US1474808A - Method of tunnel construction - Google Patents

Method of tunnel construction Download PDF

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Publication number
US1474808A
US1474808A US360592A US36059220A US1474808A US 1474808 A US1474808 A US 1474808A US 360592 A US360592 A US 360592A US 36059220 A US36059220 A US 36059220A US 1474808 A US1474808 A US 1474808A
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Prior art keywords
tunnel
cast
concrete
sections
ribs
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US360592A
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Zucco Pierre
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
    • E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor

Definitions

  • T o @ZZ eri/0m t may concern.
  • Prnnnn Zoccon a citizen of the United States, residing at city and Vcounty of San Francisco and State of ⁇ California, have invented new and useful ln'iprovements in Methods of Tunnel Coin struction, of which the following is a specification.
  • This invention ielates to a tunnel con struction.
  • the principal object of the present invention to provide a system of tunnel construction which embodies the use of reinforced concrete and contemplates using precast reinforced concrete elements adapted to be bonded together by intervening sections of reinforced concrete t-o form the wall of a tunnel, said pre-cast elements acting as sup porting structures so that the staging within the tunnel may be removed as the elements are set up and the walls are cast, or said elements might be used rst hand in the process of driving a tunnel.
  • a plurality of segmental pre-cast concrete elements prefcrablyfarched are used, and when assembled combine to form fa rigid arch member eX- tending from the floor of a tunnel upon one side to the floor of the tunnel on the other side and resting upon suitable concrete footing blocks, the sides of said elements being recessed to insure that intervening concrete cast in place will be lreyed between the arches and will combine therewith to forni ⁇ an integral concrete structure.
  • Figure 1 is a view-in transverse section through a tunnel showing the floor footing blocksand the segmental pre-cast supporting ⁇ element resting thereupon with' interior perspective of the saine.
  • Fig. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary view showing the jointforined by the sections of the supporting elementV at their upper ends.
  • Fig. ⁇ 3 is an enlarged fragmentary view in plan showing' a section of the tunnel as viewed from above and particularly disclosing the manner in which the pre-cast ribs are fastened.
  • Fig. 4 is an enlarged view in transverse horizontal section on the line 4-4 of Figure 1 showing two of the pre-cast ribs and the intervening cast tunnel wall.
  • 10 indicates the Hoor of the tunnel.
  • This floor is shown as formed of concrete and as being spaced between footing blocks 11.
  • This floor may be poured in place or precast.
  • the blocks 11 have outwardly and downwardly inclined upper faces 12 upon which pre-cast sections 13 and 14 of load supporting elements 15 are positioned.
  • These sections 13 and 14 stand substantially perpendicular to the supporting faces 12 of the blocks and their inward movement is prevented by shoulders 16 of the blocks.
  • the sections 13 and 14 may be of any desired formation to construct a tunnel of a given dimension and with a predetermined sectional area and are here shown as forming an arch.
  • the pre-cast ribs 13 and 14 are substantially T-shaped in cross section. Thus they form square shoulders 1'7 in their opposite sides and which shoulders face the walls of the tunnel. A narrowed neck 15 emanates from these shoulders and terminates in an enlarged outer portion having a beveled face 18.
  • the ribs are suitably reinforced by longitudinally extending' rods 19 and binding ⁇ wires 20.
  • the reinforcing ⁇ rods 19 eX- tend outwardly from theupper and adjacent ends of the precast sections 13 and 14 and form a bond with cementitious material poured in between and indicated at 21.
  • the sections 13 and 14 are rigidly secured in fixed relation to each other by means of bolting plates 22 or other suitable fastening means. These boltingplates receive bolts 23 extending horizontally through pipes 24 in the pre-cast ribs.
  • the pre-cast sections are maintained in spaced relation to cach other along the tunnel by spacing bars 25 which project into seats in the adjacent side faces of the sections and are embedded within a body of cementitious material 26 which fills the space between the pre-cast ribs and completes the tunnel wall structure.
  • the tunnel may be iirst formed with the footing levels previously prepared for receiving the pre-cast footing blocks 11. These blocks may be maintained in spaced relation to each other by thereafter pouring the floor 10 or .assembling pre-cast floor slabs.
  • the complementary pre-cast sections 13 and 14 are ⁇ then mounted upon their respective footing blocks.
  • a jack or other expansion tool may be interposed between the upper and adjacent ends of the sections 13 and 14 to hold the sections in proper position to ,to the pre-cast ribs permit the-boltingplates 22 to be fastened. lVhen this has been done, concrete as indi cated Vat 2l may be poured into the space Vp indicated at A in Fig. 4, or the dotted line B in the same figure.
  • this material will lill in to the recesses in the sides of the pre-cast elements and between the square shouldersl' and the tapered shoulders 18. This will insure that concrete sections 26 will be securely keyed and will therefore form a continuous tunnel wall having alternate sections of pre-cast reinforced concrete and cast in place concrete.
  • the pre-cast sections are sufliciently strong to uphold any load which might be imposed upon it while the intervening concrete is being poured.
  • a method of tunnel construction which consists in forming pre-cast ferro-concrete footing blocks and disposing them in spaced relation to each other upon each side of the floor of a tunnel, thereafter forming a tunnel floor between said blocks, then erecting pre-cast ferro-concrete elements from the complementary footing blocks between each air of oppositely disposed blocks, after which the upper ends of the elements are rigidly secured to eachother and concrete poured in the space therebetween.y then forms are erected and concrete poured between the pre-cast elements to become keyed thereto and form a continuous wall therewith.
  • B pA tunnelconstruction formed with a floor, a plurality of spaced footing blocks formed of ferro concrete material and arranged in spaced relation the length of the floor upon each side of the tunnel ⁇ outwardly and downwardly inclined faces upon the tops of said blocks, pre-cast ferro-concrete elements resting upon said faces between each pair of oppositely disposed blocks, bolting plates securing the upper ends of adjacent elements in rigid relation to each other, said pre-cast members being substantially T-shaped in transverse section and inVA tervening cementitious material filling. the spaces between the pre-cast elements and interlocking therewith by virtue of their T sections.
  • a tunnel construction comprising a plurality of precast arched and interspaced ribs, each composed of two sections connected together at the top at the center of the arch, and continuous plastic monolithic members extending entirely across the tunnel in arch formation and formed to inten connect the ribs and thereby form a continuous wall.
  • a tunnel construction comprising a plurality of pre-formed arch-like ribs, the same being 'inter-spaced, and continuous plastic monolithic members extending cntirely across and formed to occupy the space intermediate the ribs for interconnecting the latter and thereby form a continuous wall.
  • a tunnel like structure comprising a plurality of pre-formed arch-like concrete ribs, the same being interspaced, and con'- tinuous plastic monolithic members extend ing entirely across the tunnel in arch formation and formed to occupy the space inl termediate the ribs for interconnecting the latter and thereby form a continuous wall, said members being also arched transversely of the said space between the ribs.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)

Description

Nov. 20, w23` P. ZUCCO METHOD oF TUNNEL' CONSTRUCTION 1920 2 Sheets-Sheet l Filed Feb. 24
l N V ICNTO N pierre Z u cco.
P. ZUCCO Filed Feb. 24. 1920 METHOD OF TUNNEL CONSTRUCTION Nov. 2U, )1923,
Patented Nov. 20, 1923.
l ETE@ Ti'l" PIERRE ZUCCO, OF SAN FRANCESCO, CALEDENIAH METHOD OF TUNNEL CONSTRUCTION.
Application filed February 24, 1920. Serial No. 360,592.
T o @ZZ eri/0m t may concern.'
Be it known that i. Prnnnn Zoccon a citizen of the United States, residing at city and Vcounty of San Francisco and State of `California, have invented new and useful ln'iprovements in Methods of Tunnel Coin struction, of which the following is a specification.
This invention ielates to a tunnel con struction.
It isV the principal object of the present inventionto provide a system of tunnel construction which embodies the use of reinforced concrete and contemplates using precast reinforced concrete elements adapted to be bonded together by intervening sections of reinforced concrete t-o form the wall of a tunnel, said pre-cast elements acting as sup porting structures so that the staging within the tunnel may be removed as the elements are set up and the walls are cast, or said elements might be used rst hand in the process of driving a tunnel.
In the present invention a plurality of segmental pre-cast concrete elements prefcrablyfarched are used, and when assembled combine to form fa rigid arch member eX- tending from the floor of a tunnel upon one side to the floor of the tunnel on the other side and resting upon suitable concrete footing blocks, the sides of said elements being recessed to insure that intervening concrete cast in place will be lreyed between the arches and will combine therewith to forni `an integral concrete structure.
The invention is illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a view-in transverse section through a tunnel showing the floor footing blocksand the segmental pre-cast supporting `element resting thereupon with' interior perspective of the saine.
Fig. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary view showing the jointforined by the sections of the supporting elementV at their upper ends.
Fig. `3 is an enlarged fragmentary view in plan showing' a section of the tunnel as viewed from above and particularly disclosing the manner in which the pre-cast ribs are fastened. I
Fig. 4 is an enlarged view in transverse horizontal section on the line 4-4 of Figure 1 showing two of the pre-cast ribs and the intervening cast tunnel wall.
In the drawings, 10 indicates the Hoor of the tunnel. This floor is shown as formed of concrete and as being spaced between footing blocks 11. This floor may be poured in place or precast. The blocks 11 have outwardly and downwardly inclined upper faces 12 upon which pre-cast sections 13 and 14 of load supporting elements 15 are positioned. These sections 13 and 14 stand substantially perpendicular to the supporting faces 12 of the blocks and their inward movement is prevented by shoulders 16 of the blocks. The sections 13 and 14 may be of any desired formation to construct a tunnel of a given dimension and with a predetermined sectional area and are here shown as forming an arch.
The pre-cast ribs 13 and 14 are substantially T-shaped in cross section. Thus they form square shoulders 1'7 in their opposite sides and which shoulders face the walls of the tunnel. A narrowed neck 15 emanates from these shoulders and terminates in an enlarged outer portion having a beveled face 18. The ribs are suitably reinforced by longitudinally extending' rods 19 and binding` wires 20. The reinforcing `rods 19 eX- tend outwardly from theupper and adjacent ends of the precast sections 13 and 14 and form a bond with cementitious material poured in between and indicated at 21.
The sections 13 and 14 are rigidly secured in fixed relation to each other by means of bolting plates 22 or other suitable fastening means. These boltingplates receive bolts 23 extending horizontally through pipes 24 in the pre-cast ribs. The pre-cast sections are maintained in spaced relation to cach other along the tunnel by spacing bars 25 which project into seats in the adjacent side faces of the sections and are embedded within a body of cementitious material 26 which fills the space between the pre-cast ribs and completes the tunnel wall structure.
In carrying out the present invention the tunnel may be iirst formed with the footing levels previously prepared for receiving the pre-cast footing blocks 11. These blocks may be maintained in spaced relation to each other by thereafter pouring the floor 10 or .assembling pre-cast floor slabs. The complementary pre-cast sections 13 and 14 are `then mounted upon their respective footing blocks. A jack or other expansion tool may be interposed between the upper and adjacent ends of the sections 13 and 14 to hold the sections in proper position to ,to the pre-cast ribs permit the-boltingplates 22 to be fastened. lVhen this has been done, concrete as indi cated Vat 2l may be poured into the space Vp indicated at A in Fig. 4, or the dotted line B in the same figure. In any event it will be -seen that this material will lill in to the recesses in the sides of the pre-cast elements and between the square shouldersl' and the tapered shoulders 18. This will insure that concrete sections 26 will be securely keyed and will therefore form a continuous tunnel wall having alternate sections of pre-cast reinforced concrete and cast in place concrete. The pre-cast sections are sufliciently strong to uphold any load which might be imposed upon it while the intervening concrete is being poured.
It will thus be seen by means of the present method of tunnel formation that it is possible to progressively build a tunnel of strong reinforcing ribs and successively fill the intervening spaces between said ribs with concrete as the boring of the tunnel progresses, thereby eliminating staging and large and cumbersome forms, and avoid uncertainty as well as preventing accidents by collapse of the structure.
l/Vhile I have shown the preferred form of my invention as now known to me, it will be understood that various changes in the combination, construction and arrangement of parts may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention as claimed.
Having thus described my invention, what I caim and desire to secure by Letters Patent, isz# l. A method of tunnel construction in which footing blocks are positioned upon the door of a tunnel upon each side thereof and in spaced relation to each other, after which pre-cast Vferro-concrete rib sections are erected between each pair of oppositely disposed blocks to form a supporting element from one of said blocks to the other, a plurality of said elements being spaced along the length of the tunnel, then con-4 crete is molded into the spaces between said elements to form a continuous wall therewith.
2. A method of tunnel construction which consists in forming pre-cast ferro-concrete footing blocks and disposing them in spaced relation to each other upon each side of the floor of a tunnel, thereafter forming a tunnel floor between said blocks, then erecting pre-cast ferro-concrete elements from the complementary footing blocks between each air of oppositely disposed blocks, after which the upper ends of the elements are rigidly secured to eachother and concrete poured in the space therebetween.y then forms are erected and concrete poured between the pre-cast elements to become keyed thereto and form a continuous wall therewith.
B pA tunnelconstruction formed with a floor, a plurality of spaced footing blocks formed of ferro concrete material and arranged in spaced relation the length of the floor upon each side of the tunnel` outwardly and downwardly inclined faces upon the tops of said blocks, pre-cast ferro-concrete elements resting upon said faces between each pair of oppositely disposed blocks, bolting plates securing the upper ends of adjacent elements in rigid relation to each other, said pre-cast members being substantially T-shaped in transverse section and inVA tervening cementitious material filling. the spaces between the pre-cast elements and interlocking therewith by virtue of their T sections.
Il. A tunnel construction comprising a plurality of precast arched and interspaced ribs, each composed of two sections connected together at the top at the center of the arch, and continuous plastic monolithic members extending entirely across the tunnel in arch formation and formed to inten connect the ribs and thereby form a continuous wall. K
5. A tunnel construction comprising a plurality of pre-formed arch-like ribs, the same being 'inter-spaced, and continuous plastic monolithic members extending cntirely across and formed to occupy the space intermediate the ribs for interconnecting the latter and thereby form a continuous wall.
6. A tunnel like structure comprising a plurality of pre-formed arch-like concrete ribs, the same being interspaced, and con'- tinuous plastic monolithic members extend ing entirely across the tunnel in arch formation and formed to occupy the space inl termediate the ribs for interconnecting the latter and thereby form a continuous wall, said members being also arched transversely of the said space between the ribs. Y
In testimony whereof I have hereuntoset my hand in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.
Y PIERRE ZUCUU.
Witnesses: Y
JOHN H. HERRING, W. W. HEALEY.
the tunnel in arch formation
US360592A 1920-02-24 1920-02-24 Method of tunnel construction Expired - Lifetime US1474808A (en)

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Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3381479A (en) * 1964-03-06 1968-05-07 Silver S P A Method of forming a line in a gallery
US3858400A (en) * 1971-09-29 1975-01-07 Jean Bernold Method of tunnel boring and tunnel reinforcement mats
EP0033820A2 (en) * 1979-06-25 1981-08-19 Pantex-Stahl AG Tubbing, use of this tubbing and method of constructing it
FR2528492A1 (en) * 1982-06-12 1983-12-16 Tunnel Ausbau Technik Gmbh SUPPORT FRAMEWORK FOR TAKING BACK THE PRESSURE OF TUNNEL BREAKING LANDS BY THE METHOD OF SUCCESSIVE ATTACKS
US4693635A (en) * 1981-11-17 1987-09-15 Marcel Matiere Method of producing hollow structures and hollow structures
US4836714A (en) * 1981-11-17 1989-06-06 Marcel Matiere Enclosed structures of very large cross-section, such as conduits, silos or shelters
AU717556B2 (en) * 1996-07-17 2000-03-30 Mose Monachino A foundation element, methods for the construction of prefabricated structures including these elements, particularly prefabricated tunnels, and prefabricated structures made by these methods
US20060201091A1 (en) * 2005-03-08 2006-09-14 Con/Span Bridge Systems Ltd. Open bottom fiber reinforced precast concrete arch unit
US20070261341A1 (en) * 2005-03-08 2007-11-15 Contech Bridge Solutions, Inc. Open bottom fiber reinforced precast concrete arch unit
ITMO20090160A1 (en) * 2009-06-16 2010-12-17 Carmine Melara METHOD AND ARMOR FOR THE CREATION OF ARTIFICIAL GALLERIES
US8523486B2 (en) 2012-02-06 2013-09-03 Contech Engineering Solutions LLC Concrete culvert assembly and related methods
US8789337B2 (en) 2011-07-08 2014-07-29 Contech Engineered Solutions LLC Foundation system for bridges and other structures
US8925282B2 (en) 2011-07-08 2015-01-06 Contech Engineered Solutions LLC Foundation system for bridges and other structures
USD745186S1 (en) 2012-04-03 2015-12-08 Contech Engineered Solutions LLC Concrete bridge unit
USD751216S1 (en) 2012-02-20 2016-03-08 Contech Engineered Solutions LLC Concrete bridge unit
US9695558B2 (en) 2012-12-13 2017-07-04 Contech Engineered Solutions LLC Foundation system for bridges and other structures
US9970166B2 (en) 2012-02-06 2018-05-15 Contech Engineered Solutions LLC Concrete bridge system and related methods
US11174614B2 (en) 2017-08-14 2021-11-16 Contech Engineered Solutions LLC Metal foundation system for culverts, buried bridges and other structures
US20220196311A1 (en) * 2018-10-31 2022-06-23 James Youngstrom Method for creating ice structures

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3381479A (en) * 1964-03-06 1968-05-07 Silver S P A Method of forming a line in a gallery
US3858400A (en) * 1971-09-29 1975-01-07 Jean Bernold Method of tunnel boring and tunnel reinforcement mats
EP0033820A2 (en) * 1979-06-25 1981-08-19 Pantex-Stahl AG Tubbing, use of this tubbing and method of constructing it
EP0033820B1 (en) * 1979-06-25 1984-01-25 Pantex-Stahl AG Tubbing, use of this tubbing and method of constructing it
US4693635A (en) * 1981-11-17 1987-09-15 Marcel Matiere Method of producing hollow structures and hollow structures
US4836714A (en) * 1981-11-17 1989-06-06 Marcel Matiere Enclosed structures of very large cross-section, such as conduits, silos or shelters
FR2528492A1 (en) * 1982-06-12 1983-12-16 Tunnel Ausbau Technik Gmbh SUPPORT FRAMEWORK FOR TAKING BACK THE PRESSURE OF TUNNEL BREAKING LANDS BY THE METHOD OF SUCCESSIVE ATTACKS
AU717556B2 (en) * 1996-07-17 2000-03-30 Mose Monachino A foundation element, methods for the construction of prefabricated structures including these elements, particularly prefabricated tunnels, and prefabricated structures made by these methods
US6367214B1 (en) 1996-07-17 2002-04-09 Mosé Monachino Foundation element, methods for the construction of prefabricated structures including these elements, particularly prefabricated tunnels, and prefabricated structures made by these methods
US6408581B2 (en) 1996-07-17 2002-06-25 MONACHINO MOSé Foundation element, methods for the construction of prefabricated structures including these elements, particularly prefabricated tunnels, and prefabricated structures made by these methods
US20060201091A1 (en) * 2005-03-08 2006-09-14 Con/Span Bridge Systems Ltd. Open bottom fiber reinforced precast concrete arch unit
US20070261341A1 (en) * 2005-03-08 2007-11-15 Contech Bridge Solutions, Inc. Open bottom fiber reinforced precast concrete arch unit
ITMO20090160A1 (en) * 2009-06-16 2010-12-17 Carmine Melara METHOD AND ARMOR FOR THE CREATION OF ARTIFICIAL GALLERIES
US8789337B2 (en) 2011-07-08 2014-07-29 Contech Engineered Solutions LLC Foundation system for bridges and other structures
US8925282B2 (en) 2011-07-08 2015-01-06 Contech Engineered Solutions LLC Foundation system for bridges and other structures
US8523486B2 (en) 2012-02-06 2013-09-03 Contech Engineering Solutions LLC Concrete culvert assembly and related methods
US9970166B2 (en) 2012-02-06 2018-05-15 Contech Engineered Solutions LLC Concrete bridge system and related methods
USD751216S1 (en) 2012-02-20 2016-03-08 Contech Engineered Solutions LLC Concrete bridge unit
USD745186S1 (en) 2012-04-03 2015-12-08 Contech Engineered Solutions LLC Concrete bridge unit
US9695558B2 (en) 2012-12-13 2017-07-04 Contech Engineered Solutions LLC Foundation system for bridges and other structures
US11174614B2 (en) 2017-08-14 2021-11-16 Contech Engineered Solutions LLC Metal foundation system for culverts, buried bridges and other structures
US20220196311A1 (en) * 2018-10-31 2022-06-23 James Youngstrom Method for creating ice structures
US11846461B2 (en) * 2018-10-31 2023-12-19 James Youngstrom Method for creating ice structures

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