US3855083A - Method for the uniform electroplating of sheet and strip - Google Patents

Method for the uniform electroplating of sheet and strip Download PDF

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Publication number
US3855083A
US3855083A US00369644A US36964473A US3855083A US 3855083 A US3855083 A US 3855083A US 00369644 A US00369644 A US 00369644A US 36964473 A US36964473 A US 36964473A US 3855083 A US3855083 A US 3855083A
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United States
Prior art keywords
strip
width
anode
fraction
coating
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00369644A
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English (en)
Inventor
R Hoeckelman
I Borough
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
United States Steel Corp
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United States Steel Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by United States Steel Corp filed Critical United States Steel Corp
Priority to US00369644A priority Critical patent/US3855083A/en
Priority to AR254117A priority patent/AR206401A1/es
Priority to ZA00743280A priority patent/ZA743280B/xx
Priority to AU69237/74A priority patent/AU477195B2/en
Priority to IN1137/CAL/74A priority patent/IN139424B/en
Priority to PH15875A priority patent/PH11137A/en
Priority to RO7479008A priority patent/RO65532A/ro
Priority to BE145073A priority patent/BE815909A/xx
Priority to TR17734A priority patent/TR17734A/xx
Priority to DE2427264A priority patent/DE2427264C2/de
Priority to CS7400004099A priority patent/CS183739B2/cs
Priority to BR4772/74A priority patent/BR7404772D0/pt
Priority to FR7420190A priority patent/FR2233420B1/fr
Priority to CA202,243A priority patent/CA1030480A/en
Priority to HUUE50A priority patent/HU170344B/hu
Priority to IT68863/74A priority patent/IT1011963B/it
Priority to ES427202A priority patent/ES427202A1/es
Priority to PL1974171850A priority patent/PL94959B1/pl
Priority to JP6803774A priority patent/JPS577238B2/ja
Priority to NL7407925A priority patent/NL7407925A/xx
Priority to GB26323/74A priority patent/GB1478658A/en
Priority to YU1654/74A priority patent/YU39308B/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3855083A publication Critical patent/US3855083A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
    • C25D7/06—Wires; Strips; Foils
    • C25D7/0614—Strips or foils
    • C25D7/0642—Anodes

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT In the continuous electroplating of sheet and strip, heavy edge build up is avoided by the use of a new anode design. Proper anode design is achieved by (l) determining the coating weight profile produced by a rectangular anode of full pass width and (2) shaping the anode by tapering a portion of the sides thereof to a width approximately equal to the predetermined width of uniform plating.
  • This invention relates to a method for the continuous electroplating of elongated flat rolled articles such as sheet and strip and is more particularly directed to a method for preventing heavy coating build up on the edges of such articles.
  • the term strip will hereinafter be employed to define such flat rolled articles.
  • the flat surfaces thereof are passed in parallel relation to one or more generally flat anodes immersed in an electroplating electrolyte.
  • the anodes are generally of a width about equal to the width of the strip being plated.
  • problems are often encountered in the achievement of uniform plating.
  • One source of such problems is mechanical in nature and is a result of poor strip tracking, i.e. wandering of the strip from the center of the pass line. Such wandering may cause one edge of the strip to receive a coating heavier than desired, while the other edge receives little or no coating.
  • a second major source of such problems is electrochemical in nature, and is a result of the concentration of the plating current at the edges of the strip.
  • This edge effect is caused by the tendency of current density lines to be attracted to a sharp point or series of points, and is especially pronounced in plating systems with poor throwing power.
  • the uneven plating due to poor strip tracking has, in most instances, been overcome by employing anodes of sufficient width to cover the extreme cases of strip wandering.
  • a number of solutions have been proposed to overcome the electrochemical problem.
  • One, such proposal employed anodes which were elliptical in cross-section. This technique is based on the principle that current density increases as the distance between electrodes decreases. Thus, the elliptical anode provides a shorter distance between the anode at the center of the strip; increasing the current density in that area.
  • FIG. 1 is a coating weight profile obtained from a strip coated with Cr and employing conventional rectangular anodes
  • FIGS. 2(a) and 2(b) describe a preferred embodiment for designing the anode of this invention
  • FIG. 3 is a coating weight profile obtained from a strip coated with Cr and employing the anode design of FIG. 2;
  • FIGS. 4a-d are representations of altemativeanode designs useful in the instant invention.
  • strip can be electroplated, with a degree of unifomiity equal to or superior to that of the above mentioned prior art techniques, by employing an anode configuration which regulates the time of metal deposition for different parts of the strip.
  • anode configuration which regulates the time of metal deposition for different parts of the strip.
  • the new configuration employs a tandemarray of two anode fractions, wherein the face of one fraction is generally rectangular (or square) and the face of the second fraction is generally trapezoidal.
  • the desired configuration is a single anode comprising the two requisite tandem fractions.
  • the width of uniform plating which may be achieved using a conventional rectangular anode forrn, the width of which, Wa, is approximately equal to the width of the strip to be plated.
  • the width, Wa will be ofa dimension suffistrip.
  • the anode will be of conventional length, and is prescribed by the line speed, current density, number of anodes in series, etc., which are to be employed in the particular plating process.
  • the determination of the proper length, L is well known to those skilled in the art.
  • a coating profile is then made describing the variation in coating metal thickness along the entire width of the strip. From a plot of this profile, the points at which the coating thickness abruptly increases, i.e.
  • the points of inflection of the curve are then determined.
  • the distance between these points is defined as the width of uniform coating.
  • a line of length Wb approximately equal to said width of uniform plating is then laid out and centered on either the top or bottom edge of the anode. Lines are then drawn from a point (e.g. the rnidlength point) along the sides of the anode to connect with the end points of the previously laidout line, Wb. The portion of the anode proscribed by these lines is then cut away.
  • FIG. 2b This latter anode configuration (FIG. 2b) was then installed for further electroplating, using substantially the same parameters as were employed with the conventional rectangular anode form.
  • the coating weight profile of the resultant product is shown in FIG. 3.
  • the coated strip exhibited a uniform, bright appearance.
  • FIGS. 4a through 4d are illustrative of some of the many modifications which may be employed without departing from the scope of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4a is illustrative of the fact that it is not necessary that the rectangular fraction and the trapezoidal fraction be of equal length.
  • the length of the rectangular fraction may vary from about L/3 to 2L/3.
  • the length of the trapezoidal fraction will then correspond to such length and vary respectively from about 2L/3 to L/3.
  • FIG. 4b incorporates a further modification, wherein the total desired length L is provided by separate anode fractions tandemly aligned with respect to the strip pass line.
  • This figure also shows that the generally trapezoidal fraction of the anode may also be placed on top of rectangular fraction.
  • FIG. 4c shows that the sides of the fractions may depart somewhat from linearity, while FIG. 4d shows that the trapezoidal fraction itself (or the rectangular fraction as well) be composed of more than one sub-fraction.
  • a. through a plating electrolyte passing the strip in parallel relation to a generally rectangular face of an anode form having a length L and a width Wa, wherein Wa is approximately equal to the width of said strip, and b. applying a current density between said anode form and said strip, at a magnitude and for a time, sufiicient to effect the deposition of a substantially uniform desired coating weight along a width of said strip, said coating exhibiting an edge effect,
  • the improvement for substantially eliminating said edge effect comprises employing an anode configuration composed of two tandemly aligned fractions: the first fraction having a face which is generally rectangular, said first fraction face having a width, Wu, and a length varying from about US to 2L/3; the second fraction having a face which is generally trapezoidal, said second fraction face having a corresponding length of 2L/3 to L/3 respectively, and a width tapering approximately linearly and decreasing from a width Wa to a width Wb, wherein Wb is approximately equal to the predetermined width of uniform coating weight produced by said rectangular anode form.
  • Wa is of a dimension sufficient to accommodate variations in the pass line of said strip and Wb is from about 0.9 to 1.1 the dimension of said predetermined uniform width.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
US00369644A 1973-06-13 1973-06-13 Method for the uniform electroplating of sheet and strip Expired - Lifetime US3855083A (en)

Priority Applications (22)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00369644A US3855083A (en) 1973-06-13 1973-06-13 Method for the uniform electroplating of sheet and strip
AR254117A AR206401A1 (es) 1973-06-13 1974-01-01 Anodo para el deposito electrolitico
ZA00743280A ZA743280B (en) 1973-06-13 1974-05-21 Method for the uniform electroplasting of sheet and strip
AU69237/74A AU477195B2 (en) 1973-06-13 1974-05-22 Method forthe uniform electroplating of sheet and strip
IN1137/CAL/74A IN139424B (xx) 1973-06-13 1974-05-24
PH15875A PH11137A (en) 1973-06-13 1974-05-28 Method for uniform electroplating of sheet and strip
RO7479008A RO65532A (ro) 1973-06-13 1974-05-31 Anod pentru acoperirea prin depunere electrolitica a produselor metalice plate
BE145073A BE815909A (fr) 1973-06-13 1974-06-04 Procede pour revetir de maniere uniforme de la tole et du feuillard par electrodeposition
TR17734A TR17734A (tr) 1973-06-13 1974-06-04 Levha ve seritlere muesavi olarak elektrikle metal kaplamak icin usul
DE2427264A DE2427264C2 (de) 1973-06-13 1974-06-06 Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Elektroplattierung
CS7400004099A CS183739B2 (en) 1973-06-13 1974-06-10 Anode for continuous electrolytic coating especially of metal coat on metal strap
FR7420190A FR2233420B1 (xx) 1973-06-13 1974-06-11
BR4772/74A BR7404772D0 (pt) 1973-06-13 1974-06-11 Aperfeicoamento em processo de galvanizacao continua
HUUE50A HU170344B (xx) 1973-06-13 1974-06-12
IT68863/74A IT1011963B (it) 1973-06-13 1974-06-12 Procedimento per l elettroplaccatu ra continua di materiale in lastra e in nastro
ES427202A ES427202A1 (es) 1973-06-13 1974-06-12 Perfeccionamientos introducidos en un metodo para la elec- trodeposicion continua de un revestimiento principalmente metalico sobre una banda o fleje metalico.
CA202,243A CA1030480A (en) 1973-06-13 1974-06-12 Method for the uniform electroplating of sheet and strip
PL1974171850A PL94959B1 (xx) 1973-06-13 1974-06-12
JP6803774A JPS577238B2 (xx) 1973-06-13 1974-06-13
NL7407925A NL7407925A (xx) 1973-06-13 1974-06-13
GB26323/74A GB1478658A (en) 1973-06-13 1974-06-13 Method for the uniform electroplating of sheet and strip
YU1654/74A YU39308B (en) 1973-06-13 1974-06-13 Anode for a continuous galvanization of sheets and bands

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00369644A US3855083A (en) 1973-06-13 1973-06-13 Method for the uniform electroplating of sheet and strip

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3855083A true US3855083A (en) 1974-12-17

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US00369644A Expired - Lifetime US3855083A (en) 1973-06-13 1973-06-13 Method for the uniform electroplating of sheet and strip

Country Status (22)

Country Link
US (1) US3855083A (xx)
JP (1) JPS577238B2 (xx)
AR (1) AR206401A1 (xx)
AU (1) AU477195B2 (xx)
BE (1) BE815909A (xx)
BR (1) BR7404772D0 (xx)
CA (1) CA1030480A (xx)
CS (1) CS183739B2 (xx)
DE (1) DE2427264C2 (xx)
ES (1) ES427202A1 (xx)
FR (1) FR2233420B1 (xx)
GB (1) GB1478658A (xx)
HU (1) HU170344B (xx)
IN (1) IN139424B (xx)
IT (1) IT1011963B (xx)
NL (1) NL7407925A (xx)
PH (1) PH11137A (xx)
PL (1) PL94959B1 (xx)
RO (1) RO65532A (xx)
TR (1) TR17734A (xx)
YU (1) YU39308B (xx)
ZA (1) ZA743280B (xx)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4367125A (en) * 1979-03-21 1983-01-04 Republic Steel Corporation Apparatus and method for plating metallic strip
US4401523A (en) * 1980-12-18 1983-08-30 Republic Steel Corporation Apparatus and method for plating metallic strip
US4652346A (en) * 1984-12-31 1987-03-24 Olin Corporation Apparatus and process for the continuous plating of wide delicate metal foil
EP0382254A1 (en) * 1989-02-10 1990-08-16 Eltech Systems Corporation Improved plate anode
WO2001077416A2 (en) * 2000-04-11 2001-10-18 Yates Foil Usa, Inc. Thin copper foil, and process and apparatus for the manufacture thereof
US20070031608A1 (en) * 2003-04-29 2007-02-08 Xstrata Queensland Limited Methods and apparatus for cathode plate production
EP1752563A2 (en) * 2005-08-12 2007-02-14 United Technologies Corporation Masking techniques for electrochemical stripping
CN103930599A (zh) * 2011-11-15 2014-07-16 Posco公司 用于制造金属箔的高速水平电铸设备及制造方法
CN110453272A (zh) * 2018-05-07 2019-11-15 株式会社荏原制作所 电镀装置

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS51104440A (en) * 1975-03-13 1976-09-16 Nippon Kokan Kk Denkimetsukiniokeru etsujibunooobaakooteinguboshihoho
JPS58700Y2 (ja) * 1977-01-08 1983-01-07 三菱電機株式会社 電着装置
US4183799A (en) * 1978-08-31 1980-01-15 Production Machinery Corporation Apparatus for plating a layer onto a metal strip
JP3822136B2 (ja) * 2002-05-15 2006-09-13 日鉱金属株式会社 銅箔の連続表面処理方法及び同装置
JP2012167295A (ja) * 2011-02-09 2012-09-06 Nisshin Steel Co Ltd 電気メッキ装置の構築方法、電気メッキ鋼板の製造方法および装置

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2461556A (en) * 1943-04-01 1949-02-15 Carnegie Illinois Steel Corp Method and apparatus for the electrolytic coating of metal strip
US2544510A (en) * 1943-10-23 1951-03-06 Nat Steel Corp Apparatus and method for plating strips
US2554943A (en) * 1945-10-25 1951-05-29 Bethlehem Steel Corp Electroplating apparatus
US2690424A (en) * 1950-11-20 1954-09-28 Nat Steel Corp Apparatus for reduction of heavy edge coating in electroplating
US2776939A (en) * 1949-05-05 1957-01-08 Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp Anode and method of continuous plating

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2461556A (en) * 1943-04-01 1949-02-15 Carnegie Illinois Steel Corp Method and apparatus for the electrolytic coating of metal strip
US2544510A (en) * 1943-10-23 1951-03-06 Nat Steel Corp Apparatus and method for plating strips
US2554943A (en) * 1945-10-25 1951-05-29 Bethlehem Steel Corp Electroplating apparatus
US2776939A (en) * 1949-05-05 1957-01-08 Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp Anode and method of continuous plating
US2690424A (en) * 1950-11-20 1954-09-28 Nat Steel Corp Apparatus for reduction of heavy edge coating in electroplating

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Harriss, IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, Vol. 6, No. 8, Jan. 1964, Segmented Electroplating Contact Roll, p. 68. *

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4367125A (en) * 1979-03-21 1983-01-04 Republic Steel Corporation Apparatus and method for plating metallic strip
US4401523A (en) * 1980-12-18 1983-08-30 Republic Steel Corporation Apparatus and method for plating metallic strip
US4652346A (en) * 1984-12-31 1987-03-24 Olin Corporation Apparatus and process for the continuous plating of wide delicate metal foil
EP0382254A1 (en) * 1989-02-10 1990-08-16 Eltech Systems Corporation Improved plate anode
US5188721A (en) * 1989-02-10 1993-02-23 Eltech Systems Corporation Plate anode having bias cut edges
AU639900B2 (en) * 1989-02-10 1993-08-12 Eltech Systems Corporation Improved plate anode
WO2001077416A2 (en) * 2000-04-11 2001-10-18 Yates Foil Usa, Inc. Thin copper foil, and process and apparatus for the manufacture thereof
WO2001077416A3 (en) * 2000-04-11 2002-04-04 Yates Foil Usa Inc Thin copper foil, and process and apparatus for the manufacture thereof
US7780837B2 (en) * 2003-04-29 2010-08-24 Xstrata Queensland Limited Methods and apparatus for cathode plate production
US20070031608A1 (en) * 2003-04-29 2007-02-08 Xstrata Queensland Limited Methods and apparatus for cathode plate production
US20100219080A1 (en) * 2003-04-29 2010-09-02 Xstrata Queensland Limited Methods and apparatus for cathode plate production
US20070034524A1 (en) * 2005-08-12 2007-02-15 United Technologies Corporation Masking techniques for electrochemical stripping
EP1752563A3 (en) * 2005-08-12 2009-11-04 United Technologies Corporation Masking techniques for electrochemical stripping
EP1752563A2 (en) * 2005-08-12 2007-02-14 United Technologies Corporation Masking techniques for electrochemical stripping
EP2465978A1 (en) * 2005-08-12 2012-06-20 United Technologies Corporation Masking techniques for electrochemical stripping
CN103930599A (zh) * 2011-11-15 2014-07-16 Posco公司 用于制造金属箔的高速水平电铸设备及制造方法
EP2781625A4 (en) * 2011-11-15 2015-09-02 Posco HORIZONTAL HIGH-SPEED ELECTRIC FORMING DEVICE FOR PRODUCING A METAL FOIL AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE METAL FOIL
CN110453272A (zh) * 2018-05-07 2019-11-15 株式会社荏原制作所 电镀装置
US10982348B2 (en) * 2018-05-07 2021-04-20 Ebara Corporation Plating apparatus
TWI805746B (zh) * 2018-05-07 2023-06-21 日商荏原製作所股份有限公司 鍍覆裝置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2233420B1 (xx) 1979-05-25
YU165474A (en) 1982-02-28
YU39308B (en) 1984-10-31
CS183739B2 (en) 1978-07-31
ES427202A1 (es) 1976-10-01
AR206401A1 (es) 1976-07-23
DE2427264A1 (de) 1975-01-09
NL7407925A (xx) 1974-12-17
IN139424B (xx) 1976-06-19
GB1478658A (en) 1977-07-06
AU477195B2 (en) 1976-10-14
PL94959B1 (xx) 1977-09-30
AU6923774A (en) 1975-11-27
DE2427264C2 (de) 1982-12-02
ZA743280B (en) 1975-05-28
FR2233420A1 (xx) 1975-01-10
TR17734A (tr) 1976-07-01
BR7404772D0 (pt) 1975-09-23
IT1011963B (it) 1977-02-10
CA1030480A (en) 1978-05-02
JPS50123530A (xx) 1975-09-29
HU170344B (xx) 1977-05-28
BE815909A (fr) 1974-12-04
JPS577238B2 (xx) 1982-02-09
PH11137A (en) 1977-10-27
RO65532A (ro) 1980-01-15

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