US1131479A - Centering-form for reinforced concrete construction. - Google Patents

Description

G. B. DALE. GENTERING FORM FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 10, 1909. 1 31,479., A Patented Man-9,1915.

. e SHEETSSHEET 1.

Patented Mar. 9, 1915.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

mm L G. E. DALE. CENTERING FORM FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION.

I APPLICATION FILED FEBJO, 1909. l 1 3 1 A79.

. f G; B. DALE; GBNTERING FORM FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION PILED'PEBJO, 1909. v I

LMRA7Q, 'PatentedMar. 9, 1915.

B'SHBBT SSHEE'IT 4.

(Gm-1? E17 G. .E. DALE.

(ENTERING FORM FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION.

- APPLICATION FILED rmmo, 1909. 1,1 31,%?9@ Pa ented Mar. 9, 1915.

6 SHEETSSHEET 5' G. E. DALE.

GENTERING FORM FOR REINFORCED GONCRETBOONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED FEB.10, 1909. L1 31 4;? 9, Patented Mar. 9, 1915.

6 SHEETSSHEET 6.

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enonen E. mm, or mirron, nnwlmnsny, AssIenon, [Biz nnsnnnssremrnms TO rmmnnnenmisrnnr. & 00., or CAMDEN,,;NEW'JEEBS EY, A comonnrzon OF NEW JERSEY,

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To all whom it may concerm- I Be it known that I, GEORGE E. DALE, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Trenton, Mercer county, New Jersey,-

have invented certain Improvements in Centering-Forms for-Reinforced Concrete Construction, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to means employed in the erection of concrete structures, more particularly those of the monolithic type: wherein the supporting columns, beams, ginders, walls and floors, (and loy'the latter term I refer also to theceiling root) are composed of solid masses of concrete reinforced bythe' usual metal rods, bars and other reinforcing means.

In the erection of such structures, ituis' necessary to provide supporting-forms for the columns, beams, girders,vva1lsand floors;

and at the present time wood is the agent usually employed; a condition doubtless due to its relative eheapness and comparativeease of fitting andv manipulation to eflect the desired results. Practice has demon strated, however, that wooden forms cannot withstand damage incident to constant change and removal, and thatthey are, therefore, in the end highly expensive.

There is also more or less difficulty infitting wooden forms to meet certain exigencies in the erection of monolithic structures, notahly at the points where the floors are to be combined with beams and girders. A fur- .35 ther disadvantage is the necessity of maintaining the entire centering with its shoring or supporting means iii-place until the concrete has set to the required degree of hardness. All or these objectionable features 40 I desire to overcome, and I propose tosulb stitute for the wooden centering usually employed, a special form or metal centering combined with means for rendering such centering adjustableand at the same time availablefor the various uses necessary inthe erection of concrete buildings. The several features of centering construction and supporting means therefor embodyin my invention are fully shown in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1, is a perspective view, showing my improved metallic centers in position for the formationof a concrete beam or girder and floor, in a: solid mass; Fig. 2, is a, plan; v ew of a port on ofra building showing the metallic centering forming the subject of my inventionset in place in one part of such view, and the staging for supporting-the same, shown in another part of such view; Fig; 3,. is'a sectional view of the centering girder: centering and the floor centering dis posedadgacent the same and at right angles thereto, after the concrete has been pom-ed;

'Figs. 4 and 5, are sectional views of the floor-centering on the line 19-71, Fig. 2, showing the staging or supporting means therefor, the concrete having been poured; Flg. 5, showing the floor slab after the metal centering hasheen removed; such slab being supported by shoring independent 0fthe -si oringd or supporting the meta! centering; Fig. 61s alsectional view of the centering for-the beam or girder,- showing also theciamping means for such centering and the independent supporting means or shoring for, the centering and the girder; Figs. 7, 8

and '9, are views illustrating modified forms of centering for floor slab construction;

Fig. 10, is a sectional view of a floor slab poured upon a metal centering embodying .my invention, showing the use of-a bridging piece to-reduce the number of concrete '3' oists when the floor slabs are relatively light;

vI igs. 1l'to;18, both inclusive, are views illustrating various forms of metallic centering and accessories iilustrating various modifi- In providing supporting or centering means for concrete construction, my purpose istwo-fold: first, that it be of the mostsub stantial character possible, and second, that it be so-arranged as to be capable of remor -al very soon after the initial setting of the concrete. The supporting means for such centering-and concrete are duplex'in; character;

Spfifinafipn-0fLetterS3Patenfi Patented Mar..9,.19i5. epplieafion-filed February10,1909. e l-misusin ,onthe line a--a, Fig. 2, showing the beam or designed to support the forms only, independent of any concrete which may be sub-- sequently poured upon such centering, and

independent shoring to take the load of concrete poured upon and shaped by such centering. In arranging this staging, I first erect supports or shores for the girder or beam "centering extending between the columns, and these supports will range in par: allel lines at the proper designateddistance apart. Inext arrange the supports or shores for the floor centering; such shores belng disposed in lines between therows of columns and the floor centering is laid thereon at right angles to .the girder or beam centering. I then provide supports or shores to take the weight of the concrete, and these latter supports are arranged beneath spacing or filling members disposed between the sections of centering for both beams or girders and floors and are designed to support the greater weight of concrete while it is being poured and the full weight after the centers have been removed.

The centering for floor slab construction made in accordance with my invention, consistsof metallic channel members 1 having relatively parallel walls 2, connected, in the preferred form, by an arched top 8, integral with said walls; and the latter having, in most instances, side projections 4, usually horizontally disposed, extending the full length ofthe channel members. These centers or forms may be of various contours, preserving the general design described.

They may be arched from the projecting ledges. 4: in full curves; they may be pro vided with fiat tops joining the side walls and curve but slightly at the bend; they may be made in sections joined at the top; the-projecting ledges may be omitted; they may beof substantially flat channel sections, and they may be of built up sections.

. These centering members are in various lengths as may be desired, and they are of such proportion with relation to each other that other sections of the same contour may be telescoped therewith for the purpose of spanning the distance between beams or girders. .When in use the centering forms are supported upon suitable shoring timbers. When two or more sections are necessary to span a given distance, their joint will be properly shored to insuresupport of the floor. These center forms may be laid in such manner, shown, for instance in Figs. 10 and 12, that when removing the centering sections, the alternate ones may be first dislodged and then the others. To accomplish this result, the forms may be laid so that the projecting ledges of every other one will lie on top of the adjacent members, with the ledges of. saidadjacent members beneath those of the others; such arrangementpermitti'ng the removal of the form sections whose ledges are lowermost. I prefer; however to provide the forms with narrow proj ecting ledges 4, as shown in Figs. 1, 4, 5, et seq., andto provide for-the full width of the joists which willbe formed-by the concrete poured between the side walls of the centering r'orms, by the use of spacing members 6 resting on. said ledges i; As usually employed, it is desirable to make the centering forms or sections of standard dimensions in substantially the. proportions indicated in the drawings. It will be understood, how-- ever, that in many instances it may be desirable-to provide a floor or ceiling having joists 'considerably less in'depth than that provided by the centering, .and to accomplish this result I may employ filling means shown in several of the views of the drawings. In the broadest embodiment of my invention, such means comprise filling members 6 of regular thickness which may be placed in the space between the vertical walls of adjacent centering forms, shortening the depthof the same tothe extent of the filler and thereby decreasing the depth of the joists which would be formed by concrete entering said spaces- While such arrangement may be employed with the form of centering show-n in Figs. 10 and 12, such centering would have to remain in place until the concrete has set to the desired degree. In. order that my improved centering may be rendered of much greater value and capable of repeated use on the same job, without the necessity of leaving it in place for the full setting period of the concrete, I prefer a form of structure wherein the side projections of the centering members are comparatively narrow and serve to support a filling or spacing member 6 to form the bottom of the mold or form to receive the concrete, such members being shored from below by independent supporting means and bearing the weight of the concrete deposited upon the'centering.

In the erection of floors relatively light, it may be unnecessary to "provide the joists. which are formed by the concrete between the side walls of the centering, and for such purpose I may employ channel sections 1 such as shown in Figs. 7 and 8. In the use of such centering it will be desirable to stiffen the centering and for this purpose the flanges of the channelsare apertured to receive stiffening bars 7, which are preferably' held tightly in place by means of wedges 8. Between adjoining channels,

spacing or bridging plates 6 will be emlSO anemic between the sidewalls of the centering being supported initially by the shoring for said'centering and subsequently by the independent shores which take the weight of the concrete. Under noror ceiling isof relatively light construction, however, it is, ssible to omit several of said joists, andin Fig. 10, I have illustrated a construction in -which the torms are bridged by a fiat metal plate 6? which serves to supportthe concrete and may be removed the usual manner. With such arrange- 1 went, it will be possible to shore. the plate independently of the shoring for the arched metal forms so the latter may be removed without aflecting the shoring underlying the joists and supporting the greater weight of the whole floor.-

In Fig. 11, I have shown the projecting ledges 4 at the lower portions the side. walls as provided with turned up flanges 4 which support the spacing or filling mem hers and serve to decrease the depth of the joists. I I

Fig. 12, shows the of centering WIth laTpping ledges, and 'a series of members supported thereby. This view also shows wire ties 9 embedded in the concrete and designed .to be subsequently used to secure-metal lath'ing to sand joists for re- .ceiving ceilingplaster. The wire ties are disposed in apertures in theispacing meme bEIS :6. p I- a Fig. 1 3, shows a .form of centering in which the ledgesor flanges 4 of the channel members forming the centering are turned,

inwardly. In this instance the side walls of the channel members are inclined and the filling members are wedge-shaped.

When center forms of the arched type are employed, it is desirable to hold the side while that shown at "12, is of the screw type.

' It may desirable to give the side :walls of the centering forms .a' slight inward bend as shown in Fig. 15, and hold them out to the desired 'shapefby means of such clamps; the bend so given tending to cause the 'form to spring away from the concrete. after-the clamps have been removed and "it is desired to remove the centering. In other instances, 1 may apply wires 13 between the side walls of the centers, such as shown in Figs.

.1126 and 17, which upon twisting will tend to pull said walls together and permit the re-' ,moval of the same. In other instances, it may be desirable to employ braces 14 lying 'tion of the section. With them isemployed have shown several between the side walls of the individual center fprms insteadof the clamps engaging the side walls ofxadjacent forms, such braces being shown in Fig, 17. This figure also shows the wires 13, and the braces 14 maybe hung from said wires 13 by supports 15, as indicated.

In order to form with the floor slabs the integral beams-or girders I provide centering forms for the latter, which are clearly shown in Figs. 1, 3 and 6. Indie present instance, the girder centering consists of metal members 16, substantially L-shaped in cross section; the lower portion of such members having inwardly disposed ledges or flanges 4 to support filling or spacing members 6 which are shored independently of thcgirder dr beam centering. The girder or beam centerin may be made in standard lengths and may lapped when a plurality of sections are necessary to span the distance between columns. The spacing or filling members forming the bottoms of the girder or beam molds are supported and shored in a manner precisely similar to that indicated with respect to the floor centering. When constructing the floor and beam or girder, it is necessary, of course, that the concrete for the floor, and its joists when the latter form part of the same,-shall flow and become in tegrally connected with the concrete of the girdeqand hence itis necessary to provide means whereby the ends of the floor centers may be filled to prevent the escape of concrete, such filling means to be of "suflicient strength and resistance as to support such concrete when ithas been poured into place and in Figs. 1, a, 6,18,19, 2o, 21 and 22,i

this result. I

In Figs. 1, 3 and 6 I have shown a filler for the ends ofthe cor. centers, consisting of aplate-IZ, of substantially the same contour as *saidfloor centers. IThis plate may be secured'in p'osition in many ways, but I have'shown it as provided with a plurality of clamping'portions 18, which embrace the upper portion, ofthe girder centering and the "support -for"the' same, such clamping into the forms, the latter may be provided with projections 19, in the top wall of the same, formed by slitting and bending down a-portion of the. metal, as'show-n in Fig. 1. In lieu of this the ends of the forms may be provided with angle members 19 as shown in i3, 16, 19 351310122.

Another manner "of accomplishing the desiredresnlt is to fill the ends of the iloor centering with a sectional member such as is shown in'Fig. 18. This comprises members 20, hinged at 21 and filling the curved porbraced by a Wedging member 22 which may be held in place b a bolt 23. J These filler blocks are prefer-a ly of a removable typelin order that they may be dislodged prior to other portions of the structure, and if desired, they may cap the arched center's 'and be removed with the same. In all instances they must be so connected to the floor centers as to resist the flow of the concrete through the ends of thesame, and to be readily removable permitting the dislodgment of the several metal forms. In some instances it may be desirable to form the girdercentering with projections in line with the floor centering and over which the latter might-fit, but'as this construction demands perfect correlation between the beam centering and the floor ceng tering, it tends to destroy complete ada'pta: bility of the structure forming the subject of my invention, and hence I do not prefer to use the same. In other instances it may be desirable to rabbetfthe ends of the floor centering and combine-the same with, a

modified form of girder centering. In such instance I arrange the floor centers as shown in Figs. 20 and 21, the tops of such centers being cut and split in the manner shown so as to lap and form a substantially horizontal portion 24, the parts of which may be riveted together. The otherwise open ends of this form of center will have filling blocks or plates 17 to prevent the flow ofv concrete In addition to the centering forms for the floor and the beams or girders, it is necessary to provide centering for the lintels of the building, such structures being those portions of the outer walls between the col umns. The arrangement of the centering for this purpose is fully shown in Fig. 22. One side of such centering consists substantially of one of the beam or girder forms or centers, suitably shored and having the ends of the fioor centers resting thereon. The usual fillingmember for the end of the fioor centerin will be combined with such lintel form. n the outer side of* the lintel a metal plate will be mounted which will be a metal bracket 25, carried by the shoring timbers. formed will be closed by a filling or spacing member 6, independently shored as described.- In this instance, as in all the other forms of the centering described and illustrated, the filling or spacing members may rest directly upon the ledges 4 01- 4 of the centering sections, or upon spacing strips carried by said ledges.

The centering for the floors, beams, girders and lintels before referred to is to be supported by suitable staging or shoring, which may be adjustable in height and is preferably braced at intervals in order that -it may be completely self-supporting. In

the arrangement of this staging, I proceed to erect supports for the girder or beam cen- The bottom of the lintel.

tering extending between the columns, and these supports will range in parallel lines at the proper designated distance apart. Such supports will consist of uprights carrying short cross-pieces 31 at the upper ends set at right angles thereto and designed to support. the lower portion of the girder or beam'cencross pieces of the uprights while the upper projection is supported by the longitudinal members carried by the upper end of the angle struts.

When it is desired to form a beam or girder for use with a floor, roof or ceiling, I provide a supporting structure of the character shown in Figs. 1 and 3. In this structure, I provide the shoring just described;

The longitudinal supporting members,v 33 running'the length of the floor section to be built also receive the ends of the floor centering forms. Disposed at right angles to the floor centering and carried by the longitudis nal members 33Y as well as'the cross-pieces 31 are the angle plates 16 which serve as a combined support and form for the beam or girder to be poured. The lower inner edges of these members 16 have inwardly projecting portions 4 upon wl iich I may mount r strips supporting a fillingmember 6. Such filling member is shored independently of the centering members 16 so'that if it is 'desired to remove said latter members, together with the floor centers or supports at any time prior to the final setting or hardening of the concrete, it may be. done without affecting the actual support of the beam. In erecting the shoring, I employ self-supporting 'removable base members 35, which, may be temporarily secured to the uprights 30, by means of metal straps 36, and when two rows of said uprights have been erected'the proper distance apart, they may be connected together and braced bysuitable cross members diagonally placed, after which the bases may be removed and employed for the erection of a further set of shoring uprights.

Between each set of beam centering forms the centering forms for the floor slabs are -mounted, and these maybe in sections extending the full length between beams or in menace for the beam forms. The vertical members of the shoring may he provided with sleeves 37 forming sockets which may be slidable with respect thereto and supported by pins 38 passing through said vertical members, or

the sockets may be fixed. Below the socket portion a section 39 is provided which determines the actual height of the shore; such section being out before use so that its length combined with the upper portion ofthe vertical support will be suilicient' to fill the desired distance between the base and the under side of the bottom of the beam or girder form. To support the centerin I may employ uprights 40 having slo ted metal caps 41, as fully shown in Fig. 23, to

receive a board 42 set edgewise, which board may be of a dimension substantially one inch by six inches, or any other convenient size available. These centering supports or forms will be disposed intermediate the supporting means for the spacing or filling members underlying the joists, and independently: of the latter, so that when removed the metal forms can be removed without interfering with the spacing support which sustain the load of concrete.

As before indicated and as shown in the drawings, the filling or spacing members 6 forming the bottom of the joist molds of the,

floor centering are disposed between the side walls of the sections of such centering. These supports may be metal sheets or boards, andwhen it is desired to shorten the depth of the joist, a number of filling members may be placed at this point to cut down the amount of concrete employed. The sup ports for these spacing members will consist of uprights 45 carrying at their upper ends cross pieces 46 disposed in line with said supporting spacing members, and by preference I employ metal members secured to the upper endsof said uprights and they may be of a length not less than two feet, or any other suitable length desired, although their length will depend very largely upon the width of the well between the girders. By

' this arrangement, the metal centering forms,

nominally supporting by far the lesser bulk of the concrete, may be removed after two or three days; the shoring 45 beneath the filling or spacing members underlying the joists being left in place until the concrete sets, and the metal forms thus removed may be employed for another portion of the floor or another structure without the long wait usually necessary when wooden forms with the usual shoring are employed which must remain in place the full period.

The members forming the several shoring uprights areconnected together by sleeves, which may be permanently secured to one portion of such uprights or detachably held by meansof pins. The board or supporting member 42 carried by the metal caps may also be temporarily secured thereto by re movable pins; such connections facilitating the removal of such shoring. The shoring for the beam and girder forms may be bolted together, if desired; such bolts being readily removable .when the centering is to be re- I moved. It will be understood that all of the shoring is in place before the concrete is poured so that in removing the shoring for the centering and subsequently the centering itself there will be no disturbance of the shoring underlying the beams or girders, or

the lintels and the joists of the floor slabs. Inthe erection of monolithic structures, it is, of course, understood that the walls and columns .will be joined integrally with the floors, beams and girders, and in a companion application filed February 10, 1909, Serial No. 477,048, I have shown the further embodiment of my-invention consisting of column and wall supports of metal, preferably of channel shape, strengthened and reinforced and adjustable for various purposes. These forms will be available for use with the beam or girder and floor centering monolithic structures.

Although I have described the use of wooden timbers for the purpose of providing shoring for supporting the centering structures, it will be obvious that I may employ tubular or semi-tubular supports of metal, preferably telescoping, with pins or other means whereby they may be adjusted vertically and held when so adjusted. In the use of' such metal supports,-- I may employ tension rods or cords connectedto the floor at one end and connected at regular intervals to said supports, such stays running in both directions so that the members forming the supports will be maintained in proper vertical position with respect to any and all forms of centering which they support. It will be understood, of course, that these metal members may carry the metal cap pieces before described, in the one instance to support the spacing members beneath the joists, and in in order to effect the formation of integral,

the other instance to support the notched or channel.

adjacent members, clamps in engagement 'With said side Walls for retaining the spacingmeans in place, and independent supports for said spacingmeans.

5. Centering for concrete floor and ceiling construction, comprising flanged members having substantially horizontal portions between said flanges, said members being spaced apart, supports for said flanged members, bridging pieces overlying the spaces between said flanged members, and independent supports for said'bridging pieces.

6. Centering for concrete construction, comprising metallic girder forms spaced apart and presenting T-shaped spaces when set in place, lateral-flanges carried by said girder forms,filling pieces mounted on said flanges,separable bottoms mounted on said filling pieces, supports for the girder forms, and independent supports for said bottoms. 7. Centering for concrete construction, comprising metallic girder forms made up of a pair of integral angled members spaced apart and presenting T-shaped spaces when set in place, lateral flanges carried by said girder forms, filling pieces mounted on said flanges, separable bottoms mounted on said filling pieces, supports for the girder forms,

1 independent supports for said bottoms, and

floor centering disposed at right angles to.

said girder forms and having its ends supported by the same.

8. Centering for concrete girder, floor and ceiling construction, comprising metallic members substantially L-shaped in cross section, lateral flanges carried by the lower part of said L-shaped members, bottom pieces serving as spacing'and filling members mounted on said flanges, supports forsaid l.-shaped forms, independent supports for the bottom pieces, metallic floor or ceiling forms having their ends mounted on said L-shaped members and disposed sub stantially at right angles to the latter, and independent supports for said floor or ceiling forms. 7

9. Centering for concrete girder, floor and ceilingconstruction, comprising metalforthe ends of said channel forms clamped lic girder forms substantially lL-shaped in cross section and spaced apart,- supports for the same, filling pieces disposed between the substantially vertical Walls of said l.=-sh'aped members, independent supports for said filling pieces, channel sections forming floor or ceiling form's disposed at right angles to the girder forms and having their ends mounted on the latter, and filling pieces to-tlie 'rder fornis.---

10.- entering for concrete. girder, floor and ceiling construction, comprising metallic girder forms substantially EL-shaped in cross section and spaced apart, supports for the same, filling pieces disposed between the substantially vertical Walls of said L-shaped' members, independent supports'for said fil'lingpieces, channel sections forming floor or ceiling forms disposed at right angles to the girder forms and having their ends mounted'on the latter,

fillingpieces for the ends of said channel forms clamped to the girder forms, and means carried by said channel sections to brace the upper ends of said filling pieces.

11. Removable centering for concrete floor orceili'ng and beam'c'onstruction, comprising arched metallic members of unitary section transversely, spacing members supported between the side walls of adjacent metallic members, shoring for the metallic members, shoring for the spacing members disposed independently of the shoring for the metallic members, the latter being independently removable, a plurality of angle members of unitary section transversely forming beam molds disposed at right angles to the metallic members and supporting one end of'the latter, and filling means for the ends of the arched metallic members prising arched metallic members of unitary section transversely, spacing'members supported between the side walls of adjacent metallic members, shoring for the metallic members, shoring for the spacing members disposed independently of the shoring for the metallic members, the latter being independentlyremovable, a plurality of angle members! of unitary section transversely forming beam molds disposed at right angles to the metallic members and supporting one end the latter, filling means for the ends of the arched metallic members, and clamps for securing said filling means in place whereby a completely closed centering form is provided for the molding of a floor or ceiling slab and beam in a solid monolithic mass.

13. Centering for concrete floor and beam constructlo'n, comprlsmg arched metallic members formlng floor forms, sa1d members having projectin flanges, spacing members mounted on sai flanges, arched, metallic members, ing for the spacing members, and metal caps carried by the shoring for the spacing members, the shoring for the metallicmembers being removable to permit their withdrawal shoring for the while the shoring for the spacing members is maintained in place and supports the floor during the period of setting.

14. Centering for concrete floor and. beam construction, comprising arched metallic members forming floo'r forms, said n1embers having projecting flanges, spacing members supported by sa1d flanges, shoring for posed at right angles to the metallic floorthe metallic members, shoring for the spacing members mounted independently of the shoring for the metallic membersyangle sections forming beam molds and supports -dissupports and arranged to support one end of the same, filling means for the ends of the metallic floor supports whereby the floor slab and beam may be molded in a solid monolithic mass, and means carried by the floor forms for engaging said filling means.

15. Centering for concrete floor and beam independent shon,

construction, comprising arched metallic members forming floor forms, spaclng members mounted between said arched metallic members, shoring for the metallic members, shoring for the spacing members mounted independently of the shoring for the metal- 7 lie members, angle sections forming beam 1 for the beam molds or forms, and independent shoring for the spacing meansdisposed between the same.

16. The combination with arched metallic members forming centering supports for the same, of a plurality of-filling members disposed between the side walls of said metallic members, and independent supports for said filling members. I

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

, GEO. E. DALE.

Witnesses:

MURRAY 0. Berna, J 0s. H. KLEIN.

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