US3854932A - Process for production of stainless steel - Google Patents

Process for production of stainless steel Download PDF

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Publication number
US3854932A
US3854932A US00370904A US37090473A US3854932A US 3854932 A US3854932 A US 3854932A US 00370904 A US00370904 A US 00370904A US 37090473 A US37090473 A US 37090473A US 3854932 A US3854932 A US 3854932A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
converter
oxygen
stainless steel
carbon
pressure
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00370904A
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English (en)
Inventor
H Bishop
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Allegheny Ludlum Corp
Pittsburgh National Bank
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Allegheny Ludlum Industries Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Allegheny Ludlum Industries Inc filed Critical Allegheny Ludlum Industries Inc
Priority to US00370904A priority Critical patent/US3854932A/en
Priority to AU68709/74A priority patent/AU6870974A/en
Priority to FR7417709A priority patent/FR2233401B1/fr
Priority to CA200,538A priority patent/CA1017951A/en
Priority to BE144678A priority patent/BE815451A/xx
Priority to ES426785A priority patent/ES426785A1/es
Priority to JP49063302A priority patent/JPS5839885B2/ja
Priority to IT51417/74A priority patent/IT1013389B/it
Priority to DE2428465A priority patent/DE2428465C2/de
Priority to GB2667174A priority patent/GB1451013A/en
Priority to BR4909/74A priority patent/BR7404909D0/pt
Priority to SE7408052A priority patent/SE424448B/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3854932A publication Critical patent/US3854932A/en
Assigned to ALLEGHENY LUDLUM CORPORATION reassignment ALLEGHENY LUDLUM CORPORATION CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). 8-4-86 Assignors: ALLEGHENY LUDLUM STEEL CORPORATION
Assigned to PITTSBURGH NATIONAL BANK reassignment PITTSBURGH NATIONAL BANK SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ALLEGHENY LUDLUM CORPORATION
Assigned to PITTSBURGH NATIONAL BANK reassignment PITTSBURGH NATIONAL BANK ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. RECORDED ON REEL 4855 FRAME 0400 Assignors: PITTSBURGH NATIONAL BANK
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/0081—Treating and handling under pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/005—Manufacture of stainless steel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/30—Regulating or controlling the blowing
    • C21C5/35—Blowing from above and through the bath
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
    • Y02P10/143—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions of methane [CH4]

Definitions

  • the primary reason for the refining process is to effect the reaction between carbon and oxygen for the purpose of removing carbon from the liquid metal.
  • the reaction between oxygen and iron is desirably avoided because it represents a loss of iron product.
  • the reaction between oxygen and chromium also should be avoided because it results in a loss of chromium from the molten metal phase to the slag phase, and the presence of chromium oxides in the slag phase creates a viscous slag which interferes with the metal refining process.
  • a viscous slag is undesirable because it shields the surface of the molten metal bath which retards the escape of carbon oxides and therefore interferes with the removal of carbon from themelt as will be described more fully hereinafter.
  • the oxygen introduced through the lance impinges on the liquid phase within the converter and reacts with carbon, chromium. iron and anything else capable of being oxidized. It is thought that the oxygen doesn't necessarily react directly with carbon but rather becomes part of an oxygen inventory within the converter. At the conditions prevailing during conversion there is vigorous stirring and oxygen is mobile. For example, oxygen impinging against the surface may react with iron to form an iron oxide which becomes part of the oxygen inventory within the converter, but the iron oxide may react with carbon to produce iron and carbon oxide so that the ultimate effect of the oxygen is to produce a carbon oxide.
  • the thermodynamics of the system will determine, among other things, what compounds are formed. For example, carbon and oxygen may react to form either carbon dioxide. carbon monoxide or both. The thermodynamics at the condiditons within the converter are such that the equilibrium distribution between carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide is such that more than percent of the carbon oxide formed will be carbon monoxide.
  • the intense heat of the oxidation generally causes oxygen or argon-oxygen mixtures, which are introduced beneath the surface of the melt, to burn or otherwise destroy thetuyeres or porous plugs through which the gas mixtures are introduced; and in order to reduce the concentration of carbon oxides significantly within the bubbles, extremely large volumes of argon are required, in the range of 500 scf/ton of steel refined. Also, oxides may form in the vicinity of the tuyeres which can flux the lining as they rise to the surface of the bath thereby decreasing lining life.
  • the process of this invention provides an economical and effective means to solve or greatly mitigate the abovenoted problems.
  • the process of the present invention is a process for producing stainless steel by the oxygen steel process which includes providing a liquid charge suitable for producing chromium-containing stainless steels in an oxygen steel converter having a tuyere in its bottom. introducing oxygen into the converter through a lance so that it impinges against or is introduced beneath the surface of the liquid charge in the converter, introducing an inert or endothermic gas through the tuyere in the bottom of the converter, and maintaining a subatmospheric pressure within the converter.
  • aliquid charge is referred to. the charge may be a mixture of liquid and solid material.
  • inert gas is intended to define a gas that does not participate to any significant extent in the reactions taking place in the converter.
  • Typical insert gases are argon and nitrogen.
  • endothermic gas is intended to define a gas that experiences an endothermic reaction in the bath but neither the gas nor its reaction products affect the metal product.
  • Water (steam). whichbreaks down to hydrogen and oxygen at the conditions within the bath, and CO which becomes oxygen and carbon monoxide. are two typical endothermic gases.
  • Argon is the preferred gas where low-nitrogen steels are to be made.
  • one or more tuyeres in the bottom of the converter are located on or near the center line of the bottom that lies in the same plane as the axis of rotation way or another for loading or discharging.
  • argon or other inert gas at a relatively high pressure so that expansion of the gas at the tuyere will produce a local cooling effect which will prevent or at least diminish damage to the tuyere from the heat of the surrounding molten charge.
  • tuyere(s) in the bottom section" of the converter as used in the specification and claims is intended to include the side walls of the converter at or near the actual lower most surface.
  • the tuyeres may either by inserted through the lining horizontally or vertically. In the horizontal case, the lining life will probably be poorer than when the tuyeres are centrally located, but mixing may be more thorough.
  • the converter must be maintained at subatmospheric pressure during the conversion process of this invention.
  • subatmospheric pressure is maintained by employing a sealed hood and providing a forced exhaust system capable of removing gaseous reaction products and inert gas at a sufficient rate to maintain the desired subatmospheric pressure.
  • the pressure in the conversion vessel will be progressively decreased as the conversion proceeds. Pressures of at most 100 mm Hg must be maintained, but lower pressures will frequently be required depending on the final alloy chemistry desired. For example, when carbon contents of 0.02 percent or lower are desired, a vessel pressure lower than mm Hg will usually be required.
  • each bubble of argon is an in situ carbon oxide vacuumwhich causes the carbon oxide to leave the melt and enter the bubbles, thereby driving the oxygen inventory toward carbon oxide production even at the higher pressures below the surface of the melt.
  • the bubbles of gas rising through the melt create violent agitation thereby exposing all portions of the molten material in the converter to the subatmospheric pressure at the surface thereby promoting the release of carbon oxides and the escape of them from the converter again, thereby driving the oxygen inventory toward the production of carbon oxides.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional elevation view of a device suitable for carrying out the process of the present invention taken along the line 1-1 of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional plan view of the device illustrated in FIG. 1 taken along the line 2-2.
  • FlGJ3 is a sectional elevation view of the device illustrated in FIG. 1 in position where molten metal is being discharged from the converter.
  • the drawings illustrate a converter 10 which is formed of a steel shell 11 and a refractory lining 12.
  • the converter is equipped with a supporting ring 13 upon which axles 15 are mounted for rotating the converter around a horizontal axis so that it may be tilted for loading and unloading.
  • the converter is equipped with a lance .16 which extends through a hood 17 via I the hood l7 and lance l6 withdrawn to a position well above the converter 10.
  • the converter 10 is rotated on the axles 15 to a tilted position wherein it receives a charge suitable for the production of stainless steel.
  • the charge includes molten iron, contains O-30 percent chromium, 0-80 percent nickel, 0.1-7 percent carbon and the usual impurities and conventional slag forming materials.
  • the tuyeres 22 are above the liquid level for the most part; however, to insure maintaining the tuyeres'open, a constant flow of gas, preferably air or nitrogen because they are inexpensive, is maintained through the tuyeres to avoid any possibility of molten metal entering them.
  • Conversion is effected by blowing oxygen through the lance onto the surface of the molten charge with sufficient force to cause a dimple in the surface of the charge as illustrated at 28.
  • a separate slag phase is not shown although one will exist in operation.
  • argon gas is passed through header 25, and ultimately through tuyeres 22, and bubbles violently through the molten metal maintained in converter 10.
  • the argon is introduced at a high pressure, at least 100 psi, so that it expands as it enters the molten metal bath to create a cooling effect immediately in the vicinity of the tuyeres thereby preserving the refractories in that area.
  • Argon is introduced at a rate of from 5-l00 scfm.
  • the low partial pressure of carbon oxides in the bubbles 27, the violent agitation effected by the rising bubbles of argon which exposes all portions of the molten metal 26 to the surface of the converter all tend to drive the reaction of oxygen with carbon rather than with iron or chromium and as a result there is very little formation of detrimental chromium oxides or wasteful iron oxides and a high production of carbon oxides per unit of oxygen introduced.
  • the pouring spout 30 is provided with a vacuum cap to prevent air from being drawn into the converter and to prevent the liquid charge from splashing out.
  • the product from the process may be a ferritic or austenitic stainless steel or nickel superalloy.
  • a process embodying the invention was employed to produce stainless steel containing a maximum of 0.025 percent carbon, from 1.5-1.9 percent manganese, from 0.3-0.6 percent silicon, from 18-19 percent chromium, from 8.75-10 percent nickel, a maximum of 0.04 percent phosphorus and 0.015 percent sulfur.
  • the process was initiated by tilting the vessel and charging it with 153,000 pounds of molten metal containing 0.96 percent carbon, 0.94 percent manganese, 0.031 percent phosphorus, 0.015 percent sulfur, 0.38 percent silicon, 19.05 percent chromium, 9.25 percent nickel and the balance substantially iron. Although the entire charge in this case was molten metal. the process may be effected using a charge that is partly molten and partly solid. The solid portion of the charge may include stainless steel scrap, ferrochromium alloys or other solid metal-bearing materials.
  • argon gas was passed through the bottom tuyeres to prevent fouling of those tuyeres by molten metal.
  • Argon gas was introduced at a rate of scfm. Nitrogen, carbon dioxide or even air may be passed through the tuyeres at this point in the process to conserve expensive argon.
  • the temperature of the bath after charging was 2,820 F.
  • the vessel When the charging of the vessel was complete, the vessel was rotated to vertical position and the hood was engaged with the top ofthe vessel to create a seal capable of holding a vacuum. The lance was lowered to a height of 40 inches above the surface of the bath, the
  • a permissable variation of the process of this invention is to start the oxygen blow before a vacuum is provided in the vessel so that the initial carbon burn is effected at atmospheric pressure. It is also a permissable variation of the process to deslag the vessel after a short atmospheric oxygen blow after which a subatmosphe'ric oxygen blow is effected.
  • the oxygen blow was effected at progressively decreasing oxygen rates and progressively lower absolute pressures.
  • Oxygen was blown into the vessel at 1,000 scfm under a chamber pressure of 180 mm Hg for a period of 10 minutes after which the oxygen blow rate was reduced to 850 scfm and the chamber pressure was diminished to 150 mm Hg.
  • the oxygen blow rate was diminished to 700 scfm and the chamber pressure diminished to mm Hg, and 5 minutes later the chamber pressure was diminished to 50 mm Hg.
  • the oxygen blow rate was diminished to 450 scfm and the chamber pressure diminished to 35 mm Hg, and after another 9 minutes oxygen blowing was terminated, and the chamber pressure was diminished to 6 mm Hg.
  • the argon flow rate was then increased to 30 scfm and the chamber pressure progressively reduced to 0.6 mm Hg over a period of 16 minutes, after which the vacuum seal was broken and the vessel was rotated in order to take a test sample and to measure the bath temperature.
  • the test sample was analyzed to determine what later additions would be required to adjust the chemistry, and the bath temperature was found to be 3,080 F.
  • the sample was found to contain 0.009 percent carbon, 0.58 percent manganese, 0.03 percent phosphorus, 0.014 percent sulfur, 18.4 percent chromium, 9.38 percent nickel and 0.08 percent silicon.
  • a refining slag consisting of 2,500 lbs of burnt lime, 300 lbs of fluorspar and 250 lbs of 50 percent ferrosilicon, was then added to the vessel; and the vessel was rotated to the vertical position and stirred with argon to fuse the slag.
  • the refining slag was added to further reduce the sulfur content of the metal.
  • the vessel was again tilted and 1,380 lbs of electrolytic manganese was added to bring the metal within the specifications.
  • the bath temperature was again measured and found to be 2,930 F and the vessel was further stirred with argon to insure that the manganese addition was uniformly distributed.
  • the vessel was then tilted again and deslagged, rotated to the vertical position, covered and evacuated to aid in decreasing the temperature of the bath and finally tapped into a teeming ladle.
  • the final chemistry of the metal was found to be 0.007 percent carbon, 1.58 percent managanese, 0.03 percent phosphorus, 0.009 percent sulfur, 18.32 percent chromium, 9.28 percent nickel and 0.48 percent silicon.
  • a process for producing stainless steel comprising:
  • the inert gas comprises argon introduced at a rate of about 5-100 scfm.
  • the final pressure in said converter is at most 20 mm Hg absolute.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)
US00370904A 1973-06-18 1973-06-18 Process for production of stainless steel Expired - Lifetime US3854932A (en)

Priority Applications (12)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00370904A US3854932A (en) 1973-06-18 1973-06-18 Process for production of stainless steel
AU68709/74A AU6870974A (en) 1973-06-18 1974-05-08 Production of stainless steel
FR7417709A FR2233401B1 (pt) 1973-06-18 1974-05-21
CA200,538A CA1017951A (en) 1973-06-18 1974-05-22 Process for production of stainless steel
BE144678A BE815451A (fr) 1973-06-18 1974-05-22 Procede de fabrication d'acier inoxydable au convertisseur a oxygene
ES426785A ES426785A1 (es) 1973-06-18 1974-05-30 Procedimiento de produccion de acero inoxidable.
JP49063302A JPS5839885B2 (ja) 1973-06-18 1974-06-04 フシユウコウノセイゾウホウホウ
IT51417/74A IT1013389B (it) 1973-06-18 1974-06-06 Procedimento per la produzione di acciaio inossicabile
DE2428465A DE2428465C2 (de) 1973-06-18 1974-06-12 Verfahren zum Herstellen von rostfreiem Stahl
GB2667174A GB1451013A (en) 1973-06-18 1974-06-17 Process for production of stainless steel
BR4909/74A BR7404909D0 (pt) 1973-06-18 1974-06-17 Processo para produzir aco inoxidavel
SE7408052A SE424448B (sv) 1973-06-18 1974-06-18 Forfarande for framstellning av rostfritt stal

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US00370904A US3854932A (en) 1973-06-18 1973-06-18 Process for production of stainless steel

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US3854932A true US3854932A (en) 1974-12-17

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JP (1) JPS5839885B2 (pt)
AU (1) AU6870974A (pt)
BE (1) BE815451A (pt)
BR (1) BR7404909D0 (pt)
CA (1) CA1017951A (pt)
DE (1) DE2428465C2 (pt)
ES (1) ES426785A1 (pt)
FR (1) FR2233401B1 (pt)
GB (1) GB1451013A (pt)
IT (1) IT1013389B (pt)
SE (1) SE424448B (pt)

Cited By (71)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US3953199A (en) * 1973-02-12 1976-04-27 Vereinigte Osterreichische Eisenund Stahlwerke Process for refining pig iron
US3960546A (en) * 1974-05-22 1976-06-01 United States Steel Corporation Method for eliminating nose-skulls from steelmaking vessels
US4002467A (en) * 1974-01-30 1977-01-11 Verfahrenstechnik Dr.-Ing. Kurt Baum Method for recovering reaction gases from steel converters which are bottom blown with oxygen and cooled with hydrocarbons
US4004920A (en) * 1975-05-05 1977-01-25 United States Steel Corporation Method of producing low nitrogen steel
US4057421A (en) * 1974-10-22 1977-11-08 Sumitomo Metal Industries Limited Process for vacuum decarburization of steel
US4071356A (en) * 1976-11-24 1978-01-31 Nippon Steel Corporation Method for refining a molten steel in vacuum
US4081270A (en) * 1977-04-11 1978-03-28 Union Carbide Corporation Renitrogenation of basic-oxygen steels during decarburization
US4089677A (en) * 1976-05-28 1978-05-16 British Steel Corporation Metal refining method and apparatus
US4141723A (en) * 1976-09-20 1979-02-27 Institut De Recherches De La Siderurgie Francaise (Irsid) Process for producing stainless steel
US4160664A (en) * 1977-01-25 1979-07-10 Nisshin Steel Co. Ltd. Process for producing ultra-low carbon stainless steel
US4168158A (en) * 1977-12-08 1979-09-18 Kawasaki Steel Corporation Method for producing alloy steels having a high chromium content and an extremely low carbon content
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US4178173A (en) * 1977-08-22 1979-12-11 Fried. Krupp Huttenwerke Aktiengesellschaft Process for producing stainless steels
US4218241A (en) * 1977-08-03 1980-08-19 Gottfried Bischoff Bau Kompl. Gasreinigungs- Und Wasserruckkuhlanlagen Gmbh & Co. Kommanditgesellschaft Method of recovering energy from converter exhaust gases
JPS55158213A (en) * 1979-05-29 1980-12-09 Daido Steel Co Ltd Pefining method of chromium containing steel
US4239190A (en) * 1978-05-16 1980-12-16 Verfahrenstechnik Dr. Ing. Kurt Baum Structure for collecting exhaust gases from a converter
DE3029343A1 (de) * 1979-08-02 1981-02-26 Nippon Kokan Kk Konverter-stahlherstellungsverfahren
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US4328031A (en) * 1979-12-28 1982-05-04 Creusot-Loire Method of mixed blowing for refining metals in a converter
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US4348227A (en) * 1979-08-07 1982-09-07 Eisenwerk-Gesellschaft Maximilianshutte Mbh Process for producing steel with low hydrogen content in a through-blowing oxygen converter
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US4353533A (en) * 1980-02-18 1982-10-12 Kawasaki Steel Corporation Bottom tuyeres in an oxygen top-blown converter
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US4358314A (en) * 1980-09-03 1982-11-09 British Steel Corporation Metal refining process
US4369060A (en) * 1980-01-09 1983-01-18 Arbed S.A. Process of refining of a metal bath in a crucible with oxygen blast at the top and crucible used
US4397684A (en) * 1981-03-11 1983-08-09 Institut De Recherches De La Siderurgie Francaise Irsid Process for pneumatic stirring of a bath of molten metal
US4397685A (en) * 1982-03-26 1983-08-09 Union Carbide Corporation Production of ultra low carbon steel by the basic oxygen process
US4398949A (en) * 1980-12-18 1983-08-16 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho Method for stably refining high carbon steel
US4410359A (en) * 1982-09-03 1983-10-18 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation Process for production of stainless steel
US4411697A (en) * 1981-06-19 1983-10-25 British Steel Corporation Metal refining processes
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US4420334A (en) * 1980-09-19 1983-12-13 Kawasaki Steel Corporation Method for controlling the bottom-blowing gas in top-and-bottom blown converter steel making
US4431443A (en) * 1982-12-17 1984-02-14 Wentzell Joseph M Methods of vacuum arc melting
US4436553A (en) 1982-01-22 1984-03-13 Union Carbide Corporation Process to produce low hydrogen steel
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US4474605A (en) * 1981-03-03 1984-10-02 Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. Process for refining high-chromium steels
US4488903A (en) * 1984-03-14 1984-12-18 Union Carbide Corporation Rapid decarburization steelmaking process
FR2551089A1 (fr) * 1983-08-26 1985-03-01 Lenin Kohaszati Muvek Procede de fabrication d'aciers a faible teneur en carbone par reglage du point de decarburation et de la temperature de soufflage
US4514220A (en) * 1984-04-26 1985-04-30 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation Method for producing steel in a top-blown vessel
US4517015A (en) * 1983-02-12 1985-05-14 Daido Tokushuko Kabushiki Kaisha Steel refining method
US4529442A (en) * 1984-04-26 1985-07-16 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation Method for producing steel in a top oxygen blown vessel
US4565574A (en) * 1984-11-19 1986-01-21 Nippon Steel Corporation Process for production of high-chromium alloy by smelting reduction
US4592778A (en) * 1983-09-14 1986-06-03 Kawasaki Steel Company Steelmaking of an extremely low carbon steel in a converter
US4596600A (en) * 1984-03-02 1986-06-24 Kawasaki Steel Corporation Steel-making process in converter
US4599107A (en) * 1985-05-20 1986-07-08 Union Carbide Corporation Method for controlling secondary top-blown oxygen in subsurface pneumatic steel refining
US4647306A (en) * 1984-07-20 1987-03-03 Klockner Cra Technologie Gmbh Process for the treatment of metal melts with scavenging gas
US4650517A (en) * 1985-05-29 1987-03-17 Nippon Kokan Kabushiki Kaisha Method of heating molten steel by arc process
EP0222397A2 (en) * 1985-11-13 1987-05-20 Nippon Kokan Kabushiki Kaisha Method for melting and reducing chrome ore
US4792352A (en) * 1986-01-20 1988-12-20 Nippon Kokan Kabushiki Kaisha Method for manufacturing steel through smelting reduction
US4808220A (en) * 1987-03-11 1989-02-28 Thyssen Stahl Ag Process for the preparation of refined ferromanganese
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US4927457A (en) * 1987-02-02 1990-05-22 Nippon Kokan Kabushiki Kaisha Method of manufacturing low carbon ferro-chromium
US4944799A (en) * 1987-09-10 1990-07-31 Nkk Corporation Method of producing stainless molten steel by smelting reduction
US5047081A (en) * 1987-09-09 1991-09-10 Nkk Corporation Method of decarburizing high chromium molten metal
US5112387A (en) * 1991-08-21 1992-05-12 Instituto Mexicano De Investigaciones Siderurgicas Producing stainless steels in electric arc furnaces without secondary processing
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US5609669A (en) * 1993-11-22 1997-03-11 Brunner; Mikael Method of manufacturing stainless steel
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US20130106035A1 (en) * 2010-07-06 2013-05-02 Shinagawa Refractories Co., Ltd. Gas blowing nozzle
CN115466815A (zh) * 2022-09-27 2022-12-13 鞍钢股份有限公司 一种高碳钢控制氮含量方法

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CN1299308C (zh) * 2004-07-30 2007-02-07 常熟开关制造有限公司(原常熟开关厂） 自动转换开关的指示装置
DE102014201827A1 (de) * 2013-11-27 2015-05-28 Sms Siemag Ag Verfahren zur Steuerung des Entkohlungsreaktionspotentials einer kohlenstoffhaltigen Metallschmelze während einer Sauerstoff-Inertgas-Blas- und Vakuumbehandlung

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US4443252A (en) * 1982-03-26 1984-04-17 Hoogovens Groep B.V. Process for producing steel in a converter from pig iron and ferrous scrap
US4417719A (en) * 1982-08-10 1983-11-29 Kawasaki Steel Corporation Top-and-bottom blown converter
US4410359A (en) * 1982-09-03 1983-10-18 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation Process for production of stainless steel
US4431443A (en) * 1982-12-17 1984-02-14 Wentzell Joseph M Methods of vacuum arc melting
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EP0160376A2 (en) * 1984-04-26 1985-11-06 Allegheny Ludlum Corporation Method for producing steel in a top oxygen blown vessel
US4529442A (en) * 1984-04-26 1985-07-16 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation Method for producing steel in a top oxygen blown vessel
EP0160376A3 (en) * 1984-04-26 1989-07-26 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation Method for producing steel in a top oxygen blown vessel
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US4650517A (en) * 1985-05-29 1987-03-17 Nippon Kokan Kabushiki Kaisha Method of heating molten steel by arc process
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US4783219A (en) * 1985-11-13 1988-11-08 Nippon Kokan Kabushiki Kaisha Method for melting and reducing chrome ore
EP0222397A3 (en) * 1985-11-13 1989-06-07 Nippon Kokan Kabushiki Kaisha Method for melting and reducing chrome ore method for melting and reducing chrome ore
US4792352A (en) * 1986-01-20 1988-12-20 Nippon Kokan Kabushiki Kaisha Method for manufacturing steel through smelting reduction
US4927457A (en) * 1987-02-02 1990-05-22 Nippon Kokan Kabushiki Kaisha Method of manufacturing low carbon ferro-chromium
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US4944799A (en) * 1987-09-10 1990-07-31 Nkk Corporation Method of producing stainless molten steel by smelting reduction
US4919713A (en) * 1988-02-24 1990-04-24 Kawasaki Steel Corp. Process for producing chromium containing molten iron
US5112387A (en) * 1991-08-21 1992-05-12 Instituto Mexicano De Investigaciones Siderurgicas Producing stainless steels in electric arc furnaces without secondary processing
US5609669A (en) * 1993-11-22 1997-03-11 Brunner; Mikael Method of manufacturing stainless steel
US5540753A (en) * 1994-07-27 1996-07-30 Nippon Steel Corporation Method for refining chromium-containing molten steel by decarburization
US6162387A (en) * 1997-02-28 2000-12-19 Nippon Steel Corporation Vacuum refining furnace
US20130106035A1 (en) * 2010-07-06 2013-05-02 Shinagawa Refractories Co., Ltd. Gas blowing nozzle
US9109838B2 (en) * 2010-07-06 2015-08-18 Shinagawa Refractories Co., Ltd. Gas blowing nozzle
CN115466815A (zh) * 2022-09-27 2022-12-13 鞍钢股份有限公司 一种高碳钢控制氮含量方法
CN115466815B (zh) * 2022-09-27 2023-07-14 鞍钢股份有限公司 一种高碳钢控制氮含量方法

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CA1017951A (en) 1977-09-27
FR2233401B1 (pt) 1978-10-27
GB1451013A (en) 1976-09-29
IT1013389B (it) 1977-03-30
BR7404909D0 (pt) 1975-01-07
FR2233401A1 (pt) 1975-01-10
JPS5839885B2 (ja) 1983-09-02
ES426785A1 (es) 1976-07-16
DE2428465C2 (de) 1984-03-15
SE7408052L (pt) 1974-12-19
JPS5022709A (pt) 1975-03-11
SE424448B (sv) 1982-07-19
BE815451A (fr) 1974-11-22
AU6870974A (en) 1975-11-13
DE2428465A1 (de) 1975-01-09

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