US3858583A - Medicament inhalation device - Google Patents

Medicament inhalation device Download PDF

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Publication number
US3858583A
US3858583A US436993A US43699374A US3858583A US 3858583 A US3858583 A US 3858583A US 436993 A US436993 A US 436993A US 43699374 A US43699374 A US 43699374A US 3858583 A US3858583 A US 3858583A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
capsule
rotor
chamber
mouthpiece
air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US436993A
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English (en)
Inventor
Gerald Wynn Hallworth
Sidney William Smith
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Allen and Hanburys Ltd
Original Assignee
Allen and Hanburys Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Allen and Hanburys Ltd filed Critical Allen and Hanburys Ltd
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3858583A publication Critical patent/US3858583A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M15/00—Inhalators
    • A61M15/0028—Inhalators using prepacked dosages, one for each application, e.g. capsules to be perforated or broken-up
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M15/00—Inhalators
    • A61M15/0001—Details of inhalators; Constructional features thereof
    • A61M15/0005—Details of inhalators; Constructional features thereof with means for agitating the medicament
    • A61M15/0006—Details of inhalators; Constructional features thereof with means for agitating the medicament using rotating means
    • A61M15/0008—Details of inhalators; Constructional features thereof with means for agitating the medicament using rotating means rotating by airflow
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M15/00—Inhalators
    • A61M15/0028—Inhalators using prepacked dosages, one for each application, e.g. capsules to be perforated or broken-up
    • A61M15/003—Inhalators using prepacked dosages, one for each application, e.g. capsules to be perforated or broken-up using capsules, e.g. to be perforated or broken-up
    • A61M15/0033—Details of the piercing or cutting means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2202/00—Special media to be introduced, removed or treated
    • A61M2202/06—Solids
    • A61M2202/064—Powder

Definitions

  • One or more air inlet apertures open into the chamber around the rotor.
  • a mouthpiece communicates with the chamber and airfrom the chamber can be inhaled through this mouthpiece.
  • a capsuleretaining pocket is arranged to receive .a pierced capsule and opens into the chamber. Inhalation of air through the mouthpiece will rotate the rotor, vibrate the capsule, draw medicament from the medicament containing capsule through the chamber and out through the mouthpiece.
  • an inhalation device comprises a body with a dispersion chamber therein, a rotor which is rotatable in the chamber by passage of air therethrough, one or more air inlet apertures in the body, the said apertures opening into the chamber around the rotor, a mouthpiece through which air from the chamber can be inhaled, and a capsule retaining pocket arranged to receive a pierced capsule and opening into the chamber whereby inhalation of air through the mouthpiece will draw medicament from the capsule, through the chamber and out through the mouthpiece and will at the same time rotate the rotor.
  • the rotor is arranged to brush the end of a capsule in the capsule-retaining pocket as the rotor rotates. This causes the capsule to vibrate. Such vibration of the capsule makes it possible to empty capsules containing cohesive powders and to dispense them satisfactorily, but is not necessary with capsules charged with easily dispersible powders.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of an inhalation device according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is an end elevation
  • FIG. 3 is an elevation of the opposite end
  • FIG. 4 is a transverse section on line X-X of FIG. 1, and
  • FIG. 5 is a detail view of a rotor
  • an inhalation device comprises a cylindrical body 1 with a cylindrical dispersion chamber 2 therein.
  • the chamber 2 is closed at one end by an end wall 3 and a mouthpiece 4 is fitted to the body at the other end of the chamber.
  • a rotor 5 is arranged inside the dispersion chamber 2.
  • This rotor 5 is a free-running multi-bladed wheel mounted on a central spindle 6 running axially of the cylindrical chamber.
  • the rotor illustrated has two blades extending radially outwards from the central spindle sleeve 7. Any number of blades can be used, though two to four blades are preferred.
  • the blades can be set at any desired angle and/or can be curved.
  • the rotor must be light in weight and is. for example. of plastics material.
  • the spindle sleeve 7 must he a close fit on the spindle 6 and the rotor is rotatable about the spindle.
  • One end of the spindle 6 is mounted in a cross-bar 8 extending across the mouthpiece 4.
  • the rotor islocated at the opposite end by means of an end stop plug 9 which is firmly fixed in the spindle sleeve 7.
  • a pointed end of the spindle 6 bears against the internal end of the plug 9. This arrangement prevents axial displacement of the rotor 5. Powder cannot enter the spindle sleeve 7.
  • One or more air inlet apertures 10 extend through the cylindrical body 1 and open into the dispersion chamber 2. These apertures 10 are in the form of slots which run lengthwise of the body' and are disposed at an angle which is conveniently tangential to the rotor.
  • the body is also provided with a capsule-retaining pocket 11.
  • This pocket 11 is arranged at or near the closed end 3 of the dispersion chamber and has an opening leading into a recess 12 in the end wall 3 of the dispersion chamber.
  • the pocket is arranged to receive a hard gelatine capsule 13 containing a powdered medicament.
  • the rotor 5 is so positioned with respect to its spindle 6 and the end wall 3 that it brushes lightly against the end of the capsule l3 protruding from the recess 12.
  • the rotation of the rotor therefore causes the capsule 13 to vibrate and this assists in the emptying of cohesive powders from the capsule and the dispersion of such powders. If the device is intended for use with only capsules containing easily dispensible powders it is not necessary to arrange for the rotor to brush the capsules.
  • the body is provided at one end with a piercing needle 14 for piercing the ends of the capsule 13.
  • This needle 14 is located in a capsule piercing pocket 15 in the end wall 3 of'the body.
  • the capsule 15 can then be inserted into the pocket 15 and pressed against the pointed end of the needle 14, to pierce the capsule and can then be placed in the capsule-retaining pocket 11.
  • a stirrup securing means is hingedly mounted on the body 1 and can, as shown in FIG. 1 be swung to and from a position in which it extends across the open end of the capsule and retaining pocket 11 to secure and prevent egress of the capsule.
  • powder dispersion is improved by providing one of the blades of the rotor with a cut away 17 to provide unbalance and vibration to the rotor.
  • the end of the rotor which brushes against the capsule is preferably provided with a bevel 18.
  • the device is, except for the spindle 6 and needle 14 made of plastics material, preferably one which has a high resistance to the build up of static electricity.
  • a capsule 13 is pierced at both ends by means of needle 14 and is then fitted in the pocket 11.
  • the patient then applies the mouthpiece 4 to the mouth and draws in air through the mouthpiece.
  • the greater part of the inhaled air will enter the chamber through the tangential slots 10 and this will cause the rotor 5 to rotate rapidly.
  • a portion of the inhaled air is drawn into the chamber 2 through the capsule 13 and this causes the rapid emptying of the powdered medicament into the dispersion chamber 2.
  • the rotation of the rotor S and the turbulent air flow within the dispersion chamber 2 will cause the efficient dispersion of the powdered medicament into the air being inhaled by the patient.
  • the resistance to air flow can be low, for example at 2.5 cm.
  • a medicament inhalation device comprising a body with a dispersion chamber therein, a rotor mounted in one end of said chamber and which is rotatable in the chamber by passage of air there through, at least one air inlet aperture in the body, the said apertures opening into the chamber around the rotor, a mouthpiece on one end of the body through which air from the chamber can be inhaled, and a capsuleretaining pocket in and adjacent the other end of said body and in proximinity to said rotors other end to receive a pierced medicament containing capsule and opening into the chamber, a means for providing vibration and passage of medicament from said capsule comprising a capsule contacting means on the other end of said rotor whereby inhalation of air through the mouthpiece will turn said rotor to vibrate and draw medicament from the capsule through the chamber and out through the mouthpiece into the patient.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
  • Percussion Or Vibration Massage (AREA)
  • Medical Preparation Storing Or Oral Administration Devices (AREA)
  • Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
US436993A 1973-02-26 1974-01-28 Medicament inhalation device Expired - Lifetime US3858583A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB924673A GB1459426A (en) 1973-02-26 1973-02-26 Inhalation devices

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3858583A true US3858583A (en) 1975-01-07

Family

ID=9868256

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US436993A Expired - Lifetime US3858583A (en) 1973-02-26 1974-01-28 Medicament inhalation device

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US3858583A (fr)
JP (1) JPS5750505B2 (fr)
BE (1) BE811566A (fr)
CA (1) CA1048884A (fr)
CH (1) CH563168A5 (fr)
DE (1) DE2408791C2 (fr)
FR (1) FR2218905B1 (fr)
GB (1) GB1459426A (fr)
IT (1) IT1008929B (fr)
NL (1) NL173822C (fr)
ZA (1) ZA74553B (fr)

Cited By (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3938516A (en) * 1975-01-13 1976-02-17 Syntex Puerto Rico, Inc. Inhalation device
US3964483A (en) * 1975-01-13 1976-06-22 Syntex Puerto Rico, Inc. Inhalation device
US3973566A (en) * 1975-01-13 1976-08-10 Syntex Puerto Rico Inc. Inhalation device
US4005711A (en) * 1975-01-13 1977-02-01 Syntex Puerto Rico, Inc. Inhalation device
US4014336A (en) * 1975-01-13 1977-03-29 Syntex Puerto Rico, Inc. Inhalation device
US4192309A (en) * 1978-09-05 1980-03-11 Syntex Puerto Rico, Inc. Inhalation device with capsule opener
US4620847A (en) * 1984-06-01 1986-11-04 Vsesojuzny Nauchno-Issledovatelsky Institut Meditsinskikh Polimerov Device for administering powdered substances
US4645487A (en) * 1984-06-05 1987-02-24 Vsesojuzny Nauchno-Issledovatelsky Institut Meditsinskikh Polimerov Device for administering powdered substances
US4860740A (en) * 1980-10-30 1989-08-29 Riker Laboratories, Inc. Powder inhalation device
US5161524A (en) * 1991-08-02 1992-11-10 Glaxo Inc. Dosage inhalator with air flow velocity regulating means
US5372128A (en) * 1993-04-14 1994-12-13 Habley Medical Technology Corporation Fluidizing powder inhaler
US5388573A (en) * 1993-12-02 1995-02-14 Tenax Corporation Dry powder inhalator medicament carrier
US5388572A (en) * 1993-10-26 1995-02-14 Tenax Corporation (A Connecticut Corp.) Dry powder medicament inhalator having an inhalation-activated piston to aerosolize dose and deliver same
US5460173A (en) * 1993-03-03 1995-10-24 Tenax Corporation Dry powder inhaler medicament carrier
WO1998041264A1 (fr) * 1997-03-14 1998-09-24 Astra Aktiebolag (Publ) Dispositif d'inhalation
US6098618A (en) * 1997-03-14 2000-08-08 Astra Aktiebolag Inhalation device
EP1293225A2 (fr) * 2001-09-14 2003-03-19 Omron Corporation Inhalateur à poudre sèche
US6655380B1 (en) 1997-03-14 2003-12-02 Astrazeneca Ab Inhalation device
WO2006033584A1 (fr) * 2004-09-23 2006-03-30 Glaxosmithkline Pharmaceuticals S.A. Inhalateur de poudre
WO2006075184A1 (fr) * 2005-01-14 2006-07-20 Britannia Pharmaceuticals Limited Appareil et procedes pour administrer un medicament en poudre seche pour inhalation
US20070151560A1 (en) * 2003-06-12 2007-07-05 Robert Price Delivery device for a powder aerosol
US20070209661A1 (en) * 2006-03-03 2007-09-13 Hugh Smyth Dry powder inhaler with aeroelastic dispersion mechanism
US20090095294A1 (en) * 2006-03-03 2009-04-16 Smyth Hugh C Dry powder inhaler with aeroelastic dispersion mechanism
US8561609B2 (en) 2010-12-07 2013-10-22 Respira Therapeutics, Inc. Dry powder inhaler
US9492625B2 (en) 2009-11-12 2016-11-15 Stc.Unm Dry powder inhaler with flutter dispersion member
EP3138600A1 (fr) * 2015-09-04 2017-03-08 Victor Esteve Inhalateur de poudre sèche
EP1399105B2 (fr) † 2001-06-13 2018-09-05 Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co.KG Procede pour nettoyer des capsules de gelatine dure
CN110142222A (zh) * 2019-05-21 2019-08-20 倪立源 一种制药生产线用空壳胶囊排除装置
US10441733B2 (en) 2012-06-25 2019-10-15 Respira Therapeutics, Inc. Powder dispersion devices and methods
US11471623B2 (en) 2012-02-21 2022-10-18 Respira Therapeutics, Inc. Powder dispersion methods and devices

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IE46865B1 (en) * 1977-04-29 1983-10-19 Allen & Hanburys Ltd Device for dispensing medicaments
DE3050005A1 (de) * 1979-10-30 1982-03-18 Riker Laboratories Inc Breath actuated devices for administering powdered medicaments
JPS6393440U (fr) * 1986-12-08 1988-06-16
WO1993011817A1 (fr) * 1991-12-16 1993-06-24 The University Of Melbourne Ameliorations relatives a l'administration de composes en aerosol
US6470884B2 (en) 1996-01-29 2002-10-29 Aventis Pharma Limited Capsule opening arrangement for use in a powder inhaler
JP3530004B2 (ja) * 1998-02-06 2004-05-24 株式会社日立ユニシアオートモティブ 吸入式投薬器
US9345848B2 (en) 2009-10-20 2016-05-24 Sima Patent Ve Lisanslama Hizmetleri Ltd. Sti. Dry powder inhaler
EP2558149A1 (fr) * 2010-04-13 2013-02-20 Mahmut Bilgic Bouton d'embout buccal pour inhalateur à poudre sèche
US9849255B2 (en) 2011-11-25 2017-12-26 Mahmut Bilgic Inhalation device
USD744087S1 (en) 2013-10-01 2015-11-24 Mahmut Bilgic Dry powder inhaler
CN109592355B (zh) * 2018-11-28 2020-09-11 新沂市锡沂高新材料产业技术研究院有限公司 一种插轴设备
CN110420859B (zh) * 2019-09-04 2020-07-31 江西阳光安全设备集团有限公司 一种智能分拣装置

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2517482A (en) * 1949-04-09 1950-08-01 Sharp & Dohme Inc Inhaler
US3507277A (en) * 1966-09-17 1970-04-21 Fisons Pharmaceuticals Ltd Inhalation device
US3635219A (en) * 1968-06-07 1972-01-18 Fisons Pharmaceuticals Ltd Inhalation device
US3669113A (en) * 1966-03-07 1972-06-13 Fisons Ltd Inhalation device
US3807400A (en) * 1971-07-17 1974-04-30 Isf Spa Inhaling device for medicinal powder compositions

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1301856A (en) * 1965-03-19 1973-01-04 Fisons Pharmaceuticals Ltd Dispensing device
GB1122284A (en) * 1965-03-19 1968-08-07 Fisons Pharmaceuticals Ltd Inhalation device

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2517482A (en) * 1949-04-09 1950-08-01 Sharp & Dohme Inc Inhaler
US3669113A (en) * 1966-03-07 1972-06-13 Fisons Ltd Inhalation device
US3507277A (en) * 1966-09-17 1970-04-21 Fisons Pharmaceuticals Ltd Inhalation device
US3635219A (en) * 1968-06-07 1972-01-18 Fisons Pharmaceuticals Ltd Inhalation device
US3807400A (en) * 1971-07-17 1974-04-30 Isf Spa Inhaling device for medicinal powder compositions

Cited By (42)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3964483A (en) * 1975-01-13 1976-06-22 Syntex Puerto Rico, Inc. Inhalation device
US3973566A (en) * 1975-01-13 1976-08-10 Syntex Puerto Rico Inc. Inhalation device
US4005711A (en) * 1975-01-13 1977-02-01 Syntex Puerto Rico, Inc. Inhalation device
US4014336A (en) * 1975-01-13 1977-03-29 Syntex Puerto Rico, Inc. Inhalation device
US3938516A (en) * 1975-01-13 1976-02-17 Syntex Puerto Rico, Inc. Inhalation device
US4192309A (en) * 1978-09-05 1980-03-11 Syntex Puerto Rico, Inc. Inhalation device with capsule opener
US4860740A (en) * 1980-10-30 1989-08-29 Riker Laboratories, Inc. Powder inhalation device
US4620847A (en) * 1984-06-01 1986-11-04 Vsesojuzny Nauchno-Issledovatelsky Institut Meditsinskikh Polimerov Device for administering powdered substances
US4645487A (en) * 1984-06-05 1987-02-24 Vsesojuzny Nauchno-Issledovatelsky Institut Meditsinskikh Polimerov Device for administering powdered substances
US5161524A (en) * 1991-08-02 1992-11-10 Glaxo Inc. Dosage inhalator with air flow velocity regulating means
US5460173A (en) * 1993-03-03 1995-10-24 Tenax Corporation Dry powder inhaler medicament carrier
US5372128A (en) * 1993-04-14 1994-12-13 Habley Medical Technology Corporation Fluidizing powder inhaler
US5388572A (en) * 1993-10-26 1995-02-14 Tenax Corporation (A Connecticut Corp.) Dry powder medicament inhalator having an inhalation-activated piston to aerosolize dose and deliver same
US5388573A (en) * 1993-12-02 1995-02-14 Tenax Corporation Dry powder inhalator medicament carrier
US20040065325A1 (en) * 1997-03-14 2004-04-08 Astrazeneca Ab, A Swedish Corporaion Inhalation device
US20080092886A1 (en) * 1997-03-14 2008-04-24 Astrazeneca Ab, A Sodertalje Sweden Corporation Inhalation device
US6257232B1 (en) 1997-03-14 2001-07-10 Astra Akteibolag Inhalation device
US7841340B2 (en) * 1997-03-14 2010-11-30 Astrazeneca Ab Inhaler with powder dislodging member
US7779836B2 (en) 1997-03-14 2010-08-24 Astrazeneca Ab Inhalation device
US6655380B1 (en) 1997-03-14 2003-12-02 Astrazeneca Ab Inhalation device
WO1998041264A1 (fr) * 1997-03-14 1998-09-24 Astra Aktiebolag (Publ) Dispositif d'inhalation
US20050194008A1 (en) * 1997-03-14 2005-09-08 Astrazeneca Ab, A Swedish Corporation Inhalation device
US6098618A (en) * 1997-03-14 2000-08-08 Astra Aktiebolag Inhalation device
US7228860B2 (en) * 1997-03-14 2007-06-12 Astrazeneca Ab Inhaler with vibrational powder dislodgement
EP1399105B2 (fr) † 2001-06-13 2018-09-05 Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co.KG Procede pour nettoyer des capsules de gelatine dure
EP1293225A2 (fr) * 2001-09-14 2003-03-19 Omron Corporation Inhalateur à poudre sèche
EP1293225A3 (fr) * 2001-09-14 2003-08-20 Omron Corporation Inhalateur à poudre sèche
US20070151560A1 (en) * 2003-06-12 2007-07-05 Robert Price Delivery device for a powder aerosol
WO2006033584A1 (fr) * 2004-09-23 2006-03-30 Glaxosmithkline Pharmaceuticals S.A. Inhalateur de poudre
US20080196717A1 (en) * 2004-09-23 2008-08-21 Glaxosmithkline Pharmaceuticals S.A. Powder Inhaler
WO2006075184A1 (fr) * 2005-01-14 2006-07-20 Britannia Pharmaceuticals Limited Appareil et procedes pour administrer un medicament en poudre seche pour inhalation
US8127763B2 (en) 2006-03-03 2012-03-06 Stc.Unm Dry powder inhaler with aeroelastic dispersion mechanism
US20090095294A1 (en) * 2006-03-03 2009-04-16 Smyth Hugh C Dry powder inhaler with aeroelastic dispersion mechanism
US20070209661A1 (en) * 2006-03-03 2007-09-13 Hugh Smyth Dry powder inhaler with aeroelastic dispersion mechanism
US9492625B2 (en) 2009-11-12 2016-11-15 Stc.Unm Dry powder inhaler with flutter dispersion member
US8561609B2 (en) 2010-12-07 2013-10-22 Respira Therapeutics, Inc. Dry powder inhaler
US8651104B2 (en) 2010-12-07 2014-02-18 Respira Therapeutics, Inc. Bead-containing dry powder inhaler
US11471623B2 (en) 2012-02-21 2022-10-18 Respira Therapeutics, Inc. Powder dispersion methods and devices
US10441733B2 (en) 2012-06-25 2019-10-15 Respira Therapeutics, Inc. Powder dispersion devices and methods
EP3138600A1 (fr) * 2015-09-04 2017-03-08 Victor Esteve Inhalateur de poudre sèche
CN110142222A (zh) * 2019-05-21 2019-08-20 倪立源 一种制药生产线用空壳胶囊排除装置
CN110142222B (zh) * 2019-05-21 2021-02-02 杨洲 一种制药生产线用空壳胶囊排除装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5750505B2 (fr) 1982-10-27
NL7402230A (fr) 1974-08-28
GB1459426A (en) 1976-12-22
JPS5025092A (fr) 1975-03-17
DE2408791C2 (de) 1983-02-03
FR2218905A1 (fr) 1974-09-20
DE2408791A1 (de) 1974-09-05
CA1048884A (fr) 1979-02-20
IT1008929B (it) 1976-11-30
ZA74553B (en) 1974-11-27
BE811566A (fr) 1974-08-26
FR2218905B1 (fr) 1980-08-01
CH563168A5 (fr) 1975-06-30
NL173822C (nl) 1984-03-16
AU6539674A (en) 1975-08-14

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