US3228608A - Electrophotographic developer electrode - Google Patents

Electrophotographic developer electrode Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3228608A
US3228608A US287041A US28704163A US3228608A US 3228608 A US3228608 A US 3228608A US 287041 A US287041 A US 287041A US 28704163 A US28704163 A US 28704163A US 3228608 A US3228608 A US 3228608A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
electrode
liquid
tube
tank
hollow cylinder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US287041A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Simm Walter
Koch Otto
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Agfa Gevaert NV
Original Assignee
Agfa AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Agfa AG filed Critical Agfa AG
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3228608A publication Critical patent/US3228608A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03D—APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING EXPOSED PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIALS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03D5/00—Liquid processing apparatus in which no immersion is effected; Washing apparatus in which no immersion is effected
    • G03D5/04—Liquid processing apparatus in which no immersion is effected; Washing apparatus in which no immersion is effected using liquid sprays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03D—APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING EXPOSED PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIALS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03D7/00—Gas processing apparatus
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
    • G03G15/10—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a liquid developer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
    • G03G15/10—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a liquid developer
    • G03G15/101—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a liquid developer for wetting the recording material
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/16—Developers not provided for in groups G03G9/06 - G03G9/135, e.g. solutions, aerosols

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an electrophotographic developer electrode for electrostatically atomizing the electrophotographic developer liquid which is characterized by a hollow cylinder, which widens out at the bottom in the form of a funnel with a sharp edge and a reflux tube being arranged inside the hollow cylinder for transporting back the excess of developer liquid, whereby the opening of the reflux tube lies near the funnel shaped outlet of the hollow cylinder.
  • This atomiser electrode has various disadvantages.
  • the mechanism for adapting the velocity of the pump which controls the rate of supply of developer fluid, to the desired atomising conditions is very susceptible to trouble and requires additional expenditure due to the use of adjustable gearings for the supply pump.
  • the electrode If the apparatus is out of action for any length of time, the electrode very easily dries up so that it first has to to be cleaned, filled and wetted before it can be used again. Even slight leakages in the punmp of faults in the outlet aperture of the electrode disturb the equilibrium between the quantity of fluid supplied and the quantity of fluid used up by atomisation in the atomiser funnel so that uniform atomisation of fluid is then no longer possible. In such cases, large drops are frequently fonrned and corona discharges occur. When using concentrated colour developer solutions, a sludge is easily formed in the electrode funnel due to evaporation of solvent, and this may cause the tubes of the apparatus to get blocked.
  • FIGURE 1 shows one embodiment, in which the developer liquid is transported by means of pumps.
  • the hollow cylinder 1 with the tunnel shaped end 2 is provided with a return flow tube 3 which is inserted in the cylindrical part thereof and can be moved longitudinally. Between this tube and the wall of the cylinder there remains a space 4 through which the liquid which is to be atomised and which enters through a lateral filling tube 5, can descend unimpeded into the funnel-shaped portion 2 of the electrode.
  • the bottom open end of the inner tube 3 lies in the bottom end respectively in the funnel shaped part of the cylinder but does not project beyond it. At the top end, the gap between the tube 3 and the wall of the cylinder is tightly sealed with the exception of the inlet through which the liquid enters.
  • the filling tube 5 and the tube 3 communicate with pumps 6 and 7 respectively or with two separate chambers 6, 7
  • the liquid first flows down in the gap between the tube 3 and the cylinder 1 to the edge of the funnel.
  • the space inside the funnel fills only down to the level at which the liquid surface below the bottom opening of the inner tube closes.
  • suflicient liquid is immediately sucked olf through this opening so that there is no further change in the level of the liquid, so that no drops will be formed at the bottom end of the electrode.
  • the amount of liquid contained in the electrode when a steady stage has been reached may be varied by varying the immersion depth of the inner tube so that the lower portion of the electrode may be filled with liquid more or less to the edge.
  • the tunnel shaped extension 2 is not absolutely necessary for regulating the liquid as described above.
  • the lower end of the electrode could be cylindrical but has been designed to expand merely because this improves the atomising conditions.
  • the pump output may be fixed once and for all to a certain value independently of the physical properties of the liquid, the voltage and the distance between the electrodes.
  • the pump output need not be maintained exactly at this value but may be allowed to fluctuate within relatively wide limits so that it is possible to use very simple pumps.
  • the rate of liquid supply may be considerably greater than the rate at which the liquid is atomised, so that the reserve liquid can be mixed thoroughly.
  • a further advantage of the invention is that the pump assembly can be kept in oper ation continuously even when no aerosol is produced. Atomisation is then regulated merely by switching the voltages on and off.
  • One great advantage of the electrode consists in that the apparatus is ready for use almost immediately after it is switched on even if the pumps have been out of operation for some time and the nozzle is dry, because the return flow system ensures wetting of the apparatus and maintains the liquid in the electrode at the normal level.
  • FIGURES 2 and 3 show another embodiment of the developer apparatus according to the invention.
  • the electrode When the embodiment according to FIGURE 1 is used for developing pictures on a continuous paper strip, it has been found inconvenient for the electrode to be connected to a pump and to the liquid tank through an inlet tube and a reflux tube. This is particularly inconvenient when the electrode has to be moved or several electrodes have to be used simultaneously.
  • Another disad vantage of the atomiser electrode is that the liquid sprayed from the electrode is not deposited evenly on the opposite electrode but at greater density at certain areas owing to the liquid cones forming at the edge of the spray.
  • the said disadvantages are overcome by using a developer electrode with a conveyor worm in the space between the reflux tube and the wall of the hollow cylinder.
  • the electrode then consists of the known hollow cylinder 1 which widens at one end in the form of a sharp-edged funnel 2 and which contains a reflux tube 3, the important improvement being effected by arranging a conveyor worm 9 between the reflux tube and the cylinder wall, this worm taking up a portion of the whole length, e.g. /s of the length of the electrode.
  • the electrode may be arranged vertically or obliquely and FIGURE 3).
  • the sprayedge 2 is positioned at the top end of the cylinder.
  • the conveyor worm is advantageously rigidly connected to the reflux tube and is situated in the lower part of the cylinder so that the liquid cycle, to be described in more detail below, provides a tight liquid seal in the-upper part and as little air as possible is mixed with the liquid.
  • the hollow cylinder with the reflux tube and the conveyor Worm extend directly into the tank and the lower part of the cylinder is immersed in liquid.
  • the hollow cylinder is mounted to be rotatable about itslongitudinal axis at the point where it enters the tank.
  • the reflux tube is rigidly fixed to the bottom of the tank and outlets 11 for-the returning liquid are provided at the lower end of the reflux tube.
  • the edge of the hollow cylinder, which is immersed in liquid, is situated just above these apertures and must not cover them, because, when the apparatus is in operation, air is carried with the returning liquid and this air must be allowed to escape and not be carried into the liquid cycle as otherwise froth is formed which interfered with the operation of the apparatus.
  • This rotation of the cylinder not only ensures that the spray edges -will be kept wetted but also ensures uniform distribution and deposition of'the' aerosol because there are no preferred spray directions as is the case witha stationary spray edge.
  • the drive shaft 14 must be connected to the drive motor lfi'through a sliding clutch 15 so that the motor will 'not take'part in this movement.
  • the atomiser apparatus may be increased'to any degree of complexity by the provision of any number of electrodes in the manner described above.
  • cylindrical part length of cylindrical part, a, to 100 mm. Diameter of the cylindrical part, b, 3 to 6 mm., preferably 4 mm. Internal diameter of the cylindrical part, c, 2.5 to 5-mm.,
  • Internal diameter of the tube 3 e, 0.3 to 3 mm., preferably 1 mm.
  • Diameter of the edge of the funnel, f 1 to 10 mm., preferably 6 mm.
  • Cone angle of the funnel g, 20 to 100, preferably
  • the pump output must be sufficient to ensure that atomisation of liquid will not be interrupted due to shortage of liquid.
  • the output may be a multiple of the minimum output, e.g., 1 cc. per min. when the rate of atomisation is 0.2 cc./min.
  • the best position for the electrode when in operation is with its longitudinal axis in the vertical position although it may also be inclined.
  • Atomisation may also be carried out with the electrode rotated through 180 so that the outlet is directed upwards.
  • the aerosol is preferably sprayed upwardly.
  • the processing of .the electrophotographic materials up to the stage of development may be carried out in known manner, for example, as described in Belgian Patent 616,914.
  • electrophotographic materials may be processed in this apparatus, for example, those described in German patent specifications 1,090,093; 1,046,493; 1,031,127 and 1,052,811. Particularly suitable are the usual electrophotographic materials which contain 'Zll'lC oxide, dispersed in an insulating binding 3 agent, as the photoconductive substance. 'Suitable developer solutions aredescribed in Belgian Patent 616,914.
  • An electrophot-ographic developer electrode for electrostatically atomizing the electrophotographic developer liquid comprising a hollow cylinder which is widened at its bottom end in the form of a funnel with a sharp edge, a reflux tube disposed within said hollow cylinder for transporting back the excess of developer liquid, said reflux tube being open at its lower end near the funnel shaped outlet of said hollow cylinder, an inlet aperture in the upper end of said hollow cylinder for the admission of the liquid, an outlet aperture in the upper end of said reflux tube, and pump assembly means being connected to said inlet aperture of said hollow cylinder and 'to said outlet aperture of said reflux tube whereby the liquid sucked .from atank may be introduced into said electrode through said inlet aperture of said hollow cylinder and returned to the tank through said outlet aperture of said reflux tube.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Wet Developing In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Liquid Developers In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Charge, Transfer And Separation In Electrography (AREA)
US287041A 1961-04-26 1963-06-11 Electrophotographic developer electrode Expired - Lifetime US3228608A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEF33767A DE1164829B (de) 1961-04-26 1961-04-26 Verfahren zur elektrophotographischen Herstellung von Bildern mit Fluessigkeitsaerosolen
DEF36217A DE1172955B (de) 1961-04-26 1962-03-08 Elektrophotographische Entwicklungs-vorrichtung
DEF37187A DE1187134B (de) 1961-04-26 1962-06-29 Elektrophotographische Entwicklungsvorrichtung
DEF38613A DE1202639B (de) 1961-04-26 1962-12-20 Elektrostatische Zerstaeubungsvorrichtung fuer Fluessigkeiten

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3228608A true US3228608A (en) 1966-01-11

Family

ID=27436890

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US287041A Expired - Lifetime US3228608A (en) 1961-04-26 1963-06-11 Electrophotographic developer electrode
US497584A Expired - Lifetime US3330683A (en) 1961-04-26 1965-09-22 Method of developing an electrostatic image with an electrically charged liquid aerosol

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US497584A Expired - Lifetime US3330683A (en) 1961-04-26 1965-09-22 Method of developing an electrostatic image with an electrically charged liquid aerosol

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (2) US3228608A (da)
BE (2) BE634184A (da)
CH (2) CH430456A (da)
DE (4) DE1164829B (da)
GB (2) GB994645A (da)
NL (1) NL294688A (da)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3406660A (en) * 1966-03-18 1968-10-22 Agfa Gevaert Ag Apparatus for the electrostatic atomization of liquids
US3532495A (en) * 1965-05-21 1970-10-06 Agfa Gevaert Ag Electrophotographic developing process for colour images
US4567908A (en) * 1983-05-31 1986-02-04 Contraves Ag Discharge system and method of operating same
EP3925609A1 (en) 2014-08-22 2021-12-22 Celgene Corporation Methods of treating multiple myeloma with immunomodulatory compounds in combination with antibodies

Families Citing this family (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1241264B (de) * 1964-04-07 1967-05-24 Bayer Ag Vorrichtung zur elektrophotographischen Entwicklung von Ladungsbildern
US3417734A (en) * 1964-04-07 1968-12-24 Bayer Ag Apparatus for developing a latent electrostatic image with a liquid aerosol
GB1143839A (da) * 1965-10-15
US3442585A (en) * 1965-10-23 1969-05-06 Bell & Howell Co Continuous rotary electrostatographic apparatus
US3862849A (en) * 1967-12-05 1975-01-28 Ricoh Kk Method for preparation of developing solution for developing electrostatic latent images
JPS5122821B1 (da) * 1970-12-10 1976-07-13
US4047185A (en) * 1976-04-02 1977-09-06 Sperry Rand Corporation Multi-jet ink printer using star-wheel jet formers
AU677447B2 (en) * 1993-10-14 1997-04-24 Watermark Imaging Ltd A method and apparatus for developing electrostatic images
EP0723679B1 (en) * 1993-10-14 2000-02-23 Watermark Imaging Ltd A method and apparatus for developing electrostatic images
CN102704194A (zh) * 2012-06-25 2012-10-03 天津工业大学 一种帘式实心针电纺纳米纤维非织造布生产装置
US9993839B2 (en) 2016-01-18 2018-06-12 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated System and method for coating a substrate
US10434703B2 (en) * 2016-01-20 2019-10-08 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Additive deposition system and method
US10500784B2 (en) 2016-01-20 2019-12-10 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Additive deposition system and method
US10493483B2 (en) 2017-07-17 2019-12-03 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Central fed roller for filament extension atomizer
US10919215B2 (en) 2017-08-22 2021-02-16 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Electrostatic polymer aerosol deposition and fusing of solid particles for three-dimensional printing

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2334679A (en) * 1939-09-14 1943-11-16 Foxboro Co Flow control of fuel
US2374041A (en) * 1942-01-31 1945-04-17 Gen Furnaces Corp Variable capacity atomizing device
US2728607A (en) * 1954-05-24 1955-12-27 Ransburg Electro Coating Corp Liquid feeding apparatus
US2764712A (en) * 1951-05-31 1956-09-25 Ransburg Electro Coating Corp Apparatus for electrostatically atomizing liquid
US3021077A (en) * 1956-03-20 1962-02-13 Ransburg Electro Coating Corp Electrostatic coating apparatus
US3039700A (en) * 1959-02-09 1962-06-19 Ricardo & Co Engineers Liquid-metering device

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1958406A (en) * 1926-12-27 1934-05-15 William A Darrah Electrical spraying device
US2808328A (en) * 1950-07-15 1957-10-01 Carlyle W Jacob Method and apparatus for xerographic reproduction
US2784109A (en) * 1950-09-18 1957-03-05 Haloid Co Method for developing electrostatic images
US3010842A (en) * 1955-08-29 1961-11-28 Xerox Corp Development of electrostatic images
US2965482A (en) * 1955-09-08 1960-12-20 Haloid Zerox Inc Method for fixing xerographic images
DE1139058B (de) * 1956-03-27 1962-10-31 Ford Werke Ag Vorrichtung zum elektrostatischen Auftragen von Fluessigkeiten
BE561403A (da) * 1956-03-30
US3005726A (en) * 1958-05-01 1961-10-24 Xerox Corp Process of developing electrostatic images
NL239226A (da) * 1958-05-16
US2979026A (en) * 1958-06-19 1961-04-11 Rca Corp Film viewer and reproducer
US3052213A (en) * 1958-12-17 1962-09-04 Ibm Electrostatic printer apparatus for printing with liquid ink
DE1302344B (da) * 1961-02-06

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2334679A (en) * 1939-09-14 1943-11-16 Foxboro Co Flow control of fuel
US2374041A (en) * 1942-01-31 1945-04-17 Gen Furnaces Corp Variable capacity atomizing device
US2764712A (en) * 1951-05-31 1956-09-25 Ransburg Electro Coating Corp Apparatus for electrostatically atomizing liquid
US2728607A (en) * 1954-05-24 1955-12-27 Ransburg Electro Coating Corp Liquid feeding apparatus
US3021077A (en) * 1956-03-20 1962-02-13 Ransburg Electro Coating Corp Electrostatic coating apparatus
US3039700A (en) * 1959-02-09 1962-06-19 Ricardo & Co Engineers Liquid-metering device

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3532495A (en) * 1965-05-21 1970-10-06 Agfa Gevaert Ag Electrophotographic developing process for colour images
US3406660A (en) * 1966-03-18 1968-10-22 Agfa Gevaert Ag Apparatus for the electrostatic atomization of liquids
US4567908A (en) * 1983-05-31 1986-02-04 Contraves Ag Discharge system and method of operating same
EP3925609A1 (en) 2014-08-22 2021-12-22 Celgene Corporation Methods of treating multiple myeloma with immunomodulatory compounds in combination with antibodies

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB994645A (en) 1965-06-10
CH430456A (de) 1967-02-15
DE1187134B (de) 1965-02-11
CH465408A (de) 1968-11-15
DE1172955B (de) 1964-06-25
DE1164829B (de) 1964-03-05
GB1016587A (en) 1966-01-12
US3330683A (en) 1967-07-11
BE616914A (da)
NL294688A (da)
DE1202639B (de) 1965-10-07
BE634184A (da)

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3228608A (en) Electrophotographic developer electrode
US3651782A (en) Liquid development apparatus
KR880013621A (ko) 전도성재료인 정전기 도장방법 및 장치
US3406660A (en) Apparatus for the electrostatic atomization of liquids
US2695002A (en) Electrostatic atomizer of liquids
DE1522554B2 (da)
US4827309A (en) Liquid developing apparatus with a plurality of fountain and discharge slits
GB1292533A (en) Apparatus for transferring liquid
US2481813A (en) Spray painting apparatus
US3168021A (en) Electrostatic printing
US2826513A (en) Method and apparatus for electrostatic coating utilizing projection of liquid solelyby the electric field
US3205816A (en) Ink fountain with ink recirculation means
US3377988A (en) Liquid developer for photoelectrostatic copier
GB834275A (en) Electrostatic spraying installation
US4785327A (en) Pneumatic charge director dispensing apparatus
DE3430934A1 (de) Schaltungsanordnung zum geregelten auffuellen und nachfuellen von behaeltern mit fluessigkeiten
US2563842A (en) Spray-roller dispenser
US2718477A (en) Method and apparatus for electrostatic atomization
US4149463A (en) Ink feeding apparatus for an offset printing press
US2625952A (en) Dispensing apparatus
GB740561A (en) Improvements relating to apparatus for distilling or evaporating liquids
US2827394A (en) Method and apparatus for electrostatically coating articles
RU1836252C (ru) Устройство дл тонировани при окраске
US3003521A (en) Fuel and lubricant mixer
US4222524A (en) Shower head mixer