Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
  • D04H3/005—Synthetic yarns or filaments
  • D04H3/009—Condensation or reaction polymers
  • D04H3/011—Polyesters
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
  • D04H3/005—Synthetic yarns or filaments
  • D04H3/007—Addition polymers
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
  • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
  • D04H3/10—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically
  • D04H3/11—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically by fluid jet
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
  • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
  • D04H3/16—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic filaments produced in association with filament formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
  • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
  • E01C3/00—Foundations for pavings
  • E01C3/06—Methods or arrangements for protecting foundations from destructive influences of moisture, frost or vibration
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
  • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
  • E01B2204/00—Characteristics of the track and its foundations
  • E01B2204/05—Use of geotextiles

Definitions

• a non- 521 0.5. CI ..61/35, 94 7 woven or spunbond fabric Preferably of continuous 5 n In! CL Fwd 3/00 ments and preferably of a polyester or polyolefine, is used as [58 ⁇ Field of Search ..6l/35, 36, 38; 94/4, 7 ami'wmaminam layer clemd preparation layers and coating layers if these are used.
• the spunbonded fabric is pervious to water but not to mud.
• the present invention relates to a process for the stabilization of soils.
• a separating layer generally called an anti-contaminant layer
• This anti-contaminant layer is intended to prevent the base soil being converted into mud which under the pressure exerted by the weight of a building or the passage of heavy vehicles (trains, lorries, or earthworking machinery), rises up through the preparation layers, with the result that these no longer react uniformly to the pressure exerted and subsidence occurs.
• this anti-contaminant layer which usually consists of so-called drain sand, of gravel, or of an unsorted mixture of sand and gravel must, in order to be effective, be made sufficiently thick, especially if it rests on clay, sandy or marshy soils. Thus this expensive and in certain cases rather unreliable solution is not satisfactory.
• soil is stabilized by spreading over the cleared soil as an anti-contaminant layer textile material comprising non-woven fabric formed from natural, artificial or synthetic fibers, preferably continuous filaments.
• the material is calibrated or calendered, preferably hot, so that the elementary filaments are bonded to one another at least at the surface, thereby considerably increasing the cohesion of the web.
• a gentle calibration suffices.
• the spunbonded web prefferably be needle-punched, essentially to enmesh the continuous filaments and impart cohesion to the base layer.
• a spunbonded web or oriented filaments of a polyester especially polyethylene terephthalate, or a polyolefine, especially isotactic polypropylene, though other organic fibers (of for example a polyamide, polyvinyl chloride or polyvinylidene chloride or their derivatives, a cellulose acetate, polyacrylonitrile, vinyl alcohol or the like) can also be used.
• the webs can optionally contain a filler, an adjuvant or a textile reinforcement, consisting for example of a web of filaments or of parallel coarse fibers, or wide-mesh woven fabric.
• the spunbonded webs of the present invention whether or not they have been needle punched have the property of being permeable to water while at the same time resisting the passage of mud.
• the optimum weight of spunbonded webs employed depends on the nature of the base soil and of the preparation layers, as well as on the pressure which the soil will have to undergo. By way of example, a weight of 200 to 700 g/m will be adequate for moderate or heavy duty roadways.
• the spunbonded material can be placed in position very simply by unrolling on the soil.
• a second fabric of the same or a similar kind and/or a conventional anti-contaminant layer can be laid down over it. Thereafter, the preparation layers and, where appropriate, the coating layers are formed in the ordinary manner.
• the spunbonded material makes it possible, with greatly reduced volume and weight, (1) better to separate the base soil from the preparation layers, (2) more efi'ectively to prevent the rise of mud and (3) better to distribute the load exerted at a point over a broader surface of the base soil.
• the use of this material thus considerably improves the stability even of soils which are by nature rather unstable, such as clay, sandy or marshy soils.
• the spunbonded material is consequently particularly suitable firstly for stabilizing roadways such as ordinary roads, motorways, racing tracks, unmade road, tracks for the passage of heavy machinery in yards, and metalled roads, and secondly for stabilizing building land and areas which have been cleared and are to be used for the bulk storage of large amounts of building materials, coal and the like.
• EXAMPLE I Polyethylene terephthalate granules dried to a residual moisture content of less than 0.01 percent and having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.65 (determined at 25 C. on an 0.5 percent solution in o-chlorophenol) are fused in a single-screw extruder.
• the fused mass is passed by means of a pump through a spinneret heated to 290 C. and pierced with 50 holes of diameter 0.6 mm.
• the flow of extruded material is regulated to 3.0 g/minute/hole.
• the bundle of filaments formed is collected continuously in a stretching nozzle situated 175 cm from the spinneret, so that while travelling from the spinneret to the nozzle the bundle cools.
• The' stretching nozzle is supplied with air compressed to 6 kg/cm gauge.
• the filaments After the stretching, the filaments have the following properties:
• the bundle of oriented filaments is laid down by means of an oscillating deflector onto an endless moving belt to form a non-woven web which consists of continuous filaments arranged at random and in a non-parallel manner and which weighs about 280 g/m
• This web is continuously calibrated by passing it between two rollers heated to 120 C., the spacing of which is adjusted to 8 mm.
• the spunbonded web is passed into a needlepunching loom equipped with needles with nine hooks, and so regulated as to give a piercing density of strokes/cm and a thickness of about 3 mm; the resulting web weighs about 300 g/m A sample of this web, 20 meters long and 5 meters wide, was unrolled on a curved access ramp of clay soil sloping at about 5 percent, 80 tons of unsorted sand-gravel mixture of density about 1,600 kg/cm were spread above the web.
• EXAMPLE 1 One prepares a zone of about 60,000 square meters of bog- 8y. swampy, water laden land. The preparation of the ground consists only of removal of the large vegetation. One then spreads on this surface an assembly of sheets sewn together weighing 600 grams to the square meter. The desired thickness is obtained by superimposing two sheets such as are described in Example I, calibrated but not yet needle punched. The connection of the two sheets is then effected by needle punching the two superimposed sheets using the same density of piercing as in the preceding example but with greater depth of penetration of the needles. The thus connected double thickness sheets are sewn together to the area desired.
• Example ll the mud does not pass through the sheets or webs of spunbonded material according to the present invention.
• the water will pass through this material, but the mud will not so that the spunbonded web functions as a filter as far as the mud is concerned.
• the web of Example 1 functions the same way and therefore permits water from below to pass through it and then to drain off at the sides of the road surface while the mud is contained underneath the web of spunbonded material.
• the spunbonded material has the property of preventing the passage of mud through it, but because the water passes through the spunbonded web from below to above, the result is to make the remaining mud more stable by loss of some of its water.
• the spunbonded material of Examples I and ll is also a very strong material. It is normally covered with a preparation layer and when it is then subjected to heavy loads, for example the wheels of a heavy vehicle, the load is distributed over the area of the sheet which is in efiect tensioned, under the preparation layer, by the load.
• the strength of the material is such that it resists tearing even under high load conditions.
• the method of producing a load bearing surface over a base soil of high moisture content and low stability that comprises placing a non-woven sheet of spunbonded, essentially continuous organic filaments arranged at random across the sheet over said base soil and covering said sheet with preparation layers, said textile sheet preventing the rise of mud from the base soil while permitting the passage of water and co-mingling of the same with the preparation layers and distributing loads applied to said preparation layers over the area of said sheet.
• nonwoven fabric is made of fibers of a polyester.
• nonwoven fabric is made of fibers of a polyolefine.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
• Paleontology (AREA)
• Soil Sciences (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
• Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
• Carpets (AREA)
• Road Paving Structures (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=9695922

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (14)

Cited By (21)

Families Citing this family (12)

Citations (6)

• 1968
  • 1968-12-31 FR FR69050894A patent/FR1601049A/fr not_active Expired
• 1969
  • 1969-12-12 FI FI3620/69A patent/FI52480B/fi active
  • 1969-12-23 NL NL6919304.A patent/NL168283B/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1969-12-29 BR BR215642/69A patent/BR6915642D0/pt unknown
  • 1969-12-29 BE BE743825D patent/BE743825A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1969-12-29 GB GB63150/69A patent/GB1294680A/en not_active Expired
  • 1969-12-30 LU LU60121D patent/LU60121A1/xx unknown
  • 1969-12-30 SE SE6918091A patent/SE372582B/xx unknown
  • 1969-12-30 CH CH1941669A patent/CH508106A/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1969-12-30 CA CA071,166*7A patent/CA945387A/en not_active Expired
  • 1969-12-31 DE DE19691965737 patent/DE1965737B2/de not_active Ceased
• 1970
  • 1970-01-14 OA OA53834A patent/OA03206A/xx unknown
• 1971
  • 1971-05-17 US US144252A patent/US3670506A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1974
  • 1974-12-30 MY MY53/74A patent/MY7400053A/xx unknown

Patent Citations (6)

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