US2761933A - Device for breaking electric circuits - Google Patents

Device for breaking electric circuits Download PDF

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Publication number
US2761933A
US2761933A US393463A US39346353A US2761933A US 2761933 A US2761933 A US 2761933A US 393463 A US393463 A US 393463A US 39346353 A US39346353 A US 39346353A US 2761933 A US2761933 A US 2761933A
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United States
Prior art keywords
arc
contact
blade
chute
coil
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Expired - Lifetime
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US393463A
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English (en)
Inventor
Latour Andre
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Merlin Gerin SA
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Merlin Gerin SA
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/12—Auxiliary contacts on to which the arc is transferred from the main contacts
    • H01H33/121—Load break switches
    • H01H33/123—Load break switches in which the auxiliary contact pivots on the main contact-arm and performs a delayed and accelerated movement
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/12—Auxiliary contacts on to which the arc is transferred from the main contacts
    • H01H33/121—Load break switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/44—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet

Definitions

  • the invention refers to devices for breaking electric circuits under load and generally to devices of the type in which the arc is drawn between at least one stationary contact and at least one movable contact, such as by means of an auxiliary or arcing blade which, when the movable main contact blade leaves the xed or stationary contact, breaks the current and draws the arc.
  • the invention refers to developments of those arc chambers or arc chutes which comprise a pairof plates of insulating, refractory material which, close together, confine the space within which the arc drawing contact moves and the arc develops vand expands, and it is an object of the invention to develop these chambers so as to increase their current breaking power and the rapidity with which arcs of high intensity as well as those of low intensity are extinguished.
  • the plates which form the arc chute are disposed extremely close to each other, thus leaving between themselves a space of a width of the order of about one millimeter or less or slightly more up to a few millimeters.
  • a comb-like structure constituted by a base body and teeth.
  • the teeth project from the base body and the exit end of the chute into the space of the chute and into the path of the arc development and expansion.
  • the teeth are extended transversely of the chute space from plate to plate thus are of a height so as to adjoin over their lengths, closely without gap, the side walls of the chute space.
  • the teeth are spaced apart from one another by interspaces of a width so as to allowl the attenuated arc to penetrate into the interspaces and thus to be deilected and elongated within a plane parallel to the side walls or plates.
  • the comb-like structure is so disposed that the interspaces communicate at the roots of the teeth with the outside of the arc chute.
  • a further object of the invention is an arrangement of the arcing contacts for the control of the magnetic arc blowing means, an arrangement which within the'same device makes possible to blow out with equal efficiency' arcs of high current intensity intensity.
  • blow coils are provided of and arcs of low current which one, by being wound with wire of larger diameterl and fewer turns is essentially designed to develop a strong blow field under heavy current, whereas the other coil wound with wire of smaller diameter but with a greater number of turns is designed for the blowing out of arcs of lower intensity.
  • M'Iti's particularly an object of the invention to mak ICC 2,75L933 Fatented Sept. 4, 1956 the duration of the insertion of these coils into the circuit independent of the velocity with which the circuit breaker is operated.
  • the principal coil, or, in the arrangement of the invention, the coil for blowing the arc of heavy currents will be connected between the stationary contact which the arcing blade engages in the closed position and a supplementary auxiliary contact or electrode provided in the vicinity thereto on the path of the arcing blade.
  • the principal coil is switched in series into the circuit at a precise moment and after the arcing blade or lever had overcome the frictional resistance resulting of its engagement with the stationary contact of its closed position, and had reached the succeeding auxiliary contact to which the second end of this coil is connected.
  • the second coil for the breaking of weak currents will be inserted in series with the arc by means of two auxiliary contacts provided on the path of the auxiliary blade.
  • the time period during which this second coil is inserted into the circuit depends solely upon the duration of the arc. However the length of this period may still be further reduced by providing an auxiliary electrode by means of which the arc may short-circuit the secondary coil as soon as the arc will have developed to a proper length, suicient to cause its extinction.
  • the are expansion and extinction chamber or arc chute with its blow coils and contacts may be developed as a unitary structure adapted to be removably mounted as a whole at one of the supply leads or bus bars of the current interrupter so that the interrupter may be employed with the chamber as a circuit breaker and Without the chamber as a section switch which holds a line section separated after the circuit had been opened by a circuit breaker associated with the section switch.
  • Fig. l is an elevational side view of a circuit breaker of the invention, with the forward plate of the arc development and expansion chamber removed for showing the interior and rearward part of the chamber;
  • Figs. 2 and 3 respectively are sections along lines 2 2 and 3-3 of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 4 is an elevational veiw of the circuit breaker illustrating the chamber secured to the upper supply lead of the circuit breaker;
  • Figs. 5 to 7 are diagrammatic views showing schematically the various steps of inserting the coils into the circuit during the opening movement of the switch;
  • Figs. 1l and 12 are similar views of another modification.
  • 11 is the frame. of the circuit breaker. Upon this frame there are mounted the supportingy insulators 12, 13, 14. The supply leads or conductor bars of the current are designated by 15, 16. They end respectively at the main contacts or terminal postsv 17, 18 of the circuit breaker.
  • the main blade 20 ⁇ of the circuit breaker, which in the closed position of the circuit breaker engages the jaws of contacty 18 is pivotally mounted at the terminal post 17 by means of pivot 21.
  • 22 is the arcing auxiliary blade pivotal about pivot 27 upon main blade 26.
  • the arc drawing, lever or arcing blade in its closed position, engages a iirst stationary, auxiliary contact 28 connected to conductor. bar 16.
  • a nose 23 of the arc drawing contact. lever 22 is.
  • main. blade is operated by means of a coupling rod constituted by an insulator 32 which on its part is. actuated. by the command lever 36.
  • spring 24 will be: sufiiciently tensioned to withdraw the contact faces of the are drawing lever 22 from the clamping jaws of the first stationary, auxiliary contact 28.
  • the arc developing and expansion chamber or are chute Upon the insulators 12, 13 there is mounted,I through the intermediary of the conductor bar or supply lead 16, the arc developing and expansion chamber or are chute, generally designated by 33, conveniently. ⁇ detachable by conventional securing means, schematically indicated at 34, 35, Fig. 4.
  • the arc chute 33 comprises two outerl side walls. 40, 41 of insulating material, of any conventional or convcnient type, held together by screw bolts 42, 43 and spaced apart from each other by insulating spacing sleeves or cylinders 44, 45, as may best be seen on Figs. 9 to 12.
  • the arc will be elongatedv and deiiected in its. plane, a plane parallel to the side walls ofV thev chute, into zigzag; form by the provision, between tbe refractory ln-Y ings, of a comb-like. structure between, the walls. of ⁇ the arcV development andv expansion chamber.
  • this element of comb-likestruc ture is inserted between the plates 46, 47.
  • This element comprises teeth 49 of various lengths adjoining closely, without gap, the side walls or refractory plates 46, 47, as Figs. 2, and 3 illustrate. These teeth project, as Fig.
  • l illustrates,4 from a base body 48 at the upper or exit end of the arc chute towards and into the path ori the arc and transversely thereof leaving between themselves interspaces.
  • sutlicientA to allow the attenuated arc to penetrate, into the interspaccs andy thus to be deflected and elongated in zig-zag form in the plane of its development, and expansion, a plane parallel to the side walls of the are chute.
  • The. base body of the structure may project above. the side walls 40, 41 of the are chute or above the inner lining 46, 47 so that the interspaces between the ribs, or openings 50 provided between the ribs at their roots or thebase of the comb-like structure, may communicate with the outside. of the arc chute and thus allow tbe hot gases 4 generated by the arc to escape from the arc chute tothe outside atmosphere.
  • the comb-like structure here illustrated as a separate body, may be of any proper insulating material having a certain elasticity, properly inserted between the walls of the chamber so as to leave, at the interspaces between the ribs, uncovered escape openings for the hot gases.
  • this structure may be obtained by providing correspondingly shaped. ribs projecting in relief from the one or from both walls, the ribs being of a height so as to extend across the chamber spaces from wall to wall. These ribs project from the upper part or exit end of the chamber downwards towards and into the path of the arc and transversely thereto.
  • the interspaces between the ribs communicate at their upper ends, or between the roots of the ribs with the outside of the chamber.
  • the plates. 40,. 41 are shaped with sockets 51 to lodge therein two blowI coils 52, 53 whose effect will be enhanced through magnetic pole plates 54, 55 andy 56, 57 provided upon the outside faces of the insulating plates 40, 41.
  • auxiliary contact 2S which the arcing blade 22 engages in the closed. position oi tbe circuit breaker
  • the end contact 29. similar to contact 28, is shaped of a pair of contact making clamping jaws between which blade 22 enters or which it engages frictionally, whereas the median contacts 30, 31, Figs.
  • Blow coil 52 is connected to the contacts 28 and 30, those next on the path upon which the are drawing blade 22 moves when the circuit breaker is opened.
  • This coil is so designed as to develop a strong blow field im der heavy currents, thus with fewer turns and a larger' diameter of the wire;
  • the second blow coil 53 on the' other hand, is designed to develop a strong. blow field under weak currents, thus is' of a greater number of turns wound of' a wire of ⁇ smaller diameter.
  • This coil is connected to the' contacts. 29', 31., thus to those most distant from the closed position on the path of the openingi arc drawing blade 22.
  • the device then operatesv as follows:
  • blade 22 passes the auxiliary electrode 31 whilst, under the influence of the blow field produced by coil 52, the arc with its roots on blade 22 and electrode 30 develops and rises towards the comblike structure 48, 49.
  • Both coils are now inserted into the circuit and both contribute to the rapid expansion of the arc towards the upper part of the chamber.
  • the arc will now bear against the ribs 49 of various lengths of the comb-like structure and will thus be considerably elongated and will rapidly extinguish, and kthis even before blade 22 has left the auxiliary contact 29 in order to reach the open position at 61.
  • the hot gases produced by the arc will escape through the openings 50 provided in the base 48 of the ⁇ comblike structure and above the space of the arc development and expansion chamber.
  • Coil 53 in view of the small number of its turns will not suffice to produce a blow tield strong enough for extinguishing the arc.
  • the arc thus will still subsist when blade 22 reaches the auxiliary contact 29.
  • Coil 53 thus is likewise inserted into the circuit and owing to the great number of its turns will contribute to the immediate extinction of the arc of low current intensity, and, in any case, within a lapse of time much shorter than that necessary for the auxiliary blade to pass contact 29.
  • a further auxiliary contact such as shown at 62, Fig. 8, may be provided which through line 63 is connected to contact 29 and the end of vcoil 53 connected therewith.
  • a further auxiliary contact such as shown at 62, Fig. 8 which through line 63 is connected to contact 29 and the end of vcoil 53 connected therewith.
  • both blades 20 and 22 have reached the open end position.
  • the distance between the blades and the chamber then is such that no re-igniting of the arc is possible.
  • the chamber In this open end position the chamber is not subjected to any dielectric strain.
  • the chamber is subjected to a dielectric strain which however is transmitted by means of the pole plates 54, 55, and 56, 57, towards the midst of chamber 33 which does less impede the extinction of the arc than if the strain were transmitted to the region of coil 53.
  • the breaking of the arc is visible and thus may easily be surveyed.
  • the arc breaking reines chamber When the circuit breaker is open, the arc breaking reines chamber is not subjected to any dielectric strain. This strain, however, during the breaking process is transmitted to the midst of the chamber; the problem of insulat- ⁇ ing the chamber is simplified and the conditions for the extinction of the arc improved through more favorable distribution of the electric eld.
  • the chamber is readily removable from the circuit breaker so that the field of use of the same construction is widely enlarged.
  • insulating material such as is conventional for high tension insulation, e. g. the polythenes (CH2CH2), vinylchloride C2H3Cl or polyvinylchlorides (CHmCHCD, or others.
  • insulating material such as is conventional for high tension insulation, e. g. the polythenes (CH2CH2), vinylchloride C2H3Cl or polyvinylchlorides (CHmCHCD, or others.
  • the inventor has further discovered that the steep change, increase or decrease, of the potential gradient between juxtaposed pole plates may be avoided when in accordance with a further development of this feature the potential gradient over the length of the pole plates is subdivided into steps by subdividing the juxtaposed parts of the pole plates into segments such as illustrated at 69, 70; 71, 72; and 73, 74; 75, 76 in Figs. l1, l2, each segment being covered or coated or enveloped with insulating material and separated by air gaps 77, 78, 79, 80, or gaps lled with other non-conductive non-magnetic material.
  • the nonconductive gaps may be magnetically but not conductively bridged by counter segments 83, 84, 85, and 86, S7, 88 likewise individually 'covered or enveloped by insulating material as just described.
  • an arc chute constitutes by a pair of plates of insulating, refractory material leaving between themselves a space of a width of the order of about one millimeter to a few millimeters, thereby to attenuate the arc; a comb-like structure constituted by a base body andteeth, said teeth projecting from the base body and the exit end of the chute into the space thereof and into the path of the are development and expansion and extending transv versely of said space from plate to plate; said teeth being spaced apart from one another by interspaces of a lateral width so as to allow the attenuated arc to penetrate into said interspaces, the arc thus to be deflected and elongated within a plane parallel to said plates.
  • an arc chute constituted by a pair of plates of insulating, refractory material leaving between themselves a space of a Width of the order of about one millimeter to a few millimeters, thereby to attenuate the arc; a comb-like structure constituted by a base body and teeth, said teeth projecting from the base body and the exit end of the chute into the space thereof and into the path of the arc edevelopment and expansion and extending transversely of said space from plate to plate; said eeth being spaced apart from one another by interspaces f' a lateral width so as to allow the attenuated arc to penetrate into saidl interspaces and thusto be deected and elongated'within aplane parallel to said plates; said comblike structure being disposed in spatial
  • a device for extinguishing an electric are, at least one stationary main contact, a main contact blade, and an are drawing contact lever resiliently disposed at said contact blade for movement therewith and movement relatively thereto, an arc chute constituted by a pair of plates of insulating refractory material leaving a narrow space between themselves; two blow coils disposed at said are chute ror blowing' out said are within said.
  • one of said coils being designed so as to develop a strong blow eld under heavy'currents, the other to develop a strong blow field under weak currents;
  • said arc drawing lever having a contact disposed for movement through said are chute; at least four stationary, auxiliary contacts being disposed within said chtite and distributed along the path ofsaid are drawing contact and spaced apart from one another; the first of said auxiliary contacts being connected toa terminal of said device, said first auxiliary contact and said movable are drawing Contact being mutually disposed for frictional engagement; the iirst of said coils being connected between the iirst and the second of said auxiliary contacts, the second of said coils being connected between the last two of said auxiliary contacts; thereby, when the main blade is opened and is moved on its path, to ⁇ snap said are drawing movable contact from the first of said auxiliaryl contacts and move it over the other auxiliary contacts and thus, in rapid succession, while drawing the arc and causing it to develop and expand, iirst to. insert
  • an arc chute constituted by a pair of plates of insulating, refractory material leaving between themselves a space of a width of the order of about one millimeter to a few millimeters, thereby to attenuate the arc; a comb-like structure constituted by a base body and teeth, said teeth projecting from the base body and the exit end of the chute into the space thereof and into the-path of the are development and expansion and extending transversely of said space from plate to plate; said teeth being spaced apart from one another by interspaces of a lateral width so as to allow the attenuated are to penetrate into said interspaees and thus to be delleeted and elongated within a plane parallel to said plates; said comb-like structure being disposed in spatial relationship to the exit of said chute
  • blow coils are provided with pole plates of magnetic material, said' pole plates having at least at their juxtaposed parts covers of insulating material, thereby', when the arc is "drawn and the pole plates might electrically be charged with considerable potential difference relatively to each other, to protect the device against flash-over of an are between said pole plates.
  • a device as set forth in claim 6 wherein said pole plates in the direction of the potential gradient are subdivided into apluralityof segments with gaps of non-conductive material therebetween, thereby to subdivide the potential gradient into steps.
  • nonconductive gaps are magnetically but not conductively bridged by counter segments'.

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  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
US393463A 1952-12-22 1953-11-20 Device for breaking electric circuits Expired - Lifetime US2761933A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE516461X 1952-12-22

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US393463A Expired - Lifetime US2761933A (en) 1952-12-22 1953-11-20 Device for breaking electric circuits

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US (1) US2761933A (en(2012))
BE (2) BE517653A (en(2012))
DE (1) DE1081540B (en(2012))
FR (1) FR1093056A (en(2012))
GB (1) GB766655A (en(2012))

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2916588A (en) * 1958-04-29 1959-12-08 Ite Circuit Breaker Ltd Multiple break air magnetic breaker
US3133175A (en) * 1960-10-05 1964-05-12 Cutler Hammer Inc Shockproof electromagnetic contactor having arc chute and blowout assembly and pivoted contact carriage means
US3268699A (en) * 1965-04-23 1966-08-23 Ite Circuit Breaker Ltd Magnetic type circuit breaker having air gap in face of face wound core structure for producing non-uniform magnetic field
CN107833785A (zh) * 2017-11-30 2018-03-23 浙江紫光电器有限公司 一种真空隔离负荷开关

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1260613B (de) * 1960-04-14 1968-02-08 Liebknecht Transformat Lastumschalter fuer Stufentransformatoren

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US1623851A (en) * 1926-07-23 1927-04-05 Gen Electric Circuit interrupter
US1914143A (en) * 1928-02-01 1933-06-13 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Circuit interrupter
US1933175A (en) * 1931-02-27 1933-10-31 Condit Electrical Mfg Company Electric switch having magnetic arc extinguishing means
US2285643A (en) * 1934-10-20 1942-06-09 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Arc chute for electric circuit breakers
US2293487A (en) * 1939-10-11 1942-08-18 Gen Electric Electric circuit breaker
US2337949A (en) * 1942-05-29 1943-12-28 Gen Electric Circuit breaker
US2349681A (en) * 1941-05-24 1944-05-23 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Circuit interrupter
US2381637A (en) * 1942-04-09 1945-08-07 Ite Circuit Breaker Ltd Arc quencher
US2393164A (en) * 1943-02-27 1946-01-15 Gen Electric Electric circuit breaker
US2417683A (en) * 1944-04-13 1947-03-18 Gen Electric Electric air circuit breaker
GB590970A (en) * 1945-04-26 1947-08-01 Reyrolle A & Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to electric air-break circuit-breakers
US2428254A (en) * 1944-03-21 1947-09-30 Gen Electric Circuit breaker
US2446859A (en) * 1944-10-14 1948-08-10 Gen Electric Switch

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DE408129C (de) * 1920-03-11 1925-01-10 Aeg Funkenloeschvorrichtung fuer elektrische Stromunterbrecher
GB219483A (en) * 1923-07-17 1924-07-31 Alfred Henry Jacks Improvements in or relating to electric switches for use in electric meters and for other purposes
DE401970C (de) * 1924-01-31 1924-09-16 Siemens Schuckertwerke G M B H UEberstromschalter
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DE540927C (de) * 1928-07-14 1932-01-07 Siemens Schuckertwerke Akt Ges Schalter zum Unterbrechen von Stroemen von sehr verschiedener Stromstaerke mit magnetischer Serienblasung
DE728612C (de) * 1934-10-20 1942-11-30 Siemens Ag Schalter mit Lichtbogenkammer
DE672502C (de) * 1936-12-09 1939-03-03 Voigt & Haeffner Akt Ges Anordnung zum Befestigen elektrischer Apparate, Instrumente o. dgl. auf Schalttafeln
US2243038A (en) * 1938-07-01 1941-05-20 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Circuit interrupter
DE702431C (de) * 1939-03-19 1941-02-07 Aeg Einrichtung zur Lichtbogenloeschung an elektrischen Schaltern
BE483190A (en(2012)) * 1939-03-22
US2308026A (en) * 1940-02-20 1943-01-12 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Load break disconnect
DE710229C (de) * 1940-04-20 1941-09-08 Aeg Lichtbogenloeschvorrichtung fuer Schalter
US2571864A (en) * 1947-08-21 1951-10-16 Westinghouse Electric Corp Arc extinguishing circuit interrupter

Patent Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1623851A (en) * 1926-07-23 1927-04-05 Gen Electric Circuit interrupter
US1914143A (en) * 1928-02-01 1933-06-13 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Circuit interrupter
US1933175A (en) * 1931-02-27 1933-10-31 Condit Electrical Mfg Company Electric switch having magnetic arc extinguishing means
US2285643A (en) * 1934-10-20 1942-06-09 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Arc chute for electric circuit breakers
US2293487A (en) * 1939-10-11 1942-08-18 Gen Electric Electric circuit breaker
US2349681A (en) * 1941-05-24 1944-05-23 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Circuit interrupter
US2381637A (en) * 1942-04-09 1945-08-07 Ite Circuit Breaker Ltd Arc quencher
US2337949A (en) * 1942-05-29 1943-12-28 Gen Electric Circuit breaker
US2393164A (en) * 1943-02-27 1946-01-15 Gen Electric Electric circuit breaker
US2428254A (en) * 1944-03-21 1947-09-30 Gen Electric Circuit breaker
US2417683A (en) * 1944-04-13 1947-03-18 Gen Electric Electric air circuit breaker
US2446859A (en) * 1944-10-14 1948-08-10 Gen Electric Switch
GB590970A (en) * 1945-04-26 1947-08-01 Reyrolle A & Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to electric air-break circuit-breakers

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2916588A (en) * 1958-04-29 1959-12-08 Ite Circuit Breaker Ltd Multiple break air magnetic breaker
US3133175A (en) * 1960-10-05 1964-05-12 Cutler Hammer Inc Shockproof electromagnetic contactor having arc chute and blowout assembly and pivoted contact carriage means
US3268699A (en) * 1965-04-23 1966-08-23 Ite Circuit Breaker Ltd Magnetic type circuit breaker having air gap in face of face wound core structure for producing non-uniform magnetic field
CN107833785A (zh) * 2017-11-30 2018-03-23 浙江紫光电器有限公司 一种真空隔离负荷开关
CN107833785B (zh) * 2017-11-30 2020-04-03 浙江紫光电器有限公司 一种真空隔离负荷开关

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BE517653A (en(2012))
FR1093056A (fr) 1955-04-29
DE1081540B (de) 1960-05-12
GB766655A (en) 1957-01-23
BE516461A (en(2012))

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