US3900376A - Cleaning of metal surfaces - Google Patents

Cleaning of metal surfaces Download PDF

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Publication number
US3900376A
US3900376A US413415A US41341573A US3900376A US 3900376 A US3900376 A US 3900376A US 413415 A US413415 A US 413415A US 41341573 A US41341573 A US 41341573A US 3900376 A US3900376 A US 3900376A
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article
electrolyte
voltage
cell
cleaned
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US413415A
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Mervyn John Copsey
Brian Hanson Wilby
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Electricity Council
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Electricity Council
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
    • C23G5/00—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25F1/00—Electrolytic cleaning, degreasing, pickling or descaling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25F7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic removal of material from objects; Servicing or operating

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT [30] Foreign Apphcatlon Pnomy Data Elongate metal articles such as rods, bars strip and I972 United Kingdom 51631/72 wire are cleaned by passing them through an electrolyte such that a gas e.g. hydrogen is evolved at the [52] US. Cl.
  • PATENTEDAUB 1 91975 500,45;
  • the present invention finds particular application in the cleaning of oxide scales from metal surfaces, particularly iron or steel. It is at present the common practice to use acid pickling processes for removing oxide scales but, with such processes, problems arise in the disposal of the effluents. It is one of the objects of the present invention to provide an improved process for cleaning oxide scales from metal surfaces in which it is possible to have substantially no waste products other than hydrogen and oxygen gas and the material removed from the surface. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a continuous process such as may be used for cleaning elongate articles such as bars, tubes or wire.
  • the technique employed is not affected by other surface contamination of the article, even exterior contamination for example by paint or grease, such materials being removed by the method of the invention.
  • the present invention makes use of an electrolytic process in which the surface area of the article to be cleaned is covered with an electrolyte and an electric voltage is applied between the article and at least one other electrode in contact with the electrolyte. It is known to effect heat treatment of an article in an electrolyte by applying a high voltage such that a layer of gas or vapour covers the surface of the article and an arc discharge occurs through this layer, between the electrolyte and the article. The occurrence of this discharge is a well-known phenomenon and its use for heating of the article is described for example in British Patent Specification No. 1,209,951. Brief reference has also been made to the fact that the process can clean dirty metal surfaces [P. Hoho, Electrical Rev. 104, 185-7 l929): T.
  • the present invention makes use of this unstable regime in that, by having a static or only slowly flowing electrolyte and by operating at a voltage just above that of the unstable regime, it is possible to maintain the layer of gas or vapour covering the surface of the article with the discharge therethrough at a current level which does not cause excessive heating of the article or of the electrolyte but which serves to remove surface contamiants such as oxide scales, paints, and greases from the article.
  • a method of cleaning a surface of an elongate metal article in a continuous process comprises the steps of moving the surface of the article through an electrolyte which does not react chemically with the metal to be cleaned or any surface contaminant on the article so that successive regions of the surface area to be cleaned are covered by the electrolyte and applying an electric voltage between the article and at least one other electrode electrically in contact with the electrolyte, said voltage being sufficiently high that a layer of gas or vapour covers the surface to be cleaned and a discharge occurs through this layer between the electrolyte and the surface, the electrolyte being static or caused to flow sufficiently slowly over said surface that, as the voltage is increased, there is an unstable regime where the current decreases with increase of voltage, the voltage being maintained above the level of this unstable regime.
  • the minimum voltage above the unstable regime is employed. This may readily be achieved by increasing the voltage beyond that necessary to initiate stable discharge operation and then reducing the voltage to the minimum required for stable operation.
  • the required voltage may be determined empirically; for example one may determine the voltage for minimum current and then apply this voltage to an article before operation of the cleaning process is commenced. As the article is immersed in the electrolyte, current is drawn and the potential will drop slightly due to the drooping characteristic of the power generator but the discharge will settle down to the cleaning regime. This cleaning regime might, for practical purposes, be considered as being 1 10 volts of the potential for minimum current at the higher voltage end of the unstable regime.
  • the applied potential may be alternating or direct. If direct, it may be of either polarity but preferably the article to be cleaned is the cathode and a direct voltage is applied between this cathode and one or more anodes which are maintained at a positive potential in respect of the cathode. Typically the voltage will be in excess of I00 volts and the cathodic current density would be made in excess of 5 A cm".
  • the electrolyte may be made to flow over the surface to be cleaned and then recirculated, solid matter being removed before the electrolyte is passed back over the article. Removal of solid matter may conveniently be by filtration or by settling in a settling tank.
  • the circulation rate however is kept as low as possible since increase of flow rate increases the current density in the cleaning regime and also the potential necessary to maintain it and hence increases the heating. Furthermore, at high flow rates, the unstable regime between normal electrolysis and stable discharge operation does not occur.
  • the electrolyte is conveniently an aqueous electrolyte and, for descaling steel, an alkaline electrolyte is preferable, such as a w/v aqueous solution of caustic soda or sodium carbonate.
  • the preferred electrolyte for iron and steel is a saturated aqueous solution of mixed potassium and sodium carbonates.
  • the article By making the article the cathode, hydrogen is initially generated at the surface to be cleaned.
  • the high voltage and high current density cause substantial heat generation and the surface of the article is covered with a layer containing both hydrogen and steam.
  • the discharge through the gas and vapour layer causes any scale on the article to flake off. Other surface contamination such as greasem paint or rust will also be removed.
  • the speed of descaling is dependent on the voltage applied to the electrodes and the cathodic current density.
  • the voltage must be sufficiently high that normal electrolytic conduction no longer occurs over the whole path between the electrodes; that is to say the voltage must be above that for normal electrolysis. This is because it is necessary that the layer of gas or vapour extends completely over the surface to be cleaned and an electrical discharge occurs through this layer. Operation at a voltage just above the unstable regime meets these requirements.
  • Any electrolyte which does not react chemically with the metal of the article to be cleaned or the surface contaminant thereon to be removed and which will not plate out material on to the cathode but which results in gas evolution at the surface may be used. It is most convenient to select a high conductivity electrlyte in which the metal to be cleaned is insoluble. Best results are obtained if the material to be cleaned constitutes the cathode; hydrogen evolution then occurs if an aqueous electrolyte is employed.
  • the nature of the anode is not critical. However, with high electrolytic currents, the anode is subjected to severe corrosive attack and it is, for this reason, preferred to use nickel as the anode. Certain stainless steels will also give resistance against corrosion.
  • the method may be applied as a continuous process by moving the article either continuously or in steps so that successive areas of the article are cleaned. Such an arrangement may be used for cleaning wires, bars, sheet or plate.
  • the article may be passed continuously through a cell.
  • the electrolyte may be pumped continuously through the cell so that it overflows therefrom thereby avoiding any necessity for liquid-tight seal between the article and the cell structure; the pumping rate must be kept low however for the reasons mentioned above.
  • the article For cleaning an elongate article, such as a rod, bar or tube, the article may be rotated about its axis as it is moved through the cell. Conveniently it is moved horizontally through the cell and, in this case, it need only be partially immersed in the electrolyte, the rotation being such that any point on the surface of the article makes more than one complete rotation as it passes through the cell.
  • the invention furthermore includes within its scope an article cleaned by the above-described method.
  • the invention furthermore includes within its scope apparatus for cleaning an elongate metal article comprising a cell containing an electrolyte, means for moving the article through or over the cell so that at least a part of the surface of the article is in contact with the electrolyte, and means for applying an electric voltage between the article and said electrode, said voltage being sufficiently high that a layer of gas or vapour covers the surface to be cleaned and a discharge occurs through this layer between the electrolyte and the surface, and means causing the electrolyte to flow over said surface, the flow rate being sufficiently slow that, as the voltage is increased, there is an unstable regime where the current decreases with increase of voltage, and the voltage being maintained above the level of this unstable regime.
  • the article may be a rod, bar or tube which can be moved through the cell either vertically or horizontally, the electrode being coaxial with the article. If the article is moved horizontally, preferably an openstructured electrode is employed to allow the gases and vapour to escape or the electrode is arranged to extend around the underside of the article, the article being rotated as it passes through the cell so that all the surface is cleaned.
  • the article is a flat sheet, strip or flat bar to be cleaned on one surface, it may be moved across the top of a cell with the surface to be cleaned in contact with electrolyte in the cell.
  • FIG. 1 is a graphical diagram for explaining the invention and illustrating a typical relationship between current and applied potential
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating one form of apparatus for cleaning a metal bar
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating another form of apparatus for cleaning a metal bar
  • FIG. 4 is an isometric view of an anode used in the apparatus of FIG. 3',
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating yet another form of apparatus for cleaning a metal bar.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an apparatus for cleaning a metal sheet.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the relationship between the current and applied potential in a typical case where a steel bar is immersed in a saturated aqueous solution of mixed potassium and sodium carbonates.
  • the current increases as the potential increases up to B where the potential in this example is about volts, the increase of current with potential being substantially linear over the greater part of this range.
  • B the potential in this example is about volts
  • an unstable regime sets in in which gas and vapour begins to surround the article completely and a discharge takes place through this gaseous layer.
  • the regime becomes stable at C with a current substantially less than the maximum current achieved at B in the normal electrolysis regime at 120 volts.
  • the article is now covered completely with a gaseous layer through which a discharge takes place.
  • Increase of potential beyond I50 volts results in increased current but the operation is stable with a discharge through the gaseous layer.
  • the potential is now decreased, there is a minimum current reached at about I50 volts and further decrease of potential results in an increase of current as shown by the solid line curve from C to D but thereafter the unstable regime takes over and stability is reached again at B when the potential has been reduced to 120 volts.
  • the present invention makes use of the cleaning regime which is the region between D and E on the curve within about l0 volts on either side of V] where the operation can be stable with a current substantially less than the maximum current for normal electrolysis.
  • FIG. I The relationship illustrated in FIG. I is a typical relationship where the electrolyte is static or where the rate of flow of electrolyte in the anode/cathode region is very small.
  • the flow rate however has a strong effect on the characteristic curve.
  • the power consumption rises rapidly since both the current density in the cleaning regime and the potential necessary to maintain it rise.
  • the distinction between normal electrolysis and the stable operation in the cleaning regime and, at higher voltage, the heating regime above E is not as clearly marked as in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates diagrammatically one form of apparatus for symmetrical descaling of bars of circular hexagon square or other section.
  • a bar is passed vertically upwardly with a continuous uniform speed by bar feed means indicated diagrammatically at 11.
  • the bar passes through electrical contact rollers 12 which are electrically earthed at 13 and thence through a seal 14 in the bottom of an electrolytic cell 15.
  • This cell 15 is constructed of electrically insulating material and is provided with a cylindrical nickel anode 16 of circular section coaxial with the bar I0.
  • Electrolyte comprising a saturated aqueous solution of a mixture of sodium and potassium carbonates is slowly pumped into the cell through an inlet 17 near the bottom and is allowed to flow over the top of the cell wall into a collecting tray 18 from which it is returned to a storage tank 19 for recirculation by a pump 20.
  • the bar 10 passes through further electrically earthed guide rollers 21.
  • the nickel anode 12 is connected at 22 to the positive terminal of an adjustable direct voltage supply indicated diagrammatically at 23. The negative terminal of the supply is earthed.
  • the potential applied to the anode is adjusted so that the cell operates in the cleaning regime (between D and E on FIG. 1) as previously explained.
  • the high current density results in hydrogen evolution on the surface of the bar and a gas film completely covers the bar within the cell.
  • a discharge takes place through this gaseous layer.
  • the heat generated results in the production of steam and the layer around the bar thus consists of both hydrogen and steam.
  • the discharge through this gas and vapour layer causes any scale on the bar to flake off, the scale settling in the bottom of the cell 15 or being carried by the flow of electrolyte to settle in the storage tank 19.
  • Positive filtration may however be employed if desired to separate the scale from the electrolyte before it passes into the tank 19.
  • the storage tank 19 also forms a cooling system, the volume of the tank being such that the electrolyte cools before recirculation by the pump 20.
  • the rate of recirculation must be kept low in order to ensure that the cell can operate with a characteristic, such as has been shown in FIG. 1, having a cleaning regime extending for about plus or minus 10 volts of the voltage V] giving minimum current.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a horizontal feed system.
  • a bar 30 is passed horizontally through earthed contact rollers 31 and thence through an end seal 32 into a cell 33.
  • the bar passes out of the cell through a further end seal 34 and earthed support rollers 35.
  • the end seals are shown as roller seals and need not provide a good liquid-tight seal to the bar provided they reduce the rate of leakage of electrolyte at the entry and exit points to a sufi'iciently low level.
  • a collecting tank 36 may be provided underneath the cell to collect electrolyte which leaks out at these points.
  • a cylindrical nickel anode 40 is arranged coaxially around the bar 30 within the cell 33. This anode is connected as indicated at 41 to the positive terminal of an adjustable direct potential supply source 42, the negative terminal of which is earthed at 43. Electrolyte comprising a saturated solution of a mixture of sodium and potassium carbonate is pumped into the cell through an inlet 42 near the bottom of the cell and overflows from the top of the cell into the aforementioned collecting tank 36. In order to allow free egress of the electrolytically generated gases and vapours. the anode has to be an open structure for example apertured or formed of rods or the like.
  • a preferred form of anode is illustrated in FIG. 4 and comprises a squirrel-cage construction having end rings 45, 46 joined by a series of parallel bars 47.
  • the cell of FIG. 3 is operated in a similar manner to that of FIG. 2 by applying a suitable voltage to the anode so that the operation is within the cleaning regime of the current voltage characteristic as previously described.
  • the cell of FIG. 3 may not give a uniform rate of descaling over the whole surface of the bar owing to interference at the top of the bar 30 by rising bubbles of electrolytically generated gases and by thermal convection currents causing a locally enhanced electrolyte flow rate.
  • the cell of FIG. 3 will be satisfactory but if a more uniform descaling action is required, the bar may be rotated as it is passed through the cell.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates diagrammatically a construction of cell in which a bar is rotated.
  • Linear and rotational feed means indicated diagrammatically at 50 feed a bar 51 in such a manner that any point on the bar, in passing through the cell, makes several complete revolutions. Since the bar is rotated, it is no longer necessary to have the anode completely surrounding the bar and in FIG. 5 a semi-cylindrical nickel anode 52 is employed arranged in a cell 53, the anode extending around the undersurface of the bar.
  • the bar is supported by two sets of inclined rollers 54, 55 which are electrically earthed and passes through seals 56, 57 in the end walls 58, 59 of the cell.
  • Electrolyte comprising, a saturated solution of sodium potassium carbonate is pumped into the cell at an inlet 60 and overflows the one of the side walls 61 of the cell 53 at the level of the top of the anode 52 to be collected in a collecting tank and recirculated.
  • the collecting tray, collecting tank and pump are not illustrated; they may be similar to the corresponding components in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • the collecting tray also collects any electrolyte which spills through the end seals 56 through which the bar 51 passes into and out of the cell 53.
  • the anode 52 is connected as shown at 62 to the positive terminal of a source 63 of adjustable direct potential, the negative terminal of which is earthed. The supply can be adjusted as before so that the cell operates in the cleaning regime.
  • the axis of the bar is at the level of the top of the edges of the anode 52, that is to say the overflow level of the cell, and hence the bar is half immersed in the cell.
  • the descaling action takes place at the part of the surface of the bar 51 which at any one time is immersed in the electrolyte, that is to say the lower surface.
  • the rotation of the bar however is at such a rate that the whole surface is descaled as the bar passes through the cell. Scale removed from the bar collects in the bottom of the cell 53 and may be removed from time to time.
  • the cell length was 60 mm and the anode diameter 240 mm.
  • EXAMPLE I A mild steel bar of l9.5 mm diameter covered with a loose black oxide scale approximately p. thick was passed through the cell with a linear velocity of 0.6 m/min and with a superimposed rotation of one revolution in mm linear movement. An electrolyte flow rate of IO llmin was used, and the voltage and total current were 150V and 125 A respectively. The bar emerged from the cell as clean grey metal. The energy expenditure directly used in descaling the bar was therefore 8.5 kWh/m of surface area.
  • EXAMPLE 2 A steel bar of l6 mm diameter covered with a compact well-adhered black scale approximately p thick was passed through the cell with a linear velocity of 0.13 m/min with a superimposed rotation of one revolution in IS mm linear movement. An electrolyte flow rate of IO l/min was used, and the voltage and current were 150V and 75A respectively. The bar emerged from the cell as clean grey metal. The energy expenditure directly used in descaling the bar was therefore 29 kWh/m of surface area.
  • a higher rate of descaling metal may be simply obtained by increasing the length of the anode and correspondingly increasing the current.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a form of cell for descaling a metal sheet.
  • a similar cell may be used for flat strip or flat bars.
  • a flat sheet 70 is passed by linear feed means 80 horizontally between two electrical earthing rollers 71 and thence across the top of an electrolytic cell 72 to pass between two further electrical earthing rollers 73.
  • the cell 72 is of generally rectangular form in plan with a rectangular nickel anode 74 extending over the base of the cell and connected at 75 to the positive terminal of an adjustable d.c. supply source 76, the negative terminal of which is earthed.
  • Electrolyte comprising a saturated solution of a mixture of sodium and potassium carbonates is pumped into the cell through an inlet opening 76 to overflow at the top of the cell.
  • the top of the cell is partially closed adjacent two sides by top surfaces 77. Between these top surfaces 77, the end walls extend upwardly as shown at 78 and the plate passes between these two upstanding portions 78 of the end walls. The inner edges of the top surfaces 77 are turned upwardly as shown at 79 to reach to the underside of the plate 70, the electrolyte flowing out through the gap between these edges 79 and the underside of the plate but covering the underside of the plate.
  • a collection tray is provided underneath the cell for collection of the electrolyte which is passed to a collection tank and pump for recirculation but the collector tray, tank and pump are omitted from FIG. 6 for clarity. With this arrabgement, as in the cells of FIGS.
  • the effective area of the anode is substantially greater than the effective cathode area of the article to be descaled.
  • the operation is similar to that of previous cells, the anode potential being adjusted to the appropriate value so that the cell operates in the cleaning regime of the current/voltage characteristic.
  • roller-type earthing contacts have been employed.
  • Other types may be used, e.g. sliding contacts but, if it is necessary to eliminate all possibility of contact-arc burn marks on the finished article, immersed electrolyte connections may be used for the earthing contacts.
  • a method of cleaning a surface of an elongate metal article in a continuous process comprising the steps of moving the surface of the article through an electrolyte which does not react chemically with the metal to be cleaned or any surface contaminant on the article so that successive regions of the surface area to be cleaned are covered by the electrolyte and applying an electric voltage between the article and at least one other electrode electrically in contact with the electrolyte, said voltage being sufficiently high that a layer of gas or vapour covers the surface to be cleaned and a discharge occurs through this layer between the electrolyte and the surface, the electrolyte being static or caused to flow sufficiently slowly over said surface that, as the voltage is increased, there is an unstable regime where the current decreases with increase of voltage, the voltage being maintained above the level of this unstable regime.
  • a method as claimed in claim I and wherein said other electrode is of substantially greater surface area is fed horizontally and only partially immersed in the electrolyte to leave its upper surface exposed. the speed of rotation being such that any point on the surface of the article makes more than one complete rotation as it passes through a treatment cell.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
  • Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)
US413415A 1972-11-08 1973-11-06 Cleaning of metal surfaces Expired - Lifetime US3900376A (en)

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Cited By (23)

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US4046592A (en) * 1976-01-12 1977-09-06 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Wire cleaning system
US4233108A (en) * 1974-10-05 1980-11-11 Kobe Steel, Limited Process for use in etching the outer surface of a metal member
US4544462A (en) * 1983-06-13 1985-10-01 Hitachi, Ltd. Process for removing metal surface oxide
US4572772A (en) * 1983-11-07 1986-02-25 Texas Instruments Incorporated Method for cleaning an electrode
US4618379A (en) * 1982-09-21 1986-10-21 Roberto Bruno Method for the continuous annealing of steel strips
US4820390A (en) * 1987-07-06 1989-04-11 The Interlake Companies, Inc. Apparatus and method for continuous electrochemical machining of strip material
US4941955A (en) * 1987-07-06 1990-07-17 The Interlake Companies, Inc. Apparatus and method for electrochemical machining of flat plates or sheets
US5160589A (en) * 1991-06-13 1992-11-03 Michelangelo Gionfriddo Procedure for the reduction of the cross-section of a wire
US5507926A (en) * 1994-07-11 1996-04-16 Emec Consultants Electrolytically assisted paint removal from a metal substrate
US6030519A (en) * 1998-07-06 2000-02-29 Keller; Rudolf Electrode pad for debonding paint from a metal substrate
WO2002090624A3 (en) * 2001-05-10 2003-05-22 Epcad Systems Llc A process and apparatus for cleaning and/or coating metal surfaces
RU2215068C2 (ru) * 2000-12-15 2003-10-27 Юнайтид Текнолоджиз Копэрейшн Устройство и способ для удаления покрытий
RU2215832C2 (ru) * 2001-11-05 2003-11-10 Липецкий государственный технический университет Способ электролитно-разрядной очистки сварочной проволоки
WO2004057065A1 (de) * 2002-12-18 2004-07-08 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum entfernen von zumindest einem oberflächenbereich eines bauteils
US20040256246A1 (en) * 2003-06-23 2004-12-23 Rudolf Keller Electrode pad for debonding paint from a nonconductive surface
US20050000826A1 (en) * 2003-07-01 2005-01-06 Yunfei Qiao Process control methods of electropolishing for metal substrate preparation in producing YBCO coated conductors
WO2012038083A1 (de) * 2010-09-24 2012-03-29 Oerlikon Trading Ag, Trübbach Verfahren zum entschichten von werkstücken
CN102787346A (zh) * 2012-07-31 2012-11-21 北京天艺创新科技有限公司 清洁环保型等离子体镀膜清洗工艺
CN103484928A (zh) * 2013-10-09 2014-01-01 电子科技大学 一种基于等离子体的钢铁制品除锈抛光方法
CN105297126A (zh) * 2015-10-15 2016-02-03 北京科技大学 一种液相等离子大面积金属材料表面连续处理方法
CN105887176A (zh) * 2016-06-22 2016-08-24 东南大学 一种钢筋的清洗方法
EP2610367A4 (en) * 2010-08-26 2016-10-12 Jfe Steel Corp PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF MODIFIED SURFACE ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE MATERIAL
US10400350B1 (en) * 2016-04-20 2019-09-03 IBC Materials & Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for removing paint on metallic components

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JPH03501753A (ja) * 1988-10-21 1991-04-18 ベロルススキ　ポリテフニチェスキ　インスティテュト 導電性材料製物品の電気化学加工方法
US5958604A (en) * 1996-03-20 1999-09-28 Metal Technology, Inc. Electrolytic process for cleaning and coating electrically conducting surfaces and product thereof
US5981084A (en) * 1996-03-20 1999-11-09 Metal Technology, Inc. Electrolytic process for cleaning electrically conducting surfaces and product thereof
RU2077611C1 (ru) * 1996-03-20 1997-04-20 Виталий Макарович Рябков Способ обработки поверхностей и устройство для его осуществления
RU2104338C1 (ru) * 1997-05-20 1998-02-10 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "ПРОЕКТ" Способ очистки поверхности металлического изделия в электролите
RU2149930C1 (ru) * 1999-07-30 2000-05-27 Рябков Данила Витальевич Способ модифицирования поверхности металлических изделий и устройство для реализации способа
RU2278911C2 (ru) * 2004-06-16 2006-06-27 Сибирский Государственный аэрокосмический университет имени академика М.Ф. Решетнева Способ электрохимической катодной очистки металлических поверхностей от слоев неэлектропроводных материалов

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US4233108A (en) * 1974-10-05 1980-11-11 Kobe Steel, Limited Process for use in etching the outer surface of a metal member
US4046592A (en) * 1976-01-12 1977-09-06 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Wire cleaning system
US4618379A (en) * 1982-09-21 1986-10-21 Roberto Bruno Method for the continuous annealing of steel strips
US4544462A (en) * 1983-06-13 1985-10-01 Hitachi, Ltd. Process for removing metal surface oxide
US4572772A (en) * 1983-11-07 1986-02-25 Texas Instruments Incorporated Method for cleaning an electrode
US4941955A (en) * 1987-07-06 1990-07-17 The Interlake Companies, Inc. Apparatus and method for electrochemical machining of flat plates or sheets
US4820390A (en) * 1987-07-06 1989-04-11 The Interlake Companies, Inc. Apparatus and method for continuous electrochemical machining of strip material
US5160589A (en) * 1991-06-13 1992-11-03 Michelangelo Gionfriddo Procedure for the reduction of the cross-section of a wire
US5507926A (en) * 1994-07-11 1996-04-16 Emec Consultants Electrolytically assisted paint removal from a metal substrate
US6030519A (en) * 1998-07-06 2000-02-29 Keller; Rudolf Electrode pad for debonding paint from a metal substrate
RU2215068C2 (ru) * 2000-12-15 2003-10-27 Юнайтид Текнолоджиз Копэрейшн Устройство и способ для удаления покрытий
WO2002090624A3 (en) * 2001-05-10 2003-05-22 Epcad Systems Llc A process and apparatus for cleaning and/or coating metal surfaces
RU2215832C2 (ru) * 2001-11-05 2003-11-10 Липецкий государственный технический университет Способ электролитно-разрядной очистки сварочной проволоки
WO2004057065A1 (de) * 2002-12-18 2004-07-08 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum entfernen von zumindest einem oberflächenbereich eines bauteils
US20040256246A1 (en) * 2003-06-23 2004-12-23 Rudolf Keller Electrode pad for debonding paint from a nonconductive surface
US7169286B2 (en) * 2003-07-01 2007-01-30 Superpower, Inc. Process control methods of electropolishing for metal substrate preparation in producing YBCO coated conductors
US20050000826A1 (en) * 2003-07-01 2005-01-06 Yunfei Qiao Process control methods of electropolishing for metal substrate preparation in producing YBCO coated conductors
EP2610367A4 (en) * 2010-08-26 2016-10-12 Jfe Steel Corp PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF MODIFIED SURFACE ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE MATERIAL
US9512539B2 (en) 2010-09-24 2016-12-06 Oerlikon Surface Solutions Ag, Pfaffikon Process for removing a coating from workpieces
WO2012038083A1 (de) * 2010-09-24 2012-03-29 Oerlikon Trading Ag, Trübbach Verfahren zum entschichten von werkstücken
CN103109000A (zh) * 2010-09-24 2013-05-15 欧瑞康贸易股份公司(特吕巴赫) 对工件除层的方法
RU2579717C2 (ru) * 2010-09-24 2016-04-10 Эрликон Серфиз Солюшнз Аг, Трюббах Способ удаления покрытия с обрабатываемых деталей
CN103109000B (zh) * 2010-09-24 2018-06-26 欧瑞康表面解决方案股份公司，普费菲孔 对工件除层的方法
CN102787346A (zh) * 2012-07-31 2012-11-21 北京天艺创新科技有限公司 清洁环保型等离子体镀膜清洗工艺
CN103484928A (zh) * 2013-10-09 2014-01-01 电子科技大学 一种基于等离子体的钢铁制品除锈抛光方法
CN103484928B (zh) * 2013-10-09 2016-03-23 电子科技大学 一种基于等离子体的钢铁制品除锈抛光方法
CN105297126A (zh) * 2015-10-15 2016-02-03 北京科技大学 一种液相等离子大面积金属材料表面连续处理方法
CN105297126B (zh) * 2015-10-15 2018-02-27 北京科技大学 一种液相等离子大面积金属材料表面连续处理方法
US10400350B1 (en) * 2016-04-20 2019-09-03 IBC Materials & Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for removing paint on metallic components
CN105887176A (zh) * 2016-06-22 2016-08-24 东南大学 一种钢筋的清洗方法

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DE2355865C2 (de) 1983-12-01

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