US1325261A

US1325261A - Form fob concrete building construction

Info

Publication number: US1325261A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1919-12-16
Anticipated expiration: 1936-12-16

Description

A. I. ORTSEIFEN.

FORM FOR CONCRETE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.

,APPLICATION FILED OCT. Il, i919. v 1,325,261. 111191111111 Dec. 111, 1919.

BY MM 'ArroRmsm A. J. ORTSEIFEN.

FORM Foa CONCRETE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION'.

WITNESS:

INVENTOR: ln/)1.1% .f JYTSL'IFEM A. I. ORTSEIFEN.

FORM FOR CONCRETE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.

` APPLICATION. FILED OCT. Il. T919. 1,325,261. Patented De@.16,1919.

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fwrrNjis': y INVENTOR: @e l DoLPJfJ ORTSELEEJV;

ATTORWS.

ADOLPH J. OR'ISEIFEN, or CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

FORM FOR CONCRETE BUILDING -CONSTRUCTION.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 16, 1919.

Application filed October 11, 1919. Serial No. 330,026.

To all 'whom 't-may concern:

Be it. known that I, ADoLPH J, OR'ISEIFEN,

' a citizen of the United States, and resident of the city of Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Forms for Concrete Building Construction; and I do hereby declare that the following-description of my invention, taken in co-nnection with the accompanying sheets of drawings, form avI'ull, clear, and exact specification, which will enable others skilled in the art to which the said invention appertains to make and use the same.

This invention has general reference to concrete buildings, and is especially addressed to the construction of the forms or molds for the girdcrs, joists and floors for l se the production of a monolithic building structure; and it consists, essentially, in the novel and peculiar combination of parts and details of construct-ion, as hereinafter irst fully set forth and described, and then pointed out in Ithe claims.

One of the objects of this invention is the construction of forms, made Aof Wooden boards and timbers, which can be readily erected and knocked down for reuse in connection With sheets ofYY suitable material for forming the -side panels of the girders, and for closing the open joints at the intersection of the girder, and the joist forms.

Another object ofthis invention is the construction of forms which require the least number of props or supports to sustain the forms and the concrete until the latter has set and hardened sufficiently to be self-sus- A taining.

A further object of thisinvention is the construction of forms in which leakage of fluid concrete is entirely overcome,

Other objects of this invention will herejnafter fully appear.

In the erection of casting-forms for concrete buildings, considerable difficulty is eX- perienced in preventing leaky joints, partly due to the shrinkage of the lumber employed, and particularly at those places Where the forms for the j oists meet the foi-111s for the girders and for the floors. Another difficulty is met with when the forms are to .be taken down to separate them from the concrete and from one another, resulting generally in the destruction of considera'ble lumber, Which at the prevailing, almost prohibitive price Of this material `joists of a concrete building. Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation on line 2 2 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation of' a T-girder form and associated parts thereof. Fig. 4 is a sectional elevation on line 4 4 of Fig. l, Fig. 5 is a perspective View of the boxshaped element. which forms the side panels for the girders and closes the gaps between the' girder and the joist forms. Fig. 6 is a plan of the blank from. which the boxshaped element is formed. Fig. 7 is a sectional elevation on line 7-'7 of Fig. `5. Fig. 8 is a sectional elevation of a girder similar to the one shown in Fig. 4, except that the element 35 of the box-shaped element is inwardly turned instead of outwardly as illustrated in Figs. 5, 7 andothers. F ig. 9' is a sectional elevationv of a joist form slightly Inodied. Fig. 10 is a perspective View off the box-shaped element showing the condition illustrated in Fig. 8. Fig. 11 is a plan of the blank from which the boX- shaped element depicted in Fig. l0 is `formed. "Fig, l2 is a sectional elevation of are poured as fast as possible toV secure inl tegrally `connected members; and for this reason the forms or molds must be as nearly as possible in position for one `floor. This requires a large number of boards, timbers, and planks which it is desirable to be so placed in position that theyvcan be readily dcmounted and reused, especially in buildings having a multiplicity of stories the general layout of which are alike. Such a building has almost invariably one or more longitudinal girders and a considerablenumber of spaced apart beams'or joists to support the floors andthe Weight Which the floors are calculated to carry. In Figs. 3 I

and 4, I show sections of a girder A, and a number of joists B, connected therewith, which members support the floor C, the whole when cast being an integrally formed and homogenetic structure. These elements are cast in molds consisting of many parts,

as will now be described; and in this connection I may state that it is a uniform practice to make all the bays of a building as near alike as possible to enable the forms being used over and over again without cutting or reiitting, until they are no longer in condition for use. These forms are so constructed that those in which the joists are cast are capable of being used without any intermediate supports or props, while the forms for the girders are properly supported by posts so designed as also to carry the ends of the joists adjacent the girders. The forms for the joists comprise each two vertically disposed planks, designated side panels, 12, 12, spaced a distance apart corresponding to the width of the joists, and of proper height, and slightly less in length than that of the joists when cast.

These two side panels are at their lower` margins separated by

spacers

13, 13a, said spacers being timbers vof approximately the same length as the

side panels

12, 12a, and, preferably oblong in transverse section. They are secured to the inner sides of the

side panels

12, 12a, in any desired manner, being either nailed or screwed together, there being, however, .no fastening between adjacent. margins of these

elements

13, 13a. At the upper margins of the side panels there are securely attached to the outside of these panels stringers 17, 17, which are flush with the upper edges of the

side panels

12, 12a. As usual, the joists B yare in spaced apart relationship; and to form the floor C, which affords the Ceiling'of a story, there are placed upon

adjacent side panels

12, 12a, slab panels 18, which are constructed of a number of planks preferably tongued and vgrooved together, and secured by cleats 19, to which the planks forming the slab panel are nailed or screwed. These cleats 19 are of a length to span the space between two adjacent stringers 17 17, to serre as spreaders; and their ends are beveled, as at 54, Figs. 2 and 9, the object of which is to permit

theside panels

12, 12a, being spread apart for the purpose of removing the joist forms, as hereinafter explained.

The form for the girder shown Ain vertical section in Fig. 4, consists of horizontally disposed planks 20, 20a, of a combined width slightly in excess of the width of the girder when cast. These planks 20, 20a, are supported by props or posts 21, having across its upper end a timber 22, of sutlicient length to support said

bottom timbers

20, 20, and stringers to be hereinafter described, said cross timber 22 being suitably braced by struts 23. Medially of its length there is placed upon the timber 22, a block 24, which reachesunderneath the planks 20, 20a.

Upon the cross pieces 22, and at the sides of the girder-form there are located two stringere 25, 25a, of suitable length, which reach underneath the bottoms of the joist forms and are supported upon the crosspieces 22 by

wedges

26, 26, for the purpose of alining the joist forms with the girder form, and also to enable the ready 'removal of the joist forms.

Attention is now invited to the forms fo the girder A, at which the molds of the joists stop short of the sides of the girder. These sides for the girder, designated by 27, 27a, in Fig. 4, are formed, preferably, of paper board of suflicient strength to sustain the concrete between them until set; and it is', preferably, waterproofed on one or both sides to/prevent softening, by the wet concrete. This paper board is a rectangular sheet, shown in Fig. 6 and others, which is formed into a box-like structure, as illustrated in Figs. 5, 7, 10, and 11. This blank has at its transverse margins

longitudinal incisions

28, 28a, Fig. 6, and in its lower, longitudinal margin transverse in-

v cisions

29, 29a, reaching for some distance from these margins; f This blank is folded at right angles longitudinally along the` dotted lines 30, 36a, parallel to the incisions 28, 28B, and then transversely at right angles along the dotted

lines

31, 31, the bend- 31a, being the length of the face portion 316,

corresponds to the distance between the inner faces of the

side panels

12, 12a, of two adjacent joist-forms, the height of this face portion equals the depth'of the joists; the width of the member 37 issutlicientto overlie the slab panel, and to' which it is, preferably tacked, while the members 35 are overlying the bottom timbers 20, 20a, and are tacked thereto, and if preferred overlying each other to close the joints in these planks. The

end members

33, 33a, are tacked to the inner surfaces of the

side panels

12, 12a, and the

members

34, 34a, tacked upon the

spreaders

13, 13, and preferably overlap each other to cover the joint between the two spreader members. It will now be noted that the end portions v33, 33a, cover the gap between the ends of the joist forms and the sides of the girder when cast, and that the between the bottom members 20, 20h1 of the '

lower portions

34, 34, are over the. gap 38 girder-form and the ends of the

spreaders

13, 13",. and that the member 37 bridges the gap'between the side of the girder form and the end of the slab panel, or in other words, that the portions 36 forni, as a matter of fact, the sides for` the girder form, and the

ymembers

33, 33, 'and 35, form conitinuations ofthe joist .form and thus make tight joints between these parts and pre'- vent leakage of the iuid matter when the concrete is being cast.

The object of leavingthe gap between the girder form andthe joist form is to facilitate demounting of the forms without destroying or injuring any of the wooden parts of these forms.

As illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, and 9, the

`

side panels

12, 12, are tied along their lowerA margins by spaced apart wires 14, which wires pass underneath the

spacers

13, 13, and are twisted together, as illustrated at 15, to draw the joint of the members13, 13a together and prevent leakage. In addition to serving as ties, these wires also support the reinforcing rods 15 .until the concrete has been poured and set.

The demounting of the forms is accomplished in the following manner:

First remove the joist forms by knocking out the

wedges

26, 26a, and then remove the stringere 25, 25a, the form being held in position by the tie Wires 14.' These wires are now cut olf close to the sidey panels 12,

12, and these panels are lthen forced apart by driving a chisel or other suitable instrument into the joint between the

spreaders

13, 13, which releases the side panels from the concrete and permits the joist forms to be dropped one' after4 the other together with the slab panels and the timbers 49, the box shaped paper boards probably remaining in place, but may also come down l with the side panels. The props which. sup- .portthe blocks 24, and the bottom boards 20,

20, of the girder form may remain in place for some time after the floor with itssupporting girder and joists have sufficiently hardened. It will thus be noted that there can be no jamming at the intersection of the joist forms with the girder form, owing to the decided gaptherebetween so that these forms will not be injured in the slightest degree when being removed, and that they will be immediately ready for reuse.

When the girder is to be of what is termed a T-girder, such as shown in section lin Fig. 3, I make the form for this girder somewhat different from the form hereinbefore described', for a plain rectangular girder. In this case I provide two side panels, 39, 39a, to form the stem D of the girder, and place spreaders .40 between these panels. I then nail to the upper edges of these

side panels planks

42, 42a, extending horizontally from the panels 39, 39a,- which '

members

39, 39a, 40, 40a, and 42, 42EL is supported upon props 43, precisely the same as the props for the rectangular girder, and' byl stringers 44, and wedges 45. A paper board form the same as shown in Figs. 5 and others, is tacked with its member 37 to the slab panel 18, the members 35 Vare tacked to the

horizontal planks

42, 42a, and the

end f members

33, 33a to the inner sides ofthe side panels of the joist panels, thereby closing the gap 38, between the girder, and the joist forms.

In the present construction I employ no wooden side panels for the girder mold, eX- cept in thecase of a T-girder, where I em'- ploy wooden side panels 39, 39L for the lower portion or stem D vof the girder A, a paper board form for the v`entire sides of' the T-girder -not being considered sufciently rigid to form both, the stem and the head of this IT-girde'r.

Where a plastered ceiling is 'required -in the concrete building, I do not cut the tie.-

In some instances itis desirable to formA the joists as illustrated in Fig. 9, z'. e'. giving them the contour in cross section of a truncated cone, in 'view of the well-known fact that in a. concrete beam the portion of the same above the neutral axis or center of gravity is in compression, While the portion ofthe beam below the neutral axis is in tension, and that concrete inA tension has so low a factor of resistance to rupture, that of a beam to carry a predetermined load, the lower portion of the concrete is notcensi'dered, the strain being taken up by the rein*v forcing rods. It follows that the lower` por tion of the beam may be considerably narrower Vthan the upper portion above the neutral axis, thereby resulting in a reduction vof the weight of the beam, and the cost of producing the same. In this case I place the side panels 12"` 12C, Fig. 9, at an angle to eachY other, and then employ a box-shaped paper-board element, the blank of which is shown in Fig. 13. l It is substantially the same as the one illustrated in Fig. 6, except 'in making calculations for the dimensions that the

folding lines

31, 31a, are angularly disposed to correspond to the angularity of the joist illustrated in Fig. 9, so that when Yfolded to box-shape, the

marginal portions

33, 33, t the inside surfaces of the side panels 12", 12. And in this connection I may remarkthat instead -of makingv the incisions 28', 28a, parallel to the longitudinal upper margin of the blank, as shown in Fig. 6, I may make them parallel to the transverse end-margins of the blank, as shown in Fig. 13, so that when the blank is folded, as hereinbefore described, the

kcorner portions

32, 32, overlie the marginal portion 37, 'as depicted in Figs. 10 and 11, a construction which has the advantage that it facilitates taeking of the

corner portions

32, 32, to the slab panel instead to the inside of the side panels, together with the portion 37.

The slap panels-are narrower than the distance between the sidepanels 12 of one of the joist molds and the side panel l2" of the next succeeding joist mold as shown in Fig. 2, and others, thereby leaving a space 38 between the slab panel and the box-shaped` these square portions, as indicated at 50,

Fig. 2, which will afford fillets at the junc tion of the joists and the ceiling of the fioor, 1n a manner easily comprehended.

If desired the box-shaped element hereinbefore described for forming the side panels of the girder form, and closing the gap between the girder form and thejoists forms, instead of being made of paper board, which I prefer owing to the. fact that it is comparatively inexpensive and that it can be readily manipulated to assume the proper shape, may be made of any other suitable sheet material, including metal Without departing from the scope of my invention. In applying the paper board it is not necessary, though desirable, that it be first formed 1o the box-shape shown; The blank can be readily applied to the structure in the Hat and bent 'in situ to the form required.

Attention is noiv invited to the fact that in this construction no props are required to support the forms for the joists aside from the support which they receive by the stringers 25, 25a, which are carried upon the cross pieces 23 ofthe posts 21. This is made possible by the peculiar construction of the side panels, which, as shoivn in` Fig. 2 and others, are formed of the

vstringers

17, 17, the

spacers

13, 13a, and the vertical members 12, 122, so that each side panel is of Z-shaped construct-ion; and the dimensions of the members of these elements are so calculated that they will support their own weight together with the predetermined load thereon plus a sufficient factor of safety to accomplish the object Without any appreciable deflection of the structure.

It may also be here noted that in View of the fact that in a building in course of Y reached.

construction, the floors are not loaded until the building is being occupied, so that the floors for the time being need carry but their own i Weight. For this reason, the forms for the joists can be removed as soon as the concrete is hard enough to sustain itself, and be rerected for further use, thus requiring considerably less lumber and forms when pursuing the method hereinbefore described than has heretofore been necessary to erect a concrete building. I can also erect a. concrete building at less cost, with a, saving of time to complete the same.

-In order to readily understand why, by exercising my method of erecting a concrete building, I attain these results, I Abelieve that a brief recital of the present method now in universal'vogue, will be an aid.

In a building of more than one floor, and including a basement or cellar, and frequently sub-cellars, the present practice after the foundations have been laid, is to erect the forms for the columns, the girders, and the joists for the first floor, Asupporting the molds for the girders as Well as the joists upon posts, placing the slab panels, and then pouring the concrete for the columns, the girders, the joists, and the Hoor, and allowing the concrete to set and harden sufficiently1 to be self-supporting, but not necessarily hard enough to carry any additional Weight. The posts, the molds for the columns, the girders, and the joists are left in place, and a second set of forms for thesecond floor erected upon the first Hoor, the posts for the second floor being placed over the slots on the floor below which there are the posts for the first floor, and then the second floor cast. Vhere time is a consideration, even a` third set of molds is erected upon the second floor, thereby requiring at best three sets of molds and posts for the joists before the lowermost set can be removed, ivhich removal, however, is scarcely ever attempted until all the floors of the building are cast and hardened enough to permit of the removal of the forn'is.

It will thus be noted that the first floor has to carry the weight of all the floors above the same, because the weight of the uppermost floor is carried to the fioor neXt below, and so forth until the first Hoor is Now, by making the oist molds as hereinbefore described, of Z-shaped cross section and strong enough to carry the Weight of the unloaded floor Without supporting posts, there are no posts required for the joists of upper floors, hence no Weight is carried doivn to the second floor. Such being the case, I can remove the joist molds of the first floor as soon as the concrete has hardened enough to sustain its own Weight, and immediately locate them in position for the second floor, and continue to do this until all the floors are cast. Thus I require but one set f joist molds, and no posts for the same, and need not wait until the first 'floor 'is hard enough to carry additional erable and results in a very material reducbeen cast.

tion in the cost of erectingrv a concrete building.

Of course, the molds for the girders and then posts to support them will remainx in position, preferably, until all the floors have And finally, it may be -observed that Wherever columns E, are required to support the girders, they may be constructed in anydesired manner without necessitating modifications of the forms for the girders and joists hereinbefore described.

I have hereinbefore 4described this invention with considerable minuteness as to details of construction, but I am aware that changes therein may be made, and parts omitted without departing from the scope of this invention as defined in the appended claims.

Having thus fully described this invention, I claim as new, and desire to secure to myself by Letters Patent of the United-Statesl. In the art -of forming monolithic concrete structures, means for casting the girders, joists, and floors therein, which comprise in combination, a form or mold for the girders, a series of molds for the joists and floors, the ends of the molds for the joists a'djacent the molds for the girders being spaced from the molds for the girders to afford a decided gap' therebetween, and a box-shaped element reaching from one of the joist molds to the next joist mold, said box-shaped element having members which cover Ythe aforesaid gaps, and form a part of the girder mold.

2. In molds for concrete building structures to form the joists, the combination, of two, spaced apart side panels, bottom members between said side panels, said bottom members being fixed to the side panels, said side panels being-tied together by wires,

said wires passing around the lower margins of said side panels and having their ends twisted together, and stringers at the upper margins of said side panels, said stringers being secured to the outer surface of said side panels and iiush with the upper edges thereof, each of said side panels being of Z-shape transversely.

3. In molds for forming the girders and joists for concrete structures, the combination, with a mold' for the girder of a mold for the joists, said latter molds comprising two side panels in parallel spaced relationship, bottom members or spacers' at the lower margins of said side panels, a series of wireties passing through said side panels above said bottom spacers, said wires bein passed around the lower margins and un erneath said spacers, the ends of said wires being twisted together, stringers at the upper margins of the side panels, said stringers being aiiixed to said side lpanels at the outer surface thereof, slab panelsvbetween -adjacent side panels and supported upon said stringers, and an element reaching from `one side panel to the neXt adjacent side panel, said element having its ends turned at right angles to overlap the ends of the side panels, said element having its upper longitudinal margin overlapping the slab panel and its lower longitudinalY margin secured to the girder form..

4. In -molds for forming the girders and joists for concrete structures, the combina-- tion, with a mold forthe girder, of a mold for the joists, said latter mold comprising two side panels in parallel spaced relationship, bottom members or spacers at the lower margins of said side panels, a series of wire-ties passing through said side panels above said bottom spacers, Asaid wiresbeing passed around the lower marginsand underneath said spacers, the ends of said wires being twisted together, stringers at the upper margins of the side panels, said stringers being aiiixed to said side panels at the outer surface thereof, slabpanels between adjacent side panels Aand supported upon said stringers, and an element reaching from one side panel to the neXt adjacent side panel, said element having its ends turned at right angles to overlapthe ends of the side panels, said element having its upper longitudinal margin overlapping the slab panel and its lowerv longitudinal margin secured to the girder form, the main portion of said element forming one side panel member of the girder mold.

5. An element for closing the gap between a girder form and a joist mold, comprising a `rectangularsheet of suitable material, said sheet having parallel to one of itsllongitudinal margins and spaced therefrom and reaching for some distance from its transverse margins, incisions, and starting from the other longitudinal margin and extending therefrom for some distance parallel to the transverse margins other incisions, said sheet being folded and refolded' to afford members by which said element may be secured to the molds, as described.

6. In the art of forming monolithic concrete structures, means for forming the girders, the joists, and the floors, including, in combination, a bottom board for the girder form, a series of joist molds, each of said joist molds including two spaced apart Z-shaped side panels, a slab panel between each pair of j oist forms, said slab panel having a series of cleats, the ends of said cleats being beveled, said cleats reaching from one, to the next jolst form and serving as a spacer for said joist form, st-rmgers at both sides of the girder form, said stringers underlying said joist form, posts, said posts having cross bars supporting the bottom of the girder form, wedges on said cross bars underneath said stringers Jfor adjustably supporting said joist forms adjacent said girder form, and an element reaching from one joist form to the next joist form, said elementbeing of approximately box-shaped contour, the main portion of said element forming one side panel of the girder form, the end portions and one lower portion of said element forming continuations of the joist form, and the upper portion covering the gap between the slab panel and the girder form, the ends of said joist forms adjacent the girder form being remote from the girder form and disconnected therefrom except by the box-shaped element.

7. In the art of forming monolithic concrete structures, means for casting the girders, the joist's, and the floors of the building, comprising, in combination, a girder mold, said girder mold having a bottom, stringers at the sides of the bottom board, posts under said bottom board, said posts having cross bars supporting said bottom board and reaching beyond said stringers, joist molds in spaced apart relationship, said joist molds comprising each a. pair of Z-shaped side panels, said side panels being so arranged as to be self-supporting and capable of sstaining the concrete forthe joist and the prope`1 portion of the floor when cast, the ends of t-he joist forms being remote from the sides of the girder form, said ends of the joint forms being carried upon said stringers, removable means for vertically adjusting said stringere, whereby by removing said adjusting means the joist forms may be removed as soon as the concrete has hardened suflicient-ly to be self-supporting.

8. In the art of forming monolithic concrete structures, means for forming the joists, said means including, in Combination, a pair of side panels in parallel spaced relationship, said side panels having each a vertically disposed member, an inwardly extending member at the lower margin of said vertically disposed member, an outwardly extending member at the upper margin of said vertical member, the inwardly extending members being disconnected from each other, the lower and upper members being rigidly secured to the vertical member, and means for tying the vertically disposed members together at their lower margins,

whereby said side-panels may be forced apart at the joint of the inwardly extending, members by releasing said tying means to permit the removal of the joist form after the joist has been cast. l

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I have hereunto set my hand.

ADOLPH J. .ORTSEIFEN