US2868691A - Self-propelling compositions for inhalation therapy containing a salt of isoproterenol or epinephrine - Google Patents
Self-propelling compositions for inhalation therapy containing a salt of isoproterenol or epinephrine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2868691A US2868691A US572788A US57278856A US2868691A US 2868691 A US2868691 A US 2868691A US 572788 A US572788 A US 572788A US 57278856 A US57278856 A US 57278856A US 2868691 A US2868691 A US 2868691A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- medicament
- composition
- freon
- self
- isoproterenol
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 61
- UCTWMZQNUQWSLP-VIFPVBQESA-N (R)-adrenaline Chemical compound CNC[C@H](O)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 UCTWMZQNUQWSLP-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 title claims description 9
- 238000002664 inhalation therapy Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 229930182837 (R)-adrenaline Natural products 0.000 title claims description 8
- 229960005139 epinephrine Drugs 0.000 title claims description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 7
- JWZZKOKVBUJMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+-)-Isoprenaline Chemical compound CC(C)NCC(O)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 JWZZKOKVBUJMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 6
- 229940039009 isoproterenol Drugs 0.000 title claims description 5
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940124630 bronchodilator Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- DDMOUSALMHHKOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)C(F)(F)Cl DDMOUSALMHHKOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)Cl PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 235000019404 dichlorodifluoromethane Nutrition 0.000 description 18
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000004338 Dichlorodifluoromethane Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229940087091 dichlorotetrafluoroethane Drugs 0.000 description 7
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IROWCYIEJAOFOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N DL-Isoprenaline hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CC(C)NCC(O)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 IROWCYIEJAOFOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- IAKHMKGGTNLKSZ-INIZCTEOSA-N (S)-colchicine Chemical compound C1([C@@H](NC(C)=O)CC2)=CC(=O)C(OC)=CC=C1C1=C2C=C(OC)C(OC)=C1OC IAKHMKGGTNLKSZ-INIZCTEOSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 4
- -1 alkane compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 4
- 229940018448 isoproterenol hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorofluoromethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)(Cl)Cl CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PKJBRKTYYNRVSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10-(aminomethyl)-9,10-dihydroanthracene-1,2-diol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C2C(CN)C3=CC=CC=C3CC2=C1O PKJBRKTYYNRVSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 3
- KWGRBVOPPLSCSI-WPRPVWTQSA-N (-)-ephedrine Chemical compound CN[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWGRBVOPPLSCSI-WPRPVWTQSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AKNNEGZIBPJZJG-MSOLQXFVSA-N (-)-noscapine Chemical compound CN1CCC2=CC=3OCOC=3C(OC)=C2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C2=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C2C(=O)O1 AKNNEGZIBPJZJG-MSOLQXFVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FUFLCEKSBBHCMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 11-dehydrocorticosterone Natural products O=C1CCC2(C)C3C(=O)CC(C)(C(CC4)C(=O)CO)C4C3CCC2=C1 FUFLCEKSBBHCMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RIQXULCAEXVXDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dimethyl-4-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)phenol Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(C)=CC(CN2CCOCC2)=C1C RIQXULCAEXVXDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930000680 A04AD01 - Scopolamine Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 229930003347 Atropine Natural products 0.000 description 2
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MFYSYFVPBJMHGN-ZPOLXVRWSA-N Cortisone Chemical compound O=C1CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]3C(=O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 MFYSYFVPBJMHGN-ZPOLXVRWSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MFYSYFVPBJMHGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cortisone Natural products O=C1CCC2(C)C3C(=O)CC(C)(C(CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)C4C3CCC2=C1 MFYSYFVPBJMHGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RKUNBYITZUJHSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hyosciamin-hydrochlorid Natural products CN1C(C2)CCC1CC2OC(=O)C(CO)C1=CC=CC=C1 RKUNBYITZUJHSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- STECJAGHUSJQJN-GAUPFVANSA-N Hyoscine Natural products C1([C@H](CO)C(=O)OC2C[C@@H]3N([C@H](C2)[C@@H]2[C@H]3O2)C)=CC=CC=C1 STECJAGHUSJQJN-GAUPFVANSA-N 0.000 description 2
- STECJAGHUSJQJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methyl-scopolamin Natural products C1C(C2C3O2)N(C)C3CC1OC(=O)C(CO)C1=CC=CC=C1 STECJAGHUSJQJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012387 aerosolization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- AKNNEGZIBPJZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-noscapine Natural products CN1CCC2=CC=3OCOC=3C(OC)=C2C1C1C2=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C2C(=O)O1 AKNNEGZIBPJZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960003116 amyl nitrite Drugs 0.000 description 2
- RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1 RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- RKUNBYITZUJHSG-SPUOUPEWSA-N atropine Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@H]2CC[C@@H](C1)N2C)C(=O)C(CO)C1=CC=CC=C1 RKUNBYITZUJHSG-SPUOUPEWSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960000396 atropine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- OROGSEYTTFOCAN-DNJOTXNNSA-N codeine Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@H](N(CC[C@@]112)C)C3)=C[C@H](O)[C@@H]1OC1=C2C3=CC=C1OC OROGSEYTTFOCAN-DNJOTXNNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001338 colchicine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960004544 cortisone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- OFKDAAIKGIBASY-VFGNJEKYSA-N ergotamine Chemical compound C([C@H]1C(=O)N2CCC[C@H]2[C@]2(O)O[C@@](C(N21)=O)(C)NC(=O)[C@H]1CN([C@H]2C(C3=CC=CC4=NC=C([C]34)C2)=C1)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 OFKDAAIKGIBASY-VFGNJEKYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004943 ergotamine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- XCGSFFUVFURLIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ergotaminine Natural products C1=C(C=2C=CC=C3NC=C(C=23)C2)C2N(C)CC1C(=O)NC(C(N12)=O)(C)OC1(O)C1CCCN1C(=O)C2CC1=CC=CC=C1 XCGSFFUVFURLIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 2
- HCZKYJDFEPMADG-TXEJJXNPSA-N masoprocol Chemical compound C([C@H](C)[C@H](C)CC=1C=C(O)C(O)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 HCZKYJDFEPMADG-TXEJJXNPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- CSDTZUBPSYWZDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentyl nitrite Chemical compound CCCCCON=O CSDTZUBPSYWZDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PLPRGLOFPNJOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N narcotine Natural products COc1ccc2C(OC(=O)c2c1OC)C3Cc4c(CN3C)cc5OCOc5c4OC PLPRGLOFPNJOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- STECJAGHUSJQJN-FWXGHANASA-N scopolamine Chemical compound C1([C@@H](CO)C(=O)O[C@H]2C[C@@H]3N([C@H](C2)[C@@H]2[C@H]3O2)C)=CC=CC=C1 STECJAGHUSJQJN-FWXGHANASA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960002646 scopolamine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N (-)-Nicotine Chemical compound CN1CCC[C@H]1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 1
- JBWIIXBEPINWPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-oxazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=COC=N1 JBWIIXBEPINWPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCYGLFXKCBFGPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(hydroxymethyl)benzene-1,2-diol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 PCYGLFXKCBFGPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004322 Butylated hydroxytoluene Substances 0.000 description 1
- DASQIKOOFDJYKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCIF Chemical compound CCIF DASQIKOOFDJYKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101000973623 Homo sapiens Neuronal growth regulator 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- STECJAGHUSJQJN-USLFZFAMSA-N LSM-4015 Chemical compound C1([C@@H](CO)C(=O)OC2C[C@@H]3N([C@H](C2)[C@@H]2[C@H]3O2)C)=CC=CC=C1 STECJAGHUSJQJN-USLFZFAMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100022223 Neuronal growth regulator 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bisulfite Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])=O DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930013930 alkaloid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229940035676 analgesics Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000954 anitussive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000730 antalgic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940125715 antihistaminic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000739 antihistaminic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003434 antitussive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940124584 antitussives Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000003123 bronchiole Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000168 bronchodilator agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- CZBZUDVBLSSABA-UHFFFAOYSA-N butylated hydroxyanisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1.COC1=CC=C(O)C=C1C(C)(C)C CZBZUDVBLSSABA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010354 butylated hydroxytoluene Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940095259 butylated hydroxytoluene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- KYKAJFCTULSVSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro(fluoro)methane Chemical compound F[C]Cl KYKAJFCTULSVSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFYPFACVUDMOHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)Cl AFYPFACVUDMOHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004126 codeine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- KWGRBVOPPLSCSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N d-ephedrine Natural products CNC(C)C(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWGRBVOPPLSCSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- IZEKFCXSFNUWAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipyridamole Chemical compound C=12N=C(N(CCO)CCO)N=C(N3CCCCC3)C2=NC(N(CCO)CCO)=NC=1N1CCCCC1 IZEKFCXSFNUWAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960002179 ephedrine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003072 epinephrine hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HCZKYJDFEPMADG-UHFFFAOYSA-N erythro-nordihydroguaiaretic acid Natural products C=1C=C(O)C(O)=CC=1CC(C)C(C)CC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 HCZKYJDFEPMADG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940052303 ethers for general anesthesia Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UHCBBWUQDAVSMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroethane Chemical compound CCF UHCBBWUQDAVSMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002070 germicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- OROGSEYTTFOCAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrocodone Natural products C1C(N(CCC234)C)C2C=CC(O)C3OC2=C4C1=CC=C2OC OROGSEYTTFOCAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000622 irritating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003951 masoprocol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxybenzene Substances CCCCOC=C UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004400 mucous membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960002715 nicotine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicotine Natural products CN1CCCC1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000825 pharmaceutical preparation Substances 0.000 description 1
- SONNWYBIRXJNDC-VIFPVBQESA-N phenylephrine Chemical compound CNC[C@H](O)C1=CC=CC(O)=C1 SONNWYBIRXJNDC-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001802 phenylephrine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NQLVQOSNDJXLKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N prosulfocarb Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)C(=O)SCC1=CC=CC=C1 NQLVQOSNDJXLKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010378 sodium ascorbate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RKJRWTFHSA-M sodium ascorbate Substances [Na+].OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1[O-] PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RKJRWTFHSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960005055 sodium ascorbate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RXSVEWSESA-M sodium-L-ascorbate Chemical compound [Na+].OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1[O-] PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RXSVEWSESA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003431 steroids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940124530 sulfonamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003456 sulfonamides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011885 synergistic combination Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940029284 trichlorofluoromethane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003639 vasoconstrictive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/007—Pulmonary tract; Aromatherapy
- A61K9/0073—Sprays or powders for inhalation; Aerolised or nebulised preparations generated by other means than thermal energy
- A61K9/008—Sprays or powders for inhalation; Aerolised or nebulised preparations generated by other means than thermal energy comprising drug dissolved or suspended in liquid propellant for inhalation via a pressurized metered dose inhaler [MDI]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
Definitions
- a number of previous eflorts have been directed to the preparation of medicament-containing, pharmaceutical preparations for use in inhalation therapy.
- Thes'e preparations suffer from one or more shortcomings. In many cases they require cumbersome mechanical devices to dispense the medicament. Some of these devices employ a rubber airbulb to aspirate the medicament. This often requires substantial physical effort on the "part of the user. In other cases the vehicle for the medicament may possess irritating properties which mitigate against the use of the compositions for inhalation therapy where delicate mucous membranes may be aflected. In some cases Where a fixed dosage is required these'compositions are not conveniently dispensed in measured, constant amounts. For these reasons, as well as others, the benefits of inhalation therapy have not'been fully realized and progress in this mode of medication has lagged.
- compositions invide a self-propelling therapeutic composition for inhalation therapy which maybe packaged with safety in suitable low pressure containers,;such as frangible containers, or in containers having a dispensing valve construction which will permit dispensing jmeasui'ed, constant doses of "the medicament.
- Still another object of the present invention is to provide a stable therapeutic composition containing a liquified non-toxic propellent material which is not subject to erratic pressure variations and which imparts easily controlled pressures at room or ambient temperatures to the container in which the composition is stored and dispensed from.
- compositions of the present invention comprise a medicament dissolved in a non-toxic
- liquid propellant in thenature of a fluorinated or fluorochlorinated lower aliphatic hydrocarbon, preferably with the aid of a co-solvent for both the medicament and the a medicament in aerosol form for inhalation therapy.
- the non-toxic, liquid propellant shall be a fluorinated or a fluorochlorinated lower saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon, and preferably a halogenated alkane containing not more than 2 carbon atoms and at least 1 fluorine atom, or mixtures thereof.
- the propellants shall possess a boiling point of less than F. at 760 mm. pressure.
- propellants examples include dichlorodifiuoromethane (Freon 12), dichlorotetrafluoroethane (Freon 114) CCIF CClF trichloromonofluoromethane (Freon 11), dichloromonofiuoromethane (Freon 21), and Propellants with improved vapor pressure characteristics may be obtained by using certain mixtures of these compounds, e.
- Freon 11 and Freon 12, or Freon 12 and Freon 114 For example, dichlorodifluoromethane, which has a vapor pressure of about 70 pounds per square inch .gauge and 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (Freon 114), with a vapor pressure of about -13 pounds per square inch. gauge at 70 F., may be mixed in various proportions to form a propellant having an intermediate vapor pressure which is well suited for use in relatively low pressure containers.
- the vapor pressure of the propellant employed shall itself be between about 25 and 65 pounds per square inch gauge at 70 F., and preferably between about 30 and 40 pounds per square inch gauge at that temperature.
- a one-component propellant defined'for use in thecomposition was found to give a'composition with gaugepressures in the rangeof 55to 65 pounds per square inch at 70 F., which are usable safely with metal containers.
- the two-component propellants such as equalweight mixtures of Freon 12 and "Freon 11, were found to give gauge pressures in the range of 2 0 to 40 pounds per square inch at 70 F., which are usable safely with specially reinforced glass containers.
- the medicament employed in a composition according to this invention can be one which is therapeutically ef fective when administered'by inhalation and which may be brought into stable solution in any of the above defined liquified propellants, if necessary, with the aid of a cosolvent and/ or stabilizing substance.
- One type of medicament which can be employed satisfactorily is the vasoconstrictive amines and their acid-addition salts.
- other types of medicaments such :as hormones, enzymes, alkaloids, steroids, analgesics, broncho-dilators,. antihistamines, 'antitussives, anginal preparations, antibiotics and sulfonamides and synergistic combinations of these,v
- Examples of the medicaments which may be employed in producing the compositions of this invention are: isoproterenol hydrochloride [u-(isopropylaminomethyl) protocatechuyl alcohol], phenylephrine, epinephrine, ephedrine, narcotine, codeine, atropine, ergotamine, scopolamine, colchicine, cortisone and alkyl nitrites, such'as amyl nitrite or octyl nitrite.
- the co-solvent maybe any liquid substance which assists in. dissolving the medicament in the liquified propellant and which is chemically inert to the medicament in the sense that it does not promote the decomposition of this substance.
- Suitable co-solvents are intermediate in polarity between the propellant and the medicament.
- the co-solvents have the property of being a solvent for the medicament and soluble in the propellants prescribed for use in this invention.
- the co-solvent beside being chemically inert toward the medicament, should benontoxic andwithout undesirable effects on inhalation in the amount present in the aersol produced.
- the co-solvent shall have as low a boiling point as possible and prefer-. ably not higher than 212 F. at atmospheric pressure. Examples of satisfactory co-solvents include non-toxic loweralcohols and eth ers, e. g., ethanol, diethyl ether, chloroform, mixtures of ethanol and wate r, and mixtures of chloroform and ethanol.
- the stabilizers or anti-oxidants which .may be employed are stronger reducing agents than the medicament and which are non-toxic, such as the alkali-metal bisu'lfites (sodium bisulfite), alkali-metal ascorbates (sodium ascorbate), ascorbic acid, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, 2- tertiarybutyl-4-hyd'roxy anisole, 3-tertiarybutyl-4-hydroxy anisole, butylated hydroxytoluene' (sold under the trademark Tenox BHT), ethylhydro-caffeate, etc. It is normallynot necessary to employ -a stabilizer in an amount in excess'of 0.25% by-weight ofthe composition.
- Spray pattern involves the delivery rate, the particle size distribution and the spray angle.
- the spray pattern is affected by mechanical factors, e. g., valve construction and orifice size and shape, and by the characteristics of the composition, e. g., viscosity, vapor pressure, type and percentage of propellant.
- thecomposition lack-suificient propellent force and consequently the'inadequate aerosolization of the medicament results in a particle size distribution which is not efiiciently absorbed in-the' bronchioles and alveoli.
- the composition may become unstable during storage and-the medicament may precipitate from the composition.
- thecompositions may develop undesirably high pressures.
- the open container and its contents are then cooled, preferably to a temperature below the boiling point of the propellant to be employed. A temperature of 25 F. is usually satisfactory.
- a measured quantity of the liquified propellant which also has been cooled below its boiling point is then introduced into the container and mixed with the solution already present. The quantities of the components introduced into the container are calculated to provide the desired concentration of each in the final composition.
- the container is sealed with a closure equipped with asuitable dispensing valve arrangement. Upon warming to room temperature the Q mnts of the container are mixed by agitation of the containerto insure complete solution of the medicament.
- the liquid propellant constitute at least about 50% by weight of the total composition upward to about 90%. It is preferred that the propellant constitute between about 55% or 60% and 80% by weight of the total composition.
- the amount and constitution of the co-solvent is largely dependent upon the solubility characteristics of the medicament employed. In most cases it has been found that satisfactory results are obtained where the co-solvent constitutes between about 5% or 10% and 40%, and preferably between abont 20% and 40%'-- v we hto the t a .cQmP s t Qn- .lf to!
- the amout of medicament shall generally constitute from about 0.1% to 20%, and preferably from about 0.1% to 2% by weight of the'composition.
- the propellant makes-upthe difference 'betwen the proportions of medicamennco-solvent, stabilizer and 100%.
- novel compositions of the-invention maybe-prepared and containers filled with them by-means of-the following process:
- Asuitable measured quantity-of the medicament- is mixed with, and dissolved in, a measured amountof the co-solvent. .A stabilizer, if desired,- is added.
- A- measured quantity-zof the resultingsolution isythea ntra used percentages bysweight of the total composition.
- Example 3 I Percent Isoproterenol l ICl ate Ethan We Trichloromonotiuoromethane (Freon 1-1)
- Example 6 g 1 V H Percent Narcotine v 1 Water 0.65 Ethanol (absolute) a 12.35 Chloroform 20.6
- Dichlorodifiuorornethane (Freon 12) i f-'3 4.8
- Example 10 I I I P ercent Atropine 0.1 Ethanol 95% a 9.9 Dichlorodifluoromethane (Freon 12) 45 Dichlorotetrafluoroethane (Freon 114) 45 1 100
- Example 11 i t Percent Octyl nitrite 0.1 Ethanol 95 9.9 Dichlorotetrafiuoroethane .(Freon 114) 55.4 Dichlorodifiuoromethane (Freon 12) 34.6
- colchicine cortisone, amyl nitrite, etc.
- compositions in accordance with this invention are characterized by a clear, sparkling appearancewith the advantage that it is easy to observe when the'container is nearly empty. It is recommended for added safety that the glass bottles be coated with a plastic film, preferably clear.
- 'Aldip-tube of suitable material may be connected with the opening containing the valve arrangement and extendingfto the bottom of the container or an inverted system without a dip-tube may be'-used.
- the composition is expelled through the opening in the form of a fine stream to form an aerosol of the medicament.
- the opening is desirably constructed to provide a small orifice so as to expel a fine spray of the composition.
- a self-propelling pharmaceutical composition capable of providing a medicament in aerosol formsuitable for inhalation therapy, comprising as the medicament a water-soluble acid-addition salt of a bronchodi lator amine selected from the class consisting of isoproterenol and epinephrine, said medicament comprising between about 0.1% and 2% of the composition, as a co solvent for said medicament, an aqueous ethanol mixture in an amount comprising between about 20% to 40% of the composition, the water in said cosolvent comprising between about 1.5% and 2% 'of the total com'-' position, and as a liquefied non-toxic propellant componut 21 halogenated lower alkane containing at least 1 fluorine atom and not more than 2 carbon atoms and having a vapor pressure of between about 20 and 65 pounds per square inch gauge at F., said liquefied propellantfcomponent comprising substantially the re mainder of the composition.
- a self-propelling pharmaceutical composition as defined by claim .1 containing about 0.25% ,isoprotera enol hydrochloride, about-1.5% water, about 33.25%- ethanol, and the remainder being a liquefied'non-toxie propellant as ,defi ne d by claim 1.
- a package comprising a pressure-tight container having a valve-controlled opening and containing a selfpropelling pharmaceutical composition capable of providing a medicament in aerosol form suitable forinhal-ation therapy, comprising as a medicament a water-soluble acid-addition salt ofa bronchodilator' amine selected from the. class consisting of. isoproterenol and epinephrine,- said medicament comprising between about 0.1% and 2% of the composition, as. a .cosolvent-for said medicament an aqueous ethanol mixture. in an. amount comprising- -betwee about 20%. and 40% of the composition, the waterin said cosolvent comprising between about 1.5% and 2% of the total.
- a selfpropelling pharmaceutical composition capable of providing a medicament in aerosol form suitable forinhal-ation therapy, comprising as a medicament a water-soluble acid-addition salt ofa bronchodilator' amine selected from the. class consisting of. isoproterenol and
- said liquefied propellant component comprising substantia l lythe remainder of the composition.
- a method oi producing a measured dose ofimedicament in aerosol form suitable for inhalation therapy whi omprise f rm n a q d mposition oira' msdis mentqnthetorm o a atqrs luhleaci d ition altof abronchodilatoramine selected from the class consisting otisoproterenol and epinephrine, said medicamom.
- composition comprising between about 0.1% and 2% of the composition, said medicament being dissolved ina mixture of a co-solvent and a liquefied non-toxic propellant component, said co-solvent comprising an aqueous ethanol gniggtpre i n an amount comprising between about 2 1 and 49% oi the total.
- nqns9lve n t comprising between about l.5'%.wand'2%' or the total composition, said liquefied non-toxic; propellant component comprising a halogenated lower alkane containing at least 1 fluorine atom and not more than 2 carbon atoms and having a--.v-ap,or pressure of between ab9u-t'20 and pounds per square inch gauge at F., said liquefied propellant component comprising substan-v a ly e .remainder ofthe. composition,v .and dispensing he. l iq isl .qq l position. from. a. pressure-tight. container through a control valve for-self-propelled delivery in the f rm of an. a lQS01' l'QSU1l1l1g from the rapidvaporization of...the propellant.
- propellant component comprising a halogenated lower alkane containing at least 1 fluorine atom
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Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BE555319D BE555319A (en)) | 1956-03-21 | ||
US572788A US2868691A (en) | 1956-03-21 | 1956-03-21 | Self-propelling compositions for inhalation therapy containing a salt of isoproterenol or epinephrine |
GB7565/57A GB830426A (en) | 1956-03-21 | 1957-03-07 | Self-propelling pharmaceutical compositions |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US572788A US2868691A (en) | 1956-03-21 | 1956-03-21 | Self-propelling compositions for inhalation therapy containing a salt of isoproterenol or epinephrine |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2868691A true US2868691A (en) | 1959-01-13 |
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ID=24289356
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US572788A Expired - Lifetime US2868691A (en) | 1956-03-21 | 1956-03-21 | Self-propelling compositions for inhalation therapy containing a salt of isoproterenol or epinephrine |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2868691A (en)) |
BE (1) | BE555319A (en)) |
GB (1) | GB830426A (en)) |
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BE555319A (en)) | 1900-01-01 |
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