US2736672A - Selenium rectifier of increased blocking properties - Google Patents
Selenium rectifier of increased blocking properties Download PDFInfo
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- US2736672A US2736672A US289351A US28935152A US2736672A US 2736672 A US2736672 A US 2736672A US 289351 A US289351 A US 289351A US 28935152 A US28935152 A US 28935152A US 2736672 A US2736672 A US 2736672A
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- selenium
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- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 32
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 32
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 title claims description 32
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 title description 21
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 23
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 10
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001511 metal iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003346 selenoethers Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JIKZEPRTARLVKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Se].[I] Chemical compound [Se].[I] JIKZEPRTARLVKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003467 diminishing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- BVJUXXYBIMHHDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodane Chemical compound I.I BVJUXXYBIMHHDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 metal-selenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940083599 sodium iodide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000009518 sodium iodide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
- D06B3/00—Passing of textile materials through liquids, gases or vapours to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing, impregnating
- D06B3/04—Passing of textile materials through liquids, gases or vapours to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing, impregnating of yarns, threads or filaments
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/06—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising selenium or tellurium in uncombined form other than as impurities in semiconductor bodies of other materials
- H01L21/08—Preparation of the foundation plate
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/06—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising selenium or tellurium in uncombined form other than as impurities in semiconductor bodies of other materials
- H01L21/10—Preliminary treatment of the selenium or tellurium, its application to the foundation plate, or the subsequent treatment of the combination
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/06—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising selenium or tellurium in uncombined form other than as impurities in semiconductor bodies of other materials
- H01L21/10—Preliminary treatment of the selenium or tellurium, its application to the foundation plate, or the subsequent treatment of the combination
- H01L21/101—Application of the selenium or tellurium to the foundation plate
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/06—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising selenium or tellurium in uncombined form other than as impurities in semiconductor bodies of other materials
- H01L21/10—Preliminary treatment of the selenium or tellurium, its application to the foundation plate, or the subsequent treatment of the combination
- H01L21/103—Conversion of the selenium or tellurium to the conductive state
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- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/06—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising selenium or tellurium in uncombined form other than as impurities in semiconductor bodies of other materials
- H01L21/10—Preliminary treatment of the selenium or tellurium, its application to the foundation plate, or the subsequent treatment of the combination
- H01L21/108—Provision of discrete insulating layers, i.e. non-genetic barrier layers
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- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/06—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising selenium or tellurium in uncombined form other than as impurities in semiconductor bodies of other materials
- H01L21/12—Application of an electrode to the exposed surface of the selenium or tellurium after the selenium or tellurium has been applied to the foundation plate
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- H01L25/04—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers
- H01L25/07—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers the devices being of a type provided for in group H01L29/00
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- D06B2700/00—Treating of textile materials, e.g. bleaching, dyeing, mercerising, impregnating, washing; Fulling of fabrics
- D06B2700/25—Sizing, starching or impregnating warp yarns; Making glazed yarn; Drying sized warp yarns
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- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
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- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12708—Sn-base component
Definitions
- the amount of halogen contents determines the properties of the rectifier in both flux and blocking direction.
- the resistance of the selenium is considerably reduced by the halogen contents. This, however, is also desired for the great mass of the semiconducting layer.
- a blocking layer is formed at the surface of the selenium. This blocking layer should be rather highly resistive in order to achieve a high blocking voltage and should, therefore, contain as little as possible or no halogen at all. It is therefore known since a rather long time, to build up selenium rectifiers in a way, that a halogen-poor or halogen-free selenium layer is vaporized upon a halogen-containing selenium layer.
- the initially established condition of the halogen distribution cannot be maintained on the long run.
- the halogen migrates gradually into the actual blocking layer after having been transported before, amongst others by the electrical formation, out of the actual blocking layer. Owing to these processes of diffusion the properties of the rectifiers will be deteriorated in the course of time.
- the selenium rectifier will be built up in such a manner, that on to a selenium layer having high contents of halogen amounting to a strength up to 100 and halogen contents amounting up to 100 mg.
- a very thin halogen-free selenium layer is deposited, which is provided with conductivitydecreasing metal additions. Therefore, additions of alkaline metals may be added to the selenium of this second thin layer.
- Both layers may be deposited according to the known methods. They both may be pressed on or evaporated. It is of advantage to press on the first, halogenated layer, in the usual manner on air, because a high content of halogen is guaranteed in this way.
- the second thin halogen-free selenium layer is con veniently being evaporated.
- Fig. 1 shows the conductivity of the selenium in' deendency of d'iifer'ent contents of sodium and iodine
- Fig. 2 shows the most favourable dosing of iodine and metal in the blocking layer z'one.
- the examination of the conductivity behaviour offselenium has resulted in that the adding of metals tohaloeriated selenium'leads' to quick decrease of the conductivity in that particular moment, in wt ichtiie metal is available in the amount corresponding ap roximately to the chemically stable compound of the metal-halogenide.
- Certain metals, such as alkaline metals (sodium) show this effect in a specially distinct manner, as may be seen from Fig. 1. At about 50% each, of sodium and iodine, the curvature of conductivity a shows a severe drop.
- the concentration of disturbing points will be reduced by saturating the iodine with metal for obtaining a metal-iodide, thus diminishing the conductivity.
- the added metal first of all must chemically combine the iodine, and the resulting surplus must then be available in the shape of selenide and not as oxide.
- the metal When being melted down in an iodine-free selenium, the metal has to form selenides and may not oxidize prior thereto. If this is the case then the layer, which is deposited on the halogenated layer, is regarded as being highly resistive and, therefore, suitable as a blocking layer.
- the blocking layer zone is said to consist of a metal-selenidecontaining selenium, whereby the equilibrium of reaction is always shifted towards the right in the following order of succession: metal-oxide, metal-selenide, metal-iodide.
- halogen migrates into the blocking layer, for instance, by difiusion or electrolysis, then a part of the excessive metal-selenide changes into metal-iodide, bufiering therewith with the halogen.
- the blocking layer remains halogen-poor, i. e. highly resistive.
- a selenium rectifier comprising a base electrode, a halogen-containing selenium layer on said base electrode, and a second selenium layer substantially free of halogen, containing as an additive an alkaline metal and a crystaJlization-retarding substance taken from the class cons'isting of arsenic and phosphorous.
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Description
Feh. 28,1956
SELENIUM RECTIFIER OF INCREASED BLOCKING PROPERTIES O. KLEIN Filed May 22, 1952 Selenium with 10 mg '/0 mefal, e. q sodium metal electrode Jeleni iodin e +mefal Selenium iodine semiconductor melpil meld! iodide iodide metal selenid iodine INVENTOR QKLEI N ATT OR EY United States Patent SELENIUM Riemann QETNCREASED BLOCKING rn'ornnrrns 2 Claims. (Cl. 117200) It is well known with selenium rectifiers to add halogen additions to the selenium. The amount of halogen contents determines the properties of the rectifier in both flux and blocking direction. The resistance of the selenium is considerably reduced by the halogen contents. This, however, is also desired for the great mass of the semiconducting layer. At the surface of the selenium a blocking layer is formed. This blocking layer should be rather highly resistive in order to achieve a high blocking voltage and should, therefore, contain as little as possible or no halogen at all. It is therefore known since a rather long time, to build up selenium rectifiers in a way, that a halogen-poor or halogen-free selenium layer is vaporized upon a halogen-containing selenium layer.
Owing to diffusion, which is still sponsored by high temperatures, the initially established condition of the halogen distribution cannot be maintained on the long run. Moreover, the halogen migrates gradually into the actual blocking layer after having been transported before, amongst others by the electrical formation, out of the actual blocking layer. Owing to these processes of diffusion the properties of the rectifiers will be deteriorated in the course of time.
Furthemore it is known that additions of metal make the selenium highly resistive. Especially such metals are suitable which, when being melted, rather form selenides than oxides. These are for example, alkaline or alkaline earth metals, both of which are included by the term alkaline metals. If now in the selenium, additionsof halogen are existing as well as additions of metal, then the transition from the conductivity-increasing to the conductivity-decreasing influence will be characterized perhaps by the stoechiometric relation of metal and halogen. Decisive for this stoechiometric relation is the respective stable metal halogenide, such as sodium-iodide. Therefore, the fact is to be taken into account that, whenever the metal in the blocking layer is available in surplus, the blocking layer zone will remain highly resistive also at the diffusing into, of halogen from the semi-conducting layer.
According to the invention, however, the selenium rectifier will be built up in such a manner, that on to a selenium layer having high contents of halogen amounting to a strength up to 100 and halogen contents amounting up to 100 mg. a very thin halogen-free selenium layer is deposited, which is provided with conductivitydecreasing metal additions. Therefore, additions of alkaline metals may be added to the selenium of this second thin layer. Both layers may be deposited according to the known methods. They both may be pressed on or evaporated. It is of advantage to press on the first, halogenated layer, in the usual manner on air, because a high content of halogen is guaranteed in this way. The second thin halogen-free selenium layer is con veniently being evaporated.
A better understanding of the idea of this invention 2 may be had from the description given below and made with reference to the copending drawing", in which:
Fig. 1 shows the conductivity of the selenium in' deendency of d'iifer'ent contents of sodium and iodine, and
Fig. 2 shows the most favourable dosing of iodine and metal in the blocking layer z'one. The examination of the conductivity behaviour offselenium has resulted in that the adding of metals tohaloeriated selenium'leads' to quick decrease of the conductivity in that particular moment, in wt ichtiie metal is available in the amount corresponding ap roximately to the chemically stable compound of the metal-halogenide. Certain metals, such as alkaline metals (sodium) show this effect in a specially distinct manner, as may be seen from Fig. 1. At about 50% each, of sodium and iodine, the curvature of conductivity a shows a severe drop.
According to certain presumptions, the concentration of disturbing points will be reduced by saturating the iodine with metal for obtaining a metal-iodide, thus diminishing the conductivity. Metals which already form oxides when being smelted on air, however, are of no influence upon the conductibility.
At a melting down, therefore, it is required that the added metal first of all must chemically combine the iodine, and the resulting surplus must then be available in the shape of selenide and not as oxide. When being melted down in an iodine-free selenium, the metal has to form selenides and may not oxidize prior thereto. If this is the case then the layer, which is deposited on the halogenated layer, is regarded as being highly resistive and, therefore, suitable as a blocking layer. The blocking layer zone is said to consist of a metal-selenidecontaining selenium, whereby the equilibrium of reaction is always shifted towards the right in the following order of succession: metal-oxide, metal-selenide, metal-iodide. If halogen migrates into the blocking layer, for instance, by difiusion or electrolysis, then a part of the excessive metal-selenide changes into metal-iodide, bufiering therewith with the halogen. The blocking layer, however, remains halogen-poor, i. e. highly resistive.
For the purpose of achieving layers of high resistance, it is suggested by the present invention to carry out a laminated building up by means of selenium layers containing halogen and metal respectively. A distribution of the added additions in the blocking layer will then be performed by diiferent diifusing processes, as represented in Fig. 2 of the drawing. A very highly resistive layer, providing the rectifier with excellent properties, will then be formed approximately near the point of intersection of the two graphic curves representing the metal and iodine concentration.
As mentioned already before, after this application of the counter electrode, one will have to reckon with processes of difiusion and with electrolysis, owing to which the halogen gradually will enter the actual blocking layer, whereby the blocking effect will be aiiected. In order to support the effect of the metal, existing in the blocking layer, it will be convenient to add recrystallization-retarding substances such as arsenic or phosphorous and/ or dilfusion-retarding additions, such as neutral metal oxides (A1203) to the selenium. It is easy to perceive, that the recrystallization-retarding additions should substantially be existent in the blocking layer, whilst the diffusion-retarding additions should perform their effect in the halogen-containing semi-conducting layer. The different components may be added singly or in mixtures. The added quantities may amount up to mg. percent for each component.
While I have described above the principles of my invention in connection with specific apparatus, it is to be clearly understood that this description is made only by way of example and not as a limitation to the scope of my invention as set forth in the objects thereof and in the accompanying claims.
What is claimed is:
l. A selenium rectifier comprising a base electrode, a halogen-containing selenium layer on said base electrode, and a second selenium layer substantially free of halogen, containing as an additive an alkaline metal and a crystaJlization-retarding substance taken from the class cons'isting of arsenic and phosphorous.
2. A selenium rectifier according to claim 1 wherein said selenium contains a diffusion-retarding addition of aluminum oxide.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Hewlett Nov. 16, 1943 Smith Nov. 16, 1948 FOREIGN PATENTS Great Britain Mar. 25, 1938 Great Britain Sept. 29, 1945 France Dec. 6, 1948 France Feb. 21, 1949
Claims (1)
1. A SELENIUM RECTIFIER COMPRISING A BASE ELECTRODE, A HALOGEN-CONTAINING SELENIUM LAYER ON SAID BASE ELECTRODE, AND A SECOND SELENIUM LAYER SUBSTANTIALLY FREE OF HALOGEN CONTAINING AS AN ADDITIVE AN ALKALINE METAL AND A CRYSTALLIZATION-RETARDING SUBSTANCE TAKEN FROM THE CLASS CONSISTING OF ARSENIC AND PHOSPHOROUS.
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE1939V0035594 DE696361C (en) | 1939-01-22 | 1939-01-22 | Device for oiling and finishing of running textile threads |
GB224048X | 1939-03-17 | ||
DE2736672X | 1951-05-25 | ||
DES23645A DE892193C (en) | 1939-01-22 | 1951-06-22 | Selenium rectifier |
DE2867550X | 1953-02-27 | ||
DES34699A DE1015542B (en) | 1939-01-22 | 1953-08-06 | Method of manufacturing selenium rectifier plates |
DEST9480A DE1056746B (en) | 1939-01-22 | 1955-02-24 | Process for the manufacture of selenium rectifiers |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2736672A true US2736672A (en) | 1956-02-28 |
Family
ID=32330213
Family Applications (4)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US320380A Expired - Lifetime US2314104A (en) | 1939-01-22 | 1940-02-23 | Selenium rectifier |
US289351A Expired - Lifetime US2736672A (en) | 1939-01-22 | 1952-05-22 | Selenium rectifier of increased blocking properties |
US411539A Expired - Lifetime US2867550A (en) | 1939-01-22 | 1954-02-19 | Method of making selenium rectifiers and article produced thereby |
US558423A Expired - Lifetime US2908592A (en) | 1939-01-22 | 1956-01-11 | Method of producing a selenium rectifier |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US320380A Expired - Lifetime US2314104A (en) | 1939-01-22 | 1940-02-23 | Selenium rectifier |
Family Applications After (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US411539A Expired - Lifetime US2867550A (en) | 1939-01-22 | 1954-02-19 | Method of making selenium rectifiers and article produced thereby |
US558423A Expired - Lifetime US2908592A (en) | 1939-01-22 | 1956-01-11 | Method of producing a selenium rectifier |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (4) | US2314104A (en) |
BE (4) | BE545512A (en) |
CH (5) | CH224048A (en) |
DE (5) | DE696361C (en) |
FR (7) | FR864102A (en) |
GB (4) | GB526482A (en) |
NL (2) | NL204119A (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2858239A (en) * | 1956-03-13 | 1958-10-28 | Siemens Ag | Method for producing selenium rectifiers |
US3077386A (en) * | 1958-01-02 | 1963-02-12 | Xerox Corp | Process for treating selenium |
Families Citing this family (53)
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DE976574C (en) * | 1939-10-17 | 1963-11-21 | Standard Elek K Lorenz Ag | Process for the manufacture of dry rectifier plates |
US2449420A (en) * | 1942-03-28 | 1948-09-14 | Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co | Electrode system |
DE966415C (en) * | 1943-06-19 | 1957-08-01 | Siemens Ag | Selenium rectifier in column shape |
US2444430A (en) * | 1943-07-13 | 1948-07-06 | Fed Telephone & Radio Corp | Metal rectifier element |
US2419602A (en) * | 1943-08-14 | 1947-04-29 | Standard Telephones Cables Ltd | Rectifier and method of making the same |
BE475135A (en) * | 1943-10-26 | 1900-01-01 | ||
US2493643A (en) * | 1944-01-15 | 1950-01-03 | Int Standard Electric Corp | Metal rectifier of the selenium type |
GB570722A (en) * | 1944-01-15 | 1945-07-19 | Standard Telephones Cables Ltd | Improvements in or relating to metal rectifiers of the selenium type |
US2444255A (en) * | 1944-11-10 | 1948-06-29 | Gen Electric | Fabrication of rectifier cells |
US2517602A (en) * | 1945-01-17 | 1950-08-08 | Int Standard Electric Corp | Metal contact rectifier and photoelectric cell |
US2454846A (en) * | 1945-03-22 | 1948-11-30 | Standard Telephones Cables Ltd | Rectifier stack |
NL132958C (en) * | 1945-04-07 | 1900-01-01 | ||
US2482817A (en) * | 1945-05-17 | 1949-09-27 | Standard Telephones Cables Ltd | Rectifier |
US2539894A (en) * | 1947-07-18 | 1951-01-30 | Union Switch & Signal Co | Dry surface contact rectifier assembly |
DE975319C (en) * | 1947-09-20 | 1961-11-09 | Asea Ab | Dry rectifier plate |
US2647226A (en) * | 1947-09-20 | 1953-07-28 | Asea Ab | Dry rectifier valve plate |
US2680220A (en) * | 1950-06-09 | 1954-06-01 | Int Standard Electric Corp | Crystal diode and triode |
US2752542A (en) * | 1950-09-23 | 1956-06-26 | Siemens Ag | Dry-plate rectifier |
DE972120C (en) * | 1950-09-24 | 1959-05-27 | Siemens Ag | Process for the production of a selenium rectifier of the free-form design |
DE972128C (en) * | 1951-06-29 | 1959-05-27 | Siemens Ag | Arrangement for current consumption in dry rectifiers |
NL94441C (en) * | 1951-09-15 | |||
US2716207A (en) * | 1951-10-06 | 1955-08-23 | Fansteel Metallurgical Corp | Electrical apparatus |
DE1046192B (en) * | 1952-07-29 | 1958-12-11 | Licentia Gmbh | Dry rectifier plate |
DE976249C (en) * | 1952-08-18 | 1963-06-12 | Licentia Gmbh | Method of sticking a pick-up electrode |
DE1008415B (en) * | 1952-11-17 | 1957-05-16 | Siemens Ag | Process for the production of dry rectifier disks, especially for selenium rectifiers |
US2933661A (en) * | 1953-08-05 | 1960-04-19 | Fansteel Metallurgical Corp | Rectifier and method of making same |
US2853656A (en) * | 1953-08-07 | 1958-09-23 | Burroughs Corp | Printed circuit panel assembly |
US2981872A (en) * | 1953-08-20 | 1961-04-25 | Fansteel Metallurgical Corp | Selenium rectifier |
US2788474A (en) * | 1953-09-10 | 1957-04-09 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Rectifier assembly |
US2817797A (en) * | 1953-11-23 | 1957-12-24 | United Carr Fastener Corp | Rectifier |
DE1121734B (en) * | 1953-12-11 | 1962-01-11 | Siemens Ag | Dry rectifier element and method for its manufacture |
DE975284C (en) * | 1954-02-19 | 1961-11-02 | Licentia Gmbh | Selenium rectifier with a ring-shaped insulating piece applied to the selenium layer or to the carrier electrode |
DE977210C (en) * | 1955-03-29 | 1965-06-10 | Siemens Ag | Process for the production of dry rectifiers with an insulating layer which emits gas when heated at the points exposed to pressure |
DE1116828B (en) * | 1955-09-15 | 1961-11-09 | Standard Elektrik Lorenz Ag | Method for producing a dry rectifier, in particular selenium rectifier, in which an insulating layer is arranged over the selenium at the pressure-stressed points |
US3077421A (en) * | 1961-03-13 | 1963-02-12 | Gen Am Transport | Processes of producing tin-nickelphosphorus coatings |
GB937151A (en) * | 1961-03-14 | 1963-09-18 | Westinghouse Brake & Signal | Method of manufacturing selenium rectifiers and rectifiers manufactured thereby |
DE1141386B (en) * | 1961-04-26 | 1962-12-20 | Siemens Ag | Method for manufacturing a semiconductor device |
US3077285A (en) * | 1961-09-15 | 1963-02-12 | Gen Am Transport | Tin-nickel-phosphorus alloy coatings |
DE1209210B (en) * | 1961-10-31 | 1966-01-20 | Siemens Ag | Process for the production of selenium rectifier tablets with an active area which is small in relation to their total area |
DE1208822B (en) * | 1961-10-31 | 1966-01-13 | Siemens Ag | Process for the production of selenium rectifier tablets with an active area which is small in relation to their total area |
NL287468A (en) * | 1962-01-29 | |||
DE1185727B (en) * | 1962-03-15 | 1965-01-21 | Licentia Gmbh | Process for the manufacture of selenium rectifiers |
US3238426A (en) * | 1962-06-08 | 1966-03-01 | Gen Instrument Corp | Casing for series connected rectifier assembly |
DE1176282B (en) * | 1962-07-23 | 1964-08-20 | Ckd Modrany Narodni Podnik | Selenium rectifier |
US3361591A (en) * | 1964-04-15 | 1968-01-02 | Hughes Aircraft Co | Production of thin films of cadmium sulfide, cadmium telluride or cadmium selenide |
DE1279856B (en) * | 1965-07-13 | 1968-10-10 | Licentia Gmbh | Process for the production of selenium rectifiers with a small effective rectifier surface |
US3437479A (en) * | 1967-04-07 | 1969-04-08 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Contact materials for vacuum switches |
US3622712A (en) * | 1969-08-29 | 1971-11-23 | Rca Corp | Device employing selenium-semiconductor heterojunction |
US4518469A (en) * | 1984-08-31 | 1985-05-21 | At&T Technologies, Inc. | Method of making non-precious metal electrical contacts by electroplating |
US4566953A (en) * | 1984-12-24 | 1986-01-28 | At&T Technologies, Inc. | Pulse plating of nickel-antimony films |
US5501154A (en) * | 1993-07-06 | 1996-03-26 | Teledyne Industries, Inc. | Substantially lead-free tin alloy sheath material for explosive-pyrotechnic linear products |
US5333550A (en) * | 1993-07-06 | 1994-08-02 | Teledyne Mccormick Selph | Tin alloy sheath material for explosive-pyrotechnic linear products |
US20040055495A1 (en) * | 2002-04-23 | 2004-03-25 | Hannagan Harold W. | Tin alloy sheathed explosive device |
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GB482239A (en) * | 1935-06-22 | 1938-03-25 | British Thomson Houston Co Ltd | Improvements in and relating to dry plate rectifiers |
US2334554A (en) * | 1942-06-22 | 1943-11-16 | Gen Electric | Method of producing blocking layer devices |
US2453763A (en) * | 1945-07-07 | 1948-11-16 | Ruben Samuel | Selenium rectifier and process for making same |
FR949640A (en) * | 1946-04-19 | 1949-09-05 | Int Standard Electric Corp | Selenium current rectifiers and manufacturing processes |
GB629869A (en) * | 1946-12-26 | 1949-09-29 | British Thomson Houston Co Ltd | Improvements in and relating to selenium rectifiers and methods of making the same |
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US1869017A (en) * | 1928-05-04 | 1932-07-26 | Union Switch & Signal Co | Electrical rectifier |
DE561548C (en) * | 1929-11-10 | 1932-10-15 | Siemens Schuckertwerke Akt Ges | Plate-shaped dry rectifier element |
DE665416C (en) * | 1930-08-13 | 1938-09-24 | Erwin Falkenthal | Process for the production of a photocell which itself generates a voltage when exposed to light |
DE600410C (en) * | 1930-12-02 | 1934-07-26 | Siemens & Halske Akt Ges | Contact rectifier element |
GB440369A (en) * | 1934-06-29 | 1935-12-30 | Gen Electric Co Ltd | Improvements in dry plate rectifiers |
BE415725A (en) * | 1935-06-07 | 1900-01-01 | ||
DE658362C (en) * | 1935-12-24 | 1938-04-01 | Ernst Presser | Photoelectric cell with a semiconductor layer |
DE655648C (en) * | 1936-04-09 | 1938-01-20 | Ernst Presser | Method of manufacturing photosensitive cells of the layered type |
AT153134B (en) * | 1936-06-13 | 1938-04-11 | Aeg | Process for the manufacture of dry plate rectifiers. |
AT155712B (en) * | 1936-06-20 | 1939-03-10 | Aeg | Process for the production of semiconductor coatings. |
NL96218C (en) * | 1939-01-11 | |||
BE466860A (en) * | 1939-10-13 | |||
US2412692A (en) * | 1941-06-25 | 1946-12-17 | B L Electric Mfg Company | Method of forming selenium coated base plates |
GB556152A (en) * | 1942-03-17 | 1943-09-22 | Westinghouse Brake & Signal | Improvements relating to alternating electric current rectifiers of the selenium type |
US2356094A (en) * | 1943-02-11 | 1944-08-15 | Fed Telephone & Radio Corp | Method of treating selenium elements |
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GB577585A (en) * | 1944-03-02 | 1946-05-23 | Westinghouse Brake & Signal | Improvements relating to alternating electric current rectifiers of the selenium type |
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-
0
- BE BE511647D patent/BE511647A/xx unknown
- BE BE534381D patent/BE534381A/xx unknown
- BE BE509989D patent/BE509989A/xx unknown
- NL NL93669D patent/NL93669C/xx active
- NL NL204119D patent/NL204119A/xx unknown
- BE BE545512D patent/BE545512A/xx unknown
-
1939
- 1939-01-22 DE DE1939V0035594 patent/DE696361C/en not_active Expired
- 1939-03-17 GB GB8561/39A patent/GB526482A/en not_active Expired
-
1940
- 1940-02-23 US US320380A patent/US2314104A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1940-03-15 FR FR864102D patent/FR864102A/en not_active Expired
- 1940-03-17 DE DEI3369D patent/DE974772C/en not_active Expired
- 1940-03-20 CH CH224048D patent/CH224048A/en unknown
-
1951
- 1951-06-22 DE DES23645A patent/DE892193C/en not_active Expired
-
1952
- 1952-03-12 CH CH311961D patent/CH311961A/en unknown
- 1952-05-22 US US289351A patent/US2736672A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1952-05-23 FR FR62920D patent/FR62920E/en not_active Expired
- 1952-06-20 FR FR63144D patent/FR63144E/en not_active Expired
-
1953
- 1953-08-06 DE DES34699A patent/DE1015542B/en active Pending
-
1954
- 1954-02-19 US US411539A patent/US2867550A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1954-02-24 FR FR66041D patent/FR66041E/en not_active Expired
- 1954-02-27 CH CH326740D patent/CH326740A/en unknown
- 1954-07-30 GB GB22299/54A patent/GB752751A/en not_active Expired
- 1954-08-03 CH CH324876D patent/CH324876A/en unknown
- 1954-08-03 FR FR66772D patent/FR66772E/en not_active Expired
-
1955
- 1955-02-24 DE DEST9480A patent/DE1056746B/en active Pending
- 1955-11-17 CH CH343031D patent/CH343031A/en unknown
-
1956
- 1956-01-11 US US558423A patent/US2908592A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1956-02-17 GB GB5000/56A patent/GB796896A/en not_active Expired
- 1956-02-22 FR FR69423D patent/FR69423E/en not_active Expired
- 1956-05-11 FR FR69807D patent/FR69807E/en not_active Expired
- 1956-05-11 GB GB14705/56A patent/GB806661A/en not_active Expired
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GB482239A (en) * | 1935-06-22 | 1938-03-25 | British Thomson Houston Co Ltd | Improvements in and relating to dry plate rectifiers |
US2334554A (en) * | 1942-06-22 | 1943-11-16 | Gen Electric | Method of producing blocking layer devices |
FR945988A (en) * | 1942-06-22 | 1949-05-19 | Thomson Houston Comp Francaise | Manufacturing process of stop layers in dry straighteners |
US2453763A (en) * | 1945-07-07 | 1948-11-16 | Ruben Samuel | Selenium rectifier and process for making same |
FR949640A (en) * | 1946-04-19 | 1949-09-05 | Int Standard Electric Corp | Selenium current rectifiers and manufacturing processes |
GB629869A (en) * | 1946-12-26 | 1949-09-29 | British Thomson Houston Co Ltd | Improvements in and relating to selenium rectifiers and methods of making the same |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2858239A (en) * | 1956-03-13 | 1958-10-28 | Siemens Ag | Method for producing selenium rectifiers |
US3077386A (en) * | 1958-01-02 | 1963-02-12 | Xerox Corp | Process for treating selenium |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE696361C (en) | 1940-09-19 |
CH326740A (en) | 1957-12-31 |
FR864102A (en) | 1941-04-19 |
FR66772E (en) | 1957-08-19 |
GB526482A (en) | 1940-09-19 |
CH224048A (en) | 1942-10-31 |
GB796896A (en) | 1958-06-18 |
GB752751A (en) | 1956-07-11 |
GB806661A (en) | 1958-12-31 |
BE534381A (en) | |
BE545512A (en) | |
FR63144E (en) | 1955-08-24 |
CH343031A (en) | 1959-12-15 |
DE892193C (en) | 1953-10-05 |
FR62920E (en) | 1955-06-30 |
DE974772C (en) | 1961-04-20 |
CH324876A (en) | 1957-10-15 |
BE511647A (en) | |
FR69423E (en) | 1958-11-06 |
DE1056746B (en) | 1959-05-06 |
FR69807E (en) | 1958-12-30 |
NL93669C (en) | |
BE509989A (en) | |
FR66041E (en) | 1956-04-24 |
US2867550A (en) | 1959-01-06 |
US2314104A (en) | 1943-03-16 |
NL204119A (en) | |
DE1015542B (en) | 1957-09-12 |
CH311961A (en) | 1955-12-15 |
US2908592A (en) | 1959-10-13 |
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