US4805465A - Arrangement for the production of straight-line symmetrical signals - Google Patents

Arrangement for the production of straight-line symmetrical signals Download PDF

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Publication number
US4805465A
US4805465A US07/059,220 US5922087A US4805465A US 4805465 A US4805465 A US 4805465A US 5922087 A US5922087 A US 5922087A US 4805465 A US4805465 A US 4805465A
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United States
Prior art keywords
sensors
signal
arrangement
wheels
offset
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Expired - Fee Related
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US07/059,220
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English (en)
Inventor
Karl-Heinz Gerrath
Eberhard Strauss
Hans-Joachim Decker
Heinz Vinson
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Battelle Institut eV
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Battelle Institut eV
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Assigned to BATTELLE-INSTITUT E.V. AM ROMERHOF reassignment BATTELLE-INSTITUT E.V. AM ROMERHOF ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: DECKER, HANS J., GERRATH, KARL H., STRAUSS, EBERHARD, VINSON, HEINZ
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/244—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing characteristics of pulses or pulse trains; generating pulses or pulse trains
    • G01D5/245—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing characteristics of pulses or pulse trains; generating pulses or pulse trains using a variable number of pulses in a train
    • G01D5/2451—Incremental encoders
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
    • H03M1/00—Analogue/digital conversion; Digital/analogue conversion
    • H03M1/12—Analogue/digital converters
    • H03M1/22—Analogue/digital converters pattern-reading type
    • H03M1/24—Analogue/digital converters pattern-reading type using relatively movable reader and disc or strip
    • H03M1/28—Analogue/digital converters pattern-reading type using relatively movable reader and disc or strip with non-weighted coding
    • H03M1/30—Analogue/digital converters pattern-reading type using relatively movable reader and disc or strip with non-weighted coding incremental

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an arrangement for the production of straight-line or even symmetrical signals from at least two signal generators, which have a periodic structure and which are movable with respect to each other, by means of sensors that generate signals corresponding to the position of the signal generators.
  • Straight-line symmetrical signals are needed, for example, to ascertain the torque and torsion in rotating shafts.
  • Gear wheels, marked wheels, rings, etc. already installed, or specially provided for this purpose, are generally used as the signal generators.
  • the generation of signals is effected, for example, by magnetic sensors, such as Hall-effect devices, field plate sensors or, preferably, differential arrangements in which the difference of the external magnetic resistance at the poles of the sensor determines the sensor signal.
  • any particular sensor can only be used for one particular signal generator geometry with one particular periodic structure. Any deviation in the periodic structure, for example, in the tooth pitch in the case of gear wheels, will result in odd or skew-symmetrical signals which falsify the measurement result.
  • the object of the present invention is to create an arrangement by means of which skew-symmetrical sensor signals can be eliminated.
  • This arrangement is thus intended to make it possible to use any gears, wheels, disks, etc. present in a machine, for example, a gear box, as a generator without the need to provide a separate special sensor adapted to such a generator in order to obtain straight-line symmetrical signals.
  • the above object is achieved according to the present invention in that for at least one of the two signal generators, at least two sensors are provided whose output signals are combined in a subtraction or addition stage, and the two sensors are offset with respect to each other by at least one half period of the signal generator structure.
  • the two sensors for the single transmitter are preferably offset with respect to each other by one half period plus one or several complete periods of the signal generator structure.
  • the two sensors are positioned to be offset with respect to each other so that they are located in relation to the signal transmitter at two points as nearly opposite as possible.
  • the arrangement of the invention permits compensation for the shifts of the shaft with simultaneous symmetrization of the output signal. Since both sensors are assigned in each case to one generator, any spatial arrangement of the two sensors in relation to the sensors of the other generator is conceivable. If not required, compensation can be dispensed with for one generator, so that, in that event, only a total of three sensors is required. Furthermore, the arrangement requires only a low degree of electronic complexity.
  • FIG. 1 shows one embodiment of the arrangement according to the invention when a gear wheel is used as the signal generator.
  • FIG. 2 shows sensor signals plotted against time for the arrangement of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 shows a preferred embodiment of the arrangement according to the invention.
  • FIG. 4 shows sensor signals plotted against time for the arrangement of FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of the configuration according to the invention for torque measurement.
  • FIG. 6 shows output signals of the amplifiers, the limiters and the multiplier plotted versus time for the configuration shown in FIG. 5.
  • a straight-line symmetrical signal is obtained by combining two originally skewsymmetrical signals produced by means of two sensors 2 and 3 positioned adjacent a generator wheel 1 which, in the illustrated case, is a gear wheel.
  • the generator wheel 1 may be any type of wheel with a periodic detectable structure on its peripheral surface, e.g., a wheel with periodic optical markings.
  • the two sensors 2 and 3 are positioned to be offset with respect to each other by at least one half period of the tooth pitch of the generator wheel 1. In the case illustrated, the distance is one half pitch plus one complete pitch.
  • FIG. 1 yields the odd or skew-symmetrical sensor signals S1 and S2 plotted against time shown in FIGS. 2(a) and 2(b) at the outputs of the sensors 2 and 3, respectively.
  • a difference amplifier 4 By subtracting one sensor signal from the other, for example, in a difference amplifier 4, one obtains the desired straight-line or even symmetrical total signal S3 shown in FIG. 2 c) at the output of the amplifier 4.
  • the phase of one of the two sensor signals is shifted by one half period, then the two sensor signals must be added to one another to obtain the total straight-line symmetrical signal S3, i.e. the amplifier 4 must be a summing rather than a difference amplifier. As indicated by the dashed line curves in FIG. 2, a change in the direct current portion of the sensor signals does not change the profile of the straight-line symmetrical curve.
  • the arrangement according to the invention is suitable for all sensors that have an odd or skew-symmetrical output signal.
  • FIG. 3 shows an especially preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • sensors 2 and 3 are offset by an odd-numbered multiple of the pitch so that they are exactly opposite each other on the generator wheel 1. In the ideal case, this is possible only if generator wheel 1 has an odd number of teeth, but in practice it also applies if a large even number of teeth are present. Shifts or movement of the shaft due to bearing play along the Y axis, as shown in FIG. 4, do not lead to a relative phase shift in the signals of sensors 2 and 3. The amplitudes are changed but the zero crossing is maintained for the total signal. A shift or movement along the X axis causes a certain negative phase shift in the case of sensor 2 and an equivalent positive phase shift in the case of sensor 3, as shown by the broken lines in FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 3 also shows that the outputs of sensors 2 and 3 are transmitted to a difference amplifier or a summation amplifier 4 from whose output the total signal S3 is obtained.
  • FIG. 5 shows an embodiment for torque measurement via a gear stage.
  • One of the Generator Wheels 1, which are used as signal generators, is provided with two Sensors 2 and 3, while the other Signal Generator 1 is provided only with one Sensor 2.
  • the output signals of the Sensors 2 and 3, which are assigned to a signal generator, are supplied to the Differential Amplifier 4.
  • the output signal of the single Sensor 2 is supplied to an Amplifier 5.
  • the output signals of the Amplifiers 4 and 5 are supplied to Limiters 6 and 7, respectively, and converted into pulse-shaped signals.
  • FIG. 6 shows the signal transmission path in the configuration according to FIG. 5. It depicts the signals at the outputs of the Amplifiers 4 and 5, at the outputs of the Limiters 6 and 7, and at the output of Multiplier 8.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Transmission And Conversion Of Sensor Element Output (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)
  • Indication And Recording Devices For Special Purposes And Tariff Metering Devices (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
US07/059,220 1986-06-09 1987-06-08 Arrangement for the production of straight-line symmetrical signals Expired - Fee Related US4805465A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3619408 1986-06-09
DE19863619408 DE3619408A1 (de) 1986-06-09 1986-06-09 Anordnung zur gewinnung von geradsymmetrischen signalen

Publications (1)

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US4805465A true US4805465A (en) 1989-02-21

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US07/059,220 Expired - Fee Related US4805465A (en) 1986-06-09 1987-06-08 Arrangement for the production of straight-line symmetrical signals

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US (1) US4805465A (fr)
EP (1) EP0249026A3 (fr)
JP (1) JPS6310912A (fr)
DE (1) DE3619408A1 (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5285691A (en) * 1991-09-06 1994-02-15 Dana Corporation Apparatus for monitoring operation of a drive shaft
US5895847A (en) * 1995-05-03 1999-04-20 Kem Kuppers Elektromechanik Gmbh Apparatus for generating signal pulses
US20020153885A1 (en) * 2001-04-20 2002-10-24 Lothar Blossfeld Two-wire sensor for measuring a physical parameter
EP1524433A1 (fr) * 2003-10-14 2005-04-20 REpower Systems AG Régulation de vitesse pour éolienne avec deux capteurs de proximité pour mesure de vitesse
EP2492657A1 (fr) * 2011-02-22 2012-08-29 General Electric Company Procédé et appareil pour l'étalonnage de mesure de couple
CN110779439A (zh) * 2018-07-27 2020-02-11 三星电机株式会社 用于感测旋转主体的设备
US20220320985A1 (en) * 2017-12-01 2022-10-06 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. Actuator device
US11673794B2 (en) * 2017-12-01 2023-06-13 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. Actuator device

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR890000890A (ko) * 1987-06-22 1989-03-17 미타 가츠시게 토크검출장치
IT1233045B (it) * 1988-05-18 1992-03-14 Walterscheid Gmbh Jean Procedimento e dispositivo per la misurazione di un momento torcente agente su un elemento deformabile.
DE3907760A1 (de) * 1989-03-10 1990-09-20 Battelle Institut E V Verfahren und vorrichtung zur fehlerfreien drehmomentmessung an einer welle
DE19732124C2 (de) * 1997-06-25 2003-04-17 Kuesel Mailaender Katharina Verfahren zum Prüfen eines Zahnrades sowie einer Zahnstange und Vorrichtung zum Prüfen eines Zahnrades

Citations (17)

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US2346976A (en) * 1941-08-23 1944-04-18 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Torque measuring device
DE1060609B (de) * 1955-05-31 1959-07-02 Ferranti Ltd Messvorrichtung zum genauen Bestimmen der Groesse und Richtung der Bewegungen eines Gegenstandes relativ zu einem festen Bezugssystem
US3049003A (en) * 1956-09-05 1962-08-14 Clark Equipment Co Torque measurement apparatus
US3505865A (en) * 1966-03-16 1970-04-14 Jungner Instrument Ab Arrangement for measuring angular differences
US3587305A (en) * 1969-05-14 1971-06-28 Simmonds Precision Products Two-gear,misalignment compensated torque system
DE2231571A1 (de) * 1972-06-28 1974-01-10 Daimler Benz Ag Vorrichtung zum messen von verdrehungen mechanischer systeme
FR2238923A1 (en) * 1973-07-27 1975-02-21 Toutain Gerard Measurement of shaft transmitted torque - is by use of two magnetic tracks and four pickups
US3897766A (en) * 1971-05-10 1975-08-05 Massachusetts Inst Technology Apparatus adapted to opto-electrically monitor the output of a prime mover to provide signals which are fed back to the input and thereby provide control of the prime mover
SU699450A1 (ru) * 1977-06-13 1979-11-25 Центральный Научно-Испытательный Полигон-Филиал Вниистройдормаш Цифровой фазометр
SU714182A1 (ru) * 1976-12-20 1980-02-05 Предприятие П/Я А-1902 Устройство дл измерени крут щего момента вращающегос вала
US4262251A (en) * 1977-08-29 1981-04-14 Nissan Motor Company, Limited Device for measuring rotational angle of rotary member
DE3007311A1 (de) * 1980-02-27 1981-10-29 Dr. Johannes Heidenhain Gmbh, 8225 Traunreut Digitales lichtelektrisches laengen- oder winkelmesssystem
SU920410A1 (ru) * 1980-03-19 1982-04-15 Казахский Научно-Исследовательский И Проектный Институт Автомобильного Транспорта Способ и устройство дл измерени крут щего момента
SU996876A1 (ru) * 1981-05-22 1983-02-15 Казахский Научно-Исследовательский И Проектный Институт Автомобильного Транспорта Устройство дл измерени крут щего момента
DE3235122A1 (de) * 1981-10-13 1983-04-28 Koppers Co., Inc., 15219 Pittsburgh, Pa. Drehmoment-messgeraet
DE3509763A1 (de) * 1984-11-22 1986-05-22 Battelle-Institut E.V., 6000 Frankfurt Schaltungsanordnung zur messung des drehmoments
US4683746A (en) * 1985-02-02 1987-08-04 Lucas Electrical Electronics And Systems Limited Torque monitoring

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DE910455C (de) * 1942-10-06 1954-05-03 Aeg Anordnung zur Ausmessung von Phasenwinkeln zwischen zwei periodischen Impulsen
US3454777A (en) * 1964-05-14 1969-07-08 Sequential Electronic Systems Measurement of object displacements and velocities
US4148222A (en) * 1977-12-22 1979-04-10 General Electric Company Apparatus and method for measuring torsional vibration
US4224514A (en) * 1978-06-16 1980-09-23 Sensor Technology, Inc. Optical encoder
GB2067747B (en) * 1980-01-18 1983-08-03 Stanley Tools Ltd Displacement measuring system
US4644157A (en) * 1982-03-08 1987-02-17 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Optical rotation detecting apparatus

Patent Citations (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2346976A (en) * 1941-08-23 1944-04-18 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Torque measuring device
DE1060609B (de) * 1955-05-31 1959-07-02 Ferranti Ltd Messvorrichtung zum genauen Bestimmen der Groesse und Richtung der Bewegungen eines Gegenstandes relativ zu einem festen Bezugssystem
US3049003A (en) * 1956-09-05 1962-08-14 Clark Equipment Co Torque measurement apparatus
US3505865A (en) * 1966-03-16 1970-04-14 Jungner Instrument Ab Arrangement for measuring angular differences
US3587305A (en) * 1969-05-14 1971-06-28 Simmonds Precision Products Two-gear,misalignment compensated torque system
US3897766A (en) * 1971-05-10 1975-08-05 Massachusetts Inst Technology Apparatus adapted to opto-electrically monitor the output of a prime mover to provide signals which are fed back to the input and thereby provide control of the prime mover
DE2231571A1 (de) * 1972-06-28 1974-01-10 Daimler Benz Ag Vorrichtung zum messen von verdrehungen mechanischer systeme
FR2238923A1 (en) * 1973-07-27 1975-02-21 Toutain Gerard Measurement of shaft transmitted torque - is by use of two magnetic tracks and four pickups
SU714182A1 (ru) * 1976-12-20 1980-02-05 Предприятие П/Я А-1902 Устройство дл измерени крут щего момента вращающегос вала
SU699450A1 (ru) * 1977-06-13 1979-11-25 Центральный Научно-Испытательный Полигон-Филиал Вниистройдормаш Цифровой фазометр
US4262251A (en) * 1977-08-29 1981-04-14 Nissan Motor Company, Limited Device for measuring rotational angle of rotary member
DE3007311A1 (de) * 1980-02-27 1981-10-29 Dr. Johannes Heidenhain Gmbh, 8225 Traunreut Digitales lichtelektrisches laengen- oder winkelmesssystem
SU920410A1 (ru) * 1980-03-19 1982-04-15 Казахский Научно-Исследовательский И Проектный Институт Автомобильного Транспорта Способ и устройство дл измерени крут щего момента
SU996876A1 (ru) * 1981-05-22 1983-02-15 Казахский Научно-Исследовательский И Проектный Институт Автомобильного Транспорта Устройство дл измерени крут щего момента
DE3235122A1 (de) * 1981-10-13 1983-04-28 Koppers Co., Inc., 15219 Pittsburgh, Pa. Drehmoment-messgeraet
GB2107880A (en) * 1981-10-13 1983-05-05 Koppers Co Inc Torque measuring
DE3509763A1 (de) * 1984-11-22 1986-05-22 Battelle-Institut E.V., 6000 Frankfurt Schaltungsanordnung zur messung des drehmoments
US4683746A (en) * 1985-02-02 1987-08-04 Lucas Electrical Electronics And Systems Limited Torque monitoring

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5285691A (en) * 1991-09-06 1994-02-15 Dana Corporation Apparatus for monitoring operation of a drive shaft
US5895847A (en) * 1995-05-03 1999-04-20 Kem Kuppers Elektromechanik Gmbh Apparatus for generating signal pulses
US20020153885A1 (en) * 2001-04-20 2002-10-24 Lothar Blossfeld Two-wire sensor for measuring a physical parameter
US7124655B2 (en) * 2001-04-20 2006-10-24 Micronas Gmbh Two-wire sensor for measuring a physical parameter
EP1524433A1 (fr) * 2003-10-14 2005-04-20 REpower Systems AG Régulation de vitesse pour éolienne avec deux capteurs de proximité pour mesure de vitesse
US8539810B2 (en) 2011-02-22 2013-09-24 General Electric Company Method and apparatus for calibrating a torque measurement
EP2492657A1 (fr) * 2011-02-22 2012-08-29 General Electric Company Procédé et appareil pour l'étalonnage de mesure de couple
US20220320985A1 (en) * 2017-12-01 2022-10-06 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. Actuator device
US11581792B2 (en) * 2017-12-01 2023-02-14 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. Actuator device
US11673794B2 (en) * 2017-12-01 2023-06-13 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. Actuator device
US11757341B2 (en) * 2017-12-01 2023-09-12 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. Actuator device
US11939211B2 (en) 2017-12-01 2024-03-26 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. Actuator device
US12021431B2 (en) * 2017-12-01 2024-06-25 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. Actuator device
CN110779439A (zh) * 2018-07-27 2020-02-11 三星电机株式会社 用于感测旋转主体的设备

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3619408A1 (de) 1987-12-10
EP0249026A2 (fr) 1987-12-16
EP0249026A3 (fr) 1989-12-06
JPS6310912A (ja) 1988-01-18
DE3619408C2 (fr) 1989-08-24

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