US2187223A - Plastering system - Google Patents

Description

M. M. CORY PLAS'IERING SYSTEM Jan. 16, 1940.

Filed Se t. 22,- 1936 3&5

3 Sheets-Sheet 1 lnvenlor Mqrcus M. Cory.

filial-neg.

Jan. 16, M CORY PLASTERING SYSTEM Filed Sept. 22, 1936 3 Sheets-$heet 2 Ill $22? 2 avaxigyiti K wi ' wimixwim Invenior.

flllornry.

M. M. CORY PLASTERING SYSTEM Filed Sept. 22. 1936 Jan. 16, 1940.

3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Inve ni'or. Marcus M. Corg- J n.16,1940 we Patented e 2,187,223 PLASTERING-SHYSTEM 9 l {Marcus M. Cory San Diego,

Application Sep ember 22, 1936, Serial No.10 1,953

8 claims. (01. 72-130) invention relates generally to methods of and means for forming. plaster or cement .walls and ceilings; including solid as well as hollow types of, both o'utsideand inside walls. The invention isjparticularly. applicable to formation and finishingrofythe outsidetof outer plastered onstucco walls and ceiling, though cement or other materials mayrbe handled according to the.

sarheprocrgssyand: will be understood to be inin cluded within the scope of the invention and of "the; appended..-clairnsg 1 e l The primary object of the invention is to provide an extremelyarapid and at the same time inexpensive methodpi forming walls andceilings of plaster, cementitious; and, similar materials,

H and of forming ornamental beads or moldings, if j desired, in thesameoperation, or by themselves.

In accordance witlrtheinvention, there isprovided a comparativelyjlarge smooth plane sur 20 face or troweL and means whereby this trowel mayxbe movedjandguided along the surface of the wall to be constructed. The plaster is placed from a position to the 'rear of the wall being formed by hand orwith use of mechanical means 25 such.as;alcement gunjagainst the surface of this trowel. Thetrowel isintermittently or slowlymoved ,along the plane ofthis wall, and the .plasteris placedagainst it and built up to requisite thickness. The moving trowel finishes the .30 surfaceiofitheplaster so placed against it, and is passed .butonce over the wall surface. Solid or cored wallsmay be formed. by the use of two i such trowels I moved along as the wall is built,

' whichlfinishes both Iwall surfaces at one operation. .In this case the cementitious material is placed between theltwo trowels or finishing surfaces fromabove or from the open side.

Asa niqdificationwhich is useful insome ciroumstances, paperfpr clothfis so placed that it acts a's thefinishing mold and lies between the plaster ibeing plae'ed andjtheiorm or trowel which lis movedalongback of theupoint of placement 5 Somet iiries itisadvantageous to have this paper in a'rollon the back side ofifthe trowel and lead itirom theroll acrossfthe face .of the form, the paper-being fasteneduto the' plaster or cement at the starting-corner. The paper is allowed to remain onithe iplaster until thoroughlyset and is then removed. Diflerent textures of finish are obtained by, using difi'erenttextures of paper. In certain instances, forms correspondv the surface, Also, in some instancesfblocks or tile or otherparticles are placed in the surface of the plaster or cementby first pastingthemon thepaper or cloth, and which thus become imbedded in the wall:surface.

Various objects and features'of theinvention will appear and be made apparent in the following detailed description of present illustrative forms of the invention, reference for this purpose 1 being had in the accompanying drawings, in

which: 3p

Fig. 1 shows the upper portion of theexterior wall of atwoj-sto'ry building being .plasteredin accordance with the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a view of the lower portion of the f same exterior wall; 7 l l i Fig. 3 is a vertical section taken on line 33 of Fig. 1; 1 v i Fig. 4 is a vertical section taken on line 4 ofFig. 2; .f f

Fig. 4ashows a modification of trowel guiding means; Fig. 5 is arear elevational View of the trowel; Fig. 6 is a view taken asindicatedby line 6-6. oiFig.5;:f Fig. 7 is a view showing amodification; Fig. 8 is ayview taken on line 8 -8 of Fig-.7; Fig. 9 is. a view showing a further modiflcation;.- 1 l Fig. 10 is aview taken online; [0-5-40 of Fig. 9;

. and

Fig. 11 is a'view showing a stillfurther modiflf cation, in which both surfaces of a wall are formed and finishedin the same operation.

Referring flrstto Figs. 1 to 7,.inclusive, I, indifoundation walls are indicated at 12, lower and upper floor joistsare indicated at l4 and 15, respectively, concrete floor slabs areshown at l6, flooring at Ilia, andceilings at! 1. Wall studding (of woodor.SteeIIQisindicated,at l9, andl at l9a are indicated framing members surround-' ing the Window openings. Wire mesh ,reen forc ing for the plaster is indicated at 2l,.being shown as stretchedover columns II and studding, IS.

The inventionis here illustrated as applied to a building having a fire wall or parapet,2 5,and the reenforcing wire mesh j 2l is shown as stretched up overthe'top of the inner frame work of said firewall and down back of its inner surface, as clearly indicated'in Fig. 3. The'reen- 1 5 forcing screen is also stretched within the windowopenin'gs defined bymembers I9a, as indicated in Fig. 4.

The vertical plane of the outer surface of the wall to be constructed is indicated in Figs. 3 and 4 at W. A large finishing form or trowel 30, in the present instance of substantially the vertical I dimension of. a-story of the building, is positioned with its inner vertical finishing surface "3| in wall plane W. I Though this trowel member may ..bemechanicallyconstructed invarious ways, I

here show a preferredconstruction in which the trowel is made up of a series of horizontally extending sections, 32 placed edge to edgeand con nected at theback by suitable frame work. For' instance, as shown in Figs. 5 and fi the backj surface of each trowel section 32 is, provided with a pair of spacer members 33. Angle irons,

such as indicated at 34 and 35, are screwed to he esn ermemhe s,.as-b screws 5 to secure adjacent sections together. To enable readily changing the number of trowel sections used,

' these angle ironsare preferably used in pairs,

comprising upper members 3,4 and lower membersfib theupperand lower members of each pair being arrangedwiththeir flanges 31 in engagementwith one another as shown in Fig. 5. Theseengaging flanges are secured together by bolts, 38,, It, will; be evident that' the trowel may be assembled with diiferentnumbers of trowel sections depending upon the extent of overlap of angle irons 34 and 35.

to extend over the top of and For thespecific use illustratedinFig. 3, the

: trowel is formedat the .top in such a manner as behind fire wall 25, as indicated;at 40., c c 1 Guide means are provided forthe trowel whereby the -trowelis movable in a hcriaontal direction in the plane W of the wall surface to be formed. For instance, the trowel shownin Figs. l and 3 is'provided at the bottom with rollers ?..sunrorted onm un nss 3 n t ow en of its ang le iron s. 35, which'runfin a traclgfl mounted on brackets 46 temporarily secured to i the building, structure, as by being bolted to vertical columns H. The otherhorizontal edge of thei rowe which i t n ance o issa d 3 overhangs fire wall 25, is likewise provided withrollers 48 running in a track 49supported by the building structure. These tracks and rollers support the'trowel with its smooth surface. in plane W, and guide the trowel for horizontal linear movement in said plane.

' The leading 'andtrailingedges of the trowel are beveled or, rounded as atttd, and the surfacejl, of the trowel is usually as smooth as possible, In some instancesit is desirable to uincreasenthe.smoothnessof the t TOWel bythe use.. of.,oil, wax, etc., an'd in certainjjnstancesl mayface the. trowel with suitable materials such as vulcanized rubber, etc- I'heplastering operation is carried on as fol.-

lows: The; trowel-is.first positioned on its tracks at :one end-.of-thesurface to-be'plastered, for

instance at theyleft handend of'the wall surfaceshown in Fig.1.

The plaster is then placed against .this trowel, from the rear, and this is preferably, though not necessarily, done with: a

plasteror cement gun 6050f any known or appropriate type, in the hands. of 'the plasterer (seeFig'. 3). Whenareenforcing'screen or mesh is used, the pla steris thus shot from the gun through such-screen and agains t surface 3l of the trowel, and is sobuiltnp to the wallthickness desired. The plaster thus shot or placed against the trowel is indicated at P in Fig. 3.

When the surface 3! of the trowel has been nearly coveredwith plaster, and the plaster has been built up to the thickness desired, a second operator moves the trowel forwardly on its tracks. In so moving, the trowel finishes the surface of the plaster already placed, and also keeps up with the plasterer handling the gun. Thus, the plasterer handling thegun, works along the wall, building up the wall toproper thickness from bottom to top, and the trowel is moved just suf- .ficiently fast to keep up with the plastering operation, .the trowel always presenting a backingup surface against which the plaster is discharged. It will beevident that the trowel may be moved jcontinuouslyor intermittently, though in either to partially or wholly set before moving the trowel, in which case more than one trowel may be used on the work. The operators after placing cement back of one trowel, go to another and another and the first one is moved just before the man with the cement gun gets ready for it in its new position In such a case, of course, the trowel members may not be moved in the plane of the wall surface.

The trowel preferably passes but once over the wall surface, and it will be evident that by this method a plaster or cement wall may be constructed with great rapidity.

A. convenient means for'moving the traveling trowel is indicated in Fig. l of the drawings. A cable 62 is attached to the trowel, as in the manner illustratedand this cable is passed over a guide pulley 63 and down to-a winding mechanism 64 turned by the second operator.

Figs, 2 and 4 show the second stage in the plastering of the side wall of the two-story building illustrated in'the drawings. The trowel 3t! in this instance is flat from top to bottom, except for the curvature at its leading and trailns ed es, s f s t ,The track 45a at'the bottom is the, same as before. Theupper track and guide roller, however, support and guide the trowel from the back. Thus, angle irons 34 carry rearwardly extending rollers 61 whichengage in a track B8,carried by a bracket 69 supported by false workgenerally indicated at 10. The track and rollers at the lower edge of the trowel carry theweight of the trowel, while track 68 and rollers 61 backup the trowel and hold it up to wall" plane W. The trowel is of. sufiicient heightto overlap and engageaportionof the outer surface of the previously laid second story half-of the wall, and this engagement holds the trowel; against tilting inwardly; In plastering a one-story building or wall surface, the track and rollersatthe lower edge of the trowel are duplicated at the upper edgeof the trowel,,=as indicated at 4212 and 46b, respectively, in Fig. 51a.

- Where the height of 'a vertical wall requires more than one level of placement, as in Figs. 1 to 4, it is generally preferable to place the top level first and to Work downwardly. This procedure keeps; the workcleaner, and the'joints betweensuccessivelylaid sections will slope in the paper direction wast s; leakage-through the wallfr ra n etc. i l ,fTl'iefwindow andfdoor] openingsuare treated in the following manner. aflseparatefiform is used for each bi;'the surfacesnot in thelarge wall .planeto be ifor ned bythelarge' mold or r instance, indicatedfin Fig. 4, a 'builtgand placed in the window opening, its top it, bottom ll immerses ltfbeing e e ..wii iez framing members tile. This opening form or box previously mentioned window 1 extends out to thefinished surface plane .W, and the back ofthe form is closed, as atiid,

re pect the plaster. lhe plaster is filled inhetween this form and framing memberellla, as indicated atfli i tl'ius providing plaster window 9 opening surfacesiflld i It will be evident that the molcl or trowel may be of anysi'ze or shape appropriate to the work to be done, and that it may be {positioned and Wallsurfaces, as for instance ceilings, A given trowel of the construction described is adjustable to work ofdifferent types and siaessimply by removing or adding sectionawhich areheld together by the rigid frame members 36, 35.

, Moldings, beadsfillets, etc., where desired, are formed either by themselves: or simultaneously withthe wall surface, by use or a special trowel 'I'hus,- the trowel inFig. 3 is shownprovided with sections section having the gjformldesired.

86 formed at d! toprovide ornamental molding 88 near the upper edge of the wallsurface. l

Figs. "7 and 8 show a modification of the method, in which a roll of paper fill-is mounted on the back surface of thetrowel nearits leading 9i supportedby brackets d2 secured to the trowel. The paper illlafrorn the roll is led from the roll around the leading edge of the trowel andacrcss its face, and isfastenedas (Fig. 8) at the beginning end of, thewall to be formed. This paper unrolls as the trowel moves, and is allowed to remain on the plaster or cement until thoroughly dry,'and is then removed. This paper is of use with plasters and cements or certain kinds of consistencieaand is usefulin protecting againstithe sun and too rapid drying. Differs ent textures of f nish are obtained by using different papers of different textures. Moreover, in certain instances, impressions desired in the surface are appliedto the paperand so imprinted on the wall surface If desired, the layer of paper 90a, adhering to the wall surface may of course be drawn off and rolled back up on the roll on the back of the trowel, the trowel simply being moved in reverse directionon its tracks as the paper is re-rolled. it will also beevident that the paper may be used without necessarily supplying it froma roll mounted on the trowel;

broadly,any manner of placing a suitable flexible sheet of paper, or any suitable'equivalent,

in the plane offthe wall surface will serve.

As a further modification, thepaper sea from roll 90 is rolled upas thetrowel moves one roll lllll located on the back or the trowel near its trailing edge; dsindicated in Figs. 9 and 10. Such a method is of advantage, where it is desired to use the paper for the purpose of imprinting a characteristic impression on the wall u -face,

and where it is notdesirable to leave the paper in contact with the wall surface while the wall drys. It will be evident that this roll of paper or. the roll as used in Figs. "7 and 8, may be used to carry tile or other particles" which it is, de-

the surface of the paper before rollingjit up; It has previously been described that insome instancesthe trowel members may not be moved until the wall-material is partially orfwholly 'set,

andin such instances of course, there is no occasion for moving the trowels in the plane of the wall surface. Such a methodis particularly applicable inconnection with use of. a flexible sheet in the plane ofthe wall surface, backed up by the trowel member. .In such an operation, the

wall surface is formed by the texture of the 1 sheet, and thetrowel member may not be moved for the purpose of finishing the surface, but may be allowed to stand until the wall material is partially or wholly set, asheretoforedescribed.

. Thus the trowel members may either have the dual function of backing-up memberand traveling finishing member, or, especiallyin case of use of the flexible sheet, simply the function of backing-up member. The expression trowel as herein defined denotes the members 30 whether said members have both functions, 1. e., backing-up and smoothing, or only the single function of backing-up, and itwill therefore beunderstood that usage of the expression trowel does not,

within the meaning herein adopted, denote or imply travel in the planeofthe wall surface, and that such travel is not necessarily present unless expressly specified.

Fig. 11 shows a modification in whichboth surfaces of a wall are troweled orfinished simultaneously. This method is particularly useful in v constructing solid walls, but may also be used 1 edge, the roll beingjmountedonavertical'axle to form reenforcedor coredwalls; Fig. 11 shows a wall Hi being constructed in accordance with this method. Two trowels are. used, onefor each surface of the wallyand are moved along as the wall is built, the plaster or cementbeing placed between the trowels. The trowelsare moved to keep up with theplastering operation i in the same manner as with thesingle trowel method previously described. Each trowel is provided at the bottom with aroller I06 and track H11, and at its back, near its top, with a roller Ill-5 engaging in a track I09 supportedly by false work llll. As here shown the upper roller is mounted on a vertical axis, and is engaged on both sides by the flanges of the track, which is of channel shape, with its channel facing upwardly. Thus the upper track and roller not only holds the trowel up to the work, but alsoprevents it from tilting inwardly beyond the exterior ,surface of the wall to be formed. It will be evident that this type of roller and track may be used with the trowel of Figs. 3 and 4, if desired. I have now illustrated my invention by way of giving a somewhat detailed description of typical [equipment for carrying it into effect; it is to be understood, however, that various changes in design, structure and arrangement of suchequip tively large surfaced trowel member in the plane of theputer surfaceoi the wall to be constructed, placingthe wall material in a wet state against said trowel from the rearward side of the wall 'to be constructed, said trowel serving as abacking for the wet material as said material is placed in position, and moving said trowel to keep it abreast of :the material as'placed and to finish the outersurface ofsaid material.

I 2. The method of forming a wall of plaster or cementitious material about an openwork reenforcing frame, that comprises placing a comparatively large surfaced trowel member in the plane of the 'outer surface of the wall to be constructed, impacting the wall material in a wet state against said trowel from the rearward side of the wall to be constructed, said trowel serving as a backing forthe wet material as said material is placed plane of the exterior surface of the wall to be constructed, and means for impacting the wall material in a wet state against the finishing surface of the trowel.

4. Means for forming a wall of plaster or-cementitious material, comprising a comparatively large trowel having a finishing surface, and having a mold section extending thereacross, means for guiding and supporting said trowel in a substantially upright position for linear movement parallel to the direction of said mold section and with its finishing surface traveling in the plane of the exterior surface of the wall to be constructed, said finishing surface being adapted to back up the plaster or cementitious material placed to form the wall and to finish the exterior surface of said material by movement on its guiding means.

5. Means for forming a wall of plaster or cementitious material, comprising a comparatively large surfaced trowel member, means for sup porting said trowel member in a substantially 1 upright position with its front surface in'the plane of the exterior surface of the wall to be constructed, a flexible sheet supported in said plane in contact with the front surface of said trowel member, andmeans forimpacting the wall matesheet positioned in contact with at least one of 'said trowel sections, whereby wet material may be impacted against said sheet backed up by said trowel section.

'7. The method of forming a wall of plaster or cementitious'material about openwork reenforcing means, that comprises placing two comparatively large surfaced trowel members in the planes of the two surfaces of the wall to be constructed, impacting the wall material in a wet state between said trowels, said trowels serving as backings for the material as it is placed in position, and moving said trowels to keep them abreast of the material as placed.

8. The method of forming a wall of plaster or cementitious material about an openwork reenforcing frame, that comprises stretching a flexible sheet in the plane of the outer surface of the wall to be constructed, impacting the wall material in a wet state against the inside surface of said flexible sheet, and placing a backingup member which is comparatively large but is of lesser area than said flexible sheet in supporting relation to the outer surface of said sheet at places where the wet material is being impacted against said sheet.

MARCUS M. CORY.

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