US3833968A - Metallic card clothing - Google Patents

Metallic card clothing Download PDF

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Publication number
US3833968A
US3833968A US00231949A US23194972A US3833968A US 3833968 A US3833968 A US 3833968A US 00231949 A US00231949 A US 00231949A US 23194972 A US23194972 A US 23194972A US 3833968 A US3833968 A US 3833968A
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Prior art keywords
carbide
wire
metallic
layer
steel
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00231949A
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English (en)
Inventor
T Arai
M Mizutani
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Toyota Central R&D Labs Inc
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Toyota Central R&D Labs Inc
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21F—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF METAL WIRE
    • B21F45/00—Wire-working in the manufacture of other particular articles
    • B21F45/10—Wire-working in the manufacture of other particular articles of cards for fabric-napping machines
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01G—PRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01G15/00—Carding machines or accessories; Card clothing; Burr-crushing or removing arrangements associated with carding or other preliminary-treatment machines
    • D01G15/84—Card clothing; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • D01G15/88—Card clothing; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for formed from metal sheets or strips
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/923—Physical dimension
    • Y10S428/924—Composite
    • Y10S428/926—Thickness of individual layer specified
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12201—Width or thickness variation or marginal cuts repeating longitudinally
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12951—Fe-base component
    • Y10T428/12972—Containing 0.01-1.7% carbon [i.e., steel]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2922—Nonlinear [e.g., crimped, coiled, etc.]

Definitions

  • FIG. 1 is a partial perspective view of a conventional metallic wire
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-section of the-metallic wire shown in FIG. 1, being taken along the section line IIII shown therein;
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a metallic wire according to the presentinvention which is shown by way of example in the. stage of manufacturing stage attached on a dip treatment jig; and V FIGS. 4-6 represent several photomicrographs manually reproduced of a part of the working part of the metallic wireaccording to this invention, the magnification being 200 times, and more specifically, FIG. 4 showing a covering layer of chromium carbide; FIG. 5 that of vanadium carbide and FIG. 6 that of iron boride.
  • numeral 1 denotes a conventional representative metallic wire which is provided with a saw-tooth working part denoted with numeral 11.
  • the saw-tooth of the metallic wire serves for combing the fibers and for opening the fiber mass.
  • the saw tooth-shaped working portion 11 of the metallic wire must have a highly wear-resistant and smooth surface.
  • the saw-tooth working portion 11 of the metallic wire is kept in sliding contact with the fibers being treated while they are flowing at a high speed, thereby said portion is subjected to severe wearing.
  • this disadvantageous tendency is highly remarkable and recessed strips will develop on the working surfaces, resulting in frequent unintentional cuttingoff of the fibers.
  • the fibers may frequently entangle around the saw-teeth, which invites frequently insufficient fiber openings. Uneven thickness of the product yarns and increased development of naps thereon will thus be unavoidably and disadvantageously invited.
  • the degree of the antiwearing property at least of the working portions of metallic wires plays an important role in the manufacture of spun fiber products, especially yarns.
  • it should have a highly smooth working surfaces.
  • the metallic wire is generally prepared from steel which is quench hardened, especially at its working regions.
  • the durable life thereof is very short.
  • a representative counter measure against excessive wearing of the metallic wire is to spray a molten hard material on the working surface thereof.
  • substantial improvement in the antiwearing characteristics can be obtained by the above measure over that of the quench hardening, an appreciable toughening of the working surfacethus treated may generally be encountered.
  • special means are necessary for carrying out this kind of surface-improving technique, which invited, naturally an increased cost of necessary investment.
  • the aforementioned kinds of carbides of boride represent a high degree of hardness and have highly durable antiwearing performance, thus providing the aforementioned desired characteristics for the metallic wire to a satisfying degree.
  • the metallic wire improved in the aforementioned way represents high superiority in surface hardness as -well as antiwearing performance and surface smoothness over those prepared by the conventional hardening and surface-improving techniques including the electroplating process.
  • the protecting layer formed by reliance of any one of r the aforementioned known processes the bonding of the protecting layer with the mother steel is primarily of a mechanical nature and thus of appreciably inferior nature.
  • the carbideor borideforming elements diffuse into the mother steel, resulting in the aforementioned formation of carbideor boride-layer on the surface of the mother steel.
  • This layer represents a very smooth surface.
  • such layer is very even and of uniform thickness, in spite of the substantially complicated configuration of the working portion of metallic wire.
  • the bonding of the protecting layer with the mother steel is metallurgical, caused by the mutual diffusion and characterized by its very strong nature.
  • the metallic wire according to this invention has a protecting layer having a highly smooth and wear-resistant surface, an even and uniform thickness, and a metallurgical bond between the layer and the mother steel.
  • the metallic wire according to this invention is highly advantageous. With uneven thickness of the protecting layer, a corresponding variation of the configuration, especially at the working portion, will result which means a substantial drawback in the art.
  • the employment of an additional and separate finish or correction grinding after formation of the protecting layer on the metallic wire with a rather complicated configuration will consume a substantial amount of additional labor and invite substantial technical difficulty.
  • the sawtoothed working portion of the metallic wire has the desired precise configuration, thus providing the desired optimum function and a highly improved durability.
  • the diffusion treatment in the above sense can be carried out in any one of the following several ways.
  • the mother steel of the metallic wire previously shaped to its final shape is held in the dipped manner for a certain predetermined time period within a molten salt mixture comprising a material containing the desired element such as vanadium or the like necessary for the formation of said protecting layer, and borax, fluoride and/or chloride.
  • the immersing step for the metallic wire is carried out by use of the electrical current so as to invite an electrolytic action between the mother steel and the molten bath materials.
  • the mother steel is embedded in a powdery mass containing the aforementioned several materials including the layerforming basic element or coated with a paste-like mass comprising said materials, and then held at an elevated temperature.
  • the mother steel is heated in a mixed gas atmosphere comprising a gaseous halide such as fluoride or chloride of the carbideor boride-forming elements, and a carrier gas such as hydrogen, argon or the like.
  • a gaseous halide such as fluoride or chloride of the carbideor boride-forming elements
  • a carrier gas such as hydrogen, argon or the like.
  • the carbide may form by reaction of vanadium or like element with carbon in the steel during the diffusing step.
  • an additional amount of carbon enough necessary for the sufficient formation of the carbide, can be supplied to the diffusion treatment material(s). It is generally sufficient to form the carbide or boride coating substantially exclusively upon the working portion of the metallic wire under normal conditions.
  • a combing wire, as shown at l in FIG. 1 was prepared by proper machining from a carbon steel stock containing 0.4% carbon, so as to have a saw-tooth shaped working portion as shown at 11 therein and adapted for use on a conventional open end spinning machine and immersed in a molten salt bath consisting of a mixture of borax and iron-chromium alloy. In this way, a protecting layer consisting of chromium carbide (Cr C was formed on the surface of the combing wire.
  • Cr C chromium carbide
  • the wire 1, having a length of 2 meters was coiled around a jig 2 having a cross section of a cross, with the both ends of said wire fixedly attached to metallic positioners 3 which were attached in turn fixedly on the jig.
  • This jig and wire assembly shown in FIG. 3, was immersed for 16 hours in a molten salt bath, held at 950C, consisting of 5.95 kg of borax and 1.05 kg of ferro-chromium alloy (chromium content: 67%). The combing wire was then taken out from the molten salt bath and cooled down in the open atmosphere.
  • the removed assembly was washed with clean water and the wire 1 was removed from the jig 2.
  • FIG. 4 A manually reproduced photomicrograph (magnification being 200 times) of a part of the cross-section taken substantially along the section line IIII is shown in FIG. 4, representing a part of the working portion of the wire.
  • An overall cross-section is shown in FIG. 2.
  • a whitish peripheral layer appearing in FIG. 4 represents the protecting layer, having a smooth surface and a substantially even thickness of about 10 microns tron microscope taken from the protecting layer andthe marginal portion existing directly therebelow in the mother steel, and in addition, by taking several X-ray diffraction spectra from the surface of the protecting.
  • One of the saw-teeth was kept in sliding engagement with a polyester multifilament, 150 denier, consisting of 30 monofilaments and running at 300 m/min., with a test load of g. t
  • the wire was attached to the combing roller of a conventional open end spinning machine and it was found that the wire became defective by forming wearing stripes on the teeth after continued use of about 2,100 hours.
  • the quenched conventional wire became defective upon continued use of about 500 hours by forming wearing stripes on the teeth. After lapse of 550-hour service period, these stripes became appreciable and fibers were entangled. The desired fiber opening operation was substantially disturbed and frequent breakage of the produced yarn was observed.
  • the diameter of the combing roller amounted to about 65 mm.
  • the revolutional speed of the roller was measured at 6,400 r.p.m.
  • the fiber was polyester.
  • EXAMPLE 2 A similar combing wire was prepared from 1.2%- carbon steel and coiled around the jig shown in FIG. 3. This wire was dipped in a molten salt bath, 950C, for 16 hours, said bath consisting of 5.6 kg of borax and 1.4 kg of ferro-vanadium alloy (including 52% of vanadium). Then, the wire was taken out from the bath, cooled down as before and washed with warm water.
  • FIG. 5 a photomicrograph, 200 times magnified and manually reproduced is seen.
  • the protecting layer was formed, having a smooth surface and substantially uniform thickness which amounted to about 8 microns.
  • the protecting cover was found to consist substantially of vanadium carbide. The surface hardness was measured to about Hv 3,000.
  • EXAMPLE 3 A similar combing wire as before was prepared from a 0.4%-carbon steel and wound on the jig as before.
  • This wire was then dipped in a molten salt bath, 900C, for 1 hour, said bath consisting substantially of 4.2. kg of borax and 2.8 kg of boron carbide (8 C). Then, the wire was taken out from the bath, and cooled down in the open atmosphere, whereupon it was washed with warm water as before.
  • FIG. 6 Upon tested and observed as before, a photomicrograph was taken as shown in FIG. 6 which was, however, manually reproduced by virture of printing difficulties.
  • the wire teeth were covered with a protecting layer, about 20 microns thick.
  • This layer was analysed to consist substantially of borides (FeB and Fe B).
  • the thickness of this protecting layer was substantially uniform and the surface condition was very smooth.
  • the hardness of the protecting layer was measured to Hv 1,700.
  • the region of the mother material in proximity to the protecting layer was observed as diffused with boron.
  • a metallic wire made of steel was sprayed with a mixture of 8% cobalt and the remainder of tungsten carbide, or a further mixture of 25% tungsten carbide, 7% nickel and remainder tungstenchromium carbide on the sawtooth working portion of the metallic wire to form a protecting layer, which wire was then used in practice on an open end spinning machine.
  • These wires were durable for about 3,000 hours of practical use.
  • the wire above prepared in accordance with the prior technique invited substantial yarn breakage and development of scum, resulting in a substantially poor yarn quality. This drawback may be attributable to rough surface conditions of the protecting layer.
  • a metallic card clothing wire made of steel having a base portion and a toothed working portion; at least said tooth working portion having a hard layer diffused onto the steel selected from a group consisting of vanadium carbide, niobium carbide and tantalum carbide; and said diffused hard layer having a smooth working surface and a uniform thickness so as to be extremely wear-resistant when combing synthetics.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
US00231949A 1971-03-09 1972-03-06 Metallic card clothing Expired - Lifetime US3833968A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP46012895A JPS5210935B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-03-09 1971-03-09

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3833968A true US3833968A (en) 1974-09-10

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ID=11818115

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00231949A Expired - Lifetime US3833968A (en) 1971-03-09 1972-03-06 Metallic card clothing

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US3833968A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5210935B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH530481A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2211991C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2128779B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1375772A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT957544B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3953178A (en) * 1972-08-09 1976-04-27 Engel Niels N Coated metal product
US4044427A (en) * 1976-05-21 1977-08-30 Rogers Corporation Comber roll
US4211583A (en) * 1977-10-11 1980-07-08 Eadie Bros. & Co. Limited Card-clothing wire
US4221022A (en) * 1978-04-07 1980-09-09 Howa Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Apparatus for stripping the carded web from the doffer cylinder of the textile carding machine
US4287643A (en) * 1977-09-13 1981-09-08 Trutzschler Gmbh & Co. Carding element
US4580510A (en) * 1985-01-23 1986-04-08 Hirose Manufacturing Company Limited Looper
US5516591A (en) * 1992-11-13 1996-05-14 Feldstein; Nathan Composite plated articles having light-emitting properties
US5547709A (en) * 1993-04-29 1996-08-20 Elektroschmelzwerk Kempten Gmbh Surface treatment of opening rollers for open end spinning
US5891523A (en) * 1992-01-31 1999-04-06 Surface Technology, Inc. Method for manufacturing metallized heat treated precision articles
US6006511A (en) * 1997-02-28 1999-12-28 Rieter Ingolstadt Spinnereimaschinenbau Ag Separating roll for an open end spinning machine
DE19951775C1 (de) * 1999-10-27 2001-01-11 Kempten Elektroschmelz Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Garniturdrahts für das Open-End-Spinnen
US6866619B2 (en) 2001-10-11 2005-03-15 Rieter Ingolstadt Spinnereimaschinenbau Ag Disintegrator roll with a coated accessory wire
US6978594B2 (en) 2001-02-14 2005-12-27 Rieter Ingolstadt Process for the manufacture of a disintegrating roll of an open-end spinning apparatus as well as a disintegrating roll made by such a process
US20070204438A1 (en) * 2006-03-02 2007-09-06 Graf Ralph A Combing device for a circular comb and method for the manufacture of the combing device

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2518060C2 (de) * 1975-04-23 1986-07-17 Hollingsworth Gmbh, 7265 Neubulach Sägezahndraht für eine Vorreißerwalze für Offenend-Spinnmaschinen
JPS53130841U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1977-03-24 1978-10-17
DE3026210A1 (de) * 1980-07-10 1982-02-11 Hollingsworth Gmbh, 7265 Neubulach Verfahren zum erhoehen der verschleissfestigkeit des saegezahndrahtbeschlages der trommel einer karde
GB2146669B (en) * 1983-09-19 1987-05-13 Holdsworth And Brothers Limite Card clothing
DE3626428A1 (de) * 1986-08-05 1988-02-11 Reiners & Fuerst Verfahren zum vergueten der oberflaeche einer aufloesewalze
EP0953662B2 (de) † 1998-04-30 2005-05-25 Graf + Cie AG Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Einrichtung für das Behandeln von Textilfasern
DE102009038329A1 (de) * 2009-08-20 2011-02-24 Oerlikon Textile Gmbh & Co. Kg Träger zur Aufnahme eines schraubenlinienförmig vorgeformten Garniturdrahtes
CH721293A1 (de) 2023-11-14 2025-05-30 Graf Cie Ag Verfahren zur Beschichtung von Garniturelementen und Garniturelemente mit verchromter Oberfläche

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2732321A (en) * 1956-01-24 Plating processes and compositions
US2872348A (en) * 1946-05-06 1959-02-03 Lowell D Eubank Fused salt method for coating uranium with a metal
US3387338A (en) * 1964-10-30 1968-06-11 Kanai Hiroyuki Metallic card clothing
FR1551309A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1967-02-08 1968-12-27
US3634145A (en) * 1968-12-09 1972-01-11 Triangle Ind Inc Case-hardened metals
US3671297A (en) * 1970-03-06 1972-06-20 Toyoda Chuo Kenkyusho Kk Method of chromizing in a fused salt bath

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB959533A (en) * 1961-10-26 1964-06-03 Gen Motors Corp Process of boronizing metal or alloy surfaces
US3201286A (en) * 1962-03-15 1965-08-17 Gen Motors Corp Method of boronizing
US3719518A (en) * 1969-11-01 1973-03-06 Toyoda Chuo Kenkyusho Kk Process of forming a carbide layer of vanadium, niobium or tantalum upon a steel surface

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2732321A (en) * 1956-01-24 Plating processes and compositions
US2872348A (en) * 1946-05-06 1959-02-03 Lowell D Eubank Fused salt method for coating uranium with a metal
US3387338A (en) * 1964-10-30 1968-06-11 Kanai Hiroyuki Metallic card clothing
FR1551309A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1967-02-08 1968-12-27
US3634145A (en) * 1968-12-09 1972-01-11 Triangle Ind Inc Case-hardened metals
US3671297A (en) * 1970-03-06 1972-06-20 Toyoda Chuo Kenkyusho Kk Method of chromizing in a fused salt bath

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3953178A (en) * 1972-08-09 1976-04-27 Engel Niels N Coated metal product
US4044427A (en) * 1976-05-21 1977-08-30 Rogers Corporation Comber roll
US4287643A (en) * 1977-09-13 1981-09-08 Trutzschler Gmbh & Co. Carding element
US4211583A (en) * 1977-10-11 1980-07-08 Eadie Bros. & Co. Limited Card-clothing wire
US4221022A (en) * 1978-04-07 1980-09-09 Howa Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Apparatus for stripping the carded web from the doffer cylinder of the textile carding machine
US4580510A (en) * 1985-01-23 1986-04-08 Hirose Manufacturing Company Limited Looper
US5891523A (en) * 1992-01-31 1999-04-06 Surface Technology, Inc. Method for manufacturing metallized heat treated precision articles
US5516591A (en) * 1992-11-13 1996-05-14 Feldstein; Nathan Composite plated articles having light-emitting properties
US5547709A (en) * 1993-04-29 1996-08-20 Elektroschmelzwerk Kempten Gmbh Surface treatment of opening rollers for open end spinning
US6006511A (en) * 1997-02-28 1999-12-28 Rieter Ingolstadt Spinnereimaschinenbau Ag Separating roll for an open end spinning machine
DE19951775C1 (de) * 1999-10-27 2001-01-11 Kempten Elektroschmelz Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Garniturdrahts für das Open-End-Spinnen
US6475565B1 (en) 1999-10-27 2002-11-05 Elektroschmelzwerk Kempten Gmbh Process for producing a clothing wire for open-end spinning
US6978594B2 (en) 2001-02-14 2005-12-27 Rieter Ingolstadt Process for the manufacture of a disintegrating roll of an open-end spinning apparatus as well as a disintegrating roll made by such a process
US6866619B2 (en) 2001-10-11 2005-03-15 Rieter Ingolstadt Spinnereimaschinenbau Ag Disintegrator roll with a coated accessory wire
US20050055821A1 (en) * 2001-10-11 2005-03-17 Josef Schermer Disintegrator roll with a coated accessory wire
US20070204438A1 (en) * 2006-03-02 2007-09-06 Graf Ralph A Combing device for a circular comb and method for the manufacture of the combing device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2128779A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-10-20
DE2211991B2 (de) 1975-03-27
FR2128779B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-12-13
IT957544B (it) 1973-10-20
CH530481A (de) 1972-11-15
DE2211991A1 (de) 1972-10-05
GB1375772A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-11-27
DE2211991C3 (de) 1975-11-27
JPS5210935B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1977-03-28

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