Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
  • C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
  • C01B33/20—Silicates
  • C01B33/26—Aluminium-containing silicates, i.e. silico-aluminates
  • C01B33/28—Base exchange silicates, e.g. zeolites
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
  • C11D3/12—Water-insoluble compounds
  • C11D3/124—Silicon containing, e.g. silica, silex, quartz or glass beads
  • C11D3/1246—Silicates, e.g. diatomaceous earth
  • C11D3/128—Aluminium silicates, e.g. zeolites

Definitions

• the products of the above process are finely divided, X-ray amorphous aluminosilicates which contain tensides in a bound form as well as bound water and which, based on the tenside-free and anhydrous form, have the composition:
• Me 2 O is preferably an alkali metal oxide, in particular Na 2 O.
• the compounds have a marked calcium binding capacity, amounting to 50 to 200 mg CaO/gm of anhydrous active substance, and an exceptionally high suspension stability in water.
• the water content of the dried products is generally in the region of from 3 to 8 mols per mol of Al 2 O 3 (8% to 45% by weight).
• the preferred alkali metal aluminosilicates are obtained from alkali metal aluminates and alkali metal silicates, generally in the commercial form, which have a certain, fixed ratio of Me 2 O/Al 2 O 3 and Me 2 O/SiO 2 . If, using the given aluminate and silicate solutions, the quantities of aluminate and of silicate are calculated according to the desired Al 2 O 3 /SiO 2 ratio in the end product so that no excess aluminate or silicate is present in the mother liquor of the product, then the quantity of alkali metal in the reaction mixture can no longer be freely chosen.
• reaction mixture for the precipitation in most cases contains more alkali metal than corresponds to the composition of the desired product.
• excess alkali used is removed with the mother liquor when the precipitation product is isolated, the remainder is left in the precipitation product and increases the alkalinity in the interior of the individual particles. It is this enclosed alkali which will hereinafter be referred to as "excess alkali.”
• excess alkali may in some cases be advantageous, for example, as a reserve of alkali when aluminosilicates are used in washing liquors, the use of aluminosilicates with excess alkali in agents which are required to have a low pH gives rise to difficulties in adjustment of the pH since it may take days or even weeks to reach a constant pH due to the delayed release of excess alkali enclosed in the particles.
• An object of the present invention is to produce an aluminosilicate containing bound water and bound and absorbed tensides which is substantially neutral and free of excess alkali.
• Another object of the present invention is the development of a process for the production of a cation-exchanging water-insoluble, x-ray amorphous alkali metal aluminosilicate free of excess alkali, containing at least 3 mols of bound water for every mol of Al 2 O 3 and from 0.01% to 50% by weight, based on the anhydrous weight, of a surface-active compound active in the presence of water hardness formers selected from the group consisting of anionic surface-active compounds, cationic surface-active compounds, nonionic surface-active compounds, and zwitterionic surface-active compounds, and having for every mol of Al 2 O 3 , a mols of Me 2 O, where Me is an alkali metal, and b mols of SiO 2 , wherein a represents a value of from 0.7 to 1.5 and b represents a value of from 0.8 to 6, said aluminosilicates having a calcium sequestering power of from 50 to 200 mg CaO/gm of
• a mol Me 2 O ⁇ 1 mol Al 2 O 3 ⁇ b mol SiO 2 is characterized in that such a proportion of the quantity of alkali metal aluminate solution provided for the precipitation reaction with the alkali metal silicate solution is replaced by the solution of an acid aluminum salt taken from the group comprising aluminum sulfate, aluminum nitrate and aluminum chloride, added as separate solution, that the quantity of alkali present in the precipitation reaction mixture over and above a mol of Me 2 O is converted by the acid group of the aluminum salt into a water-soluble neutral salt which can be removed with the mother liquor, the hardness resistant tensides from the group comprising anionic, nonionic, cationic and zwitterionic surface-active compounds being present during the formation of the cation-exchanging, amorphous alkali metal aluminosilicate, this object being achieved by means of the fact that, in order to obtain the precipitation product
• the present invention relates to a process for the production of a cation-exchanging water-insoluble, x-ray amorphous alkali metal aluminosilicate free of excess alkali, containing at least 3 mols of bound water for every mol of Al 2 O 3 and from 0.01% to 50% by weight, based on the anhydrous weight of a surface-active compound active in the presence of water hardness formers selected from the group consisting of anionic surface-active compounds, cationic surface-active compounds, nonionic surface-active compounds, and zwitterionic surface-active compounds, and having for every mol of Al 2 O 3 , a mols of Me 2 O, where Me is an alkali metal, and b mols of SiO 2 , wherein a represents a value of from 0.7 to 1.5 and b represents a value of from 0.8 to 6, said aluminosilicates having a calcium sequestering power of from 50 to 200 mg CaO/gm of anhydrous
• the aluminosilicate suspensions obtained may be concentrated by removal of part of the mother liquor if desired. For many purposes, it is advantageous to replace the mother liquor by water.
• the aluminosilicates may be completely freed from the mother liquor and converted into dry powders by drying at temperatures of from 20° to 150° C., optionally under vacuum. These dried precipitation products still contain bound water which could only be removed completely by one hour's heating to 800° C., but such a heat treatment would also destroy the organic constituents.
• the values for the calcium binding capacities given in the Examples are based on this hypothetical completely dehydrated active substance (AS).
• the ratio of aluminum salt to aluminate required can be calculated according to stoichiometric rules. If the product of the process is required to have the composition: a Me 2 O ⁇ Al 2 O 3 ⁇ b SiO 2 and if the alkali metal silicate c Me 2 O ⁇ b SiO 2 and the alkali metal aluminate d O ⁇ b 2O ⁇ 1 Al 2 O 3 are used as starting materials, the quantity of acid aluminum salt is calculated as follows: ##EQU4##
• an aqueous solution of the tenside is mixed as separate solution with the silicate, aluminate and aluminum salt solutions.
• the silicate solution containing the dissolved tenside is introduced into the reaction vessel and the aluminate solution is added first and mixed with it, and then the solution of acid aluminum salt is added. The same results are obtained if the aluminate solution and aluminum salt solution are both added at the same time to the tenside-containing silicate solution in the reaction vessel.
• the silicate, aluminate and aluminum salt solutions are first mixed together, the silicate solution preferably being the one first introduced into the reaction vessel.
• the aqueous solution of tenside is then stirred into the precipitation mixture which is in the gel state, and the resulting reaction mixture is converted by further stirring into the amorphous precipitation product which has cation-exchanging properties.
• This variation of the process enables the gel initially formed to be discharged from the mixing apparatus and the tenside to be added immediately thereafter in a second vessel. Contamination of the reaction vessel with the tenside is thereby avoided so that the vessel can be used for the preparation of different products containing different types of tensides without first having to be cleaned.
• Another advantage of this embodiment is that the time of contact of the tensides with the strongly alkaline starting materials is shorter, so that damage is prevented, particularly to the highly sensitive cationic tensides.
• the finished precipitation product may be separated from the mother liquor if required and thus freed from the neutral salt formed in the reaction.
• the acid aluminum salt used is preferably aluminum sulfate.
• Aluminum nitrate and aluminum chloride can also be used but are less suitable.
• the Me 2 O in the aluminosilicate formula is in most cases Na 2 O but the potassium compounds may be preferred in special cases.
• the aluminosilicates may be treated with organic bases taken from the group comprising primary, secondary and tertiary alkylamines and alkylolamines containing not more than 2 carbon atoms per alkyl group or 2 to 3 carbon atoms per alkylol group in order to replace the alkali metal cations in the aluminosilicates by the cations of these bases.
• the procedure according to the invention provides an improved process for the formation of amorphous precipitation products having the desired composition and conversion of the excess alkali metal into a neutral salt. Separate subsequent neutralization, which is frequently found to impair the stability of the suspension formed in the precipitation reaction due to the formation of agllomerates is not necessary.
• the products obtained from the process are purely amorphous. Uneven formation of amorphous and crystalline aluminosilicates side by side, which may easily occur in the known process, is not observed in the process according to the invention.
• the reaction products are obtained as very small particles suspended in their mother liquor. They are virtually all below 30 ⁇ , with a maximum of the particle size distribution curve in the region of from 0.5 to 8 ⁇ .
• the alkali metal is used in the stoichiometrically required quantity in the reaction mixture, thereby avoiding excess alkali in the x-ray amorphous end products.
• the calcium binding capacity of the products is determined by the following method:
• the concentration of the suspensions obtained in the process of preparation is preferably in the range of from 2% to 50% by weight, especially from 5% to 35% by weight, of tenside-containing aluminosilicate. These concentrations refer to the products which have been dried for three hours at 80° C. and 100 Torr but still contain from 8% to 45% by weight of bound water. These drying conditions were chosen because they result in pourable powders which have a dry feel without impairing the calcium binding capacity.
• the process according to the invention results in higher conversions of silicate and aluminate than those obtained with reaction mixtures containing a high concentration of alkali, in which part of the silicate and of the aluminate is liable to remain dissolved in the mother liquor.
• the process according to this invention has for the first time made it possible to prepare, in reasonably high yields, products which have an exceptionally low or exceptionally high concentration of silica, i.e., about 0.8 or about 6.0 mol of SiO 2 , respectively, per mol of Al 2 O 3 .
• the tensides are built into the x-ray amorphous aluminosilicate which is in the process of forming, and they are released from this aluminosilicate more or less slowly, depending on the nature of the tenside, when the aluminosilicate is introduced into water which is free from tensides. It may, therefore, be advantageous to use aqueous tenside solutions of the incorporated tenside for washing out the mother liquors to purify the precipitated crude product.
• Hardness resistant tensides within the meaning of this invention may be anionic, cationic or zwitterionic surface-active compounds, as described in some detail in the above-mentioned German DOS No. 2,439,572.
• Nonionic surface-active compounds may also be used in the process according to the invention in addition to the hardness-resistant anionic, cationic and zwitterionic surface-active compounds described in more detail in German DOS No. 2,439,572.
• the nonionic surface-active compounds or tensides are addition products of from 1 to 40 mols, preferably from 2 to 20 mols, of ethylene oxide to 1 mol of an aliphatic compound having a replaceable hydrogen atom and containing substantially 10 to 20 carbon atoms, taken from the group comprising alcohols, carboxylic acids, fatty amines, carboxylic acid amides or alkanesulfonamides; as well as alkylphenols containing substantially 6 to 14 carbon atoms in the alkyl.
• the polypropylene glycol chain functions as the hydrophobic group.
• Nonionic tensides of the type of amine oxides or sulfoxides may also be used, for example, the compounds, N-coconut akyl-N,N-dimethyl aminoxide, N-hexadecyl-N,N-bis-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-aminoxide and N-tallow alkyl-N,N-dihydroxyethyl aminoxide.
• the tensides may be bound to the surface of the aluminosilicate particles but they may also be incorporated in the aluminosilicates. In most cases, they are both adsorbed on the surface and incorporated within the aluminosilicates.
• aluminosilicates which contain anionic, nonionic or zwitterionic surface-active compounds are suitable for use as additives to washing and cleaning liquors because of their property of releasing their surfactants in aqueous systems.
• Those which contain cationic surface-active compounds are distinguished by their remarkable capacity for adsorbing dissolved dyes or dispersed pigments in aqueous suspension and may, therefore, be used as adsorbents for such substances.
• Example 2 For comparison, a product was prepared under the same conditions as in Example 1, but without addition of an acid aluminum salt. Instead of 46 gm of sodium aluminate, 55% of sodium aluminate of the same composition were used.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Geology (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
• Detergent Compositions (AREA)
• Catalysts (AREA)
• Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)

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