ended and the image taking of the last frame of the combined image including the image to be split-exposed being currently taken is completed.
  • FIG. 10 assumes a case where the full-pressing (SW 2 ) is performed during the time period from the time t 45 to the time t 47 .
  • the sound for start of the image taking for a first time is produced at the time t 41 , and the sound for the completion of the image taking is produced at a time t 53 .
  • the sound for the start of the image taking is produced at the time t 44 , and the sound for the completion of the image taking is produced at a time t 56 .
  • the sound for the start of the image taking is produced at the time t 47 , and the sound for the completion of the image taking is produced at the time t 49 .
  • the sound for the completion of image taking may be produced not at the time t 53 but at the time t 44 , to thereby complete the image taking. Also, if the full-pressing (SW 2 ) is ended during the time period from the time t 43 to the time t 45 , the sound may be produced not at the time t 56 but at the time t 47 .

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