US2690002A - Method of making hollow sheet metal fabrications having a plurality of interconnected passageways - Google Patents

Method of making hollow sheet metal fabrications having a plurality of interconnected passageways Download PDF

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Publication number
US2690002A
US2690002A US128116A US12811649A US2690002A US 2690002 A US2690002 A US 2690002A US 128116 A US128116 A US 128116A US 12811649 A US12811649 A US 12811649A US 2690002 A US2690002 A US 2690002A
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United States
Prior art keywords
sheet
metal
separation material
sheets
pattern
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Expired - Lifetime
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US128116A
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English (en)
Inventor
Leland H Grenell
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Olin Industries Inc
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Olin Industries Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE530803D priority Critical patent/BE530803A/xx
Application filed by Olin Industries Inc filed Critical Olin Industries Inc
Priority to US128116A priority patent/US2690002A/en
Priority to CH341848D priority patent/CH341848A/de
Priority to DEO3739A priority patent/DE1110119B/de
Priority to US452910A priority patent/US3053514A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2690002A publication Critical patent/US2690002A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/12—Elements constructed in the shape of a hollow panel, e.g. with channels
    • F28F3/14—Elements constructed in the shape of a hollow panel, e.g. with channels by separating portions of a pair of joined sheets to form channels, e.g. by inflation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
    • B21D53/02—Making other particular articles heat exchangers or parts thereof, e.g. radiators, condensers fins, headers
    • B21D53/04—Making other particular articles heat exchangers or parts thereof, e.g. radiators, condensers fins, headers of sheet metal
    • B21D53/045—Making other particular articles heat exchangers or parts thereof, e.g. radiators, condensers fins, headers of sheet metal by inflating partially united plates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4935—Heat exchanger or boiler making
    • Y10T29/49366—Sheet joined to sheet
    • Y10T29/49369—Utilizing bond inhibiting material
    • Y10T29/49371—Utilizing bond inhibiting material with subsequent fluid expansion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49805—Shaping by direct application of fluent pressure

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the manufacture of sheet metal fabrications and in particular to structural members, heat exchangers, fluid containers, and the like made of sheet metal and to a method of making the same.
  • Structural members for some uses must have at least one flat or smooth surface, for instance, when used as airplane fuselage, wing, or tail surfaces, box car walls, and the like, and it has been customary to utilize two metal sheets face to face, one flat and one indented, riveted, spotwelded, or brazed together.
  • the ribs or bulges of the indented sheet strengthen and stiffen the flat sheet and thereby reinforce the member.
  • such heat exchange devices in general are composed of a plurality of tubes or chambers adapted to serve as a conduit for the fluid of the heat exchange system and have been constructed heretofore of relatively thin gauge sheet metal by a method which involves indenting channels or grooves in the metal sheeting in a pattern designed to provide after assembly interconnecting passageways. Two of the sheets are then arranged face to face in superposed relation and joined together by brazing or spotwelding along predetermined lines to provide the desired fluid passageways between the sheets.
  • Another method for making heat exchange devices disclosed in U. S.
  • Patent 1,779,911 issued to Litie, October 28, 1930, consists briefly in superposing two sheets of metal, sealing the edges of the sheets by welding, joining the inner faces of the sheets at spaced intervals by spot-welding, and then introducing fluid pressure through a hole in one of the sheets to expand and separate the sheets between the spot-welds.
  • brazing, riveting and spot-welding methods utilized in producing such fabrications have attendant disadvantages.
  • the brazing, riveting and spot-welding methods utilized in producing such fabrications have attendant disadvantages.
  • the brazing, riveting and spot-welding methods utilized in producing such fabrications have attendant disadvantages.
  • the brazing, riveting and spot-welding methods utilized in producing such fabrications have attendant disadvantages.
  • the brazing, riveting and spot-welding methods utilized in producing such fabrications have attendant disadvantages.
  • the brazing, riveting and spot-welding methods utilized in producing such fabrications have attendant disadvantages.
  • the brazing, riveting and spot-welding methods utilized in producing such fabrications have attendant disadvantages.
  • the brazing, riveting and spot-welding methods utilized in producing such fabrications have attendant disadvantages.
  • the brazing, riveting and spot-welding methods utilized in producing such fabrications have attendant disadvantages.
  • the brazing, riveting and spot-welding methods utilized in producing such fabrications have attendant
  • a further object is to provide a low cost method of forming relatively strong structural members, fluid containers, and other such devices from metal sheeting.
  • a still further object is to provide a relatively low cost, light weight, strong sheet metal structural member.
  • the diameter, length, and positioning of the cavities formed within the sheet by the fluid pressure and the resulting bulges or ribs on the surface depend mainly upon the pattern dimensions and design in which the separation material is originally applied and complex and intricately shaped reinforcing ribs or conduits are thus readily formed by applying the desired pattern. No voids exist between adjacent passageways or ribs, since the metal of the sheets intermediate the passageways are forged or pressure welded into one layer of metal of substantially uniform composition.
  • Figure l is a plan view illustrating a sheet of metal coated with a pattern of separation material
  • Figure 2 is a plan View illustrating a sheet of metal to be superposed on the coated sheet of Figure 1
  • Figure 3 is an end view illustrating the metal sheets of Figures 1 and 2 after assembly
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view illustrating the assembly of Figure 3 after hot rolling
  • Figure 5 is an enlarged sectional View illustrating the metal sheet at BB of Figure 4,
  • Figure 6 is a plan view illustrating reinforced metal sheeting suitable for use as a heat exchanger
  • Figure 7 is a sectional view taken at AA in Figure 6,
  • Figure 8 is a sectional view illustrating another embodiment, in which the sheet has ribs only on one surface
  • Figure 9 is a sectional view illustrating a metal sheet held in a die
  • Figure 10 is a sectional view illustrating a sheet formed in accordance with this invention.
  • Figure 11 is a plan view illustrating another embodiment, in which the ribs are on one surface of the sheet in one area and on the opposite surface in another area, and
  • Figure 12 is a cross-sectional view of the sheet of Figure 11.
  • sheets 1 and 2 of metal are first degreased by immersion in an organic solvent bath, such as naphtha or white gasoline, at room temperature and then wiped free of solvent.
  • the sheets are then cleaned in an acid bath containing approximately 1 part by volume of 68% nitric acid, 1 part by volume of 95% sulphuric acid, and 1 part by volume of water at room temperature. :Such treatment is designed to remove any oxide film on the metal.
  • the sheets are then rinsed thoroughly in cold water and subsequently in hot water, and air dried at room temperature. The clean surface of the sheet is desirable in order to secure good bonding in the subsequent hot rolling operation.
  • Such separation material may be sprayed through a masking die, painted through a stencil, squeezed through a silk screen, or applied in any other suitable manner. For instance, if the separation material 3 is to be applied through a silk screen to the selected area, graphite in the ratio of about three to four kilograms to three liters of water glass solution is satisfactory. A thinner more fluid mixture is, of
  • the separation material is to be applied by painting or spraying on the selected areas.
  • the elongation of the metal during subsequent rolling must be allowed for in the shape and dimension of the pattern of separation material originally applied to the sheet.
  • the strip and pattern is lengthened in the direction of rolling in substantially inverse proportion to the change in thickness of the assembly.
  • Pattern lines I0 and ii that run perpendicular to the direction of rolling are, therefore, increased in width, as indicated at [2 and I3, in substantially inverse proportion to the change in thickness of the assembly.
  • Pattern lines 3 that run in the direction of rolling are not changed appreciably in width as indicated at 6, Figure 6.
  • the pattern lines running perpendicular to the direction of rolling must be made only about onehalf inch wide.
  • the thickness of the layer of separation material decreases in direct proportion with the decrease in thickness of the assembly during rolling due to the spreading or elongation of the material during the rolling operation.
  • the thickness of the layer of separation material after rolling should be sufficient to prevent bonding of the metal except where such bonding is desired.
  • the sheet 2 is placed on sheet I with the separation material 25 between them, Figure 3. If sheet 2 is permitted to move freely in frictional contact with the separation material on sheet I prior to the subsequent hot roll operation, the pattern is likely to be damaged or distorted so that the desired conduit system will not be obtained.
  • the sheets are therefore fastened together to avoid obliteration of the pattern, by any suitable means, such as hell-arc welding the edges, tacking the edges together by spot-welding, or by crimping the edges, or the like.
  • the assembly is then placed in a furnace and heated to about 900 C.
  • the edges of the assembly may be completely sealed as by welding or the like, or an inert or reducing atmosphere may be employed in the furnace if desired.
  • the temperature of 900 C. is about (3. below the melting point of the alloy and is sufiiciently high to effect pressure welding of the two sheets of metal in the hot rolling step to be described hereinafter.
  • the exact temperature to be used for pressure welding is, of course, dependent upon the melting point of the particular metal or alloy utilized and should be relatively close thereto.
  • each sheet of the metal, i and 2 is 0.070 inch thick and the layer of separation material 3 is only about 0.002 to 0.005 inch thick
  • the assembly, Figure 3 is about 0.14 inch thick.
  • the assembly has reached a temperature of about 900 C. it is hot rolled in one to a thickness of about 0.070 inch and is then cleaned with acid, washed and dried as described in the foregoing treament of sheets i and 2. It is desirable to hot roll to a reduction of thickness of at least 35% in order to insure welding of the sheets, and a reduction of approximately 50% in one pass is preferable as is described in the foregoing.
  • the welded sheet is then cold rolled to a finish gauge of about 0.048 inch thickness, is
  • the cold rolling step is carried out in order to accurately control the thinness of the sheet. If sufficient accuracy in gauge for the particular use can be obtained by hot rolling, the entire reduction can be carried out by hot rolling, and the cold rolling and annealing treatments referred to in the foregoing may be omitted.
  • the strength of the sheet formed by the hot rolling step is appreciably greater than that of the cast structure obtained with spot-Welding techniques.
  • the cast structure formed by spot-welding contains appreciably larger grains than the sheet prior to such welding, Whereas the sheet formed by the hot rolling step has a grain size substantially uniform throughout the sheet.
  • the amount of fluid pressure necessary will vary with the gauge, temper, and composition of the metal used.
  • the sheet Qprior to application of the pressure may be placed in a die whose faces are recessed in accordance with the desired conduit pattern.
  • the conduit Walls 0, l2, and 13 within the die are reduced in thickness about 0.001 to 0.002 inch from the original thickness of about 0.024 inch on each side of the separation material prior to application of the fluid pressure, and appear as bulges on the surfaces of the sheet.
  • the cavity walls are thus strengthened by the work-hardening effected by expansion of the metal.
  • the metal When no die is used, the metal expands with little or no thinning of the cavity wall and the cavity is formed upon applying the fluid pressure merely by further separation or opening up of the metal. in the separation material areas with a resultant decrease of sheet length or width, or both, depending on the design and dimensionof the cavities.
  • the sheet may be so held in a die, during application of the fluid pressure,
  • the heat exchange device in a shape other than a relatively flat sheet, for instance, a U-shaped device may be desired, such as is used to partially surround the ice cube or freezing compartment of a refrigerator.
  • a U-shaped device such as is used to partially surround the ice cube or freezing compartment of a refrigerator.
  • the sheet 9 can be bent into the desired shape either before or after the fluid pressure has been applied to form the conduit within the sheet. If the bending is done after the conduits have been formed, the conduit pattern should be so designed as to permit such bending and care should be observed 6.. in such deforming operations to avoid closing off desired passageways.
  • a hole such as illustrated at 8, Figure 6, may be drilled into the conduit and a copper tube partially inserted therein and silver soldered or brazed thereto which copper tube may then serve along with copper tube 7 to provide an entrance and exit for the heat exchange medium.
  • the conduit 6, i2, and it, Figure 6, corresponds substantially to the pattern of separation material 3, Figure 1.
  • the bulges formed by the cavities all on one side of the sheet instead of on both surfaces.
  • An embodiment illustrating such construction is shown in section in Figure 8, in which the conduit 5: and 52 forms bulges on only the top surface of the sheet.
  • Such construction which is well adapted for structural members having a flat or smooth face, can be obtained, for instance, if one sheet is sufficiently thicker than the other that all expansion occurs on the thin sheet surface when the fluid pressure is applied.
  • the bottom sheet I utilized may be ten times as thick as the sheet 2 and the pattern applied, the sheets assembled and hot rolled until pressure welded, and the fluid pressure applied, etc., as described in the foregoing embodiment, the final thickness of the device being greater, of course, due to the greater thickness of the bottom sheet.
  • Such construction may also be obtained by inserting the rolled sheet 9 containing the separation material 3 in a die having one face recessed to conform to the conduit pattern and the other face unrecessed. Upon applying fluid pressure on the unwelded inner surfaces of sheet 9 one surface of the sheet is prevented from expanding by the unrecessed face of the die, whereas the other surface of the sheet expands into the recesses in the other face of the die.
  • a semicircular bulge or rib may not be as desirable as some other shape.
  • the contour of the expanded surface may be controlled by providing the recesses in the die face with the desired contour.
  • Figure 9 illustrates an embodiment for forming an angular contour instead of the semicircular contour shown for the ribs in Figure 8.
  • the unexpanded sheet 9 containing separation material 3 is held between the unrecessed die plate I! and the die plate I6 having angular shaped recesses It in its inner face positioned over the separation material 3 within the sheet 9.
  • the surface of the sheet expands forming angular contoured ribs l9, Figure 10.
  • FIG. 11 and 12 Such an embodiment is illustrated in Figures 11 and 12, where it may be seen that the conduit is formed by expansion of the top surface towards the ends of the sheet, and by expansion of the bottom surface near the center of the sheet.
  • the conduit is formed by expansion of the top surface towards the ends of the sheet, and by expansion of the bottom surface near the center of the sheet.
  • Such construction is accomplished by inserting the sheet '9 in a die whose faces are recessed in accordance with the pattern to permit the desired expansion of the top surface near the ends of the sheet 9 forming bulge l4 and of the bottom surface at the center forming bulge IS.
  • the conduit thus above the plane of the sheet at the end portions and below the plane of the sheet at the center portion.
  • the sheet is to be shaped, for instance into a U-shape to fit about the ice-cube compartment of a refrigerator, it may be highly desirable to permit bulging of only one surface in various areas of the sheet in accordance with the practice illustrated in the foregoing.
  • the pressure weld is accomplished by hot rolling the assembly in accordance with the preferred practice set forth herein, it is to be understood that some metal sheeting may be pressure welded merely by applying sumcient pressure at room temperature and that such pressure welding technique may be utilized in accordance with this invention. Regardless, however, of the intermediate processing used, it is necessary that the metal of the sheets be suitably joined to form one substantially uniform layer at all superposed points not held apart by the separation material prior to application of the fluid pressure.
  • the process is well suited for continuous operation.
  • the patterns of the separation material may be applied successively to the surface of a strip of metal being unwound from a coil, a second strip of metal being unwound from another coil may be superposed on the pattern-coated strip, and the strips then tacked together by spot-welding, edge crimping, or the like and fed continuously through a heating furnace and hot rolling mill. After the rolling and other such processing has been completed, the pressure welded strip containing the separation material is then expanded by applying fluid pressure as described above to the internal metal surfaces coated with separation material.
  • any suitable separation material may be employed, its chief function being to prevent bond-- ing of the coated surfaces during the welding operation.
  • suitable separation material such as zinc oxide, k-ieselguhr or other diatomaceous earths, flint, talc, powdered quartz, clays, and the like and mixtures thereof with each other and with graphite and water glass or the like.
  • the separation material used must, of course, be so compounded as to flow or elongate with the metal and retain uniformly sufficient thickness to prevent bonding where not desired.
  • the process of this invention is applicable to other metal sheeting, for example, aluminum, magnesium, steel, and the like adapted to be pressure welded.
  • the process of this invention permits the fabrication of a sheet of metal provided with internal ducts or internal passageways of substantially any desired design or pattern, which oavitied sheet of metal with appropriate conduit pattern is adapted for use as a lower cost, more efficient heat exchange device than is obtainable with prior processes.
  • Relatively thick low cost sheet stock may be employed since the desired cavity wall thinness is obtained by the thinning action resulting from the pressure welding step and the thinning of the metal in the immediate area upon which the fluid pressure is applied.
  • rolling of the assembly is such as to reduce the thickness thereof by at least 50%.
  • interconnected passageway portions of the separation material include at least one elongated area and a plurality of transversely-extending areas.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Metal Rolling (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
US128116A 1949-11-18 1949-11-18 Method of making hollow sheet metal fabrications having a plurality of interconnected passageways Expired - Lifetime US2690002A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE530803D BE530803A (de) 1949-11-18
US128116A US2690002A (en) 1949-11-18 1949-11-18 Method of making hollow sheet metal fabrications having a plurality of interconnected passageways
CH341848D CH341848A (de) 1949-11-18 1954-07-21 Blechkörper, insbesondere für Wärmeaustauscher, und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
DEO3739A DE1110119B (de) 1949-11-18 1954-07-30 Verfahren zum Herstellen von hohlen Blechkoerpern
US452910A US3053514A (en) 1949-11-18 1954-08-30 Sheet metal fabrications

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US128116A US2690002A (en) 1949-11-18 1949-11-18 Method of making hollow sheet metal fabrications having a plurality of interconnected passageways
DEO3739A DE1110119B (de) 1949-11-18 1954-07-30 Verfahren zum Herstellen von hohlen Blechkoerpern

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DE (1) DE1110119B (de)

Cited By (151)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2754572A (en) * 1954-07-14 1956-07-17 Olin Mathieson Method of making roll welded hollow sheet metal structure
US2759247A (en) * 1950-07-21 1956-08-21 Olin Mathieson Method of making heat exchangers
US2759246A (en) * 1954-12-08 1956-08-21 Olin Mathieson Method of making hollow articles
US2772180A (en) * 1952-06-28 1956-11-27 Olin Mathieson Parting compositions in metal manufacturing
US2779168A (en) * 1955-09-08 1957-01-29 Gen Motors Corp Refrigerating apparatus
US2779086A (en) * 1954-12-09 1957-01-29 Metal Specialty Company Method of making a hollow metal structure
US2781645A (en) * 1952-09-17 1957-02-19 Gen Motors Corp Heat exchanger
US2822151A (en) * 1954-10-22 1958-02-04 Olin Mathieson Connection for plate heat exchanger
US2833527A (en) * 1955-06-06 1958-05-06 Fluor Corp Liquid and gas contacting columns and their tray structures
US2835025A (en) * 1958-05-20 Sheet-metal making
US2838961A (en) * 1954-01-20 1958-06-17 John E Dalgleish Method of making dies
DE1032645B (de) * 1955-08-26 1958-06-19 Ver Deutsche Metallwerke Ag Abdeckmittel und Verfahren zu seiner Anwendung beim zonenweisen Walzplattieren
US2845695A (en) * 1953-05-21 1958-08-05 Gen Motors Corp Method of making refrigerating tubing
US2856164A (en) * 1955-06-16 1958-10-14 Olin Mathieson Heat exchanger
US2857660A (en) * 1955-12-09 1958-10-28 Reynolds Metals Co Method of expanding pressure welded passageway panels to precise volume
US2863303A (en) * 1954-12-07 1958-12-09 Gen Motors Corp Refrigerating apparatus
US2866429A (en) * 1955-12-09 1958-12-30 Reynolds Metals Co Semi-automatic apparatus for expanding a pressure welded passageway panel
US2894731A (en) * 1955-07-18 1959-07-14 Gen Motors Corp Refrigerating apparatus
US2896312A (en) * 1955-02-25 1959-07-28 Gen Motors Corp Refrigerating apparatus
US2898747A (en) * 1958-01-07 1959-08-11 Ind Patent Corp Self-refrigerating container
US2906006A (en) * 1954-02-24 1959-09-29 Olin Mathieson Method of making a sheet metal article
US2915296A (en) * 1955-04-07 1959-12-01 Olin Mathieson Heat exchanger
US2920380A (en) * 1957-08-29 1960-01-12 Olin Mathieson Method of making plate-type heat exchanger
US2920377A (en) * 1956-10-12 1960-01-12 Gen Electric Evaporator structure and method of manufacture
US2922344A (en) * 1953-10-13 1960-01-26 Olin Mathieson Landing mat
US2924437A (en) * 1955-03-21 1960-02-09 Olin Mathieson Heat exchanger
US2926003A (en) * 1955-05-04 1960-02-23 Olin Mathieson Heat exchanger
US2933905A (en) * 1957-07-09 1960-04-26 Gen Motors Corp Refrigerating apparatus
US2933806A (en) * 1957-02-05 1960-04-26 Olin Mathieson Hollow articles
US2941280A (en) * 1955-10-03 1960-06-21 Olin Mathieson Sheet metal fabrication
US2944328A (en) * 1954-07-16 1960-07-12 Olin Mathieson Method of making heat exchanger
US2948053A (en) * 1956-03-23 1960-08-09 Philco Corp Method of manufacturing refrigerating apparatus
US2950512A (en) * 1957-04-02 1960-08-30 Revere Copper & Brass Inc Casting apparatus and method
US2957234A (en) * 1957-03-12 1960-10-25 Emery I Valyi Method of making pressure vessel
US2957679A (en) * 1955-06-02 1960-10-25 Olin Mathieson Heat exchanger
US2957230A (en) * 1955-08-01 1960-10-25 Olin Mathieson Method of making plate or sheet metal articles having hollow sections
US2958934A (en) * 1952-08-05 1960-11-08 Gen Motors Corp Method of making refrigerating apparatus
US2966730A (en) * 1958-01-29 1961-01-03 Reynolds Metals Co Method of and apparatus for expanding passageway panels on one side
US2966729A (en) * 1956-05-31 1961-01-03 Reynolds Metals Co Method for accomplishing one side expansion in pressure welded passageway panels
DE1104917B (de) * 1954-12-09 1961-04-20 Perry J Rieppel Verfahren zur Herstellung von Hohlkoerpern durch Blaehen geschichteter Metallteile
US2982012A (en) * 1955-07-21 1961-05-02 Revere Copper & Brass Inc Strip material having expansible slits
US2983994A (en) * 1955-08-01 1961-05-16 Olin Mathieson Metal articles having hollow sections and method of making same
US2987810A (en) * 1954-12-08 1961-06-13 Olin Mathieson Metal working
US2989383A (en) * 1958-02-14 1961-06-20 Fluor Corp Solid adsorber
US2991047A (en) * 1957-07-26 1961-07-04 Borg Warner Heat exchanger
US2991543A (en) * 1954-10-22 1961-07-11 Olin Mathieson Connection
US2992545A (en) * 1959-05-27 1961-07-18 Gen Motors Corp Refrigerating apparatus
US2993263A (en) * 1958-01-20 1961-07-25 Reynolds Metals Co Method of expanding pressure welded passageway panels
DE1111911B (de) * 1958-06-24 1961-07-27 Phoenix Rheinrohr Ag Silikathaltiges Trennmittel in Plattierpaketen
US2994946A (en) * 1956-02-27 1961-08-08 Reynolds Metals Co Deep drawn heat exchanger
US2995807A (en) * 1957-11-29 1961-08-15 Revere Copper & Brass Inc Heat exchangers and methods of making the same
US2999306A (en) * 1956-11-19 1961-09-12 Reynolds Metals Co Hot pressure welded honeycomb passageway panels and like structures
US3003228A (en) * 1955-05-26 1961-10-10 Reynolds Metals Co Method and apparatus for expansion of unbonded areas in composite plates
US3004329A (en) * 1956-08-23 1961-10-17 Rudy Mfg Company Heat exchanger and method of construction
US3004330A (en) * 1957-05-23 1961-10-17 Revere Copper & Brass Inc Tubes for structural and fluid conducting purposes, and methods of making the same
DE1117527B (de) * 1955-12-01 1961-11-23 Reynolds Metals Co Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Aufblaehen von durch oertlich begrenzte Pressschweissung gebildeten Hohlblechtafeln zu Hohlkoerpern zwischen nachgiebigen Gegenlagern
US3010202A (en) * 1958-03-10 1961-11-28 Calumet & Hecla Method of forming thin metal panels having bifurcated edges
US3012758A (en) * 1957-01-23 1961-12-12 Jr George A Lyon Radiator structure
US3012309A (en) * 1956-05-18 1961-12-12 Olin Mathieson Fabrication of hollow articles
DE1121013B (de) * 1956-12-12 1962-01-04 Reynolds Metals Co Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Hohlzellenkonstruktionen
US3015878A (en) * 1956-07-27 1962-01-09 Reynolds Metals Co Differential expansion of pressure welded passageway panel
US3020633A (en) * 1959-04-24 1962-02-13 Olin Mathieson Fabrication of hollow articles
US3034204A (en) * 1956-03-20 1962-05-15 Olin Mathieson Heat exchanger
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US3166829A (en) * 1956-05-28 1965-01-26 Jerome H Lemelson Ducted sheeting construction
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US2999306A (en) * 1956-11-19 1961-09-12 Reynolds Metals Co Hot pressure welded honeycomb passageway panels and like structures
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