US2402516A - High dielectric material and method of making same - Google Patents
High dielectric material and method of making same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2402516A US2402516A US508743A US50874343A US2402516A US 2402516 A US2402516 A US 2402516A US 508743 A US508743 A US 508743A US 50874343 A US50874343 A US 50874343A US 2402516 A US2402516 A US 2402516A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- barium titanate
- dielectric
- dielectric material
- high dielectric
- temperature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 title description 2
- JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])([O-])[O-] JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- DJOYTAUERRJRAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(n-methyl-4-nitroanilino)acetonitrile Chemical compound N#CCN(C)C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 DJOYTAUERRJRAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- FFQALBCXGPYQGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-difluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C(F)C=C1F FFQALBCXGPYQGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001251094 Formica Species 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021523 barium zirconate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DQBAOWPVHRWLJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium(2+);dioxido(oxo)zirconium Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][Zr]([O-])=O DQBAOWPVHRWLJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicotine Chemical compound CN1CCCC1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005616 pyroelectricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005402 stannate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/46—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates
- C04B35/462—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates
- C04B35/465—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates based on alkaline earth metal titanates
- C04B35/468—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates based on alkaline earth metal titanates based on barium titanates
- C04B35/4682—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates based on alkaline earth metal titanates based on barium titanates based on BaTiO3 perovskite phase
Definitions
- the present invention relates to another group of bodies whose usefulness is equally widespread.
- This novel group of ceramic compositions have properties such as to make them useful as capacitors in radio, television, and communications generally, as capacitative temperature compensating devices in receivers and communication equipment to prevent distortions due to changes in circuit characteristics caused by temperature changes.
- the dielectric constant of some of these compositions are so high as to make possible their utilization in low frequency distribution and communication systems such as 60 cycle lines, by means of capacitative coupling between a low frequency high tension transmission line and communication telephone lines. Further, these high constants enable these materials to be used as substitutes for high capacity paper and electrolytic type condensers for by-pass, filter, and power circuits, for use in radio, fluorescent lighting circuits, etc.
- the very high dielectric constants make possible the use of these materials as electromechanical devices, for example, the transfer of mechanical energy or motion into electrical energy or vice versa, in a fashion similar to the action exhibited by piezoelectric crystals.
- the novel compositions of the present invention have possible utility in pyroelectricity, supersonics, crystal or condenser microphones, frequency stabilizers, loud speakers, phonograph pickups, telephone design, and oscillator designs generally.
- the foregoing remarks apply particularly to those bodies whose dielectric constants are over 1000 at radio frequency.
- condenser microphones very thin sheets of the higher dielectric constant materials are rigidly clamped at either center or edges and used as vibrating diaphragms. The minute changes of dimension or position of the dielectric due to vibration will occasion relatively large changes in capacity by means of which sound is transformed into electrical energy.
- novel compositions consist broadly of fired mixtures of the titanates of the alkaline earths with the zirconates of the alkaline earths. Mixtures of alkaline earth titanates, stannates, and zirconates are also of utility.
- the alkaline earth compounds generally are of utility for this invention, including those of magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium.
- the peculiarly beneficial effect of the zirconate additions is most strikingly shown in the case of additions to BaTiO'a.
- barium titanate has a dielectric constant of 1200-1300, and a temperature coefiicient which is first negative, then strongly positive, and finally strongly negative between 20 and C. Not only may this erratic behavior be eliminated by addition of the zirconates to barium titanate but dielectric constants of the order of several thousand are common.
- the ingredients as indicated in the table below are properly reacted ceramically and then ground so that the coarsest particles will pass a 325 mesh screen.
- the dried powders are then mixed within the limits indicated by the proportions given in the table. Approximately 10% water is added and thoroughly mixed in the damp powder, granulated by passage through a 20 mesh screen. They are then pressed in a die under a pressure of 5 to 10 tons per square inch, and then allowed to air dry for 24 hours.
- the pieces used for the purposes of this specification are roughly 1 inch in diameter and 0.1 inch thick. Pieces of such size are fired-on a schedule of 400 F.
- the maturation temperature !or all the bodies listed below is between 2450' F. and 2500' 1''.
- the opposing parallel surfaces are painted with silver powder paste w fixed as a silver electrode by firing to 1500' F.
- the values obtained below were determined at one megacycle, using a radio frequency bridge of standard design. Resistivity was determined on a high sensitivity resistance circuit on which a resistance oi a million megohms could easily be detected, the :rero point indicator being a galvanometer.
- the 1000 cycle measurements were obtained through use or an impedance bridge of standard design, whose arms were resistive components.
- the temperature coefllcients of the compositions listed are indicative of the scope of varia- Whlle single compositions may yield the desired coemcient, an infinite variety of coeillcient is possible through parallel combination of one or more bodies.
- a dielectric composition substantially consisting of barium titanate and an alkaline earth zirconate, the latter being present in an amount less than parts for each 100 parts of the iormer combined ceramically whereby the dielectric properties of barium titanate are regulated.
- a dielectric composition substantially consisting of barium titanate and calcium zirconate,
- the latter being present in an amount less than 20 parts for each 100 parts or the former combined ceramically whereby the dielectric properties of barium titanate are regulated.
- Power iactor percent 3 A dielectric composition substantially consisting oi barium titanate and strontium zirconate, the latter being present in an amount less than 20 parts for each 100 parts of the former combined ceramically whereby the dielectric properties of barium titanate are regulated. do 4. A dielectric composition substantially consisting of barium titanate and barium zirconate, the latter being present in an amount less than 20 parts for each 100 parts oi the former combined ceramically whereby the dielectric properties of barium titanate are regulated.
- the method of regulating the dielectric properties 0! barium titanate which comprises combining barium titanate ceramically with a 12222l2200000000ll2224a minor amount of an alkaline earth metal zinconate.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Insulating Materials (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
Description
Patented June 18, 1946 HIGH DIELECTRIC MATERIAL AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME Eugene Wainer, Niagara Falls, N. Y., asslgnor to The Titanium Alloy Manufacturing Company, New York, 1 Y., a corporation oi Maine No Drawing.
Application November 2, 1943, Serial No. 508,743
8 Claims. (Cl. 106-46) described and claimed. The present invention relates to another group of bodies whose usefulness is equally widespread. This novel group of ceramic compositions have properties such as to make them useful as capacitors in radio, television, and communications generally, as capacitative temperature compensating devices in receivers and communication equipment to prevent distortions due to changes in circuit characteristics caused by temperature changes. The dielectric constant of some of these compositions are so high as to make possible their utilization in low frequency distribution and communication systems such as 60 cycle lines, by means of capacitative coupling between a low frequency high tension transmission line and communication telephone lines. Further, these high constants enable these materials to be used as substitutes for high capacity paper and electrolytic type condensers for by-pass, filter, and power circuits, for use in radio, fluorescent lighting circuits, etc.
Further, the very high dielectric constants make possible the use of these materials as electromechanical devices, for example, the transfer of mechanical energy or motion into electrical energy or vice versa, in a fashion similar to the action exhibited by piezoelectric crystals. Thus the novel compositions of the present invention have possible utility in pyroelectricity, supersonics, crystal or condenser microphones, frequency stabilizers, loud speakers, phonograph pickups, telephone design, and oscillator designs generally. The foregoing remarks apply particularly to those bodies whose dielectric constants are over 1000 at radio frequency. In condenser microphones, very thin sheets of the higher dielectric constant materials are rigidly clamped at either center or edges and used as vibrating diaphragms. The minute changes of dimension or position of the dielectric due to vibration will occasion relatively large changes in capacity by means of which sound is transformed into electrical energy.
Other members of this group, particularly those having dielectric constants over 1000 appear to exhibit electrical and mechanical characteristics of the same nature as piezoelectrical and pyroelectrical crystals. For example, a rod of the material having one end fixed and one end free to vibrate will develop a potential difference of several volts between the two ends of the rod, when in vibration.
The particular usefulness of this group as compensators for correction of frequency drift lies not only in the possibility of obtention of both positive and negative temperature coeflicient of a wide variety but also the possibility of controlling the variation through choice of the proper composition. Furthermore, some of the temperature coefficients make members of the group useful as mica substitutes, particularly because of the low power factors available.
These novel compositions consist broadly of fired mixtures of the titanates of the alkaline earths with the zirconates of the alkaline earths. Mixtures of alkaline earth titanates, stannates, and zirconates are also of utility. The alkaline earth compounds generally are of utility for this invention, including those of magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium. The peculiarly beneficial effect of the zirconate additions is most strikingly shown in the case of additions to BaTiO'a. At radio frequencies barium titanate has a dielectric constant of 1200-1300, and a temperature coefiicient which is first negative, then strongly positive, and finally strongly negative between 20 and C. Not only may this erratic behavior be eliminated by addition of the zirconates to barium titanate but dielectric constants of the order of several thousand are common.
In the practice of the present invention, the ingredients as indicated in the table below are properly reacted ceramically and then ground so that the coarsest particles will pass a 325 mesh screen. The dried powders are then mixed within the limits indicated by the proportions given in the table. Approximately 10% water is added and thoroughly mixed in the damp powder, granulated by passage through a 20 mesh screen. They are then pressed in a die under a pressure of 5 to 10 tons per square inch, and then allowed to air dry for 24 hours. The pieces used for the purposes of this specification are roughly 1 inch in diameter and 0.1 inch thick. Pieces of such size are fired-on a schedule of 400 F. per hour to the peak temperature, then held at peak temperature for three hours, and then allowed to mwmmmmmwwmmwm hich is 3 cool. The maturation temperature !or all the bodies listed below is between 2450' F. and 2500' 1''. After cooling, the opposing parallel surfaces are painted with silver powder paste w fixed as a silver electrode by firing to 1500' F. The values obtained below were determined at one megacycle, using a radio frequency bridge of standard design. Resistivity was determined on a high sensitivity resistance circuit on which a resistance oi a million megohms could easily be detected, the :rero point indicator being a galvanometer. The 1000 cycle measurements were obtained through use or an impedance bridge of standard design, whose arms were resistive components.
The temperature coefllcients of the compositions listed are indicative of the scope of varia- Whlle single compositions may yield the desired coemcient, an infinite variety of coeillcient is possible through parallel combination of one or more bodies.
What is claimed is:
1. A dielectric composition substantially consisting of barium titanate and an alkaline earth zirconate, the latter being present in an amount less than parts for each 100 parts of the iormer combined ceramically whereby the dielectric properties of barium titanate are regulated.
2. A dielectric composition substantially consisting of barium titanate and calcium zirconate,
the latter being present in an amount less than 20 parts for each 100 parts or the former combined ceramically whereby the dielectric properties of barium titanate are regulated.
tion possible.
Power iactor percent 3. A dielectric composition substantially consisting oi barium titanate and strontium zirconate, the latter being present in an amount less than 20 parts for each 100 parts of the former combined ceramically whereby the dielectric properties of barium titanate are regulated. do 4. A dielectric composition substantially consisting of barium titanate and barium zirconate, the latter being present in an amount less than 20 parts for each 100 parts oi the former combined ceramically whereby the dielectric properties of barium titanate are regulated.
5. The method of regulating the dielectric properties 0! barium titanate which comprises combining barium titanate ceramically with a 12222l2200000000ll2224a minor amount of an alkaline earth metal zinconate.
6. The method of regulating the dielectric properties of barium titanate which comprises combining barium titanate ceramically with a minor amount oi! calcium zirconate.
wmmmmwmmmmmmm One kitocycle Dielectric constant LLZaJ LLoNB ZO- ZZZZQLLLLI III that not only may The possibility of Power iactor percent Table 1 One megaeycle M 2222222222222 w wmmmmmmmmmmmm B 22 2.oa t222 m mmmmmmmmmwmmm B 22222a2a2m222 m mmwwwwmmmwwwm B 1111111111111 m mmmmmmmmmmmwm n 2222232222222 m mmmmmmmwmmmmm B LLI LLLLLI LLLL The data below indicate filter, and power pack condensers as substitutes for paper and electrolytics but also as substitutes for mica both from standpoint of power factor 20 these groups of compositions be used for by-pass,
and temperature coemcient. variation and control 01' temperature coeihcients is indicated from Table 2. These data were obtained at one megacycle.
6 m mmwmmmmmmmmwmwmwmmmmmwm Mm LLZB LLZ ZZZ ZZZZQMZLLLLLLI W a U m m m if; M a r m {0L 6 1357111 a W mmmmm B s M r M I m a nmmmmnm Table 2.--Temperature coemcient of capacity Temp., "C.
EUGENE WAINER.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US508743A US2402516A (en) | 1943-11-02 | 1943-11-02 | High dielectric material and method of making same |
| DEN3613A DE909816C (en) | 1943-11-02 | 1951-03-14 | Dielectric composition |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US508743A US2402516A (en) | 1943-11-02 | 1943-11-02 | High dielectric material and method of making same |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2402516A true US2402516A (en) | 1946-06-18 |
Family
ID=24023890
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US508743A Expired - Lifetime US2402516A (en) | 1943-11-02 | 1943-11-02 | High dielectric material and method of making same |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2402516A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE909816C (en) |
Cited By (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2541140A (en) * | 1946-06-19 | 1951-02-13 | Steatite & Porcelain Prod Ltd | Ceramic insulating bodies and method of making |
| US2678887A (en) * | 1951-12-10 | 1954-05-18 | Nat Lead Co | Hydration resistant calcium oxide refractories |
| US2695239A (en) * | 1951-02-28 | 1954-11-23 | Erie Resistor Corp | Barium titanate capacitors |
| US2702427A (en) * | 1948-03-13 | 1955-02-22 | Roberts Shepard | Method of making electromechanically sensitive material |
| US2708243A (en) * | 1951-02-10 | 1955-05-10 | Clevite Corp | Polycrystalline ceramic material |
| US2788446A (en) * | 1953-10-21 | 1957-04-09 | Cleveland Patents Inc | Oscillator |
| US2824794A (en) * | 1954-05-18 | 1958-02-25 | Nat Lead Co | Process for fusion of high-melting metals |
| US2918381A (en) * | 1955-05-24 | 1959-12-22 | British Dielectric Res Ltd | Ceramic dielectric materials |
| US2955048A (en) * | 1956-04-17 | 1960-10-04 | British Dielectric Res Ltd | Ceramic dielectric materials |
| US2955946A (en) * | 1957-02-21 | 1960-10-11 | Soyck Werner | Dielectric containing barium metatitanate |
| US2980546A (en) * | 1956-04-17 | 1961-04-18 | British Dielectric Res Ltd | Ceramic dielectric materials |
| DE1117766B (en) * | 1959-02-21 | 1961-11-23 | Rosenthal Isolatoren Ges Mit B | Ceramic capacitor dielectric with high dielectric constant and low temperature dependence |
| US3103442A (en) * | 1963-09-10 | Ceramic dielectric compositions | ||
| DE976584C (en) * | 1951-11-15 | 1963-12-05 | Siemens Ag | Process for the production of a dielectric having a perovskite structure for electrical capacitors or electrostrictive oscillators and capacitors with this dielectric |
| DE977625C (en) * | 1949-12-09 | 1967-09-21 | Philips Nv | Capacitor with a ceramic dielectric and method for producing this ceramic dielectric |
| US3696314A (en) * | 1970-08-17 | 1972-10-03 | Gen Electric Co Ltd | Microwave devices |
| US4120677A (en) * | 1976-10-26 | 1978-10-17 | Sprague Electric Company | Method for making a glass-reacted-ceramic |
| US4386985A (en) * | 1980-06-30 | 1983-06-07 | North American Philips Corporation | Method of making ceramic dielectric for base metal electrode capacitors |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE958698C (en) * | 1951-03-15 | 1957-02-21 | Siemens Ag | Process for the production of a flexible glass film for electrotechnical purposes |
| DE980100C (en) * | 1951-03-31 | 1970-11-19 | Nat Lead Co | Ceramic bodies with a high dielectric constant and process for the manufacture of these bodies |
| DE1098428B (en) * | 1954-07-07 | 1961-01-26 | N S F Nuernberger Schraubenfab | Method for producing a ceramic dielectric material with high DK |
| DE1095731B (en) * | 1955-10-25 | 1960-12-22 | Rosenthal Isolatoren Gmbh | Electrical isolator |
| DE1113407B (en) * | 1956-05-30 | 1961-08-31 | Plessey Co Ltd | Process for the production of a ceramic, dielectric material |
| JPS5324600A (en) * | 1976-08-19 | 1978-03-07 | Murata Manufacturing Co | Nonnreducing dielectric ceramic composition |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL49185C (en) * | 1900-01-01 |
-
1943
- 1943-11-02 US US508743A patent/US2402516A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1951
- 1951-03-14 DE DEN3613A patent/DE909816C/en not_active Expired
Cited By (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3103442A (en) * | 1963-09-10 | Ceramic dielectric compositions | ||
| US2541140A (en) * | 1946-06-19 | 1951-02-13 | Steatite & Porcelain Prod Ltd | Ceramic insulating bodies and method of making |
| US2702427A (en) * | 1948-03-13 | 1955-02-22 | Roberts Shepard | Method of making electromechanically sensitive material |
| DE977625C (en) * | 1949-12-09 | 1967-09-21 | Philips Nv | Capacitor with a ceramic dielectric and method for producing this ceramic dielectric |
| US2708243A (en) * | 1951-02-10 | 1955-05-10 | Clevite Corp | Polycrystalline ceramic material |
| DE1011646B (en) * | 1951-02-10 | 1957-07-04 | Philips Nv | Element for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy, or vice versa, made of polycrystalline ceramic material |
| US2695239A (en) * | 1951-02-28 | 1954-11-23 | Erie Resistor Corp | Barium titanate capacitors |
| DE976584C (en) * | 1951-11-15 | 1963-12-05 | Siemens Ag | Process for the production of a dielectric having a perovskite structure for electrical capacitors or electrostrictive oscillators and capacitors with this dielectric |
| US2678887A (en) * | 1951-12-10 | 1954-05-18 | Nat Lead Co | Hydration resistant calcium oxide refractories |
| US2788446A (en) * | 1953-10-21 | 1957-04-09 | Cleveland Patents Inc | Oscillator |
| US2824794A (en) * | 1954-05-18 | 1958-02-25 | Nat Lead Co | Process for fusion of high-melting metals |
| US2918381A (en) * | 1955-05-24 | 1959-12-22 | British Dielectric Res Ltd | Ceramic dielectric materials |
| US2980546A (en) * | 1956-04-17 | 1961-04-18 | British Dielectric Res Ltd | Ceramic dielectric materials |
| US2955048A (en) * | 1956-04-17 | 1960-10-04 | British Dielectric Res Ltd | Ceramic dielectric materials |
| US2955946A (en) * | 1957-02-21 | 1960-10-11 | Soyck Werner | Dielectric containing barium metatitanate |
| DE1117766B (en) * | 1959-02-21 | 1961-11-23 | Rosenthal Isolatoren Ges Mit B | Ceramic capacitor dielectric with high dielectric constant and low temperature dependence |
| US3696314A (en) * | 1970-08-17 | 1972-10-03 | Gen Electric Co Ltd | Microwave devices |
| US4120677A (en) * | 1976-10-26 | 1978-10-17 | Sprague Electric Company | Method for making a glass-reacted-ceramic |
| US4386985A (en) * | 1980-06-30 | 1983-06-07 | North American Philips Corporation | Method of making ceramic dielectric for base metal electrode capacitors |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE909816C (en) | 1954-04-26 |
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