US2217675A

US2217675A - Concrete building structure

Info

Publication number: US2217675A
Application number: US223840A
Authority: US
Inventors: Deuel Clyde
Original assignee: ED WESTBERG; HARRY NAFTALIN; LOUIS L SWARTHE
Current assignee: ED WESTBERG; HARRY NAFTALIN; LOUIS L SWARTHE
Priority date: 1938-08-09
Filing date: 1938-08-09
Publication date: 1940-10-15
Anticipated expiration: 1957-10-15

Description

Oct. l5, 1940. C, DEUEL CONCRETE BUILDING STRUCTURE 2 Sheets-Sheet l Filed Aug. 9, 1958 Z/ Z0 ZZ 27 Z8 INVENTOR. dwf faa 4x/1.4%( cui. e.. .XS

0611.15, 1940. r C Q DEUYEL I 2,217,675

CONCRETE BUILING STRUCTURE Filed Aug. 9, 1938 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 a YE DEUEL A TTORNEYS.

IN VEN TOR.

BY www Patented Oct. 15, 1940 UNITED STATES CONCRETE BUILDING STRUCTURE Clyde Deuel, Los Angeles,

Calif., assignor to Ed Westberg, Harry Naftalin, and Louis L. Swarthe,

as trustees Application August 9,' 1938, Serial No. 223,840

3 Claims.

This invention relates to building construction and particularly pertains to a concrete building structure and the method of making the same.

At the present time it is usual practice to provide forms Within which cementitious material may be poured and allowed to set in producing the walls and other structural elements of a building when the building is made of concrete or the like. This procedure requires that the forms must be subsequently removed in order to prepare the walls or other elements for nal use. In the event that hollow walls are required it is also necessary to remove core elements from the walls so that the cavities will be cleared. This procedure requires a. large amount of equipment which must be set up for producing the wall forms and which must be removed after the work has been completed. The labor involved is a considerable item of expense in addition to the fact that the wear and tear upon the forms makes it necessary for them-to require considerable repair in order to keep them in operating. condition.

It is the principal object of the present invention to provide a method and means of forming building structures of cementitious material which contemplates the use of pre-cast cementitious elements as forms or backing members, and against which, or around which, additional cementitious material is placed to produce the wall configuration and to unite withthe pre-cast wall forms to provide a monolithic wall structure having a. definite determined strength and being of the shape and dimensions required, the same as though the structural member had been formed at one time from cementitious material, all of which operation and construction is simple and relatively inexpensive.

The present invention contemplates the construction of pre-cast elements serving the dual purpose of form structures and permanentbuilding elements, and which pre-cast elements are assembled to provide a suitable building structure and are thereafter covered to a desired thickness with cementitious material by hand or mechanical appliances, whereby the iinal building structure is produced.

The invention is illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is an enlarged view in vertical section showing a wall of the type here disclosed, and further indicating fragmentary portions of a oor and roof.

Fig. 2 is a view in transverse section through the wall as seen through the line 2-2 of Figure 1.

Fig. 3 is a view shown at reduced scale indieating a horizontal section of wall built according to the structure with which the present invention is concerned and particularly discloses a corner structure.

Fig. 4 is a view in plan showing the corner of 5 a wall embodying the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a view in horizontal section showing an intermediate Wa11 pilaster, indicating the manner in which a. partition element is adapted thereto. 'I l0 Fig. 6 is a view in vertical position disclosing a oor or roof joist structure.

Fig. 7 is a view in perspective drawn at reduced scale and showing one of the shell structures.

Fig. 8 is a view in horizontal section showing l5 the method of assembling the shell structure shown in Fig. '1 around a colunm.

Fig. 9 is a fragmentary view showing the method of utilizing a shell element in forming a roof and cornice.

Referring more particularly to the drawings, I0 indicates a wall footing, here shown as comprising a foundation portion I I and a vertical portion I2. 'I'he vertical portion may continue horizontally in a iioor I3. The oor level is indicated at 25 I4. Directly above the vertical portion is a horizontal face I5 which is preferably on a plane lower than the floor level I4, and provides an abutment I 6 limiting inward movement of thev pre-cast wall elements I1. The pre-cast wall elements Il lcomprise a front wall I8, which is shown as being relatively thin in thickness and which is bound along its top by a header I9 and along opposite vertical edges by studding sections 20. 'I'he structure is thus composed of a flat wall I8 bound on three sides by flanged headers I8 and 20, as particularly shown in Fig. 7 of the drawings. In this particular form of the invention the upper edge of the pre-cast wall elements I'I is at right angles to the front vertical face of 40 the wall I8, as indicated at 2i. 'I'he inner face of the header I8 is inclined, as indicated at 22-, thus suitably reinforcing the header I9 at the point of its juncture with the wall portion. The studding portions of the pre-cast wall element Il flare outwardly and oppositely from the wall I8, and thus when they are arranged side by side in their permanently assembled position, as shown in Fig. 2 of the drawings, they will cause a V-- shaped throat 23 to occur between their outer inclined faces 24.

'Ihe wall portions I8 are strengthened by suitable reinforcing elements 25. These reinforcing elements are preferably sheets of reticulated material, such for example as electrically welded 5s mesh, and where desired the marginal edges of this mesh are arranged to extend beyond the edges of the shell, as particularly shown in Fig. '1. By this arrangement it is possible to use these extending edges as connecting means for binding the pre-cast wall elements together prior to applying cementitious material thereover. The marginal flanges I9 and 20 which form the joist and studding sections are likewise reinforced and carry longitudinally extending reinforcing rods 26. When the pre-cast elements are assembled, it is evident that the reinforcing rods 26 may be tied together, if desired, to hold the pre-cast elements in a desired erected position.

The thickness of the pre-cast elements agrees substantially with the width of face I5 on the footing, thus the lower face of the pre-cast elements rests directly upon the face I5 and is held against inward movement by the abutment of the edge face of the studding portions 20 with the shoulder I6.

The pre-cast wall elements have preferably been made over a form upon which cementitious material has been applied. In order to create the proper strength and texture for the pre-cast element it is desirable to apply the cementitious material by pneumatic force, such as would be obtained by the use of the device shown in U. S.

Patent No. Re. 20,440, issued to Westberg et al.

on the 6th day of July, 1937, and entiud Concrete conveying and mixing machine. Due to the fact that this type of machine will apply the cementitious material with considerable force, it is evident that the mass of material `will be compacted so that a minimum amount of material may be used to obtain a maximum strength.

In forming a roof or floor structure in accord- Iance with the teachings of the present invention,

pre-cast elements 21 are formed having flat wall portions 28, the marginal edges of which are bound by flanges 29 forming joists. These marginal flanges have outwardly inclined faces 30 which, when assembled adjacent to each other, form a V-shaped throat 3|. l

In the forms of the invention shown in Figs. 3 to 6 of the drawings the fundamental theory of the invention is the same as that disclosed in Figs. 1, 2 and '1; however, the shape of the outer faces of the flanges on the pre-cast elements are slightly different. These elements are formed with substantially flat faces 33 interrupted by longitudinal grooves 34. The longitudinal grooves of contiguous faces 33 are in register when the forms are disposed in an assembled position, and thus provide a space into which a key 35 of cementitious material may be poured or shot to bind the elements together. The portions of the faces 33 nearest the edges of the flanges of the pre-cast elements are spaced slightly apartl to form a throat 36 into which cementitious material may fill and by which a more effective bond will be produced.

As shown in Figs. 3, 4 and 5 of the drawings, it may be desirable to provide wall and corner posts 31 to` which the pre-cast elements are keyed, as previouslyfdescribed. Appropriate faces of the posts aea'frmed with grooves 34 which receive the bondingimaterial. In order to properly tie the pre-cast floor and roof elements 21 to the wall, tie sections 38 may be provided, as particularly shown in Fig. 6, and may be interlocked with sills 39. The tie sections 38 have horizontal slabs 40 and marginal joist flanges 4|. Certain of these flanges will be assembled in close proximity to similar joist flanges on the elements 21, as previously described. The lateral flanges are formed with extension portions 42 having downwardly extending lugs 43, which tvwithin grooved recesses 44 of the sills 33, and thus hold the entire structure in interlocked 5 relation.

By reference to Fig. 8 of the drawings, it will be seen that the pre-cast form elements are arranged around a column, even though their flange faces are disposed at an angle to the normal square of the column. It will be evident, however, that this arrangement will not preclude the possibility of a proper practice of the present invention.

Referring particularly to Fig. 9 of the drawings, it will be seen that the wall portion IB of a pre-cast element is formed with obliquely disposed wall members and 5I. by which the form of a roof and its overhanging eave may be made. These members receive cementitious material on both of their sides, as indicated at 62 and 53, and thus combine with the form to make a monolithic roof structure. Upon this roof structure tile or other roof covering 54 may be placed.

In forming and using the elements with which the present invention is concerned it is rst necessary to make the pre-cast form elements of desired dimensions. As previously stated, these may be made by forcefully applying cementitious material to the surface of the form until the desired thickness has been placed thereon, and which is preferably placed by the use of pneumatic means,y such as shown in the aforementioned Westberg et al. Patent No. Re. 20,440. The footings I0 may then be made and the floor may be poured or shot. It may be desirable to apply the floor to a rock fill I3. After this has been done and the horizontal faces I5 have been properly trued up, the pre-cast wall elements I1 may then be assembled with relation to each other and with relation to a wall post 31 or the like. It will be understood that the pre-cast elements may be held together by some temporary support or that they may be tied together by the reticulated material 25, after which the roof elements may be assembled and suitably supported in their intended nal position. The outer edges of the outermost ceiling elements may rest upon the upper faces 2| of the members I9. Cementitious material is then applied to the outer faces of these assembled elements; this is preferably done by the aid of a machine of the type disclosed in the Westberg Patent No. Re. 20,440, in which instance the cementitious material is forcefully applied to the outer surfaces of the portions I8 and 28 of the pre-cast elements I1 and 21. It will also be evident that the cementitious material is directed into the V-shaped throats 23 between the studding flanges 20 and the V-shaped throats 3| between the joist flanges 29.

Attention is directed to the fact that in forming the wall and roof structure as shown in Fig. 1, and as shown in Fig. 9, a bond beam 60'is formed above the pre-cast wall elements I1 and against the pre-cast ceiling elements 21. These bond beams are suitably reinforced by reinforcing 6| and act to cooperate with the footing I2 and the surface coatings 46 to construct a cornplete monolithic building structure of sufficient strength to serve such purposes as are necessary in connection with the building of a residence, office building or industrial buildings.

After the cementitious material has been ap- 75 plied to a desired thickness, the surface of the material, while in a plastic state, may then be troweled, scraped or otherwise acted upon to give a desired surface configuration to it. The material is then allowed to set and to form a homogeneous union with the surface of the precast elements so that the final building structure will be monolithic in its entirety, tied together by suitable reinforcing elements and having a desired strength obtained by the use of a minimum amount of material.

It will also be evident that after the cementitious material has been applied to the surface of the structure there will not be any forms to remove since the forms erected were made of cementitious material and were consolidated within the walls and other parts of the building structure. After the structure has been set it may be desirable to apply inner wall and ceiling slabs 45 which may be tied into position suitably and will cover the backs of the precast elements Il and 2l so that any desired interior treatment may then be followed, thus the pre-cast elements will be covered on their inner faces by the slabs 45 and on the other faces by the mass of cementitious material generally indicated at 4B.

It will thus be seen that the structure here disclosed is entirely fire-proof, that it may be made without the use of concrete forms and that when it is complete it will provide a structure having a desired strength obtained by the use of. a minimum amount of cementitious material, forming a monolithic building.

While I have shown the preferred form of my invention and the preferred method of producing the same, it is to be understood that various changes may be made in the combination, construction and arrangement of parts of the structure, and that variations may be made in the steps of the process by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention as claimed.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A monolithic building structure comprising a plurality of pre-cast members having a plane .surface for receiving a coating of cementitious materialwalndmarginal flanges along the sids of said plane surface, the end flanges having square faces at right angles to the plane surface and the side flanges being outwardly flaring whereby when the side flanges of contiguous units are placed in abutting relation to each other an ,outwardly presented V-shaped groove Will be provided, said pre-cast unit 'having reinforcing therein extending from the marginal flanges to tie the flanges of contiguous units together, after which the outer face of said precast units land the grooves between the units have applied thereto a surface coating of cementitious material acting to form an outer binding skin for the entire structure and producing a monolithic casting.

2. A monolithic building structure comprising a plurality of pre-cast cementitious units for forming walls and ceilings, said units of themselves being of lesser,y strength than required for building purposes, afooting on ich the precast Wall units rest, saidunits pres nting an outer flat vertical receiving face, an en flange at the upper end thereof at right angls to said face and extending horizontally, side anges extending vertically 4along opposite edes of said faceA portion and flaring outwardly nd toward the inside of the wall structure w ereby V-shaped grooves will be formed between contiguous vertical flanges of pre-cast units, he ceiling units having horizontal slab portion and downwardly extending flanges which flare outwardly, whereby V-shaped grooves w' be formed between ilanges of contiguous ceiling units, thel ceiling units being disposed wi h the lower edges of their flanges in the horizntal plane of the end faces of the wall sections and resting thereupon and in offset relation t ereto, said wall being completed by the appliation of a surface coating of cementitious m -erial to the outer faces of the slabs to fill the V-shaped grooves occurring between the flanges on the slabs and to form a horizontal bond vfbeam upon the upper horizontal faces of the wall slabs and against the vertical faces of the ceiling slabs, whereby the initial strength o f the various pre-cast slab units will be supplemented to a degree meeting building requirements, and the units will be permanently tied together to form a part of a monolithic building structure.

3. A monolithic building construction comprising a plurality of pre-cast cementitious building units forming a slab portion having an outer plane face bounded along the marginal edges by flanges flaring outwardly from said slab, the structure being relatively thin in thickness and incorporating a sheet of reinforcing material, thev edges of which project outwardly from the v"edgespf the flanges to provide tying means between the reinforcing material of contiguous units, which units when assembled form a wall or ceiling structure and over the outer surfaces of which a coating of cementitious material is applied to provide bond ribs between the contiguous angular faces of the flanges of the units and a surface coating integral therewith, where- 'by the pre-cast units, the intermediate bond ribs and the coating will combine to form a monolithic building structure.

' CLYDE DEUEL.