RU88043U1 - FRAME CLAY RESIDENTIAL HOUSE ON LIGHTED FOUNDATIONS - Google Patents

Abstract

A frame clay residential building on a lightweight foundation, containing a wooden frame and grillage, piles in the form of steel rods of small diameter, clay walls with straw, ceilings, attic floors and a tent roof, characterized in that during construction of the foundation the soil surface is leveled, a well is drilled and the heat exchanger is immersed in it, the well is filled with cement-sand mortar, the heat exchanger is connected to the heat pump, thin rods with tips are pressed into the ground in the staggered axes of the house, for To prevent freezing of soil and rods, the lateral surface of the rods is covered with bitumen mastic, a blind area is arranged, on which masonry is made, covered with waterproofing, an expansion joint made of polystyrene foam, on which a waterproofing layer is laid, the support beams are equipped with couplings and installed on the rods, when the floors are laid on the ground, utilities: water supply, sewerage, power cable, telephone cable, prepared with optimal moisture content, clay soil is poured into the foundation with a pneumatic seal Ambovka, rolled waterproofing, a layer of expanded polystyrene and a second layer of rolled waterproofing, a reinforcing mesh and a pipeline of a floor heating system from a heat exchanger are laid on the surface of compacted soil, then a layer of cement-sand screed, after the interior decoration of the apartment building, a clean floor was made, with the frame and walls Buildings on the supporting beams are installed and fixed the supporting racks of the building frame, unedged boards or slabs are laid, and on top of them is a waterproofing layer, in the necessary places of the external walls of the building

Description

The field of technology.

This technical solution relates to the field of construction, namely, to general purpose building structures consisting of load-bearing elements such as blocks and panels.

The prior art.

An analogue of the claimed technical solution is a DEVICE FOR INSTALLING AN EXTERNAL WALL OF A SMALL BUILDING (patent for utility model RU 76933 U1, application 2008109151 dated 03/13/2008, IPC Е04В 1/02, Е04В 2/00).

1. The device for installing the outer wall of a low-rise building, including interconnected and mounted on the base frame panels with external and internal cladding, characterized in that the device for installing the outer wall of a low-rise building is equipped with a panel fixing device located in the lower part of the wall, which is made in the form of a corner profile and vertically mounted in the base vertically mounted on the lower edge of the horizontally inner lining of the panel of fasteners, between the base and the mountains The waterproofing elements are located as an isontal element of the panel frame.

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame of the panel is made of coniferous wood.

3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame of the panel is made of coniferous wood - pine.

4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame of the panel is made of coniferous wood - spruce.

5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame of the panel is made of coniferous wood - fir.

6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame of the panel is made of coniferous wood - larch.

7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame of the panel is made of coniferous wood - cedar.

8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame of the panel is made of glued coniferous wood.

9. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame of the panel is made of coniferous wood - veneer.

10. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame of the panel is made of pressed particles of coniferous wood.

11. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer panel lining is made of decorative plaster.

12. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer lining of the panel is made of plaster mesh.

13. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer lining of the panel is made of plaster (base layer).

14. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer lining of the panel is made of a layer of glue.

15. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer lining of the panel is made of structural chipboard Aqua Gren.

16. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer panel lining is made of thermal insulation.

17. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner lining of the panel is made of a layer of drywall.

18. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner lining of the panel is made of plastic film.

19. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner lining of the panel is made of a layer of drywall.

20. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner lining of the panel is made of wood-fiber board.

21. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermal insulation is made of mineral wool boards.

22. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermal insulation is made of fiberglass plates.

23. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermal insulation is made of basalt plates.

23. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermal insulation is made of basalt fiber rolls.

24. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle profile of the fixture for fixing the panel is made of metal.

25. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the angular profile of the device for fixing the panel is made of structural polymers.

The disadvantages of this analogue are the use of relatively expensive material (wood), the lack of utility amenities.

The next analogue of the claimed technical solution is UNIVERSAL CONSTRUCTION DESIGN FOR SPEED WOODEN HOUSING (OPTIONS) (utility model patent RU 79584 U1, application 2008107242 dated 02.28.2008, IPC E04B 1/02, E04B 1/14, E04C 2/38, M 1/76).

1. A universal building structure containing elements of the system, at least some of which are made with longitudinal, transverse and end grooves, characterized in that all the elements are interconnected using connections like "double dovetail", while some elements with longitudinal grooves for the inner and outer enclosing panels are made with the possibility of using them to connect with the supporting structure of the ventilated facade, and some of them are made with the possibility of creating docking zlov for parked designs.

2. The construction according to claim 1, characterized in that a heat-insulating material is placed between the enclosing panels.

3. A universal building structure containing elements of the system, at least some of which are made with longitudinal, transverse and end grooves, characterized in that all elements are interconnected using dovetail connections, while some elements are longitudinal the grooves for the inner and outer enclosing panels are made with the possibility of using them to connect with the supporting structure of the ventilated facade, and some of them are made with the possibility of creating docking nodes for Built in constructions.

4. The construction according to claim 2, characterized in that a heat-insulating material is placed between the enclosing panels.

The disadvantages of this analogue are limited performance, relative high cost, low use of local materials.

The closest analogue (prototype) of the claimed technical solution is BUILDING FROM VOLUME BLOCKS (utility model patent RU 14237 U1, application 2000101406 dated January 17, 2000, IPC E04H 1/12, E04H 1/02, published July 10, 2000).

1. A building of volumetric blocks, including a columnar or pile foundation, a basement of the building, volumetric wall blocks and a floor, characterized in that the basement is made in the form of monolithic volumetric structural elements supported from the foundation from load-bearing reinforced brick walls 70-80 cm high with the subsequent device of volumetric blocks of walls and a floor on an effective heater.

2. The building according to claim 1, characterized in that the volumetric blocks of the walls are made in rows of bricks in each masonry belt and are installed on the rib with alternating dressing rows of bricks laid with a “spoon” and a “poke”, and forming protrusions in the cavity of the channels to eliminate insulation drawdowns and increased strength.

3. The building according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the floor on the effective insulation contains crushed dry leaves with a particle size of 0.5-10 mm, and as a binder clay with a particle size of 0.005-0.15 mm in the following ratio of components , wt.%:

specified leaves - 15.8

indicated clay - 42.1

water - the rest

4. The building according to claims 1-3, characterized in that the polystyrene-concrete mixture is obtained in the space of the belt of bricks and heat treatment is carried out by electric heating to 40-45 ° C at a speed of 100-120 deg / h.

5. The building according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the pile foundation is made in the form of bored piles of a certain section and the pitch of the piles according to calculation.

6. The building according to claims 1-5, characterized in that the pile foundation is made with soil compaction using a punch.

7. The building according to claims 1-6, characterized in that in order to avoid swelling of the soil, a gap of 10-15 cm is made in the form of a bed of burnt earth or sand between the sole of the reinforced masonry and the ground.

The disadvantages of the prototype are the complexity and high cost of the material used (brick and concrete), the lack of utilities.

The essence of the technical solution.

Known frame clay residential building on lightweight foundations, containing a wooden frame and grillage, piles in the form of steel rods of small diameter, clay walls with straw, ceilings, attic floors and a tent roof.

The purpose of creating this technical solution is to develop a low-cost of local building materials at home, environmentally friendly, with comfortable living conditions.

To achieve this, during the construction of foundations, the surface of the soil is leveled, a well is drilled and a heat exchanger is immersed in it, the well is filled with cement-sand mortar, the heat exchanger is connected to the heat pump, thin rods with tips are pressed into the soil in the staggered axis of the house to reduce freezing of soil and rods, the lateral surface of the rods is covered with bituminous mastic, a blind area is made on which brickwork is made and covered with its waterproofing, a deformation seam is made of sand nopolystyrene, on which the waterproofing layer is laid, the support beams are provided with couplings and installed on the rods, when installing floors on the ground, engineering communications are laid: water supply, sewage, electric cable, telephone cable, clay soil with optimal humidity is prepared and it is filled into the foundation with pneumatic ramming, roll-on waterproofing, a layer of expanded polystyrene and a second layer of roll-on waterproofing, reinforcing mesh and pipeline system heating the floors from the heat exchanger, then a layer of cement-sand screed, after the interior decoration of the apartment house, a clean floor device is installed, when the frame and walls of the building are installed, the supporting frames of the building frame are installed and fixed on the support beams, unedged boards or slabs are laid, and a waterproofing layer is laid on top of them , in the necessary places of the external walls of the building, between the support racks, boxes are installed under the windows and doors, on the racks of the future walls of the house, removable formwork panels from waterproof plywood with a vapor-insulating film are fixed from the inside, a mixture of clay and straw is fed into the formwork, which is compacted by hand tamping, layers of brushwood or wood cut are placed between the layers of the clay and straw mixture, after the wall material has dried, the formwork is dismantled, the walls are left covered with a film, and the boxes left in the walls of the house they fix door and window blocks, from the outside the house is sheathed with plastic siding or a thin board with subsequent painting, wallpaper is glued to clay walls or a grid is glued, putty is painted and painted on it and and wallpapering, ceilings, floors, attic floor and hipped roof satisfied by any of the known methods, are placed on the roof of a solar panel and a solar collector.

The list of figures, drawings and other materials.

Figure 1 shows a design drawing of a residential building.

Figure 2 shows a design drawing grillage.

Figure 3 shows an example of crushing the rod into the ground.

Figure 4 shows the dependence of the displacement (vertical axis, cm) of the rod on the indentation load (horizontal axis, MPa).

An example of the implementation of a technical solution.

In figure 1 are indicated: 1 - solar panel, 2 - solar collector, 3 - floor construction, 4 - well, 5 - steel pipes, 6 - blind area, 7 - grillage, 8 - insulation (adobe), 9 - removable formwork.

Figure 1 shows: 10 - supporting posts, 11 - plaster, 12 - clean floor, 13 - waterproofing, 14 - cement screed, 15 - expanded polystyrene, 16 - compacted soil, 17 - steel pipes, 18 - blind area (concrete) 19 - masonry, 20 - base plates, 21 - facing tile, 22 - grillage (beam 200 × 200 mm), 23 - slab, 24 - siding, 25 - wall (clay + straw).

The residential building is structurally made of a wooden frame on a wooden grillage, piles in the form of steel rods of small diameter, clay walls with straw (Fig. 1).

The sequence of construction of a residential building.

Stage 1. Construction of foundations

Step 1. Level the soil surface without cutting off the layer of chernozem.

Step 2. Within the area of the future home, a well with a depth of 30 m is drilled and a heat exchanger is immersed in it, after which the well is filled with cement-sand mortar. The heat exchanger is connected to a heat pump.

Step 3. On the axes of the house in a staggered manner crush into the ground thin pipes - rods with a tip (figure 2, 3). The calculated depth of crushing of the rods is determined during their immersion by measuring the pressure of crushing, a force sensor that is installed on the upper end of the rod. The required bearing capacity of one standard rod with a length of 2000 mm and a diameter of 32 mm for a one-story residential building with an attic should be N = 800-1000 kgf. The calculated load on one rod is taken equal to 400-500 kgf. If a lower value of the calculated load is obtained when the rod is immersed, it is necessary, using the coupling connection, to increase the rod by one meter. In the event that even after this the design load is less than required, the extension of the length of the rod should be repeated.

To control the deviation of the rod immersed in the soil, an incline sensor made by MEMS technology is built into the left tip. Information from the sensor is transmitted wirelessly to the soil surface, and the angle of deviation of the rod is monitored during its entire immersion. In the event that the deflection angle exceeds 2-3 °, larger diameter rods should be used in these soil conditions.

The procedure for controlling the crushing force of each rod and its deviation from the vertical allows directly at the construction site to decide on increasing the length of the rod or its diameter. This procedure is very useful in heterogeneous soil conditions, when the bearing capacity of the rods can be different within the building spot, and the design load on the rod (pile) is assumed constant without taking into account the heterogeneity of the soil.

In heaving soils, the length of the rod is determined taking into account the forces of frost heaving arising on the lateral surface of the rod above the depth of seasonal freezing. To reduce the effect of freezing of the soil and rods, their side surface is covered with bitumen mastic.

Step 4. After completion of the process of crushing the rods, a blind area is arranged with a width equal to the thickness of the wall of the apartment building plus the width of the screened surface along the building. In the proposed method for the construction of a residential building, the blind area is arranged not after construction, as is usually done, but at the beginning of construction, at the second stage of the construction of foundations.

The thickness of the blind area is variable, under the walls of the building it is assumed constant and equal to 150 mm, from the outside of the building it is reduced to 100 mm.

Step 5. In the area of the blind area under the external walls of the house, brickwork is made with a height of 150 mm and a thickness of 50 mm less than the wall thickness.

Step 6. A layer of waterproofing is laid on the horizontal surface of the brickwork.

Step 7. In order to exclude the influence of possible house precipitation or raising the blind area during freezing of the soil from the outside of the building, a horizontal expansion joint is made of polystyrene foam in the form of plates 50 mm thick, put on support rods in pre-made holes in polystyrene foam with a diameter slightly larger than the outer diameter supporting rods.

Step 8. Metal plates with couplings, the inner diameter of which slightly exceeds the outer diameter of the rods, are connected to the supporting beams of the building frame (beam grillage). The distance between the support couplings is taken equal to the distance between the rods.

Step 9. A layer of waterproofing is laid on the polystyrene foam.

Step 10. The support beams are mounted on the rods.

Stage 2. The device floors on the ground.

Step 1. Lay all the necessary engineering communications: water supply, sewerage, power cable, telephone cable, etc.

Step 2. Prepare clay soil with optimum moisture. Optimum humidity and density are determined in a known manner, for example according to GOST 22733-77.

Step 3. Clay soil is poured into the foundation with compaction in a known manner, for example by pneumatic ramming, to the optimum density determined in step 2. In the process of compaction of the backfill soil, the achieved density is monitored by taking soil samples and determining the density of dry soil according to GOST 5180-84.

Step 4. Roll waterproofing is laid on the surface of compacted clay soil.

Step 5. A layer of polystyrene foam with a thickness of 150 mm is laid on the waterproofing surface.

Step 6. Roll waterproofing is laid on the surface of the styrofoam.

Step 7. Lay the reinforcing mesh with a wire diameter of not more than 3 mm and a mesh of not more than 150 × 150 mm.

Step 8. The pipeline of the underfloor heating system from the heat exchanger is laid, then a layer of cement-sand screed 60-80 mm thick. After the interior decoration of the apartment house, a clean floor device is installed.

Stage 3. The device frame and walls of the building

Step 1. On the support beams, the support posts of the building frame are installed and fixed in any known manner. The cross-section of the racks and their step in the plan is adopted by calculation, taking into account the load from the roof structure, snow and the payload on the attic floors.

Step 2. Unedged boards or slabs are placed on the supporting beams, and a layer of waterproofing is placed on top of them.

Step 3. In the necessary places of the external walls of the building, between the support posts, boxes are fixed under the windows and doors of the apartment building.

Step 4. On the racks of future walls of the house, removable formwork panels from waterproof plywood are fixed. A vapor barrier film is placed on the inner surface of the shields.

Step 5. A mixture of clay and straw is fed into the formwork with layers of a thickness not exceeding 2000 mm and compacted by hand tamping. Between layers of a mixture of clay with straw, layers of brushwood or a cut of wood are laid. This procedure reduces the shrinkage strain of clay during its drying and eliminates the occurrence of cracks in the walls after removal of the formwork.

The percentage of clay (10-15%), water and straw (85-90%) per unit volume of material is determined by the type of clay, individually in clay pits.

Step 6. After the wall material has dried to the ambient humidity, the formwork is disassembled. After removing the formwork, the walls of the house are left covered with film.

Step 7. In the boxes left in the walls of the house, door and window blocks are fixed.

Step 8. From the outside, the house is sheathed with plastic siding or a thin board with subsequent painting.

Step 9. Wallpaper is glued to the clay walls or the net is glued, and putty is put on it with painting or sticker on the wallpaper.

Stage 4. The device of the roof.

Ceilings, attic floors and a tent roof are arranged by any of the known methods.

The proposed construction of a residential building has the following advantages.

1. A clay house “breathes” and preserves the health of residents.

2. Clay used in housing construction regulates indoor air humidity within 40-60%, reducing the amount of dust in the air, which is especially important for patients with asthma.

3. Clay and wood are perfect and complement each other. Staying in clay preserves the tree, i.e. protects it without the use of antiseptics and fire fighting compounds.

4. By closing the pipes into the walls, it is possible to solve the problem of heating the house, and by building massive walls, use them to accumulate solar energy.

5. Neither straw nor clay emit any harmful substances. Straw-clay walls with a thickness of 40-45 cm have the same heat-insulating ability as brickwork with a thickness of 70 cm.

6. The foundations for such residential buildings are much cheaper than the well-known ones, both because of the low consumption of building materials and the costs of their construction. Foundations on supporting rods are 3 times cheaper than a conventional strip foundation with its laying depth at the estimated depth of soil freezing. For heaving soils, the savings are greater. The proposed type of foundations is applicable in both conventional and heaving soils.

7. In the proposed method for the construction of foundations, engineering-geological surveys are not required to determine the physicomechanical properties of soils and to isolate engineering-geological elements. The results of these studies are necessary to calculate the allowable load on the foundations, and through them on the foundation soils. In the proposed method, the permissible load is determined in the process of crushing the rods into the ground. Moreover, the accuracy of determining the permissible load is higher, since it is determined directly in the field, and not using calculation formulas and test results of soil samples in laboratory conditions, from which the parameters included in the formulas are determined.

Clay residential building can be environmentally friendly and independent in its energy supply. This can be achieved using the heat of the earth (heat pumps), solar (solar panels and solar collectors) and wind energy (wind generators).

Industrial applicability.

This technical solution is industrially feasible, it uses affordable local building materials, provides environmental cleanliness, autonomous power supply, technical water supply and heating, acceptable cost characteristics.

Used sources of information.

1. GOST 22733-77. Soils. Laboratory method for determining the maximum density. M., 1978.

2. GOST 5180-84. Soils. Laboratory methods for determining physical characteristics. M., 1985.

Claims (1)

A frame clay residential building on a lightweight foundation, containing a wooden frame and grillage, piles in the form of steel rods of small diameter, clay walls with straw, ceilings, attic floors and a tent roof, characterized in that during the construction of the foundation the soil surface is leveled, a well is drilled and a heat exchanger is immersed in it, the well is filled with cement-sand mortar, the heat exchanger is connected to the heat pump, thin rod pipes with tips are pressed into the ground in the staple axes of the house, for To prevent freezing of soil and rods, the lateral surface of the rods is covered with bitumen mastic, a blind area is arranged, on which masonry is made, covered with waterproofing, an expansion joint made of polystyrene foam, on which a waterproofing layer is laid, the support beams are equipped with couplings and installed on the rods, when the floors are laid on the ground, utilities: water supply, sewerage, power cable, telephone cable, prepared with optimal moisture content, clay soil is poured into the foundation with pneumatic seal ambovka, rolled waterproofing was laid on the surface of compacted soil, a layer of expanded polystyrene and a second layer of rolled waterproofing, a reinforcing mesh and a pipeline of the floor heating system from the heat exchanger, then a layer of cement-sand screed, after the interior decoration of the apartment building, a clean floor was made, with the frame and walls Buildings on the supporting beams are installed and fixed the supporting racks of the building frame, unedged boards or slabs are laid, and on top of them is a waterproofing layer, in the necessary places of the external walls of the building I installed boxes under windows and doors between the support racks, removable formwork panels from waterproof plywood with a vapor-insulating film on the inside are fixed on the racks of the future walls of the house, a mixture of clay and straw, which is compacted by hand tamping, is laid in the formwork, laid between the layers of the clay and straw mixture layers of brushwood or wood cuts, after the wall material has dried, the formwork is dismantled, the walls are left covered with a film, the door and window blocks are fixed to the boxes left in the walls of the house, the house is outside the house plastic siding or thin boards with the subsequent painting on clay walls pasted wallpaper or pasted grid on which performed coating with paint or stickers wallpaper, ceilings, floors, attic floor and hipped roof constructed by any of the known methods, a roof placed solar panels and solar collector .