US2452532A - High dielectric material - Google Patents

High dielectric material Download PDF

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Publication number
US2452532A
US2452532A US508744A US50874443A US2452532A US 2452532 A US2452532 A US 2452532A US 508744 A US508744 A US 508744A US 50874443 A US50874443 A US 50874443A US 2452532 A US2452532 A US 2452532A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
dielectric
temperature
alkaline earth
stannate
barium
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US508744A
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English (en)
Inventor
Wainer Eugene
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tam Ceramics LLC
Original Assignee
Titanium Alloy Manufacturing Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL65781D priority Critical patent/NL65781C/xx
Application filed by Titanium Alloy Manufacturing Co filed Critical Titanium Alloy Manufacturing Co
Priority to US508744A priority patent/US2452532A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2452532A publication Critical patent/US2452532A/en
Priority to DEN3638A priority patent/DE916189C/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/46—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates
    • C04B35/462—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates
    • C04B35/465—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates based on alkaline earth metal titanates
    • C04B35/468—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates based on alkaline earth metal titanates based on barium titanates
    • C04B35/4682—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates based on alkaline earth metal titanates based on barium titanates based on BaTiO3 perovskite phase

Definitions

  • This invention relates to ceramic dielectric materials, More particularly, it relates to such materials in which compounds of titanium are the predominating constituent used in combination with compounds of zirconium and tin.
  • the present invention relates to another group of bodies prepared by compounding titanates ceramically with zirconates and stannates whose usefulness is equally widespread.
  • This novel group of ceramic compositions have properties such as to make them useful as capacitors in radio, television, and communications generally, as capacitative temperature compensating devices in receivers and communication equipment to prevent distortions due to changes in circuit characteristics caused by temperature changes.
  • the dielectric constants of some of these compositions are so high as to make possible their utilization in low frequency distribution and communication systems such as 60 cycle lines, by means of capacitative coupling between a low frequency high tension transmission line and communication telephone lines. Further, these high constants enable those materials to be used as substitutes for high capacity paper and electrolytic type condensers for by-pass, filter, and power circuits, for use in radio, fluorescent lighting circuits, etc.
  • the very high dielectric constants make possible the use of these materials as electro-mechanical devices, for example, the transfer of mechanical energy or motion into electrical energy or vice versa, in a fashion similar to the action exhibited by piezoelectric crystals.
  • the novel compositions of .the present invention have possible utility in pyroelectricity, supersonics, crystal or condenser microph'oneairequency stabilizers, loud speakers, phonograph pick ups, telephone design, and oscillator designs generally.
  • the foregoing remarks apply particularly to those bodies whose dielectric constants are over 1000 at radio frequency.
  • condenser microphones very thin sheets of the higher dielectric constant materials are rigidly clamped at either center or edges and used as vibrating diaphragms. The minute changes of dimension or position of the dielectric due to vibration will occasion relatively large changes 'in capacity by means of which sound is transformed .into electrical energy.
  • novel compositions consist broadly of fired mixtures of the titanates ofthe alkaline earths, particularly barium titanates, with the zirconates and stannates of the alkaline earths.
  • the alkaline earth compounds generally are of utility for this invention, including those of magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium.
  • the ingredients as indicated in the table below are properly reacted ceramically and then ground so that the coarsest particles will pass a 325 mesh screen.
  • the dried powders are then mixed within the limits indicated by the proportions given in the table. Approximately 10% water is added and thoroughly mixed in the damp powder, granulated by passage through a 20 mesh screen. They are then pressed in a die under a pressure of 5 to 10 tons per square inch, and then allowed to air dry for 24 hours.
  • the pieces used for the purposes of this specification are roughly 1 inch in diameter and 0.1 inch thick. Pieces of such size are flred on a schedule of 400 F. per hour to the peak temperature, then held at peak temperature for three hours, and then allowed to cool.
  • the maturation temperature for all the bodies listed below is between 2450 F. and 25110 F. After cooling, the opposing parallel surfaces are painted with silver powder paste which is fixed as a silver electrode by firing to 1500 F.
  • the stanna-tes, titanates and zirconates oi the alkaline earth metals including magnesium can be combined ceramically to provide useful dielectric materials wherein the dielectric contains two or more of these chemicals. All of these substances have the same crystal lattice structure as the calcium titanate mineral perovskite, namely, a face centered body centered cube.
  • the invention is, therefore, directed to ceramic mixture of two or more substances having the perovskite structure.
  • a dielectric composition comprising an alkaline earth titanate, an alkaline earth stannate and and an alkaline earth zirconate.
  • a dielectric composition comprising an alkaline earth 'tit-anate, an alkaline earth stannate and tained at one megacycle. magnesium zirconate.
  • titanate, stannate, zircona-te compositions are as follows, the relatively low stannate-magnesium zirconate adline earth titanate, barium stannate and magnesium zirconate.
  • a dielectric composition comprising barium titanate, barium stannate and magnesium zirconate.
  • a dielectric composition comprising barium titanate in major amount and an alkaline earth 5 stannate and an alkaline earth zirconate in minor amount.
  • a dielectric composition comprising barium titanate in major amount and barium stannate and an alkaline earth zirconate in minor amount.
  • a dielectric composition comprising barium titanate in major amount and barium stannate and magnesium zirconate in minor amount.
  • a dielectric composition comprising the titanate, stannate and zirconate of barium.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Insulating Materials (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
US508744A 1943-11-02 1943-11-02 High dielectric material Expired - Lifetime US2452532A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL65781D NL65781C (xx) 1943-11-02
US508744A US2452532A (en) 1943-11-02 1943-11-02 High dielectric material
DEN3638A DE916189C (de) 1943-11-02 1951-03-17 Koerper hoher Dielektrizitaetskonstante

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US508744A US2452532A (en) 1943-11-02 1943-11-02 High dielectric material

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2452532A true US2452532A (en) 1948-10-26

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Family Applications (1)

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US508744A Expired - Lifetime US2452532A (en) 1943-11-02 1943-11-02 High dielectric material

Country Status (3)

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US (1) US2452532A (xx)
DE (1) DE916189C (xx)
NL (1) NL65781C (xx)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2658833A (en) * 1952-06-03 1953-11-10 Metal & Thermit Corp Bismuth stannate and compositions employing same
US2695239A (en) * 1951-02-28 1954-11-23 Erie Resistor Corp Barium titanate capacitors
US2727170A (en) * 1951-11-01 1955-12-13 Rca Corp Ceramic mosaic for camera pick-up tube
US2769867A (en) * 1947-02-07 1956-11-06 Sonotone Corp Dielectrostrictive signal and energy transducers
US2824794A (en) * 1954-05-18 1958-02-25 Nat Lead Co Process for fusion of high-melting metals
US2836501A (en) * 1955-11-04 1958-05-27 Electric Machinery Mfg Co Electrostrictive ceramic materials
US2955946A (en) * 1957-02-21 1960-10-11 Soyck Werner Dielectric containing barium metatitanate
DE976584C (de) * 1951-11-15 1963-12-05 Siemens Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Perowskitstruktur besitzenden Dielektrikums fuer elektrische Kondensatoren oder elektrostriktive Schwinger und Kondensator mit diesem Dielektrikum
DE1174674B (de) * 1958-09-15 1964-07-23 Gen Electric Dielektrikum mit ferroelektrischen Eigenschaften
DE977625C (de) * 1949-12-09 1967-09-21 Philips Nv Kondensator mit einem keramischen Dielektrikum und Verfahren zur Herstellung dieses keramischen Dielektrikums
US3359133A (en) * 1964-04-06 1967-12-19 American Lava Corp Ceramic dielectrics
US3968412A (en) * 1973-07-27 1976-07-06 General Electric Company Thick film capacitor
US4086649A (en) * 1974-12-26 1978-04-25 Union Carbide Corporation Ceramic capacitor made from firing small barium titanate particles
WO1993011548A1 (en) * 1991-12-02 1993-06-10 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation Ceramic dielectric materials for high energy storage capacitors

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1113407B (de) * 1956-05-30 1961-08-31 Plessey Co Ltd Verfahren zur Herstellung eines keramischen, dielektrischen Materials

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB190712583A (en) * 1907-05-30 1908-06-30 Harold Williamson Lake Improvements relating to the Manufacture of Enamel.
GB458078A (en) * 1934-06-05 1936-12-07 Steatit Magnesia Ag Improvements relating to insulating parts or members in electrical apparatus
US2069903A (en) * 1934-12-14 1937-02-09 Soyck Werner Insulating material having a high dielectric constant and a process of producing same
US2071452A (en) * 1934-09-04 1937-02-23 Bloch Walter Low dielectric loss ceramic product and method of making
US2098812A (en) * 1934-07-31 1937-11-09 Gen Electric Ceramic material
FR840712A (fr) * 1937-07-16 1939-05-03 Fides Gmbh Procédé de fabrication de produits céramiques de haute qualité diélectrique
US2165819A (en) * 1934-06-05 1939-07-11 Steatit Magnesia Ag Electric insulator and method of making same
DE680204C (de) * 1936-01-07 1939-08-24 Steatit Magnesia Akt Ges Verfahren zur Herstellung keramischer Kondensatordielektriken

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL49185C (xx) * 1900-01-01
DE738104C (de) * 1934-10-21 1943-08-03 Franz Skaupy Dr Dielektrikum fuer elektrische Kondensatoren
DE723426C (de) * 1935-03-03 1942-08-06 Steatit Magnesia Ag Elektrischer Isolierkoerper aus einem dicht gesinterten Gemisch von Titandioxyd, Zirkondioxyd und erdalkalischen Flussmitteln
DE700212C (de) * 1936-10-09 1940-12-16 Rosenthal Isolatoren G M B H Verfahren zur Herstellung titanoxydhaltiger Massen fuer keramische Zwecke
FR816900A (fr) * 1937-01-26 1937-08-19 Perfectionnements apportés aux matières céramiques
US2277733A (en) * 1939-04-27 1942-03-31 Titanium Alloy Mfg Co Dielectric material and method of making the same
US2277734A (en) * 1939-07-04 1942-03-31 Titanium Alloy Mfg Co Dielectric material and method of making the same

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB190712583A (en) * 1907-05-30 1908-06-30 Harold Williamson Lake Improvements relating to the Manufacture of Enamel.
GB458078A (en) * 1934-06-05 1936-12-07 Steatit Magnesia Ag Improvements relating to insulating parts or members in electrical apparatus
US2165819A (en) * 1934-06-05 1939-07-11 Steatit Magnesia Ag Electric insulator and method of making same
US2098812A (en) * 1934-07-31 1937-11-09 Gen Electric Ceramic material
US2071452A (en) * 1934-09-04 1937-02-23 Bloch Walter Low dielectric loss ceramic product and method of making
US2069903A (en) * 1934-12-14 1937-02-09 Soyck Werner Insulating material having a high dielectric constant and a process of producing same
DE680204C (de) * 1936-01-07 1939-08-24 Steatit Magnesia Akt Ges Verfahren zur Herstellung keramischer Kondensatordielektriken
FR840712A (fr) * 1937-07-16 1939-05-03 Fides Gmbh Procédé de fabrication de produits céramiques de haute qualité diélectrique

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2769867A (en) * 1947-02-07 1956-11-06 Sonotone Corp Dielectrostrictive signal and energy transducers
DE977625C (de) * 1949-12-09 1967-09-21 Philips Nv Kondensator mit einem keramischen Dielektrikum und Verfahren zur Herstellung dieses keramischen Dielektrikums
US2695239A (en) * 1951-02-28 1954-11-23 Erie Resistor Corp Barium titanate capacitors
US2727170A (en) * 1951-11-01 1955-12-13 Rca Corp Ceramic mosaic for camera pick-up tube
DE976584C (de) * 1951-11-15 1963-12-05 Siemens Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Perowskitstruktur besitzenden Dielektrikums fuer elektrische Kondensatoren oder elektrostriktive Schwinger und Kondensator mit diesem Dielektrikum
US2658833A (en) * 1952-06-03 1953-11-10 Metal & Thermit Corp Bismuth stannate and compositions employing same
US2824794A (en) * 1954-05-18 1958-02-25 Nat Lead Co Process for fusion of high-melting metals
US2836501A (en) * 1955-11-04 1958-05-27 Electric Machinery Mfg Co Electrostrictive ceramic materials
US2955946A (en) * 1957-02-21 1960-10-11 Soyck Werner Dielectric containing barium metatitanate
DE1174674B (de) * 1958-09-15 1964-07-23 Gen Electric Dielektrikum mit ferroelektrischen Eigenschaften
US3359133A (en) * 1964-04-06 1967-12-19 American Lava Corp Ceramic dielectrics
US3968412A (en) * 1973-07-27 1976-07-06 General Electric Company Thick film capacitor
US4086649A (en) * 1974-12-26 1978-04-25 Union Carbide Corporation Ceramic capacitor made from firing small barium titanate particles
WO1993011548A1 (en) * 1991-12-02 1993-06-10 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation Ceramic dielectric materials for high energy storage capacitors

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE916189C (de) 1954-08-05
NL65781C (xx)

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