US3882751A - Electronic musical instrument employing waveshape memories - Google Patents

Electronic musical instrument employing waveshape memories Download PDF

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Publication number
US3882751A
US3882751A US423846A US42384673A US3882751A US 3882751 A US3882751 A US 3882751A US 423846 A US423846 A US 423846A US 42384673 A US42384673 A US 42384673A US 3882751 A US3882751 A US 3882751A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
key
memory
address code
signal
waveshape
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US423846A
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English (en)
Inventor
Norio Tomisawa
Yasuji Uchiyama
Takatoshi Okumura
Toshio Takeda
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nippon Gakki Co Ltd
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Nippon Gakki Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP47125514A external-priority patent/JPS5231730B2/ja
Priority claimed from JP47125513A external-priority patent/JPS5231729B2/ja
Priority claimed from JP47125515A external-priority patent/JPS5231731B2/ja
Priority claimed from JP47125516A external-priority patent/JPS5231732B2/ja
Priority claimed from JP48041964A external-priority patent/JPS5246088B2/ja
Priority claimed from JP48076398A external-priority patent/JPS5246091B2/ja
Priority claimed from JP48076397A external-priority patent/JPS5246090B2/ja
Application filed by Nippon Gakki Co Ltd filed Critical Nippon Gakki Co Ltd
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3882751A publication Critical patent/US3882751A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H7/00—Instruments in which the tones are synthesised from a data store, e.g. computer organs
    • G10H7/02—Instruments in which the tones are synthesised from a data store, e.g. computer organs in which amplitudes at successive sample points of a tone waveform are stored in one or more memories
    • G10H7/04—Instruments in which the tones are synthesised from a data store, e.g. computer organs in which amplitudes at successive sample points of a tone waveform are stored in one or more memories in which amplitudes are read at varying rates, e.g. according to pitch

Definitions

  • the frequency information is thereafter counted cumulatively in a counter to produce a waveshape address code successively changing with time.
  • Music tone waveshape memories are provided for storing waveshapes in time-sampled analog representation. The sampled analog values are successively read out in accordance with the changing waveform address code thereby constructing the waveform.
  • Envelope shapes of the musical tones are stored in timesampled analog representation in envelope memories. Control signals representing depression and release of a key are produced from the key data signal which is produced by the depression and release of the key. A suitable clock pulse is selected by these control signals to read out the envelope shapes.
  • the read out outputs of the envelope memories are applied to the voltage control terminals of the musical tone waveshape memories to determine the instantaneous amplitude thereby causing the musical tone waveshape memories to produce musical tone Waveshapes with desired 'envelopes.
  • the instrument is constructed as a dynamic logic system wherein logical circuits as well as the memories and the counters are used in a time sharing manner.
  • This invention relates to an electronic musical instrument and, more particularly, to an electronic musical instrument capable of simultaneously producing a plurality of musical tones respectively having predetermined envelopes.
  • the electronic musical instrument comprises memories which store musical tone waveshapes in time-sampled analog representation and memories which store, also in timesampled analog representation, envelope signals for the respective musical tones and is adapted to process key data signals corresponding in time relation to the notes of depressed keys and key address codes representing the notes of the depressed keys by utilizing a principle of dynamic logic for reading the waveshapes from these memories.
  • Electronic musical instruments of conventional types employ a plurality of oscillators or frequency dividers for providing sound source signals from their outputs. These sound source signals are supplied to a tone-color circuit through key switches by closing thereof, whereupon desired musical tone signals are obtained.
  • the prior art electronic musical instruments therefore require a large number of oscillators or frequency dividers.
  • the tone-color circuit has an extremely complicated construction. As a result, the musical instrument generally has a complicated and large system for producing required musical tone signals.
  • an envelope of a musical tone signal which determines the shape of the rise portion of the musical tone when a selected key is depressed, the sustain portion of the tone and the fall portion of the tone after the key has been released, is provided by a switching circuit utilizing charging and discharging characteristics of a capacitor.
  • a musical tone signal having a predetermined envelope has been obtained from the output terminal of the switching circuit by applying thereto a signal having a predetermined amplitude and operating a switch provided in the charging and discharging circuit in response to the operation of a key switch.
  • the above described instrument which utilizes charging and discharging characteristics of a capacitor for obtaining a musical tone signal is incapable of producing a complicated envelope of a natural musical tone which, for example, rises abruptly, then falls somewhat rapidly to a certain level and maintains this level for a certain length of time and falls gradually thereafter.
  • the envelope characteristic of the musical tone signal obtained by the above described prior art instrument is at best a rough simulation of that of a natural musical tone.
  • the prior art system is incapable of changing at will the duration of the rise portion of the envelope which is formed immediately after depression of a key (hereinafter referred to as attack”) and that of the fall portion which is formed after releasing of the key (hereinafter referred to as decay").
  • the electronic musical instrument constructed according to this invention uses a principle which is entirely different from the one used in the above described prior art electronic musical instrument.
  • a key data signal is produced upon depression of a key.
  • a key address code corresponding to this key data signal is stored in key address code memories provided with a plurality of channels and a musical tone waveshape is read out at a frequency corresponding to the stored key address code.
  • control signals respectively representing depression and release of the key are produced from the key data signals produced by the depression and the release of the key, and the reading of the envelope memory is controlled by these control signals.
  • a plurality of musical tones respectively having predetermined envelopes can be simultaneously produced by multiplying the envelope shape outputs with the musical tone waveshape outputs.
  • the instrument is constructed as a dynamic logical circuits system wherein the logics, the counters, the memories etc. are used in a time-sharing manner.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing one preferred embodiment of the electronic musical instrument according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 2a through 2d are respectively charts showing clock pulses employed in this embodiment of the electronic musical instrument
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 are circuit diagrams showing a key data signal generating device employed in the embodiment
  • FIG. 5 is a chart showing the correspondence between the key address codes and key switches
  • FIGS. 6A and 6B are graphic diagrams illustrative of relations between first and second key data signals and the opening and closing of break and make contacts;
  • FIGS. 7a and 7b are circuit diagrams showing logical circuits provided for eliminating a chattering effect produced by the key switches
  • FIGS. 8a through 8d are graphic diagrams showing key data signals at respective points in the circuit shown in FIGS. 7a and 7b.
  • FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram showing a detailed logical circuit of a key assigner employed in the embodiment.
  • FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing fraction and integer counters
  • FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram showing one example of a frequency information memory utilizing a (ROM) operated at a low speed;
  • FIGS. 12a through 121' are charts explanatory of states of signals appearing at certain points of the frequency information memory shown in FIG. 11;
  • FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing one example of an envelope counter and a truncate counter employed in the inventive electronic musical instrument
  • FIGS. 14a and 14b are graphic diagrams illustrating the reading of an envelope waveshape from the enve' lope memory
  • FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing one example of a first percussive counter
  • FIG. 16 is a graphic diagram showing a waveshape read from a first percussive memory
  • FIG. 17 is a block diagram showing one example of a second percussive counter
  • FIGS. 18a and 18b are graphic diagrams showing waveshapes read from the second percussive counter
  • FIG. 19 is a block diagram showing one example of a touch response counter
  • FIGS. 20a through 20s are graphic diagrams explanatory of a touch response operation operation of the touch response counter shown in FIG. 19;
  • FIG. 21 is a block diagram showing a clock selector
  • FIGS. 22a through 22e are graphic diagrams showing waveshapes appearing at certain points in the clock selector shown in FIG. 21;
  • FIGS. 23 through 26 are block diagrams respectively showing other embodiments of the electronic musical instrument according to the invention.
  • a keyboard circuit 1 has key switches corresponding to respective keys. Each of the key switches includes a break contact and a make contact.
  • a key data signal generator 2 comprises a key address code generator which produces key address codes indicative of the notes corresponding to the respective keys successively and repeatedly.
  • the key data signal generator 2 also comprises a first key data signal generating unit 2a which produces a first key data signal when the break contact of a key switch corresponding to a depressed key is opened and a key address code corresponding to the depressed key is produced.
  • the key data signal generator 2 further comprises a second key data signal generating unit 2b which produces a second key data signal when the make contact of the key switch is closed and the key address code corresponding to the depressed key is produced.
  • the first and second key data signals are applied to a key assigner 3.
  • the key assigner 3 comprises a key address code generator which operates in synchronization with the above described key address code generator, a key address code memory which is capable of storing key address codes up to the same number as a maximum number of musical tones' to be simultaneously reproduced (e.g.
  • a logical circuit which, upon receipt of the first key data signal, applies this first key data signal to the key address code memory for causing it to store the corresponding key address code on the condition that this particular key address code has not been stored in any channel of the memory yet and that one of the channels of the memory is available for storing this key address code, and a logical circuit which generates, upon receipt of the first and second key data signals, a tone response signal TRS, an attack start signal ES, a

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)
US423846A 1972-12-14 1973-12-11 Electronic musical instrument employing waveshape memories Expired - Lifetime US3882751A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP47125514A JPS5231730B2 (de) 1972-12-14 1972-12-14
JP47125513A JPS5231729B2 (de) 1972-12-14 1972-12-14
JP47125515A JPS5231731B2 (de) 1972-12-14 1972-12-14
JP47125516A JPS5231732B2 (de) 1972-12-14 1972-12-14
JP48041964A JPS5246088B2 (de) 1973-04-13 1973-04-13
JP48076398A JPS5246091B2 (de) 1973-07-06 1973-07-06
JP48076397A JPS5246090B2 (de) 1973-07-06 1973-07-06

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3882751A true US3882751A (en) 1975-05-13

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Family Applications (1)

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US423846A Expired - Lifetime US3882751A (en) 1972-12-14 1973-12-11 Electronic musical instrument employing waveshape memories

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US3882751A (de)
AU (1) AU472638B2 (de)
CA (1) CA985536A (de)
DE (1) DE2362037C3 (de)
GB (1) GB1440488A (de)
IT (1) IT1000838B (de)
NL (1) NL168978C (de)

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US3951030A (en) * 1974-09-26 1976-04-20 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Implementation of delayed vibrato in a computor organ
US3959604A (en) * 1975-04-07 1976-05-25 International Business Machines Corporation Digital calling signal tone generating circuitry
US3978755A (en) * 1974-04-23 1976-09-07 Allen Organ Company Frequency separator for digital musical instrument chorus effect
US3979996A (en) * 1974-05-31 1976-09-14 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Electronic musical instrument
US3979989A (en) * 1974-05-31 1976-09-14 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Electronic musical instrument
US3982460A (en) * 1974-09-17 1976-09-28 Kabushiki Kaisha Kawai Gakki Seisakusho Musical-tone-waveform forming apparatus for an electronic musical instrument
DE2637063A1 (de) * 1975-08-20 1977-03-10 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Kanalprocessor
US4014238A (en) * 1974-08-13 1977-03-29 C.G. Conn, Ltd. Tone signal waveform control network for musical instrument keying system
DE2641432A1 (de) * 1975-09-17 1977-03-31 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Digital arbeitendes elektronisches musikinstrument
DE2643571A1 (de) * 1975-09-29 1977-04-21 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Elektronisches musikinstrument
US4022097A (en) * 1974-07-15 1977-05-10 Strangio Christopher E Computer-aided musical apparatus and method
US4022098A (en) * 1975-10-06 1977-05-10 Ralph Deutsch Keyboard switch detect and assignor
US4031786A (en) * 1975-08-11 1977-06-28 Warwick Electronics Inc. Tone selector circuit with multiplexed tone data transfer
US4033219A (en) * 1975-02-27 1977-07-05 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Touch responsive control system for a keyboard electronic musical instrument
US4033221A (en) * 1974-08-12 1977-07-05 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Key switch system
US4036096A (en) * 1974-07-11 1977-07-19 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Musical tone waveshape generator
US4041826A (en) * 1974-08-07 1977-08-16 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Electronic musical instrument
US4067253A (en) * 1976-04-02 1978-01-10 The Wurlitzer Company Electronic tone-generating system
US4082027A (en) * 1975-04-23 1978-04-04 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Electronics musical instrument
US4083285A (en) * 1974-09-27 1978-04-11 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Electronic musical instrument
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DE2808286A1 (de) 1977-02-26 1978-11-16 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Nummerisches elektronisches musikinstrument
DE2828919A1 (de) * 1977-07-01 1979-01-04 Christian Deforeit Polyphone syntheseschaltung fuer periodische signale und damit ausgestattetes elektronisches musikinstrument
US4133242A (en) * 1976-03-05 1979-01-09 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Waveshape memory type electronic musical instrument
US4134320A (en) * 1974-08-19 1979-01-16 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Key assigner for use in electronic musical instrument
DE2824984A1 (de) * 1977-06-08 1979-01-25 Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg Einzeltasten-vorrangwaehlvorrichtung fuer ein elektronisches musikinstrument
US4140039A (en) * 1976-04-12 1979-02-20 Faulkner Alfred H Hand held synthesizer
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FR2423837A1 (fr) * 1978-03-14 1979-11-16 Casio Computer Co Ltd Systeme de selection du type d'instrument de musique dans un instrument de musique electronique
US4176577A (en) * 1976-10-30 1979-12-04 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Electronic musical instrument of waveshape memory reading type
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Cited By (77)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3978755A (en) * 1974-04-23 1976-09-07 Allen Organ Company Frequency separator for digital musical instrument chorus effect
US3979996A (en) * 1974-05-31 1976-09-14 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Electronic musical instrument
US3979989A (en) * 1974-05-31 1976-09-14 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Electronic musical instrument
US4036096A (en) * 1974-07-11 1977-07-19 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Musical tone waveshape generator
US4022097A (en) * 1974-07-15 1977-05-10 Strangio Christopher E Computer-aided musical apparatus and method
US4041826A (en) * 1974-08-07 1977-08-16 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Electronic musical instrument
US4033221A (en) * 1974-08-12 1977-07-05 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Key switch system
US4014238A (en) * 1974-08-13 1977-03-29 C.G. Conn, Ltd. Tone signal waveform control network for musical instrument keying system
US4134320A (en) * 1974-08-19 1979-01-16 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Key assigner for use in electronic musical instrument
US3982460A (en) * 1974-09-17 1976-09-28 Kabushiki Kaisha Kawai Gakki Seisakusho Musical-tone-waveform forming apparatus for an electronic musical instrument
US3951030A (en) * 1974-09-26 1976-04-20 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Implementation of delayed vibrato in a computor organ
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU6355073A (en) 1975-06-12
AU472638B2 (en) 1976-05-27
DE2362037B2 (de) 1980-06-04
NL7317156A (de) 1974-06-18
NL168978B (nl) 1981-12-16
DE2362037A1 (de) 1974-06-27
DE2362037C3 (de) 1984-08-16
IT1000838B (it) 1976-04-10
GB1440488A (en) 1976-06-23
NL168978C (nl) 1982-05-17
CA985536A (en) 1976-03-16

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