US3858400A - Method of tunnel boring and tunnel reinforcement mats - Google Patents

Method of tunnel boring and tunnel reinforcement mats Download PDF

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Publication number
US3858400A
US3858400A US293850A US29385072A US3858400A US 3858400 A US3858400 A US 3858400A US 293850 A US293850 A US 293850A US 29385072 A US29385072 A US 29385072A US 3858400 A US3858400 A US 3858400A
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United States
Prior art keywords
tunnel
mats
rods
angle irons
angle
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Expired - Lifetime
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US293850A
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English (en)
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Jean Bernold
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Individual
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Individual
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
    • E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
    • E21D11/107—Reinforcing elements therefor; Holders for the reinforcing elements

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Reinforcements mats for tunnel boring are prepared in the form of grid structures of crossing reinforcement rods and additional reinforcing profile members, typically angles with their apices facing transverse to the tunnel axis and welded to the reinforcement rods; the mats are shaped to fix approximately the tunnel outlined and located adjacent each other as the tunnel boring machine bores the tunnel; concrete is then sprayed against the mats, between the tunnel walls and the mats and covering the mats.
  • terminal ends of reinforcement rods are left free to slide against and adjacent rods of a preceding mat; the angles may be located to slide within each other.
  • the present invention relates to tunnel boring, and more particularly to a method, and structure to cover the tunnel walls as a tunnel is being bored by a boring machine.
  • the reinforcement mats are made of gridshape, crossing round rods or bars which have only relatively small stiffness so that they do not substantially reinforce the tunnel wall against static pressure without being covered by concrete.
  • the relatively thick and strong reinforcing arches, placed at intervals, have the disadvantage that they interrupt the layer of sprayed concrete so that they are a source of cracks. They also decrease the overall useful diameter of the tunnel sufficiently to interfere with free movement of a tunnel boring machine, and retraction of the tunnel boring machine through the previously placed reinforcement arches.
  • method and the device should permit ready application of sprayed concrete.
  • reinforcement mats are shaped at the approximate outline of the tunnel being bored, and the shaped reinforcement mats are located adjacent each other as the tunnel boring machine proceeds. Thereafter, the concrete is sprayed against the mats, between the mats, and the tunnel wall. The reinforcement mats are rein forced in the circumferential direction to accept surrounding pressure of the earth through which the tunnel is being bored. Adjacent mats are interconnected.
  • the mats in accordance with an embodiment of the invention, preferably include grid-shaped structures which have reinforcements in the form of profile shapes, preferably angle irons having their apices directed transverse to the tunnel axis and welded to crossing reinforcement rods.
  • the terminal ends of the reinforcement rods extending transverse to the reinforcing angles are left free so that the mats can be slid against each other, axially or transversely with respect to the tunnel, and adjacent angles snapped or slid into each other to provide for overlap of the mats and thus for a complete structural unity permitting easy splicing together of the mats and secure holding of surrounding rocks or other structure for subsequent application by sprayed concrete.
  • FIG. 1 is a top view of a reinforced tunnel wall mat
  • FIG. 2 is a fragmentary enlarged cross section of a tunnel wall mat located adjacent the side of a tunnel wall and having sprayed concrete applied thereto;
  • FIG. 3 is a fragmentary cross section, in circumferential direction with respect to the tunnel, illustrating an intermediate position of ends of a pair of mats being slid against each other;
  • FIG. 4 is a cross sectional view along line lVlV of FIG. 3.
  • Separate mat structures 1 are interconnected along the circumference of the tunnel, as the tunnel is driven forward by a boring machine. Each time, when the boring machine has progressed by a predetermined distance, corresponding roughly to the length of a mat, mats can be joined together.
  • the mats are customary reinforcement-type mats 2 formed of round rods 3, 4, crossing each other in grid-like manner.
  • a plurality of angle irons 5 are secured to the mats on one side.
  • the two legs 6, 7 (FIG. 4) of the angle irons face outwardly, so that the apex 8 of any angle iron can be connected with the mats 2, preferably by welding, to provide a secure interconnection.
  • the mats Before being secured together, the mats are fitted approximately to the radius, or outlined shape of the tunnel wall, or portions thereof, so that the angle irons 5 are on the outside of the mats and, as seen in FIG. 2, fit approximately against the tunnel wall 9.
  • the angles not only contribute to stiffening and reinforcing the mats, but additionally provides for spacers from the rock or other wall, so that a greater thickness of concrete 10 can be sprayed against the mats and to surround the reinforcing rods.
  • Securing the angle iron 5 along its apex 8 to mat 2 has the advantage that the leg 6, 7 facing the tunnel wall reduce splashing and back-splash and spray of the cement as it is being sprayed against the tunnel wall.
  • the thickness of the cement layer can further be increased by utilizing the known wet spray method, using a lower spraying pressure.
  • the mat 2 is thus additionally reinforced by the angle iron 5 so that the mat will have a sufficient stiffness to provide a preliminary holding structure to be placed immediately behind the cutter heads as the cutter heads proceed into the rock.
  • the mats 1 can be connected in circumferential direction of the tunnel by overlapping their ends, as best seen in FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • the rods 11 and 12, or 13 and 14, and extending longitudinally of the tunnel axis and adjacent the ends of the mats are so welded to the angle 5 so that the edges, or ends of two mats, as seen in FIG. 3, can be pushed against each other in the direction of arrow 15.
  • Mat 2 is lifted at its edge off the angle 5 and pushed adjacent the other mats until it meets the first rod 16 welded to an angle 5. The angles will then interengage (see FIG. 4) and slide against each other. Thereafter, the overlapping portions of a pair of adjacent mats can be secured together for example by means of tie wires 17, clamps, connecting bolts, pins, welding in place, or any other suitable interconnection method.
  • the distance between the angles 5 on the reinforcement mat 2 has to be matched to the pressure of the mountain, or rock through which the tunnel is being bored. In any event, the overall mat, as reinforced, is still sufficiently light and ready to handle, so that separate reinforcing arches to secure the tunnel wall will no longer be necessary. Utilizing a sufficient number of angle iron provides high reinforcing strength for the concrete layer subsequently applied thereof.
  • the angles 5 provide a free clear space in the direction to the tunnel wall, which may be utilized as a connecting space to collect and draw off water.
  • drainage tubes 18 of perforated plastic material, or the like may be placed in the angle included by the angle irons see FIG. 2 which will then fit against the wall of the rock. The water thus collected can be connected from the tubes 18 to a common sump line close to the floor of the tunnel.
  • the mats just behind the tunnel boring head can be facilitated by movable accessories or do]- lies which guide the mats and hold them against the tunnel walls and press them thereagainst before they are connected to the tunnel wall if necessary by means of bolts, anchors or the like.
  • the mats need not, however, be secured to the tunnel wall if they are placed over the circumference of the tunnel and bear on the tunnel floor, or if they are placed entirely around the tunnel since, in such types of tunnels, the mats are sufficiently held together by their interconnection between themselves.
  • angles of about-68 cm For boring tunnels, for example in the Alps, spacing of angles of about-68 cm has been found useful; the angles themselves may be ordinary 2.5 cm angles, of structural steel, that is, angles whose legs are about 2% cm long.
  • the method of securing the tunnel walls comprising providing reinforced tunnel wall mats having gridlike interconnected rods and reinforcing angle irons the rods extending in one direction and the angle irons transverse thereto and being secured to the angle irons at the apices thereof, and wherein the terminal ends of the angle irons (5) are left free from crossing rods and the other rods extend to the vicinity of the terminal ends of the angle irons;
  • Method according to claim 1 further comprising locating the rods longitudinally and circumferentially of the tunnels to extend in two transverse direction;
  • Method according to claim 1 further comprising fitting the first angle iron of a mat into the last angle iron of a preceding mat so that the angle irons will fit into each others;
  • Method according to claim 3 including the step of engaging the terminal ends of rods of thus adjacently located, interfitted mats.
  • Method according to claim 3 including the step of tying together the interfitting angle irons and the rod.
  • Tunnel reinforcement structure to reinforce tunnel walls being bored by a tunnel boring machine comprismg a plurality. of angle irons (5) having terminal end portions the angle irons being shaped and bent to approximately fit the tunnel wall about at least a portion thereof and adapted to be located transversely to the tunnel axis;
  • terminal ends of the angle irons are left free from crossing rods and the other rods extend to the vicinity of the terminal ends of the angle irons to permit interfitting of an angle iron of a next adjacent mat with the end of the angle member free from the rods to thereby permit interconnection of adjacent mats by an interengaging, interlocking fit of angle irons fitting within each other.
  • Tunnel reinforcement structure assembly comprising a plurality of tunnel reinforcement mat structures according to claim 6, wherein the free terminal ends of the angle irons of one structure are fitted into the angle irons of a next adjacent structure, the rod (16) first welded to the free terminal ends of the angle irons forming a stop for the angle irons of the next adja- CCI'II mat structure.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
US293850A 1971-09-29 1972-09-26 Method of tunnel boring and tunnel reinforcement mats Expired - Lifetime US3858400A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1412471A CH541677A (de) 1971-09-29 1971-09-29 Verfahren zur Sicherung der Wand beim Tunnelfräsen

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3858400A true US3858400A (en) 1975-01-07

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ID=4398192

Family Applications (1)

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US293850A Expired - Lifetime US3858400A (en) 1971-09-29 1972-09-26 Method of tunnel boring and tunnel reinforcement mats

Country Status (13)

Country Link
US (1) US3858400A (de)
JP (1) JPS4841529A (de)
AR (1) AR203260A1 (de)
AT (1) AT330830B (de)
BR (1) BR7206696D0 (de)
CA (1) CA964477A (de)
CH (1) CH541677A (de)
DE (1) DE2241697A1 (de)
ES (1) ES407034A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2154487B1 (de)
GB (1) GB1396770A (de)
IT (1) IT964227B (de)
ZA (1) ZA726492B (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5678957A (en) * 1995-01-25 1997-10-21 Lipsker; Yitshaq Method for underground excavation
US6193439B1 (en) * 1996-01-08 2001-02-27 Mbt Holding Ag Process for cladding substrates and constructions produced thereby
US6761504B1 (en) * 1998-07-20 2004-07-13 Mbt Holding Ag Waterproof cladding construction and method of providing the same
WO2019047997A1 (de) * 2017-09-07 2019-03-14 Bag Bauartikel Gmbh Bewehrungssystem für den betonausbau der innenschale eines tunnelgebäudes

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2415193A1 (fr) * 1978-01-20 1979-08-17 Louis Claude Elements de soutenement pour ouvrages de travaux publics, tels que galeries, tunnels, puits, tranchees..
GB2299112B (en) * 1995-03-23 1999-04-21 Rom Limited Improvements in and relating to tunnel linings
GB9514734D0 (en) * 1995-07-19 1995-09-20 Miller Civil Engineering Limit Tunnelling Methods

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US495036A (en) * 1893-04-11 Marseliushegbom
US1023526A (en) * 1909-04-20 1912-04-16 Henry Oliver Partition and wall-furring.
US1474808A (en) * 1920-02-24 1923-11-20 Zucco Pierre Method of tunnel construction
US1534968A (en) * 1922-08-28 1925-04-21 Larson Raymond Cement reenforcement
US1876205A (en) * 1930-12-31 1932-09-06 Nat Gunite Contracting Co Monolithic construction
US2187223A (en) * 1936-09-22 1940-01-16 Marcus M Cory Plastering system
US3300938A (en) * 1963-04-03 1967-01-31 Baustahlgewebe Gmbh Reinforcing steel mat structure for concrete slabs
US3381479A (en) * 1964-03-06 1968-05-07 Silver S P A Method of forming a line in a gallery
US3389560A (en) * 1966-05-20 1968-06-25 Martin Concrete Products Corp Diffusion well construction
US3638434A (en) * 1970-01-20 1972-02-01 Davum Flexible structural plate pipes and the like
US3712825A (en) * 1970-12-07 1973-01-23 T Yocum Method of making simulated masonry wall

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US495036A (en) * 1893-04-11 Marseliushegbom
US1023526A (en) * 1909-04-20 1912-04-16 Henry Oliver Partition and wall-furring.
US1474808A (en) * 1920-02-24 1923-11-20 Zucco Pierre Method of tunnel construction
US1534968A (en) * 1922-08-28 1925-04-21 Larson Raymond Cement reenforcement
US1876205A (en) * 1930-12-31 1932-09-06 Nat Gunite Contracting Co Monolithic construction
US2187223A (en) * 1936-09-22 1940-01-16 Marcus M Cory Plastering system
US3300938A (en) * 1963-04-03 1967-01-31 Baustahlgewebe Gmbh Reinforcing steel mat structure for concrete slabs
US3381479A (en) * 1964-03-06 1968-05-07 Silver S P A Method of forming a line in a gallery
US3389560A (en) * 1966-05-20 1968-06-25 Martin Concrete Products Corp Diffusion well construction
US3638434A (en) * 1970-01-20 1972-02-01 Davum Flexible structural plate pipes and the like
US3712825A (en) * 1970-12-07 1973-01-23 T Yocum Method of making simulated masonry wall

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5678957A (en) * 1995-01-25 1997-10-21 Lipsker; Yitshaq Method for underground excavation
US6193439B1 (en) * 1996-01-08 2001-02-27 Mbt Holding Ag Process for cladding substrates and constructions produced thereby
US6761504B1 (en) * 1998-07-20 2004-07-13 Mbt Holding Ag Waterproof cladding construction and method of providing the same
WO2019047997A1 (de) * 2017-09-07 2019-03-14 Bag Bauartikel Gmbh Bewehrungssystem für den betonausbau der innenschale eines tunnelgebäudes
AU2018328611B2 (en) * 2017-09-07 2021-01-28 Gsr Spannring Gmbh Reinforcement system for the concrete lining of the inner shell of a tunnel construction
US11180994B2 (en) * 2017-09-07 2021-11-23 Bag Bauartikel Gmbh Reinforcement system for the concrete lining of the inner shell of a tunnel construction
IL272862B1 (en) * 2017-09-07 2024-01-01 Bag Bauartikel Gmbh Reinforcement system for concrete coating of the inner shell of tunnel construction
IL272862B2 (en) * 2017-09-07 2024-05-01 Bag Bauartikel Gmbh Reinforcement system for concrete coating of the inner shell of tunnel construction

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2241697A1 (de) 1973-04-05
IT964227B (it) 1974-01-21
AT330830B (de) 1976-07-26
ZA726492B (en) 1973-06-27
BR7206696D0 (pt) 1973-09-25
ATA690172A (de) 1975-10-15
GB1396770A (en) 1975-06-04
FR2154487B1 (de) 1978-03-03
JPS4841529A (de) 1973-06-18
FR2154487A1 (de) 1973-05-11
CH541677A (de) 1973-09-15
AR203260A1 (es) 1975-08-29
ES407034A1 (es) 1976-01-16
CA964477A (en) 1975-03-18

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