US3703279A - Reactor - Google Patents

Reactor Download PDF

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Publication number
US3703279A
US3703279A US850358A US3703279DA US3703279A US 3703279 A US3703279 A US 3703279A US 850358 A US850358 A US 850358A US 3703279D A US3703279D A US 3703279DA US 3703279 A US3703279 A US 3703279A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
vessel
reaction vessel
tuyere
improved
section
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US850358A
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English (en)
Inventor
Joseph M Saccomano
John D Ellis Jr
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Union Carbide Industrial Gases Technology Corp
Joslyn Manufacturing and Supply Co
Original Assignee
Joslyn Manufacturing and Supply Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Joslyn Manufacturing and Supply Co filed Critical Joslyn Manufacturing and Supply Co
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Publication of US3703279A publication Critical patent/US3703279A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Assigned to UNION CARBIDE INDUSTRIAL GASES TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE. reassignment UNION CARBIDE INDUSTRIAL GASES TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: UNION CARBIDE INDUSTRIAL GASES INC.
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/16—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
    • C21C5/46—Details or accessories
    • C21C5/48—Bottoms or tuyéres of converters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
    • C21C7/072—Treatment with gases
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/10—Nuclear fusion reactors

Definitions

  • an improved reactor for the refining of molten metals including an improved reaction vessel generally circular in cross section for holding a charge of molten metal, and having a lower side wall portion of the container sloping inwardly.
  • a cover is provided on the container having edge areas projecting abruptly inwardly and having an elongated pouring spout radially inwardly of the edge areas.
  • the reaction vessel is provided with an improved tuyere formed generally of concentric tubes of constant cross section so that the cross section of the tuyere remains constant as the tuyere erodes away with the erosion of the inner lining during successive heats of refined metal.
  • This application relates to an improved reactor, and more specifically to a reactor for the refining of molten metals such as stainless steel and the like. More specifically, the invention is directed to an improved reaction vessel for the refining of molten metals, and to an improved tuyere for blowing of fluid mixtures into the reaction vessel.
  • the vessel since the vessel must be frequently rebuilt, it would be desirable if: (I) the vessel were removable from its support so that another vessel could be supplied by the furnace during the down or rebuilt time and thereby permit continuous operation; and (2) with a splash control feature, the vessel size would be reduced and less refractory would be required for rebuilding.
  • Yet another object of the present invention is the provision of an improved tuyere for a reaction vessel.
  • Another object of the present invention is the provision of an improved tuyere for a reaction vessel which has a life approximate to that of the vessel lining.
  • an improved reactor for the refining of molten metals, and particularly for the refining of stainless steel by an argon-oxygen decarbonization process wherein the reactor includes a readily replaceable reaction vessel carried by a vessel support structure.
  • the vessel support structure is pivotally mounted on trunnion means to a frame, and drive means are provided for rotating the support structure for charging and tapping the vessel.
  • the reaction vessel may readily be removed from the supporting structure for rebuilding or reconstruction of the vessel lining.
  • the improved reaction vessel includes a lower wall portion sloping inwardly, with tuyeres positioned in the inwardly sloping portion thereof.
  • the vessel is designed to be charged with molten metal to a level above the lower sloping portion.
  • the sloping portion provides for moving the tuyeres in toward the center of the vessel so that the mixing of the argon-oxygen gases occurs closer to the center of the heat, the boiling action resulting therefrom taking place away from the side walls of the vessel and minimizing erosion thereof.
  • the sloping bottom increases the depth of metal in the vessel and thereby increases the time that the argon-oxygen mixture passes through the molten metal.
  • the tuyeres are each formed of concentric tubes having a uniform cross section so that they are consumable with the vessel lining and last the life of the lining without a change in the characteristics of the tuyeres. Moreover, advantageously, the tuyeres provide for straight flow of the gaseous mixture, thereby preventing erosion and diverting the stream of gas mixture into the molten metal.
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of the improved reactor
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional elevational view of the reaction vessel
  • FIG. 3 is a fragmentary exploded perspective view of an improved tuyere
  • FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of an improved tuyere
  • FIG. 5 is a cross sectional view of the improved tuyere, taken along line 5-5 of FIG. 4.
  • a reactor cam having a frame 12 including a vessel support ring 13, and a readily replaceable reaction vessel 15 according to the present invention.
  • the support ring 13 is typically mounted on the frame 12 by suitable trunnions 16 and a reversible drive assembly 17 is provided for tilting the reaction vessel from an upright position to a tapping position.
  • the reaction vessel 15 includes a normally vertical container 18, illustrated as generally circular in cross section, and adapted for holding a charge of molten metal 19.
  • the container 18 is formed of an outer shell 20 of steel or other suitable material, and inner layers of refractory material 21 of chrome-magnesite brick composition or other suitable material.
  • the lower wall portion 18a of the container 18 slopes inwardly, and in the illustrated embodiment is generally frusto-conical in section.
  • the reaction vessel also includes a cover 24 on the container 18 having an outer shell 25 of metal or other suitable material, and an inner layer 26 of refractory material.
  • the inner layer 26 has edge areas projecting abruptly inwardly, as at 26a thus preventing splashing of the molten metal during boiling and the like from escaping from the vessel and permitting a larger charge of molten metal 19 within the reaction vessel 15.
  • the cover 24 further includes an elongated pouring spout 27 positioned generally radially inwardly of the edge areas to provide for charging, sampling, holding, or tapping of the molten metal.
  • the spout 27 is generally keyshaped, having a projecting edge portion 27a aligning generally with an edge portion of the container 18 thereby permitting complete tapping of the reaction vessel 15.
  • the container 18 For supporting the reaction vessel 15 without the support ring 13, the container 18 is provided with outwardly extending support feet 29 which rests on the upper surface of the support ring 13. Hold-down clamps 30 secured to the support ring 13 hook over the support feet 29 to secure the reaction vessel 15 to the support ring 13.
  • tuyeres 32 To provide for blowing in suitable reaction or refining fluids, such as a mixture of argon and oxygen, there is provided a suitable number of tuyeres 32, here shown as 2 in number and positioned at about 90 to each other on the side of the trunnions 16 which would be away from the pouring side of the reaction vessel 15 during tapping and the like.
  • Each of the tuyeres 32 extends through the inwardly sloping lower wall portion of the reaction vessel 15 in contact with the heat of molten metal during refining thereof.
  • the tuyeres 32 which are subjected to the high temperature of molten metal, will erode with the erosion of the refractory lining 21 in this area.
  • each of the tuyeres 32 includes an outer tube 33 and a concentric inner tube 34.
  • the tuyeres 32 extend through the side wall of the reaction vessel 15, an inner portion thereof extending the thickness of the refractory layer 21.
  • the inner tube 34 is provided with a plurality of ribs 35 which serve to maintain the concentric spacing of the inner and outer tubes 34 and 33, and further serve to direct a longitudinal flow of fluids from the chamber between the tubes thereby providing a swirl free injection of outer gas.
  • the outer tube 33 is provided with an annular flange or washer 36 which is secured with refractory mortar 23 inside the countersunk portion of the refractory shape 22.
  • the refractory shape 22 is of the same material composition and shape as the refractory lining 21.
  • suitable fitting 37 provides for connection of the inner tube 34 to a suitable source of fluid
  • an additional fitting assembly 38 provides for connection of the generally annular chamber formed between the inner and outer tubes to a source of pressurized fluid.
  • the reactor includes an improved reaction vessel, removably supported in a support ring 13 mounted on suitable trunnions.
  • the reaction vessel 15 includes a spout 2'7 and may be tilted forwardly, as viewed in FIG. 1, for tapping, sampling, and the like.
  • the reaction vessel 15 may be removed from the support ring 13 for necessary reconstruction upon deterioration of its lining, and a replacement vessel may be provided for continuing the operation.
  • the cover to the container 18 is provided with abruptly, inwardly extending projections 26a which confine splash of the molten bath during the refining thereof.
  • the improved tuyeres 32 are spaced on the upper side of the reaction vessel 15 when the reaction vessel 15 is tipped for tapping so that the tuyeres are out of contact with the molten bath and deterioration thereof is minimized.
  • suitable mixtures of refining and cooling fluids are supplied through the tuyeres 32.
  • oxygen, argon or a mixture of argon-oxygen may be introduced through the inner tube 34, and commercially pure argon or another inert gas supplied through the chamber formed between the inner and outer tubes 34 and 33 to provide for cooling of the tuyeres and surrounding refractory.
  • the argon does not combine chemically with the molten metal, but may form a catalyst for the decarbonization of the metal.
  • the location of the tuyeres 32 in the inwardly sloping lower surface of the reaction vessel provides for the blowing of the reaction gases toward the center of the molten heat, and the direction of the gases toward the center of the heat minimizes erosion of the lining above the tuyeres.
  • An erodible tuyere for supplying submerged injection of pressurized fluids into a heat of molten metal in a reaction vessel wherein the vessel is formed with an inner lining of refractory material which erodes as successive heats of refined metal are produced, said tuyere comprising:
  • spacer means concentrically spacing said tubes comprising straight longitudinal ribs formed on one tube extending toward the other tube providing a swirl free injection of outer gas.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
  • Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
US850358A 1969-08-15 1969-08-15 Reactor Expired - Lifetime US3703279A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US85035869A 1969-08-15 1969-08-15

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3703279A true US3703279A (en) 1972-11-21

Family

ID=25307912

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US850358A Expired - Lifetime US3703279A (en) 1969-08-15 1969-08-15 Reactor

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US3703279A (show.php)
JP (1) JPS4921002B1 (show.php)
AT (1) AT326163B (show.php)
CA (1) CA952711A (show.php)
DE (3) DE2065105C3 (show.php)
ES (1) ES194396Y (show.php)
FR (1) FR2056845A5 (show.php)
GB (2) GB1321252A (show.php)
SE (2) SE382467B (show.php)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3802681A (en) * 1971-04-10 1974-04-09 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Self-cooling lance for oxygen blowing
US3811386A (en) * 1971-12-09 1974-05-21 Maximilianshuette Eisenwerk Tuyere for introducing oxygen and a protective medium into converter vessels
US4417723A (en) * 1981-10-22 1983-11-29 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho Tuyere for blowing gases into molten metal bath container
US4434976A (en) 1981-12-11 1984-03-06 Nippon Steel Corporation Concentric multi-tube-system nozzle situated beneath the surface of the melt in a refining vessel
EP0240927A1 (en) * 1986-04-01 1987-10-14 Union Carbide Corporation Side-injected metal refining vessel
US4754951A (en) * 1987-08-14 1988-07-05 Union Carbide Corporation Tuyere assembly and positioning method
EP0317187A3 (en) * 1987-11-18 1989-12-27 ESAB Aktiebolag Metallurgical tuyere and method of calibrating same
EP0356943A1 (en) * 1988-08-26 1990-03-07 Praxair Technology, Inc. Wear resistant metallurgical tuyere
US5298053A (en) * 1993-08-12 1994-03-29 Bethlehem Steel Corporation Consumable lance for oxygen injection and desulfurization and method
US5329545A (en) * 1991-12-07 1994-07-12 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Tuyere for installation in hearth of electric arc furnace
US20130068420A1 (en) * 2011-09-19 2013-03-21 Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd. Oxygen supplying apparatus of a melting furnace

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2422464A1 (fr) * 1978-04-13 1979-11-09 Inst Elektroswarki Patona Lingotiere pour la refusion de metaux sous laitier electroconducteur
FR2502607B2 (fr) * 1980-11-18 1986-06-27 Sofrem Perfectionnement au procede d'elimination de l'aluminium et du calcium dans le silicium et les alliages a base de silicium
FR2515163B1 (fr) * 1980-11-18 1986-01-03 Sofrem Procede d'elimination du calcium et de l'aluminium dans le silicium et les alliages a base de silicium
DE3130972A1 (de) * 1981-08-05 1983-02-24 Messer Griesheim Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt "verfahren zum vorwaermen und aufheizen von leeren aod-konvertern"
US4515353A (en) * 1983-03-24 1985-05-07 Sperry Corporation Tundish cover for ductile iron treatment

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1229938A (en) * 1916-07-19 1917-06-12 George D Golden Twyer.
US2480394A (en) * 1947-02-07 1949-08-30 Falconbridge Nickel Mines Ltd Punching pipe for converter tuyeres
US2542029A (en) * 1946-09-12 1951-02-20 Hydrocarbon Research Inc Water-cooled fluid fuel burner
US3076642A (en) * 1960-06-21 1963-02-05 Pompey Acieries Injection devices
US3206183A (en) * 1963-03-29 1965-09-14 Jr Howard L Marwick Refractory coated tube and method of making same
FR1450718A (fr) * 1965-07-12 1966-06-24 Air Liquide Perfectionnements à des procédés métallurgiques
US3397878A (en) * 1965-11-19 1968-08-20 Union Carbide Corp Under-bath tuyere

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1229938A (en) * 1916-07-19 1917-06-12 George D Golden Twyer.
US2542029A (en) * 1946-09-12 1951-02-20 Hydrocarbon Research Inc Water-cooled fluid fuel burner
US2480394A (en) * 1947-02-07 1949-08-30 Falconbridge Nickel Mines Ltd Punching pipe for converter tuyeres
US3076642A (en) * 1960-06-21 1963-02-05 Pompey Acieries Injection devices
US3206183A (en) * 1963-03-29 1965-09-14 Jr Howard L Marwick Refractory coated tube and method of making same
FR1450718A (fr) * 1965-07-12 1966-06-24 Air Liquide Perfectionnements à des procédés métallurgiques
US3397878A (en) * 1965-11-19 1968-08-20 Union Carbide Corp Under-bath tuyere

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3802681A (en) * 1971-04-10 1974-04-09 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Self-cooling lance for oxygen blowing
US3811386A (en) * 1971-12-09 1974-05-21 Maximilianshuette Eisenwerk Tuyere for introducing oxygen and a protective medium into converter vessels
US4417723A (en) * 1981-10-22 1983-11-29 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho Tuyere for blowing gases into molten metal bath container
US4434976A (en) 1981-12-11 1984-03-06 Nippon Steel Corporation Concentric multi-tube-system nozzle situated beneath the surface of the melt in a refining vessel
EP0240927A1 (en) * 1986-04-01 1987-10-14 Union Carbide Corporation Side-injected metal refining vessel
AU600591B2 (en) * 1987-08-14 1990-08-16 Union Carbide Corporation Tuyere assembly and positioning method
US4754951A (en) * 1987-08-14 1988-07-05 Union Carbide Corporation Tuyere assembly and positioning method
EP0317187A3 (en) * 1987-11-18 1989-12-27 ESAB Aktiebolag Metallurgical tuyere and method of calibrating same
EP0356943A1 (en) * 1988-08-26 1990-03-07 Praxair Technology, Inc. Wear resistant metallurgical tuyere
US5329545A (en) * 1991-12-07 1994-07-12 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Tuyere for installation in hearth of electric arc furnace
US5298053A (en) * 1993-08-12 1994-03-29 Bethlehem Steel Corporation Consumable lance for oxygen injection and desulfurization and method
US20130068420A1 (en) * 2011-09-19 2013-03-21 Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd. Oxygen supplying apparatus of a melting furnace
US8770118B2 (en) * 2011-09-19 2014-07-08 Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd. Oxygen supplying apparatus of a melting furnace
EP2570725A3 (en) * 2011-09-19 2015-03-18 Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd. Oxygen supplying apparatus of a melting furnace

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES194396Y (es) 1975-03-16
FR2056845A5 (show.php) 1971-05-14
CA952711A (en) 1974-08-13
DE2037808A1 (de) 1971-03-11
JPS4921002B1 (show.php) 1974-05-29
DE2065105A1 (de) 1972-11-30
SE382467B (sv) 1976-02-02
GB1321252A (en) 1973-06-27
DE2037808B2 (de) 1973-06-07
DE2065105C3 (de) 1975-07-24
GB1321253A (en) 1973-06-27
SE375791B (show.php) 1975-04-28
ES194396U (es) 1974-12-01
DE2065105B2 (de) 1973-06-07
AT326163B (de) 1975-11-25
DE2065178A1 (de) 1972-12-07

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Legal Events

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AS Assignment

Owner name: UNION CARBIDE INDUSTRIAL GASES TECHNOLOGY CORPORAT

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:UNION CARBIDE INDUSTRIAL GASES INC.;REEL/FRAME:005271/0177

Effective date: 19891220