US4065928A - Method for constructing a reliable foundation in soft soil formations - Google Patents

Method for constructing a reliable foundation in soft soil formations Download PDF

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Publication number
US4065928A
US4065928A US05/719,698 US71969876A US4065928A US 4065928 A US4065928 A US 4065928A US 71969876 A US71969876 A US 71969876A US 4065928 A US4065928 A US 4065928A
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United States
Prior art keywords
soft soil
tubular
agitating
soil
region
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Expired - Lifetime
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US05/719,698
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English (en)
Inventor
Atsushi Takagi
Hiroyuki Kuroiwa
Masao Miyaguchi
Tateo Kawamura
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Takenaka Komuten Co Ltd
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Takenaka Komuten Co Ltd
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E02D5/34—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same
    • E02D5/46—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same making in situ by forcing bonding agents into gravel fillings or the soil
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/18—Bulkheads or similar walls made solely of concrete in situ

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for building up an improved foundation in soft and fine-grained soil, sand and the like.
  • the first, third and forth methods need the replacement of the soft or loose soils with sand or lime so that these methods must be spend painstaking labor and a lot of time especially when the site has a deep soft soil formation in relatively large area.
  • the first method has met a problem to seek out a huge damp space which is able to receive a great amount of soil or sand removed from the site.
  • the third method as well as the first method are, as a rule, unable to avoid settlement or sinking of the structures or embankment fills constructed.
  • the fifth method with which this invention is concerned was originally performed by solidifying the whole body of soft soil formation. It accordingly cost much labor, time and money.
  • This original method was improved recently.
  • the improved method comprising steps of vertically agitating the linearly restricted region of soft soil formation by utilizing the single shaft agitator, mixing chemical hardener with soft soils to construct a column pile structure in the soft soil formation and surrounding the untreated soft soils with a plurality of the said column pile structures.
  • This prior method resulted in increase of the bearing capacity of the soft soil formations without treating whole quantity of the soils but with less chemical hardener and less period of performance.
  • the thickness of the column pile structures has been substantially equalized to the spread of agitating blades attached to the shaft of the device. Then it is unable to decrease the thickness of the wall upon considering the efficiency of performance and also to excessively increase it because of incapability of uniform agitation. Consequently, the wall has been 1000 - 1500 mm in thickness. Further, it has been required skilled work to obtain certain joints in successive structures owing to the limitation of the wall's thickness. Futhermore, for surrounding the untreated soft soils with a plural column pile structures, numerous agitating shafts or many times of performance of agitator are required.
  • the general object of the present invention is to provide improved and simplified method for building up reliable foundation and strengthening soft and loose soil formations to the substantial depth without removing any of the original soil.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide methods for the purpose mentioned which are faster in operation and more economical in performance.
  • Still another object of the invention is to provide methods for the purpose mentioned which are able to easily obtain various size of foundation in thickness.
  • Further object of the invention is to provide methods for the purpose mentioned which are able to easily obtain certain joints in successive structures.
  • Still further object of the invention is to provide methods for the purpose mentioned which form stable foundations by fully utilizing the statical and dynamical performance of the improved cross-section.
  • Yet object of the invention is to provide methods for the purpose mentioned which are able to enclose a subsurface mass of soft soil whthin tubular structure with annulus in section at a single operation.
  • a characteristic feature of the invention by which the foregoing objects are accomplished is in the steps of vertically solidifying soft soil and sand into tubular pile with annulus or connected annulus wall in section to substantial depths and repeating the same operations at sufficiently close positions to the piles solidifyed in advance to form a continuous wall.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-section of a foundation built up according to the present invention and a structure constructed thereupon.
  • FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional view of successive tubular piles according to the invention being in contact with each other.
  • FIG. 2B is a similar view to FIG. 2A showing succession of the piles overlapping each other.
  • FIG. 3A is a similar view to FIG. 2A showing a modification of invention employing connected-tubular piles.
  • FIG. 3B is a similar view to FIG. 2B showing succession of the connected tubular piles overlapping each other.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of further development of successive piles shown in FIG. 2B.
  • FIG. 5 and 6 are side elevational views of preferred forms of apparatuses employed for carrying out the invention, showing the apparatuses working in the soil with single shaft and double shafts, respectively.
  • a foundation A is built up in soft or loose soil 1 deposited on a hard soil substratum 2 of, for instance, the sea bottom.
  • the foundation A consists of a plurality of tubu-like mass or piles 3 with annulus in section to form a cylindrical wall 3a solidified in place to the depth of the substratum 2.
  • the piles 3 are formed in closely spaced positions horizontally extending over a selected area as shown in FIGS. 2A and 3A, or formed into a continuous wall by successive tubular piles sufficiently close together, actually with overlap as shown in FIGS. 2B and 3B.
  • the thickness 1 and the diameter L of the tubular piles 3 should be determined before solidifying operation taking into account a number of the piles or the range of overlaps and the natures or properties of the soil so that a sufficient bearing capacity of the foundation is provided for supporting structures B, for instance, embankment fills.
  • the soft soil is surrounded at a restricted region 1a with the cylindrical wall 3a of individual tubular pile 3 (FIGS. 2A - 3B). And moreover the soft soil may be enclosed with a plurality of piles 3 successively disposed or circularized (FIG. 4).
  • a shaft 4 is suspended from and operably connected to a machine box 5 which has therein a gear reducer and a motor 7 for ratating the shaft.
  • the shaft 4 is provided at its lower end with a barrel or cylinder 8 the lowermost edge of which is preferably formed into sow blade shape to assist in penetrating the soil formation.
  • Agitating or mixing blades 9 are attached onto the internal and/or external surface of the barrel 8.
  • the barrel 8 is preferably 1500 - 2500 mm in its diameter for the purpose of increasing efficiency of works.
  • the barrel 8 is exchangeable together with the lower most end section of the shaft 4 so as to form any desired thickened tubular wall, depending upon the character of the soil being worked upon.
  • the agitating device is also equipped with a chemical hardener suplying system including flexible hoses 10, swivel joints 11, conduits and injection nozzle 12.
  • the hoses are used to transport the chemical hardener slurry from a suitable chemical plant (not shown) to the swivel joints mounted on the shafts 4. From the swivel joints are extended the conduits within the shafts, to the nozzles.
  • the nozzle 12 for discharging solidifying agent or chemical hardener into the soil are provided on the barrel adjacent the blades 9.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 shows a device with twin shafts having similar agitating blades 9, circular range of agitation of which are arranged to overlap each other.
  • Number and arrangement of the shafts of the agitating device C are not limited to FIGS. 5 and 6.
  • the device C with a lot of the shafts 4 may be employed for performance of the invention.
  • the device C is operated by rotating the shaft 4 through driving device 5, sinking it into the soft soil simultaneously with agitating or stirring it, discharging stabilizing agent such as bentonite through the nozzles 12 and mixing with the soft soil or loose soil by action of the blades 9. This operation is continuously proceeded to the desired depth to be worked upon.
  • the piles 3 are formed and solidified in tubular shape with annulus in section as shown in FIG. 2A.
  • the diameter of pile is preferably 2500 - 3500 mm and a mass of the soil and sand is effeciently enclosed with the annulus wall in single operation.
  • the piles 3 are solidified in connected-tubular shape with connected annulus in section as shown in FIG. 2B. Because of further development of the successive or multiple tubular piles, considerably large enclosure, shown in FIG. 4, may be formed according to the demand of the work.
  • the performance of the invention mentioned will bring about secondary but very favorable by-product. That is, during mixing operation of chemical hardener with soft soil, a bulk of the soil is expanded in fluid state and overflowed above the surface of the soil formation from the spot of agitation. The overflowed soil extends in all directions over treated area and is solidified to form a mat above the pile foundation. Then, the untreated soils are confined with the overflowed soil and the wall of piles, as shown in FIG. 1. This action of the overflowed soil results in connecting upper end of the tubular piles to each other so that the mat serves to uniformly transfer the weight of the structures to the earth and the foundation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
US05/719,698 1975-09-11 1976-09-02 Method for constructing a reliable foundation in soft soil formations Expired - Lifetime US4065928A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP50110570A JPS5234509A (en) 1975-09-11 1975-09-11 Subsoil improving method
JA50-110570 1975-09-11

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US4065928A true US4065928A (en) 1978-01-03

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US (1) US4065928A (en:Method)
JP (1) JPS5234509A (en:Method)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2534611A1 (fr) * 1982-10-15 1984-04-20 Sif Entreprise Bachy Procede et dispositif pour la realisation d'une paroi moulee en terrain dur
US4537536A (en) * 1983-10-18 1985-08-27 The Shimizu Construction Co., Ltd. Process and apparatus of constructing a water tight underground pile wall
US4566825A (en) * 1984-03-21 1986-01-28 Toa Harbor Works Co., Ltd. Method of hardening soft ground
FR2610652A1 (fr) * 1987-02-09 1988-08-12 Soletanche Procede de renforcement d'un pieu tubulaire battu, pieu obtenu par ce procede, dispositif pour mettre en oeuvre le procede
US4886400A (en) * 1988-03-23 1989-12-12 S.M.W. Seiko, Inc. Side cutting blades for multi-shaft auger system and improved soil mixing wall formation process
US4906142A (en) * 1988-03-23 1990-03-06 S.M.W. Seiko, Inc. Side cutting blades for multi-shaft auger system and improved soil mixing wall formation process
US4909675A (en) * 1988-08-24 1990-03-20 Osamu Taki In situ reinforced structural diaphragm walls and methods of manufacturing
US5013185A (en) * 1988-03-23 1991-05-07 Osamu Taki Multi-shaft auger apparatus and process for fixation of soils containing toxic wastes
US5118223A (en) * 1988-03-23 1992-06-02 Osamu Taki Multi-shaft auger apparatus and process for forming soilcrete columns and walls and grids in situ in soil
EP0550419A1 (en) * 1988-03-31 1993-07-07 Kabushiki Kaisha Little Rock Shaft construction method
WO2000044994A1 (en) * 1999-01-28 2000-08-03 Austress Freyssinet Pty. Limited Soil mixing process
US6123484A (en) * 1997-01-29 2000-09-26 Fujita; Takatoyo Soil pile and method for constructing the same
US9909277B2 (en) * 2015-02-12 2018-03-06 Silar Services Inc. In situ waste remediation methods and systems
US10161097B2 (en) * 2012-05-23 2018-12-25 Ext Co., Ltd. Hybrid foundation structure, and method for building same
CN110886287A (zh) * 2019-09-29 2020-03-17 中交第一航务工程勘察设计院有限公司 一种浅层软土地基固化结构及其施工方法

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5751323A (en) * 1980-09-09 1982-03-26 N I T:Kk Method and apparatus for improving soft ground
US4769534A (en) * 1986-11-17 1988-09-06 Tektronix, Inc. Optical detector with storage effects reduction
CN112942314B (zh) * 2021-02-03 2022-03-29 腾达建设集团股份有限公司 一种搅拌桩内植管桩的施工方法

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2680416A (en) * 1950-01-19 1954-06-08 Int Basic Economy Corp Apparatus for forming underground drainage and irrigation openings
US2718761A (en) * 1955-09-27 Steuerman
US2782605A (en) * 1952-09-19 1957-02-26 Intrusion Prepakt Inc Process and apparatus for grouting porous formations
US3023585A (en) * 1956-11-26 1962-03-06 Intrusion Prepakt Inc Mixed in place pile
US3243962A (en) * 1961-04-17 1966-04-05 George R Ratliff Method and apparatus for treating soil
US3875751A (en) * 1967-06-14 1975-04-08 Kjeld F W Paus Strengthening cohesive soils

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5225013B2 (en:Method) * 1973-07-10 1977-07-05
JPS5244660B2 (en:Method) * 1973-11-08 1977-11-09
JPS5416326A (en) * 1977-07-07 1979-02-06 Toshiba Corp Contact point-spring composite material

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2718761A (en) * 1955-09-27 Steuerman
US2680416A (en) * 1950-01-19 1954-06-08 Int Basic Economy Corp Apparatus for forming underground drainage and irrigation openings
US2782605A (en) * 1952-09-19 1957-02-26 Intrusion Prepakt Inc Process and apparatus for grouting porous formations
US3023585A (en) * 1956-11-26 1962-03-06 Intrusion Prepakt Inc Mixed in place pile
US3243962A (en) * 1961-04-17 1966-04-05 George R Ratliff Method and apparatus for treating soil
US3875751A (en) * 1967-06-14 1975-04-08 Kjeld F W Paus Strengthening cohesive soils

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2534611A1 (fr) * 1982-10-15 1984-04-20 Sif Entreprise Bachy Procede et dispositif pour la realisation d'une paroi moulee en terrain dur
US4537536A (en) * 1983-10-18 1985-08-27 The Shimizu Construction Co., Ltd. Process and apparatus of constructing a water tight underground pile wall
US4566825A (en) * 1984-03-21 1986-01-28 Toa Harbor Works Co., Ltd. Method of hardening soft ground
US4902171A (en) * 1987-02-09 1990-02-20 Soletanche Process for reinforcing a driven tubular piling, the piling obtained by this process, an arrangement for implementing the process
FR2610652A1 (fr) * 1987-02-09 1988-08-12 Soletanche Procede de renforcement d'un pieu tubulaire battu, pieu obtenu par ce procede, dispositif pour mettre en oeuvre le procede
US5013185A (en) * 1988-03-23 1991-05-07 Osamu Taki Multi-shaft auger apparatus and process for fixation of soils containing toxic wastes
US4906142A (en) * 1988-03-23 1990-03-06 S.M.W. Seiko, Inc. Side cutting blades for multi-shaft auger system and improved soil mixing wall formation process
US4886400A (en) * 1988-03-23 1989-12-12 S.M.W. Seiko, Inc. Side cutting blades for multi-shaft auger system and improved soil mixing wall formation process
US5118223A (en) * 1988-03-23 1992-06-02 Osamu Taki Multi-shaft auger apparatus and process for forming soilcrete columns and walls and grids in situ in soil
EP0550419A1 (en) * 1988-03-31 1993-07-07 Kabushiki Kaisha Little Rock Shaft construction method
US4909675A (en) * 1988-08-24 1990-03-20 Osamu Taki In situ reinforced structural diaphragm walls and methods of manufacturing
US6123484A (en) * 1997-01-29 2000-09-26 Fujita; Takatoyo Soil pile and method for constructing the same
WO2000044994A1 (en) * 1999-01-28 2000-08-03 Austress Freyssinet Pty. Limited Soil mixing process
US10161097B2 (en) * 2012-05-23 2018-12-25 Ext Co., Ltd. Hybrid foundation structure, and method for building same
US9909277B2 (en) * 2015-02-12 2018-03-06 Silar Services Inc. In situ waste remediation methods and systems
CN110886287A (zh) * 2019-09-29 2020-03-17 中交第一航务工程勘察设计院有限公司 一种浅层软土地基固化结构及其施工方法

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Publication number Publication date
JPS552485B2 (en:Method) 1980-01-21
JPS5234509A (en) 1977-03-16

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