US20210114167A1 - Grinding and/or Eroding Machine, and Method for Measuring and/or Referencing the Machine - Google Patents

Grinding and/or Eroding Machine, and Method for Measuring and/or Referencing the Machine Download PDF

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Publication number
US20210114167A1
US20210114167A1 US16/611,978 US201816611978A US2021114167A1 US 20210114167 A1 US20210114167 A1 US 20210114167A1 US 201816611978 A US201816611978 A US 201816611978A US 2021114167 A1 US2021114167 A1 US 2021114167A1
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Prior art keywords
contact
axis
measuring
grinding
machine
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US16/611,978
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English (en)
Inventor
Siegfried Hegele
Steffen Schnaible
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Walter Maschinenbau GmbH
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Walter Maschinenbau GmbH
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Assigned to WALTER MASCHINENBAU GMBH reassignment WALTER MASCHINENBAU GMBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HEGELE, Siegfried, SCHNAIBLE, Steffen
Publication of US20210114167A1 publication Critical patent/US20210114167A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
    • B24B49/10—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation involving electrical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
    • B23H5/00—Combined machining
    • B23H5/04—Electrical discharge machining combined with mechanical working
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
    • B23H7/00—Processes or apparatus applicable to both electrical discharge machining and electrochemical machining
    • B23H7/12—Rotating-disc electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
    • B23Q17/22—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring existing or desired position of tool or work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
    • B23Q17/22—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring existing or desired position of tool or work
    • B23Q17/2233—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring existing or desired position of tool or work for adjusting the tool relative to the workpiece
    • B23Q17/2241—Detection of contact between tool and workpiece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/12—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for securing to a spindle in general
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B47/00—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor
    • B24B47/22—Equipment for exact control of the position of the grinding tool or work at the start of the grinding operation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
    • G05B19/401—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by control arrangements for measuring, e.g. calibration and initialisation, measuring workpiece for machining purposes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
    • B23H2500/00—Holding and positioning of tool electrodes
    • B23H2500/20—Methods or devices for detecting wire or workpiece position
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
    • G05B19/406—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by monitoring or safety
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/37—Measurements
    • G05B2219/37008—Calibration of measuring system, probe, sensor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/37—Measurements
    • G05B2219/37457—On machine, on workpiece
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/37—Measurements
    • G05B2219/37492—Store measured value in memory, to be used afterwards
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/37—Measurements
    • G05B2219/37593—Measure correct setting of workpiece
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/40—Robotics, robotics mapping to robotics vision
    • G05B2219/40339—Avoid collision
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/45—Nc applications
    • G05B2219/45161—Grinding machine
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/50—Machine tool, machine tool null till machine tool work handling
    • G05B2219/50139—Calibration, setting tool after measurement on tool

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a grinding and/or erosion machine, as well as to a method for gauging and referencing of the machine, respectively.
  • a grinding and/or erosion machine comprises several machine axes to allow moving and positioning of a workpiece to be processed relative to a tool. For precise machining it is necessary to know the position of the machine axes relative to a stationary coordinate system of the machine base or the machine frame.
  • Publication DE 10 2008 004 849 B4 suggests that a multi-axis referencing sensor arrangement be provided in order to perform, during interruptions, a referencing procedure with the components used for machining and the translational, as well as rotational, axes, in that the relative position between a workpiece holding device and a workpiece is determined in several dimensions.
  • the multi-axis referencing sensor arrangement comprises respectively one reference sensor for each spatial direction, in which case said reference sensor may be configured as a contact sensor or as a proximity sensor.
  • the object of the present invention may be viewed to be the provision of a grinding and/or erosion machine, as well as of a method, for gauging or referencing the machine, said gauging and referencing providing high accuracy with simple means.
  • the grinding and/or erosion machine comprises a tool spindle that can be driven about a spindle axis in which a grinding or erosion tool can be arranged.
  • a workpiece holding device is provided for a workpiece that is to be machined.
  • the machine comprises a machine axis arrangement with several machine axes. Each machine axis may be configured as a rotational or translational machine axis. Up to six machine axes may be provided, each being disposed to position or move the tool spindle, or a tool provided there, relative to the workpiece holding device or a workpiece that is arranged there, in order to be able to perform the desired process.
  • the position of each of the existing machine axes is detected by a position detecting device.
  • the position detecting device may comprise position sensors that measure the position within the respective translational or rotational degree of freedom. It is also possible for the position detecting device to determine the position of a machine axis based on other parameters that are characteristic of the respective position. Therefore, it is possible that the position detection occurs either based on directly measured actual position values or based on indirect parameters describing this actual position.
  • Electrically conductive measuring bodies preferably an electrically conductive test mandrel, as well as an electrically conductive measuring disk, are used for gauging or referencing.
  • the one, first, measuring body, in particular the test mandrel may be arranged in the workpiece holding device and the respectively other, second, measuring body, in particular the measuring disk, may be arranged in the tool spindle.
  • the second measuring body is connected to a supply voltage potential so that, on the second measuring body, a voltage is applied, said voltage preferably corresponding to the supply voltage potential.
  • the first measuring body that is arranged in the workpiece holding device is electrically connected to a defined reference potential that is lower than the supply voltage potential.
  • the reference potential preferably acts as a ground potential (0 Volt).
  • the second measuring body is connected to a monitoring device.
  • a control device Via a control device, it is possible to move or position or align the measuring bodies relative to each other.
  • the control device of the machine controls the machine axes in order to move the measuring bodies toward each other in a relative manner such that they come into contact with each other at a contact location.
  • a measuring current flows between the measuring bodies and, preferably, from the second measuring body with higher potential to the first measuring body with lower potential.
  • This measuring current is detected by the monitoring device that is connected to the second measuring body.
  • the actual position of the at least one drive machine axis, or all machine axes is stored in memory. Therefore, due to the contact between the two measuring bodies, a reference position can be determined at the contact location.
  • this reference position may be highly exact. It has been found that the measuring current can be detected with great accuracy directly after a contact between the measuring bodies. At this time, the appropriate actual position can be detected and stored, respectively as the reference position. Differences due to varying contact pressure forces between the measuring bodies do not occur.
  • the machine and the method do not require expensive or elaborate sensor systems.
  • the detecting of the measuring current may occur outside the operational range of the machine. Sensitive sensors are not needed within the operational range of the machine. Consequently, referencing and gauging, respectively, may take place with simple, cost-effective means with simultaneous high accuracy.
  • driving of the at least one driven machine axis is stopped as soon as a contact between the measuring bodies has been detected. Consequently, high contact pressure forces between the measuring bodies are avoided.
  • a sequence of contact locations is successively approached. For example, at least two, three or more contact locations per sequence may exist in order to perform a specific measurement or compare the orientation between machine axes with each other. In doing so, an orientation for one or more rotational machine axes may be specified for the at least one contact location.
  • the approach movement directly prior to and up to contact between the measuring bodies occurs preferably with a single, in particular translational, machine axis.
  • the second measuring body may be configured as a measuring disk that has a circumferential surface that is closed in a ring-shaped manner and a lateral surface, wherein the circumferential surface encloses the lateral surface, adjoining said surface.
  • the measuring disk may be disk that is contoured in the form of a circle. In conjunction with this, it is possible that the measuring disk contacts the other, first measuring body having the circumferential surface or the lateral surface at the contact location. This depends on where the contact location on the first measuring body, for example the test mandrel, is arranged and which machine axes are used for the relative movement until this contact location is reached.
  • the number of contact locations in a sequence that are successively approached preferably corresponds to the number of those machine axes that are disposed to change the relative position between the measuring bodies.
  • one machine axis is not taken into consideration, namely the one that can effect a rotation of the first measuring body about its longitudinal axis.
  • the monitoring device comprises a monitoring unit.
  • the monitoring unit may be a component of the control device or be communicationally connected to the control device.
  • the monitoring unit is disposed to monitor whether or not the second measuring body is electrically connected to the supply voltage potential.
  • a corresponding monitoring result can be transmitted to the control device or be made available to the control device in another suitable manner.
  • the control device can switch into a safety operation mode if the monitoring device determines that the electrical connection between the second measuring body and the supply voltage potential has been effected. As a result of this, it has been recognized, so to speak, that no workpiece machining but a gauging and referencing, respectively, are to be performed. Subsequently, the safety operation mode is activated and the control device controls the machine axis arrangement maintaining at least one restriction of the safety operation mode.
  • the driving force or a driving torque of one or more machine axes may be limited to a maximum force or a maximum torque. Therefore, damage to the measuring bodies due to great contact pressure forces can be avoided.
  • a measurement and limitation of the motor current it is possible, for example, for a measurement and limitation of the motor current to occur.
  • the second measuring body is electrically connected via a connecting line to a first contact of electrical connecting component.
  • the electrical connecting component may comprise a second contact and a third contact that can be short-circuited with each other.
  • An electrical counter-connecting component may be provided for the electrical connection to the connecting component.
  • the counter-connecting component comprises a first counter contact that is connected to the supply voltage potential by means of a first conductor via the monitoring device.
  • a monitoring component of the monitoring device may be arranged in this first conductor, said device providing a switching function, for example a transistor, a relay, and optical coupler or the like.
  • the monitoring component may additionally provide a galvanic isolation of the first conductor from a measuring circuit.
  • the counter-connecting component has a second counter contact that is connected to the supply voltage potential by means of a second conductor.
  • an optional third counter contact may be provided that is connected, by means of a third conductor, to the monitoring device and, in particular, to the monitoring unit of the monitoring device.
  • an electrical connection is effected between the first contact and the first counter contact. If present, there is also effected an electrical connection between the second contact and the counter contact and/or between the third contact and the third counter contact. Due to the short circuit between the second contact and the third contact, thus—with the connection between the connecting component and the counter-connecting component established—an electrical connection is effected between the supply voltage potential and the monitoring device and the monitoring unit, respectively. In this manner, it is possible to detect the connection of the second measuring body to the supply voltage potential and, for example, activate the safety operation mode.
  • FIG. 1 a schematic, block diagram-like representation of an exemplary embodiment of a grinding and/or erosion machine
  • FIG. 2 a schematic side elevation of an exemplary embodiment of a grinding and/or erosion machine according to the block diagram of FIG. 1 ,
  • FIG. 3 a basic diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the electrical connection of a measuring disk to a supply voltage potential and a monitoring device, as well as the electrical connection of a test mandrel to a reference potential,
  • FIGS. 4 to 7 a schematic diagram, in side elevation ( Figure a), and a plan view (respectively Figure b) of the test mandrel and the measuring disk of FIGS. 1 to 3 , with different contact locations.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show an exemplary embodiment of a grinding and/or erosion machine 10 in a greatly simplified manner.
  • the grinding and/or erosion machine 10 comprises a machine axis arrangement 11 that comprises at least one, and preferably several, translational and/or rotational machine axes 12 .
  • the axis arrangement 11 comprises three translational axes, namely an X-axis 12 x , a Y-axis 12 y , as well as a Z-axis 12 z .
  • the machine axis arrangement 11 in accordance with the example, comprises two rotational machine axes, namely an A-axis 12 a and a C-axis 12 c .
  • the machine axis arrangement 11 it is possible to move a tool spindle 13 and/or a tool holding device 14 relative to a machine base 15 , so that also a relative movement between the tool spindle 13 and the workpiece holding device 14 can be achieved. In doing so, different axis configurations can be used.
  • For moving the tool spindle 13 it is possible to use one or more translational or rotational machine axes 12 and for moving the workpiece holding device 14 , it is accordingly possibly to move other translational or rotational machine axes 12 . Referring to the exemplary embodiment shown by FIG.
  • the Y-axis 12 y and the Z-axis 12 z can be used for moving the tool spindle 13
  • the X-axis 12 x and the C-axis 12 c can be used for moving the workpiece holding device 14 .
  • the A-axis 12 a is disposed to drive the workpiece holding device 14 about its longitudinal axis L.
  • the machine axes 12 of the axis arrangement 11 are indicated only symbolically in FIG. 1 and only by their schematically indicated axes of rotation or slides in FIG. 2 .
  • the tool spindle 13 is seated on a first slide 15 that can be moved by means of the Y-axis 12 y relative to a second slide 16 .
  • the second slide 16 bearing the first slide 15 can be moved by means of the Z-axis 12 z relative to the machine base 15 .
  • a third slide 17 is arranged on the machine base 15 so as to be movable via the X-axis 12 x and bears the C-axis 12 c .
  • the C-axis 12 c it is possible to perform a rotation of the carrier 18 about an axis of rotation R.
  • the Z-axis 12 a and the workpiece holding device 14 are seated on the carrier 18 , in which case the A-axis 12 a is able to drive the workpiece holding device 14 about the longitudinal axis L.
  • the tool spindle 13 is disposed for accepting a tool 19 , for example a grinding tool and/or an erosion tool.
  • a tool 19 for example a grinding disk so as to be driven in a rotating manner about the spindle axis S.
  • the tool spindle 13 or the associate spindle drive (not illustrated) is activated by a control device 21 that can specify a desired rate of revolutions.
  • the workpiece holding device 14 is disposed for accepting and clamping, respectively, a workpiece 20 .
  • the workpiece 20 can be rotated or pivoted by means of the A-axis 12 a about its longitudinal axis L or by means of the C-axis 12 c about the axis of rotation R. Due to a pivoting movement about the axis of rotation R by means of the C-axis 12 c , the angle between the longitudinal axis L and the spindle axis S are adjusted. In accordance with the example, this angle may be varied between 0° and 180°.
  • each machine axis arrangement 11 is also activated in such a manner that each machine axis 12 can be driven individually.
  • the position of each machine axis 12 is detected by a position detecting device 22 .
  • the position detection may also be accomplished by the position detecting device 22 on the basis of other values that are characteristic of the respective actual position. Then, a direct measurement of the actual position values is not necessary.
  • the grinding and/or erosion machine 10 is disposed for performing a method for gauging or referencing the machine axes 12 .
  • an electrically conductive first measuring body according to the example a test mandrel 27
  • an electrically conductive second measuring body instead of a tool 19 , an electrically conductive second measuring body—according to the example a measuring disk 28 —can be inserted in the tool spindle 13 .
  • the test mandrel 27 is electrically connected to a fixed reference potentials and, according to the example, electrically connected to ground M. The connection may be achieved directly—via a line—on the test mandrel 27 or indirectly via the workpiece holding device 14 .
  • the measuring disk 27 is electrically connected to a supply voltage potential UV. Via an electrical isolation 29 , a shaft section 30 of the shaft connected to the measuring disk 28 is electrically isolated relative to the measuring disk 28 . Via the shaft section 30 , the measuring disk 28 is accommodated in the tool spindle 13 .
  • the supply voltage potential UV applied to the measuring disk 28 thus is not applied to the tool spindle 13 , and a current flow in or across the tool spindle 13 is prevented by the electrical isolation 29 .
  • the measuring disk 28 is electrically connected to a monitoring device 31 .
  • the monitoring device 31 comprises a monitoring unit 32 .
  • the monitoring device 31 or at least the monitoring unit 32 may be a component of the control device 21 or may be communicationally connected to the control device 21 .
  • the electrical connection between the monitoring device 31 and the measuring disk 28 occurs via a connecting device with a connecting component 33 and a counter-connecting component 34 .
  • the connecting component 33 is preferably configured as a plug and the counter-connecting component 34 as a socket.
  • the counter-connecting component 34 can be attached to the grinding and/or erosion machine 10 in the region of the tool spindle 13 , for example to the first slide 15 or a carrier for the tool spindle 13 connected to the carrier of the first slide 15 .
  • the connecting portal 33 has a first electrical contact 35 and, in accordance with the example, additionally a second electrical contact 36 and a third electrical contact 37 .
  • the electrical contacts 35 , 36 , 37 may be configured as plug pins.
  • the second contact 36 and the third contact 37 are electrically short-circuited by the connecting component 33 and in the connecting component 33 , respectively.
  • the counter contact component 34 has at least one first electrical counter contact 38 .
  • the counter contacts 38 , 39 , 40 may be configured as sockets for receiving a respectively associate plug pin.
  • the connecting line 41 is a flexible line, for example a helix cable.
  • the first counter contact 38 is connected to the monitoring device 31 by means of a first conductor 42 .
  • the first conductor 42 is electrically connected to the supply voltage potential UV via a monitoring component 43 .
  • the monitoring component 43 has an electrical switching function and is disposed to trigger an electrical switching operation when the measuring current IM flows through the first conductor 42 . This electrical switching operation is detected by the monitoring unit 32 that is electrically connected to the monitoring component 43 .
  • the monitoring component 43 furthermore provides a galvanic isolation.
  • the primary side of the monitoring component 43 is switched in the first conductor 42 when the secondary side of the monitoring component 43 is arranged in a secondary circuit 44 .
  • the monitoring component 43 is an optical coupler 45 .
  • An optical coupler diode is electrically connected, on the anode side, to the supply voltage potential UV and, on the cathode side, to the first counter contact 38 .
  • An optical coupler transistor is electrically connected, on the collector side, to a secondary voltage potential US and, on the emitter side, to a first monitoring input 46 . As soon as a measuring current IM flows through the first conductor 42 and thus the optical coupler diode, the optical coupler transistor becomes conductive and electrically connects the first monitoring input 46 to the secondary voltage potential US.
  • the optical coupler transistor blocks, and the secondary voltage potential US is electrically disconnected from the first monitoring input 46 . Due to the switching operation of the optical coupler transistor, it is thus possible to detect the presence of a measuring current IM in the first conductor 42 .
  • the secondary circuit 44 may also be differently electrically configured with the aid of the monitoring component 43 or the optical coupler 45 .
  • the first monitoring input 46 may be connected directly to the secondary voltage potential US and to the collector of the optical coupler transistor.
  • the emitter of the optical coupler transistor can then be connected—via a resistor—to a potential that is low compared to the secondary voltage potential US, for example a secondary ground potential.
  • the secondary ground potential is applied to the first monitoring input 46 when a measuring current IM flows on the primary side through the second conductor 42 , while the optical coupler transistor blocks otherwise and the secondary voltage potential US is applied to the first monitoring input 46 .
  • monitoring device 31 and the secondary circuit 44 are also possible.
  • optical coupler 45 it is possible to use a relay or another monitoring component 43 causing a switching operation, said component potentially being provided with or without a galvanic isolation.
  • the second counter contact 39 is electrically connected to the supply voltage potential UV via a second conductor 49 , preferably directly connected.
  • the third counter contact 40 is electrically connected to a second monitoring input 51 via a third conductor 50 , preferably directly.
  • the connecting component 33 and the counter-connecting component 34 If an electrical and preferably also a mechanical connection is established between the connecting component 33 and the counter-connecting component 34 , respectively one electrical connection between the first contact 35 and the first counter contact 38 , between the second contact 36 and the second counter contact 39 , and between the third contact 37 and the third counter contact 40 is performed. Due to the short circuit connection between the second and the third contacts 36 , 37 , the first conductor 49 is electrically connected to the third conductor 50 , as a result of which the supply voltage potential UV is applied to the second monitoring input 51 .
  • the monitoring device 31 of the monitoring unit 32 can detect, via the second monitoring input 51 , that an electrical connection was made between the connecting component 33 and the counter-connecting component 34 .
  • the monitoring unit 32 is disposed to generate an appropriate signal when an electrical connection between the connecting component 33 and the counter-connecting component 34 has been detected and to provide said signal to the control device 21 . Then, the latter operates the grinding and/or erosion machine 10 in a safety operation mode. In safety operation mode, a driving of the tool spindle 13 about the spindle axis S and/or a rotation of the test mandrel 27 about the longitudinal axis L are prevented. A measuring disk 28 inserted in the tool spindle 13 can be prevented from rotating as a result of this.
  • one or more machine axes 12 may be operated in safety operation mode, while a force or a torque are limited. As a result of this it is prevented that excessive forces or torques act on the measuring disk 28 or the test mandrel 27 when these measuring bodies 27 , 28 come into contact with each other or with another component of the grinding and/or erosion machine 10 . To do so, it is possible, for example, to limit the driving torque of an involved electric motor of the respective machine axis 12 , for example, by an appropriate current limitation of the motor current.
  • This arrangement is capable—without the use of contact sensors or proximity sensors inside the working range of the grinding and/or erosion machine 10 —to quickly and exactly detect a contact between the measuring disk 28 and the test mandrel 27 .
  • control device 21 is disposed to move the measuring disk 28 into contact with the test mandrel 27 on a specified sequence of contact locations.
  • the measuring disk 28 has a circumferential surface 54 that forms the edge of the measuring disk 28 and delimits its contour.
  • the circumferential surface 54 encloses a lateral surface 55 that faces away from the shaft section 30 .
  • the measuring disk 28 can be brought into contact—either with its lateral surface 55 or the circumferential surface 54 —with the test mandrel 27 .
  • FIGS. 4 to 7 schematically shows the approaching of a contact location in a specified alignment between the longitudinal axis L and the spindle axis S.
  • a sequence of several contact locations K on the test mandrel 27 and to bring the measuring disk 28 into contact with the test mandrel 27 there.
  • contact may be accomplished with the lateral surface 55 or with the circumferential surface 54 on the measuring disk 28 .
  • the contact location K may be provided on the generated surface 56 or the face 57 of the test mandrel 27 .
  • the number of contact locations K corresponds to the number of machine axes 12 that are disposed to move the measuring disk 28 relative to the test mandrel 27 .
  • these are four machine axes because the A-axis 12 a can cause a rotation of the test mandrel 27 about its longitudinal axis L, which, however, does not change the relative position between the measuring disk 28 and the test mandrel 27 . Consequently, the test mandrel 27 is approached—corresponding to the three translational axes 12 x , 12 y and 12 z —on three different contact locations K in a first position of the C-axis at a specified angle of rotation about the axis of rotation R.
  • at least one contact location K is approached under another position of rotation of the C-axis 12 c about the axis of rotation R.
  • the two positions of rotation around the axis of rotation R may differ by 90° from each other.
  • the longitudinal axis L may initially be aligned in x-direction ( FIGS. 4 to 6 ).
  • the measuring disk 28 is moved with the use of the Y-axis 12 y at a first contact location with the lateral surface 55 against the generated surface 56 , and the position of this first contact location is detected ( FIGS. 4 a and 4 b ).
  • the circumferential surface 54 of the measuring disk 28 is moved against the generated surface 56 of the test mandrel 27 on at least one additional contact location K, and the position is detected ( FIGS. 5 a and 5 b ).
  • a rotation of the C-axis by a specified angle of rotation about the axis of rotation R is performed and, subsequently, a contact is established between the test mandrel 27 and the measuring disk 28 with the use of at least one of the translational axes 12 x , 12 y , 12 z .
  • this relative movement is accomplished by X-axis 12 x .
  • this pivoted position of the C-axis it is possible to approach further additional contact locations and to determine the corresponding position.
  • test mandrel 27 can be moved along the longitudinal axis L to one or more contact locations K by means of the measuring disk 28 , for example with the use of the Y-axis 12 y . Subsequently, the test mandrel 27 can be rotated by a specified angle of rotation about the longitudinal axis L and be again moved to the same location along the longitudinal axis L by the measuring disk 28 . In this manner, it is possible to determine the concentricity of the A-axis 12 a.
  • the parallelity of the A-axis 12 a relative to the X-axis 12 x is also possible. With the use of the X-axis 12 x , it is possible to bring the test mandrel 27 and the measuring disk 28 into contact at a contact location. Subsequently, the C-axis is rotated by a specified angle of rotation, preferably 180° and, again, a contact location between the test mandrel 27 and the measuring disk 28 is approached with the use of the X-axis 12 x . Based on this, it is possible to determine axis parallelity. Analogous thereto, the parallelity of the A-axis 12 a relative to the Z-axis 12 z can be determined with the use of the Z-axis.
  • the axis of rotation R should bisect the longitudinal axis L.
  • the described gauging or referencing operations may also be performed analogously with other axis arrangements. It depends on the respective specific axis arrangement whether or not the grinding spindle 13 is moved relative to the machine base 15 or the workpiece holding device 14 is moved relative to the machine base 15 .
  • the invention relates to a grinding and/or erosion machine 10 , as well as to a method for gauging and referencing the axis arrangement 11 comprising several machine axes 12 , wherein each can be configured as a rotational or translational machine axis.
  • a first measuring body (test mandrel 27 ) is inserted in a workpiece holding device 14 and a second measuring body (measuring disk 28 ) is inserted in a tool spindle 13 .
  • the test mandrel 27 is electrically connected to a reference potential, preferably ground M.
  • the measuring disk 28 is electrically connected to a supply voltage potential UV.
  • a measuring current IM flows between the supply voltage potential UV and the reference potential and, in accordance with the example, from the supply voltage potential UV to ground M.
  • the flow of this measuring current IM may be detected in a monitoring device 31 , and the actual position of the machine axes 12 at the time of the start of the current flow of the measuring current IM can be determined.
  • Via the axis arrangement 11 one or more contact locations K between the measuring disk 28 and the test mandrel 27 can be approached, and, as a result of this, referencing or gauging of the axis arrangement 11 and the machine, respectively, can take place.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Constituent Portions Of Griding Lathes, Driving, Sensing And Control (AREA)
  • Machine Tool Sensing Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Mechanical Treatment Of Semiconductor (AREA)
  • Blast Furnaces (AREA)
US16/611,978 2017-05-11 2018-05-04 Grinding and/or Eroding Machine, and Method for Measuring and/or Referencing the Machine Abandoned US20210114167A1 (en)

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DE102017110198.5A DE102017110198A1 (de) 2017-05-11 2017-05-11 Schleif- und/oder Erodiermaschine sowie Verfahren zur Vermessung und/oder Referenzierung der Maschine
DE102017110198.5 2017-05-11
PCT/EP2018/061579 WO2018206455A1 (de) 2017-05-11 2018-05-04 Schleif- und/oder erodiermaschine sowie verfahren zur vermessung und/oder referenzierung der maschine

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JP2020519461A (ja) 2020-07-02
KR20200004396A (ko) 2020-01-13
EP3621769B1 (de) 2023-03-22
AU2018265182A1 (en) 2020-01-16
WO2018206455A1 (de) 2018-11-15
DE102017110198A1 (de) 2018-11-15
EP3621769A1 (de) 2020-03-18
AU2018265182B2 (en) 2023-11-02
TWI788350B (zh) 2023-01-01
TW201906685A (zh) 2019-02-16
KR102555548B1 (ko) 2023-07-18
JP7168831B2 (ja) 2022-11-10
CN110582375B (zh) 2022-05-17
CN110582375A (zh) 2019-12-17

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