WO2006004389A1

WO2006004389A1 - Earth/soil construction system

Info

Publication number: WO2006004389A1
Application number: PCT/MX2005/000048
Authority: WO
Inventors: Mario Alberto Aguilera Rico
Original assignee: Mario Alberto Aguilera Rico
Priority date: 2004-06-30
Filing date: 2005-06-28
Publication date: 2006-01-12
Also published as: MXNL04000056A

Abstract

The invention relates to a construction system consisting in producing a steel structure comprising columns, the lower end of said columns being encased in a foundation slab. According to the invention, the walls are obtained by fixing moulds or formwork to the aforementioned structure, in order to tamp or compact the earth stabilised therein to 2000 kg/m3. The inventive method is of the in situ construction system type.

Description

TERRA - STEEL CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The construction with raw earth walls has been carried out on five continents for thousands of years and has always presented two drawbacks: vulnerability to water and structural deficiency.

To solve the aforementioned inconveniences, I have invented a system of ecological, thermal, safe, durable and low-cost construction for healthy houses and buildings. The system is called "Terra-Acero" and consists of the integration of steel structures with stabilized and rammed earth walls.

The combination of both elements acquires structural value since when compacting the earth of the walls up to a density of 2,000 Kg. / M3 covering the steel columns, it stiffens them and the walls as a whole work as closing dams distributing the lateral forces evenly throughout the structure. i

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention of a new construction system called Terra-Acero, consists of the integration of rammed and stabilized raw earth walls and steel structure, as described below, highlighting that Ia

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) The combination of both elements adds structural value since, when the earth of the walls is compacted to a density of 2,000 Kg. / M3 covering the columns, it stiffens and the walls as a whole work as enclosure dams distributing the lateral forces evenly throughout structure.

The characteristic details of this new construction system are clearly shown in the following description and in the accompanying drawings, following the same reference numbers to indicate the components and procedures and the figures that describe them.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Figure 1 shows the foundation slab, the anchor rods that connect the foundation with the roof so that it resists hurricane winds and the plastic sheet that serves as an insulator between the ground and the crockery, where:

1. Concrete crockery

2. Steel rods

3. Plastic sheet

Figure 2 is a perspective of the assembly of the steel structure in which: 1. Concrete slab

2. Steel rods

3. Plastic sheet

4. Steel frames

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) Figure 3 shows the third procedure that is the installation of the roof poles, where:

1. Concrete crockery

2. Steel rods 3. Plastic foil

4. Steel frames

5. Deck polins

Figure 4 shows the placement of the molds for the subsequent emptying and compaction of the stabilized raw earth that will form the walls. In this figure:

1. Concrete crockery

2. Steel rods'

3. Plastic sheet

4. Steel frames 5. Roof polines

6. Molds for land emptying

Figure 5 shows a detail of the placement of the molds for emptying and compacting the stabilized raw earth that will form the walls, where: 1. Columns of the steel frames.

2. Molds for land emptying.

3. Compacted earth.

4. Steel rod.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) Figure 6 shows the application of the system in multi-storey buildings, in which:

1. Concrete crockery

2. Steel rods 3. Plastic foil

4. Steel frames

5. Deck polins

6. Molds for land emptying.

7. Mezzanine sheet.

With reference to the figures, the system consists of a slab; of foundation, No. 1 of Figure 1, on which a steel structure, No. 2 and 4 of Figure 2 is assembled, then installing the roof polines, No. 5 of Figure 3. To the structure of steel are fastened with nuts and bolts the perfectly aligned and lead molds on both sides of the columns, No. 6 of Figure 4 and No. 2 of Figure 5. The molds will serve to receive the previously prepared and properly mixed soil, - stabilized with cement, plaster, lime or other substances - depending on! Analysis of the soil mixture to be used. The 10% moistened soil is emptied into consecutive layers of 20 cm. which are compacted with pneumatic, mechanical or manual rammers up to 15 cm. thick to achieve a density of 2,000 Kg. / M3. Once a course of the molds has been emptied and compacted to the edges and the walls have cured (dried), the

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) molds being installed again in the upper part of the previously constructed wall course, and the procedure of emptying of soil and compaction is repeated as many times as necessary until the completion of the wall. The system can be applied in the construction of multi-storey buildings as illustrated in Figure 6. The mezzanines are constructed by using galvanized and corrugated sheet that is installed as dead formwork (called formwork in Spain), No. 7 of Figure 6. On the corrugated sheet the concrete slabs (called concrete in Spain) are emptied of the mezzanines and on them the earth walls of each floor, which are independent.

<The invention of the Terra-Acero system solves the problems that the construction with raw earth has always presented: 1) vulnerability to water, and 2) structural weakness especially to telluric movements;

1) The system resolves the vulnerability to water in several ways:

A) The moisture by capillarity of the subsoil is eliminated by installing a vapor barrier consisting of a plastic sheet that is placed on the ground before the concrete (concrete) is emptied of the foundation slab. B) The penetration of moisture to the walls is eliminated by:

B1) The installation of a layer of asphalted paper that is fixed on the outside to the walls by means of nails that have a metal circle on the head of approximately 2.5 centimeters in diameter. B2) Subsequently a metal mesh is installed on the paper

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) asphalted and the wall is finished with flattened mortar-cement or stucco mix (in Spain it is called plastering). To the mortar-cement mixture is added an additive that makes it totally waterproof.

B3) Alternatively, the walls can be finished with the natural earth (without coatings), being totally protected against moisture by incorporating 10% cement into the soil when prepared, when drying in the mixture produces a chemical reaction that It is not reversible with moisture, so that the walls thus constructed do not suffer any deterioration in contact with water. This procedure is called "stabilized land."

C) The roofs are perfectly waterproofed to avoid any ^• 'water penetration. . : •>

2) The steel structure gives the system resistance against seismic, wind, snow and live and dead loads, and rammed earth walls, as described, acquire structural value in our system.

The combination of a millenary construction procedure with the most modern structural and constructive technology gives us great advantages over current construction systems: a) Green construction: The manufacturing of the walls requires very little energy generated by non-renewable resources such as fossil fuels , thus reducing the pollution they produce. Fire bricks require high temperatures for their

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) manufacturing and it is estimated that rammed raw earth walls require for its construction only 1/700 - a seven hundredth part - of the energy required by a brick wall of equivalent mass. b) Building of comfortable homes and buildings that help protect our environment: The thermal insulation properties of the earth walls and their ability to act as thermal mass that regulates the interior temperature while keeping the houses cool in summer and warm are widely known in winter. These characteristics, together with an efficient thermal insulation of the ceilings provide significant savings in energy consumption for air conditioning of homes, thereby reducing the emission of pollutants into the atmosphere. c) The Terra-Acero system will provide healthy homes since its construction is carried out using natural materials outside the emanations that are released over time from the panels of compressed wood with formaldehydes, or many synthetic building materials. d) The vapor barrier that is installed prior to the casting of the foundation slab also blocks the possible harmful emanations of radon gas from the subsoil. e) Extensive studies have been carried out that relate the steel structures of buildings with the presence of negative electro-magnetic fields that affect health over time. The fact that our columns are covered with earth guarantees that any electricity

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) f) the structure is landed immediately discharging and since there is no electricity in the structure there is no possibility of electromagnetism. g) In developing countries, the Terra-Acero system will enable self-construction of decent, comfortable, comfortable, durable, safe and healthy homes, at a very low cost.

Therefore, it can be affirmed that the Terra-Acero system is revolutionizing the construction of housing by offering: 1) low cost of building, 2) respect for our environment, 3) comfort and energy saving by air conditioning, 4) durability , 5) security and 6) healthy houses.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)

Claims

1. A construction system for houses and buildings characterized by conforming to: a. : A foundation slab previously built on the ground, b. A prefabricated steel structure, whose columns at their lower ends are embedded within the foundation slab. C. Earth moistened and stabilized. d. Molds for emptying the land of part c) that are temporarily attached to the columns of the prefabricated steel structure with screws. and. Reinforcing steel rods vertically interspersed between the columns of the steel structure.

2. A construction system for houses and buildings, according to claim 1, characterized in that the stabilizers of the moistened soil c) are preferably: cement, plaster, lime or other substances, depending on the analysis of the mixture of land to be used.

3. A procedure for carrying out a construction system for houses and buildings, according to claims 1 and 2, characterized by the combination of prefabricated steel structures b) with walls of

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) land moistened and added with cement, plaster, lime or other substances to stabilize it, which are built on a concrete foundation slab a) previously built on the ground, emptying and compacting the soil in the metal molds d) that are temporarily attached to the columns of the steel structure b) by means of thymes.

4. A procedure for carrying out a construction system for houses and buildings, according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the soil previously prepared, moistened, properly mixed and stabilized with cement, plaster, lime or other substances, depending on the analysis of the mixture of earth to be used, it is emptied into the molds d), in consecutive layers of 20 cm. They are compacted with pneumatic, mechanical or manual rammers until they reach 15 cm. thick to achieve a density of 2000 kg / m ³ .

5. A process for carrying out a construction system for houses and buildings, according to claims 1, 2 and 4, characterized in that once a course of the molds d) has been emptied and compacted to the edges and walls have Forged, the molds d) are removed, being installed again in the upper part of the previously constructed wall course, repeating the procedure of attaching the molds to the steel columns of the prefabricated structure, emptying of soil and compaction as many times as necessary until the end of the wall.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)