US6737870B2 - Capacitance measurement method - Google Patents
Capacitance measurement method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US6737870B2 US6737870B2 US10/287,537 US28753702A US6737870B2 US 6737870 B2 US6737870 B2 US 6737870B2 US 28753702 A US28753702 A US 28753702A US 6737870 B2 US6737870 B2 US 6737870B2
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- capacitance
- current
- gate potential
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
- G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
- G01R27/26—Measuring inductance or capacitance; Measuring quality factor, e.g. by using the resonance method; Measuring loss factor; Measuring dielectric constants ; Measuring impedance or related variables
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
- G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
- G01R27/26—Measuring inductance or capacitance; Measuring quality factor, e.g. by using the resonance method; Measuring loss factor; Measuring dielectric constants ; Measuring impedance or related variables
- G01R27/2605—Measuring capacitance
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a capacitance measurement method using a CBCM (Charge Based Capacitance Measurement) circuit.
- CBCM Charge Based Capacitance Measurement
- a CBCM technique is a method for measuring capacitance values on a sub-fF level ( ⁇ 10 ⁇ 15 F) that cannot be measured with sufficient accuracy by AC measurement equipment such as an LCR meter.
- FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration of a CBCM circuit adopting a conventional CBCM technique.
- a PMOS transistor MP 1 and an NMOS transistor MN 1 are connected in series, and a PMOS transistor MP 2 and an NMOS transistor MN 2 are connected in series.
- the source of the PMOS transistor MP 1 is connected to a power pad 52
- the source of the PMOS transistor MP 2 is connected to a power pad 54
- the sources of the NMOS transistors MN 1 and MN 2 are connected in common to ground level.
- a PMOS gate potential Gp is applied to the gates of the PMOS transistors MP 1 and MP 2
- an NMOS gate potential Gn is applied to the gates of the NMOS transistors MN 1 and MN 2 .
- the purpose of the CBCM circuit shown in FIG. 7 is to measure the target capacitance C t .
- FIG. 8 is a timing chart illustrating the operation of the CBCM circuit shown in FIG. 7 .
- capacitance measurement by the conventional CBCM circuit will be described.
- input voltage waveforms of the PMOS gate potential Gp and the NMOS gate potential Gn are such that at least either the NMOS transistors MN 1 , MN 2 or the PMOS transistors MP 1 , MP 2 are in the off state at any given time.
- no short circuit current flows from the PMOS transistor MP 1 to the NMOS transistor MN 1 or from the PMOS transistor MP 2 to the NMOS transistor MN 2 .
- the PMOS transistors MP 1 and MP 2 are turned on to supply currents I r and I t from the power pads 52 and 54 and thereby to charge the reference capacitance C ref and the test capacitance C tst .
- the NMOS transistors MN 1 and MN 2 are both in the off state and thus, potentials at the nodes N 1 and N 2 which are connected respectively to the reference capacitance C ref and the test capacitance C tst reach a power supply potential V dd .
- the PMOS transistors MP 1 , MP 2 and the NMOS transistors MN 1 , MN 2 are all in the off state.
- the accumulated charges on the reference capacitance C ref and the test capacitance C tst should be stored and the nodes N 1 and N 2 should be maintained at the power supply potential V dd .
- the reference capacitance C ref and the test capacitance C tst should be maintained at the ground potential V ss since the completion of discharge.
- the advantage of the CBCM technique is that, as expressed in Equations (1) and (2), the dummy capacitance (parasitic capacitance) C m can be cancelled and a desired target capacitance C t can be obtained.
- the CBCM technique allows measurement of capacitance values.
- the amount of charging current e.g., 1% or more as a current value
- FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram showing an equivalent circuit on the side of the test capacitance C tst , where there is no leakage current. As shown, if there is no leakage current, the circuit configuration is equivalent to that in which the test capacitance C tst and a resistance R s (such as a transistor's resistance) are connected in series.
- R s such as a transistor's resistance
- FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram showing an equivalent circuit on the side of the test capacitance C tst , where there is a leakage current. As shown, if there is a leakage current, the circuit configuration is such that a resistance R t is additionally connected parallel to the test capacitance C tst .
- FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram showing an equivalent circuit of the CBCM circuit when there is a leakage current.
- the circuit configuration shown in FIG. 10 is connected between drain and source of the NMOS transistor MN 2 , and the current I t supplied from the power pad 54 flows as a current IC t through the test capacitance C tst and flows as a current IR t through the resistance R t .
- FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram for indicating a problem of the leakage current. As shown, even during the period in which the PMOS transistor MP 1 is in the on state with the application of the PMOS gate potential Gp (i.e., during the period in which the NMOS transistor MN 1 should be in the off state), the current IR t will flow as a leakage current.
- Capacitance measurement (extraction) using the conventional CBCM technique assumes that currents observed on the side of power supply potential V dd are all used for charging the MOS transistors forming the CBCM circuit, the test capacitance C tst , and the dummy capacitance C m . Thus, if there is a leakage current, even a charge which actually corresponds to a leakage current flowing through the resistance R t is treated as an accumulated charge, which causes a problem that the measured capacitance value may become larger than the actual capacitance value.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a capacitance measurement method which is capable of measuring an accurate capacitance value even if a leakage current on a level that cannot be ignored occurs in a capacitance to be measured.
- the capacitance measurement method is for measuring a capacitance to be measured which is connected to a CBCM (Charge Based Capacitance Measurement) circuit including a charge transistor, and includes the following steps (a) to (e).
- the step (a) is to apply to the charge transistor a first control signal for controlling turning on/off of the charge transistor in a predetermined cycle, thereby to measure an amount of first test current to be supplied through the charge transistor to the capacitance to be measured.
- the step (b) is to apply to the charge transistor a second control signal for controlling turning on/off of the charge transistor in the predetermined cycle, thereby to measure an amount of second test current to be supplied through the charge transistor to the capacitance to be measured.
- a period during which the second control signal indicates an on state of the charge transistor is set to be predetermined times longer than that during which the first control signal indicates an on state of the charge transistor.
- the step (c) is to, based on the first and second test currents, eliminate a leakage current occurring incident to the capacitance to be measured and calculate an amount of capacity current used only for charging the capacitance to be measured.
- the step (d) is to calculate a charge frequency suitable for the amount of capacity current.
- the step (e) is to calculate a capacitance value of the capacitance to be measured based on the amount of capacity current and the charge frequency.
- the amounts of the first and second test currents measured by the execution of the above steps (a) and (b) each are equal to the sum of the amounts of capacity current and leakage current.
- the second test current has the same amount of capacity current as the first test current, but has a predetermined times larger amount of leakage current.
- step (c) the amount of the first test current is increased by the predetermined times and operations such as obtaining a difference from the amount of the second test current is performed, whereby an accurate amount of capacity current used only for charging the capacitance to be measured can be calculated. Consequently, by the execution of the subsequent steps (d) and (e), it is possible to calculate an accurate capacitance value of the capacitance to be measured, from which a leakage current occurring incident to the capacitance to be measured has been eliminated.
- FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing a sequence of processing in a capacitance measurement method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a waveform diagram illustrating signal waveforms of PMOS gate potentials
- FIG. 3 is a waveform diagram illustrating a detailed example of signals of the PMOS gate potentials
- FIG. 4 is a waveform diagram illustrating simulation results of capacity current and leakage current in part of FIG. 3;
- FIG. 5 is a waveform diagram illustrating a detailed example of signals of the PMOS gate potentials
- FIG. 6 is a waveform diagram illustrating simulation results of leakage current in part of FIG. 5;
- FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration of a CBCM circuit adopting a conventional CBCM technique
- FIG. 8 is a timing chart showing the operation of the CBCM circuit shown in FIG. 7;
- FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram showing an equivalent circuit on the side of a test capacitance, where there is no leakage current
- FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram showing an equivalent circuit on the side of the test capacitance, where there is a leakage current
- FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram showing an equivalent circuit of the CBCM circuit when there is a leakage current.
- FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram for indicating a problem of the leakage current.
- FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing a sequence of processing in a capacitance measurement method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- a CBCM circuit has a similar circuit configuration to those shown in FIGS. 7 and 11.
- a test current IC norm which corresponds to the current I c in Equation (1) is measured by using a normal PMOS gate potential Gp 1 as the PMOS gate potential Gp for providing on/off control of the PMOS transistors MP 1 and MP 2 in a predetermined cycle.
- a test current IC rat which corresponds to the current I c in Equation (1) is measured by using, as the PMOS gate potential Gp, a multiplied on-time PMOS gate potential Gp 2 , the “L” period and fall time of which are integral multiples of those of the normal PMOS gate potential Gp 1 . Accordingly, both the currents IC norm and IC rat are currents from which the current I r for charging the dummy capacitance C m has been eliminated.
- FIG. 2 is a waveform diagram illustrating the normal PMOS gate potential Gp 1 and the multiplied on-time PMOS gate potential Gp 2 .
- the normal PMOS gate potential Gp 1 has a normally used PMOS on time PW (“L” period”) and fall time TF (turn-on transition time).
- L is the operating voltage of the MOS transistors in the CBCM circuit.
- the multiplied on-time PMOS gate potential Gp 2 has the same turn-on/off cycle of the PMOS transistors MP 1 and MP 2 as the normal PMOS gate potential Gp 1 , but has a different duty cycle and slew rate.
- the multiplied on-time PMOS gate potential Gp 2 has a PMOS on time (PW ⁇ rat) which is an integral multiple of the PMOS on time PW of the normal PMOS gate potential Gp 1 , and has a fall time (TF ⁇ rat) which is an integral multiple of the fall time TF, where rat is the integer multiplication factor.
- PW ⁇ rat PMOS on time
- TF ⁇ rat fall time
- the rise times (turn-off transition times) of the normal PMOS gate potential Gp 1 and the multiplied on-time PMOS gate potential Gp 2 are set short enough as compared with the fall time TF. Thereby, an error due to discharge occurring in the target capacitance such as a gate capacitance of the PMOS transistor can be minimized.
- FIG. 3 is a waveform diagram illustrating a detailed example of signals of the normal PMOS gate potential Gp 1 and the multiplied on-time PMOS gate potential Gp 2 .
- FIG. 4 is a waveform diagram illustrating simulation results of the currents IC t and IR t in a region A 1 of FIG. 3 .
- the integer multiplication factor rat is “2”.
- the current IC t flows only momentarily for charging the test capacitance C tst and thus, no difference in the amount of charge occurs between the normal PMOS gate potential Gp 1 and the multiplied on-time PMOS gate potential Gp 2 .
- FIG. 5 is a waveform diagram illustrating a detailed example of signals of the normal PMOS gate potential Gp 1 and the multiplied on-time PMOS gate potential Gp 2 .
- FIG. 6 is a waveform diagram illustrating simulation results of the leakage current IR t in a region A 2 of FIG. 5, which is plotted in arbitrary units (a.u.) using the integer multiplication factor rat.
- the integer multiplication factor rat is “2”.
- the value of leakage current IR t for the normal PMOS gate potential Gp 1 matches that for the multiplied on-time PMOS gate potential Gp 2 .
- the amount of leakage current IR t when the multiplied on-time PMOS gate potential Gp 2 is applied, at which time a period in which the leakage current IR t flows is rat times longer can be measured to be rat times larger than that when the normal PMOS gate potential Gp 1 is applied, where rat is the integer multiplication factor.
- FIGS. 3 to 6 show that, for the multiplied on-time PMOS gate potential Gp 2 , as compared with the normal PMOS gate potential Gp 1 , the amount of leakage current charge IR t per unit time (i.e., the average current value with respect to time) is multiplied by the integer multiplication factor rat, but the amount of current charge IC t per unit time remains unchanged.
- step S 3 based on the currents IC norm and IC rat , the leakage current IR t is eliminated and the amount of capacity current CIC consisting only of a capacity current component IC t is calculated, using the following equation (3).
- the capacity current CIC obtained from Equation (3) is a current from which a leakage current component has been completely eliminated.
- step S 4 a charge frequency f rat is calculated. Since the currents IC norm and IC rat have the same value of current IC t , the amount of current corresponding to (rat ⁇ 1) ⁇ IC t is calculated as the capacity current CIC by solving Equation (3) in step S 3 . This is equivalent to (rat ⁇ 1) charging; thus, the charge frequency f rat can be obtained from the following equation (4).
- step S 5 based on the capacity current CIC and the charge frequency f rat , a target capacitance CC t is obtained from the following equation (5).
- the target capacitance is obtained by the capacitance measurement method according to the preferred embodiment.
- the resultant target capacitance CC t is 102 fF, which can fall within 2% error.
- the target capacitance C t (CC t ), the resistance R s and the resistance R t described above are respectively a target capacitance C t and a resistance R s which are extracted from a MOSFET with an insulation film thickness of 1.6 nm (a value measured by ellipsometry) by using an already-existing two-frequency plan, and a resistance R t which is about one tenth of the extracted value (at which value the leakage current is likely to occur).
- the target capacitance C t obtained in a similar manner by the conventional capacitance measurement method according to Equations (1) and (2) is 1.4 pF, the error of which is 1400%.
- the capacitance measurement method can, by solving Equation (3) in step S 3 , accurately calculate the amount of capacity current CIC used only for charging the test capacitance C tst .
- the signal waveform of the NMOS gate potential Gn is set to have a duty cycle and slew rate that are sufficient to cause discharge regardless of whether the PMOS gate potential Gp is the normal PMOS gate potential Gp 1 or the multiplied on-time PMOS gate potential Gp 2 .
- the waveform of the NMOS gate potential Gn may be changed depending on whether the PMOS gate potential Gp is the normal PMOS gate potential Gp 1 or the multiplied on-time PMOS gate potential Gp 2 .
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Testing Of Individual Semiconductor Devices (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2002-166880 | 2002-06-07 | ||
JP2002166880A JP2004012321A (ja) | 2002-06-07 | 2002-06-07 | 容量値測定方法 |
Publications (2)
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US20030227291A1 US20030227291A1 (en) | 2003-12-11 |
US6737870B2 true US6737870B2 (en) | 2004-05-18 |
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US10/287,537 Expired - Fee Related US6737870B2 (en) | 2002-06-07 | 2002-11-05 | Capacitance measurement method |
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US (1) | US6737870B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2004012321A (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20030095174A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1467807A (ja) |
DE (1) | DE10305380A1 (ja) |
TW (1) | TW561570B (ja) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20090102504A1 (en) * | 2005-11-24 | 2009-04-23 | Klaus Voigtlaender | Circuit Assemblage and Method for Functional Checking of a Power Transistor |
US9086450B2 (en) | 2010-10-04 | 2015-07-21 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd. | Method for measuring capacitances of capacitors |
US9952268B1 (en) * | 2015-09-17 | 2018-04-24 | Pdf Solutions, Inc. | Method for accurate measurement of leaky capacitors using charge based capacitance measurements |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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TWI306950B (en) * | 2006-11-06 | 2009-03-01 | Macronix Int Co Ltd | Method for measuring intrinsic capacitances of a mos device |
US20110157070A1 (en) * | 2009-12-31 | 2011-06-30 | Silicon Laboratories Inc. | System and method for configuring capacitive sensing speed |
TWI381173B (zh) * | 2008-10-29 | 2013-01-01 | Raydium Semiconductor Corp | 電容量測電路及其電容量測方法 |
CN103472311A (zh) * | 2013-09-13 | 2013-12-25 | 上海集成电路研发中心有限公司 | 测量小电容失配特性的测试结构和方法 |
CN103675468A (zh) * | 2013-12-26 | 2014-03-26 | 天津市松正电动汽车技术股份有限公司 | 一种动态检测超级电容容值的方法 |
CN107991543B (zh) * | 2017-12-18 | 2024-03-26 | 深圳芯能半导体技术有限公司 | 绝缘栅双极型晶体管的栅极电荷量测量电路及其测量方法 |
CN111562464B (zh) * | 2020-05-12 | 2022-04-08 | 国网山东省电力公司电力科学研究院 | 中性点不接地系统的参数在线测试方法、存储介质及装置 |
CN112557862A (zh) * | 2020-11-26 | 2021-03-26 | 徐州天力电子科技有限公司 | 一种具有检测电源电容装置的控制器 |
KR102610205B1 (ko) * | 2021-11-09 | 2023-12-06 | 테크위드유 주식회사 | Mosfet의 누설 전류 제거 회로 장치 |
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JP2001338007A (ja) | 2000-05-30 | 2001-12-07 | Ricoh Co Ltd | 回路シミュレーションのためのパラメータ抽出方法及びパラメータ抽出装置、並びに回路シミュレーションシステム |
US20020101252A1 (en) * | 2001-01-31 | 2002-08-01 | National Science Council | Structure for capacitance measurement |
US20030098695A1 (en) * | 2001-11-28 | 2003-05-29 | Hsieh Tsung Hsuan | Circuit and method for measuring capacitance |
Family Cites Families (5)
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JP3094246B2 (ja) * | 1991-08-30 | 2000-10-03 | 豊 西村 | 静電容量測定法 |
JP2561040B2 (ja) * | 1994-11-28 | 1996-12-04 | 日本電気株式会社 | 容量型センサの容量変化検出回路およびその検出方法 |
KR970045241U (ko) * | 1995-12-29 | 1997-07-31 | 콘덴서의 전기적특성 측정장치 | |
JPH101129A (ja) * | 1996-06-14 | 1998-01-06 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 直方体状ケース |
KR100735332B1 (ko) * | 2000-09-28 | 2007-07-04 | 두산중공업 주식회사 | 전류 펄스폭을 이용한 전기 집진기용 정전용량 측정장치 |
-
2002
- 2002-06-07 JP JP2002166880A patent/JP2004012321A/ja active Pending
- 2002-10-23 TW TW091124494A patent/TW561570B/zh active
- 2002-10-29 KR KR1020020066094A patent/KR20030095174A/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2002-11-05 US US10/287,537 patent/US6737870B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-02-10 DE DE10305380A patent/DE10305380A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-02-12 CN CNA031041752A patent/CN1467807A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
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JP2001338007A (ja) | 2000-05-30 | 2001-12-07 | Ricoh Co Ltd | 回路シミュレーションのためのパラメータ抽出方法及びパラメータ抽出装置、並びに回路シミュレーションシステム |
US20020101252A1 (en) * | 2001-01-31 | 2002-08-01 | National Science Council | Structure for capacitance measurement |
US20030098695A1 (en) * | 2001-11-28 | 2003-05-29 | Hsieh Tsung Hsuan | Circuit and method for measuring capacitance |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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James C. Chen, et al., "An On-Chip, Attofarad Interconnect Charge-Based Capacitance Measurement (CBCM) Technique", IEEE, IEDM, 1996, pp. 69-72. |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20090102504A1 (en) * | 2005-11-24 | 2009-04-23 | Klaus Voigtlaender | Circuit Assemblage and Method for Functional Checking of a Power Transistor |
US7932724B2 (en) * | 2005-11-24 | 2011-04-26 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Circuit assemblage and method for functional checking of a power transistor |
US9086450B2 (en) | 2010-10-04 | 2015-07-21 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd. | Method for measuring capacitances of capacitors |
US9952268B1 (en) * | 2015-09-17 | 2018-04-24 | Pdf Solutions, Inc. | Method for accurate measurement of leaky capacitors using charge based capacitance measurements |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN1467807A (zh) | 2004-01-14 |
DE10305380A1 (de) | 2003-12-24 |
JP2004012321A (ja) | 2004-01-15 |
TW561570B (en) | 2003-11-11 |
KR20030095174A (ko) | 2003-12-18 |
US20030227291A1 (en) | 2003-12-11 |
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