US20210061831A1 - Cot modulators and methods of use thereof - Google Patents

Cot modulators and methods of use thereof Download PDF

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US20210061831A1
US20210061831A1 US16/898,981 US202016898981A US2021061831A1 US 20210061831 A1 US20210061831 A1 US 20210061831A1 US 202016898981 A US202016898981 A US 202016898981A US 2021061831 A1 US2021061831 A1 US 2021061831A1
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alkyl
heterocyclyl
heteroaryl
aryl
cycloalkyl
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Eda Y. Canales
Manoj C. Desai
Eric Gorman
Jiayao Li
Roland D. SAITO
James G. Taylor
Nathan E. Wright
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Gilead Sciences Inc
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Gilead Sciences Inc
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Priority to US16/898,981 priority Critical patent/US20210061831A1/en
Assigned to GILEAD SCIENCES, INC. reassignment GILEAD SCIENCES, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: WRIGHT, NATHAN E., CANALES, Eda Y., LI, JIAYAO, TAYLOR, JAMES G., GORMAN, Eric M., DESAI, MANOJ C., SAITO, ROLAND D.
Priority to US16/994,889 priority patent/US10947259B2/en
Assigned to GILEAD SCIENCES, INC. reassignment GILEAD SCIENCES, INC. CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE 3RD INVENOR NAME PREVIOUSLY RECORDED AT REEL: 053158 FRAME: 0639. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE ASSIGNMENT. Assignors: WRIGHT, NATHAN E., CANALES, Eda Y., LI, JIAYAO, TAYLOR, JAMES G., GORMAN, Eric, DESAI, MANOJ C., SAITO, ROLAND D.
Priority to US17/162,754 priority patent/US11325930B2/en
Publication of US20210061831A1 publication Critical patent/US20210061831A1/en
Priority to US17/715,366 priority patent/US11827662B2/en
Priority to US18/374,108 priority patent/US20240043458A1/en
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Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates generally to modulators of Cot (cancer Osaka thyroid) and methods of use and manufacture thereof.
  • Cot cancer Osaka thyroid
  • MAP3K MAP kinase kinase kinase family. It is also known as “TPL2” (tumor progression locus), “MAP3K8” (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 8) or “EST” (Ewing sarcoma transformant). Cot was identified by its oncogenic transforming activity in cells and has been shown to regulate oncogenic and inflammatory pathways.
  • Cot is known to be upstream in the MEK-ERK pathway and is essential for LPS induced tumor necrosis factor- ⁇ (TNF- ⁇ ) production. Cot has been shown to be involved in both production and signaling of TNF ⁇ .
  • TNF ⁇ is a pro-inflammatory cytokine and plays an important role in inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), diabetes, sepsis, psoriasis, misregulated TNF ⁇ expression and graft rejection.
  • Agents and methods that modulate the expression or activity of Cot may be useful for preventing or treating such diseases.
  • the present disclosure provides compounds that modulate the expression or activity of Cot.
  • the disclosure also provides compositions, including pharmaceutical compositions, kits that include the compounds, and methods of using (or administering) and making the compounds.
  • the compounds provided herein can be useful in treating diseases, disorders, or conditions that are mediated by Cot.
  • the disclosure also provides compounds for use in therapy.
  • the disclosure further provides compounds for use in a method of treating a disease, disorder, or condition that is mediated by Cot.
  • the disclosure provides uses of compounds in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a disease, disorder or condition that is mediated by (or mediated, at least in part, by) Cot.
  • Some embodiments provide a method of using (or administering) the compounds of Formula I, or additional Formula(s) described throughout, in the treatment of a disease or condition in a mammal, such as a human, that is amenable to treatment by a Cot modulator.
  • the disclosure provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the disclosure (e.g. a compound of Formula I or additional Formula(s) described throughout), and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
  • a compound of the disclosure e.g. a compound of Formula I or additional Formula(s) described throughout
  • FIG. 1 depicts plasma concentration over time of Compound A following oral administration of Compound B to dogs compared to oral administration of Compound A over time.
  • FIG. 2 depicts plasma concentration over time of Compound A and Compound D following oral administration of Compound C to dogs over time.
  • the present disclosure relates to inhibitors of Cot, or TPL2.
  • the disclosure also relates to compositions and methods relating to inhibitors of TPL2 and the use of such compounds for treatment and prophylaxis of diseases and conditions through binding of TPL2 with said compounds.
  • the disclosure also relates to compositions and methods for treating and preventing cancer, diabetes, inflammatory disease, or liver disease including a TPL2 inhibitor in combination with one or more additional therapeutic agents.
  • Cot inhibitors are known and are being investigated in connection with a number of physiological conditions, including for example inflammatory diseases.
  • Cot or
  • TPL2 has been shown to regulate oncogenic and inflammatory pathways.
  • TPL2 was identified by its oncogenic transforming activity in cells and has been shown to regulate oncogenic and inflammatory pathways.
  • TPL2 is expressed in a broad range of immune cells and regulates ERK-mediated gene expression downstream of multiple stimuli, including for example bacterial products, such as LPS and bacterial peptidoglycans, TNF ⁇ , and IL-1 ⁇ .
  • bacterial products such as LPS and bacterial peptidoglycans
  • TNF ⁇ bacterial peptidoglycans
  • IL-1 ⁇ IL-1 ⁇ .
  • intestinal inflammation reflects the loss of a homeostatic relationship between intestinal microbiota and the host immune system.
  • IBD the homeostatic response to commensal bacteria can be replaced by sustained and exacerbated immune signaline.
  • TPL2 inhibition can provide an opportunity to restor immune homeostasis, for example, in IBD patients by attenuating exacerbated inflammatory signaling.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure provide compounds that provide inhibition of TPL2.
  • compounds disclosed herein exhibit desirable pharmacokinetic properties.
  • compounds disclosed herein are cleaved, for example intestinally-cleaved, to provide compounds that inhibit TPL2.
  • compounds disclosed herein have improved solubility in comparison with known inhibitors of TPL2.
  • compounds disclosed herein provide improved systemic exposure of TPL2 inhibitors relative to known compounds.
  • a dash (“-”) that is not between two letters or symbols is used to indicate a point of attachment for a substituent. For example, —C(O)NH 2 is attached through the carbon atom.
  • a dash at the front or end of a chemical group is a matter of convenience; chemical groups may be depicted with or without one or more dashes without losing their ordinary meaning.
  • a wavy line drawn through a line in a structure indicates a point of attachment of a group. Unless chemically or structurally required, no directionality is indicated or implied by the order in which a chemical group is written or named.
  • C u-v indicates that the following group has from u to v carbon atoms.
  • C 1-6 alkyl indicates that the alkyl group has from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
  • references to “about” a value or parameter herein includes (and describes) embodiments that are directed to that value or parameter per se.
  • the term “about” includes the indicated amount ⁇ 10%.
  • the term “about” includes the indicated amount ⁇ 5%.
  • the term “about” includes the indicated amount ⁇ 1%.
  • to the term “about X” includes description of “X”.
  • the singular forms “a” and “the” include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
  • reference to “the compound” includes a plurality of such compounds and reference to “the assay” includes reference to one or more assays and equivalents thereof known to those skilled in the art.
  • Alkyl refers to an unbranched or branched saturated hydrocarbon chain. As used herein, alkyl has 1 to 20 carbon atoms (i.e., C 1-20 alkyl), 1 to 8 carbon atoms (i.e., C 1-8 alkyl), 1 to 6 carbon atoms (i.e., C 1-6 alkyl), or 1 to 4 carbon atoms (i.e., C 1-4 alkyl).
  • alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, 2-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, hexyl, 2-hexyl, 3-hexyl, and 3-methylpentyl.
  • alkyl residue having a specific number of carbons is named by chemical name or identified by molecular formula, all positional isomers having that number of carbons may be encompassed; thus, for example, “butyl” includes n-butyl (i.e.
  • Alkenyl refers to an alkyl group containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond and having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms (i.e., C 2-20 alkenyl), 2 to 8 carbon atoms (i.e., C 2-8 alkenyl), 2 to 6 carbon atoms (i.e., (C 2-6 alkenyl), or 2 to 4 carbon atoms (i.e., C 2-4 alkenyl).
  • alkenyl groups include ethenyl, propenyl, butadienyl (including 1,2-butadienyl and 1,3-butadienyl).
  • Alkynyl refers to an alkyl group containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond and having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms (i.e., C 2-20 alkynyl), 2 to 8 carbon atoms (i.e., C 2-8 alkynyl), 2 to 6 carbon atoms (i.e., C 2-6 alkynyl), or 2 to 4 carbon atoms (i.e., C 2-4 alkynyl).
  • alkynyl also includes those groups having one triple bond and one double bond.
  • Alkoxy refers to the group “alkyl-O—”. Examples of alkoxy groups include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, iso-propoxy, n-butoxy, tert-butoxy, sec-butoxy, n-pentoxy, n-hexoxy, and 1,2-dimethylbutoxy.
  • Haloalkoxy refers to an alkoxy group as defined above, wherein one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by a halogen.
  • Alkylthio refers to the group “alkyl-S—”.
  • acyl refers to a group —C(O)R, wherein R is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroalkyl, or heteroaryl; each of which may be optionally substituted, as defined herein.
  • R is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroalkyl, or heteroaryl; each of which may be optionally substituted, as defined herein.
  • Examples of acyl include formyl, acetyl, cylcohexylcarbonyl, cyclohexylmethyl-carbonyl, and benzoyl.
  • “Amido” refers to both a “C-amido” group which refers to the group —C(O)NR y R z and an “N-amido” group which refers to the group —NR y C(O)R z , wherein R y and R z are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, haloalkyl, or heteroaryl; each of which may be optionally substituted.
  • Amino refers to the group —NR y R z wherein R y and R z are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; each of which may be optionally substituted.
  • “Amidino” refers to C(NH)(NH 2 ).
  • Aryl refers to an aromatic carbocyclic group having a single ring (e.g. monocyclic) or multiple rings (e.g. bicyclic or tricyclic) including fused systems.
  • aryl has 6 to 20 ring carbon atoms (i.e., C 6-20 aryl), 6 to 12 carbon ring atoms (i.e., C 6-12 aryl), or 6 to 10 carbon ring atoms (i.e., C 6-10 aryl).
  • Examples of aryl groups include phenyl, naphatylenyl, fluorenyl, and anthracenyl.
  • Aryl does not encompass or overlap in any way with heteroaryl defined below. If one or more aryl groups are fused with a heteroaryl, the resulting ring system is heteroaryl. If one or more aryl groups are fused with a heterocyclyl, the resulting ring system is heterocyclyl.
  • Carbamoyl refers to both an “O-carbamoyl” group which refers to the group —O—C(O)NR y R z and an “N-carbamoyl” group which refers to the group —NR y C(O)OR z , wherein R y and R z are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, haloalkyl, or heteroaryl; each of which may be optionally substituted.
  • Carboxyl refers to —C(O)OH.
  • Carboxyl ester refers to both —OC(O)R and —C(O)OR, wherein R is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroalkyl, or heteroaryl; each of which may be optionally substituted, as defined herein.
  • Cycloalkyl refers to a saturated or partially unsaturated cyclic alkyl group having a single ring or multiple rings including fused, bridged, and spiro ring systems.
  • the term “cycloalkyl” includes cycloalkenyl groups (i.e. the cyclic group having at least one double bond).
  • cycloalkyl has from 3 to 20 ring carbon atoms (i.e., C 3-20 cycloalkyl), 3 to 12 ring carbon atoms (i.e., C 3-12 cycloalkyl), 3 to 10 ring carbon atoms (i.e., C 3-10 cycloalkyl), 3 to 8 ring carbon atoms (i.e., C 3-8 cycloalkyl), or 3 to 6 ring carbon atoms, C 3-6 cycloalkyl).
  • Examples of cycloalkyl groups include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, and cyclohexyl.
  • “Hydrazino” refers to —NHNH 2 .
  • Imino refers to a group —C(NR)R, wherein each R is alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroalkyl, or heteroaryl; each of which may be optionally substituted, as defined herein.
  • Halogen includes fluoro, chloro, bromo, and iodo.
  • Haloalkyl refers to an unbranched or branched alkyl group as defined above, wherein one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by a halogen. For example, where a residue is substituted with more than one halogen, it may be referred to by using a prefix corresponding to the number of halogen moieties attached.
  • Dihaloalkyl and trihaloalkyl refer to alkyl substituted with two (“di”) or three (“tri”) halo groups, which may be, but are not necessarily, the same halogen. Examples of haloalkyl include difluoromethyl (—CHF 2 ) and trifluoromethyl (—CF 3 ).
  • Heteroalkyl refers to an alkyl group in which one or more of the carbon atoms (and any associated hydrogen atoms) are each independently replaced with the same or different heteroatomic group.
  • the term “heteroalkyl” includes unbranched or branched saturated chain having carbon and heteroatoms. By way of example, 1, 2 or 3 carbon atoms may be independently replaced with the same or different heteroatomic group.
  • Heteroatomic groups include, but are not limited to, —NR—, —O—, —S—, —S(O)—, —S(O) 2 —, and the like, where R is H, alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl, each of which may be optionally substituted.
  • heteroalkyl groups include —OCH 3 , —CH 2 OCH 3 , —SCH 3 , —CH 2 SCH 3 , —NRCH 3 , and —CH 2 NRCH 3 , where R is hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroalkyl, or heteroaryl, each of which may be optionally substituted.
  • heteroalkyl include 1 to 10 carbon atoms, 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and 1 to 3 heteroatoms, 1 to 2 heteroatoms, or 1 heteroatom.
  • Heteroaryl refers to an aromatic group having a single ring, multiple rings, or multiple fused rings, with one or more ring heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • heteroaryl includes 1 to 20 ring carbon atoms (i.e., C 1-10 heteroaryl), 3 to 12 ring carbon atoms (i.e., C 3-12 heteroaryl), or 3 to 8 carbon ring atoms (i.e., C 3-8 heteroaryl); and 1 to 5 heteroatoms, 1 to 4 heteroatoms, 1 to 3 ring heteroatoms, 1 to 2 ring heteroatoms, or 1 ring heteroatom independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • heteroaryl groups include pyrimidinyl, purinyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, benzothiazolyl, and pyrazolyl.
  • fused-heteroaryl rings include, but are not limited to, benzo[d]thiazolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzo[b]thiophenyl, indazolyl, benzo[d]imidazolyl, pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridinyl, and imidazo[1,5-a]pyridinyl, where the heteroaryl can be bound via either ring of the fused system.
  • Heterocyclyl refers to a saturated or unsaturated cyclic alkyl group, with one or more ring heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
  • the term “heterocyclyl” includes heterocycloalkenyl groups (i.e. the heterocyclyl group having at least one double bond), bridged-heterocyclyl groups, fused-heterocyclyl groups, and spiro-heterocyclyl groups.
  • a heterocyclyl may be a single ring or multiple rings wherein the multiple rings may be fused, bridged, or spiro.
  • any non-aromatic ring containing at least one heteroatom is considered a heterocyclyl, regardless of the attachment (i.e., can be bound through a carbon atom or a heteroatom).
  • heterocyclyl is intended to encompass any non-aromatic ring containing at least one heteroatom, which ring may be fused to an aryl or heteroaryl ring, regardless of the attachment to the remainder of the molecule.
  • heterocyclyl has 2 to 20 ring carbon atoms (i.e., C 2-20 heterocyclyl), 2 to 12 ring carbon atoms (i.e., C 2-12 heterocyclyl), 2 to 10 ring carbon atoms (i.e., C 2-10 heterocyclyl), 2 to 8 ring carbon atoms (i.e., C 2-8 heterocyclyl), 3 to 12 ring carbon atoms (i.e., C 342 heterocyclyl), 3 to 8 ring carbon atoms (i.e., C 3-8 heterocyclyl), or 3 to 6 ring carbon atoms (i.e., C 3-6 heterocyclyl); having 1 to 5 ring heteroatoms, 1 to 4 ring heteroatoms, 1 to 3 ring heteroatoms, 1 to 2 ring heteroatoms, or 1 ring heteroatom independently selected from nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.
  • ring carbon atoms i.e., C 2-20 heterocyclyl
  • 2 to 12 ring carbon atoms i.
  • a heterocyclyl may contain one or more oxo and/or thioxo groups.
  • heterocyclyl groups include pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, oxetanyl, dioxolanyl, azetidinyl, and morpholinyl.
  • bridged-heterocyclyl refers to a four- to ten-membered cyclic moiety connected at two non-adjacent atoms of the heterocyclyl with one or more (e.g. 1 or 2) four- to ten-membered cyclic moiety having at least one heteroatom where each heteroatom is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • bridged-heterocyclyl includes bicyclic and tricyclic ring systems.
  • spiro-heterocyclyl refers to a ring system in which a three- to ten-membered heterocyclyl has one or more additional ring, wherein the one or more additional ring is three- to ten-membered cycloalkyl or three- to ten-membered heterocyclyl, where a single atom of the one or more additional ring is also an atom of the three- to ten-membered heterocyclyl.
  • spiro-heterocyclyl rings examples include bicyclic and tricyclic ring systems, such as 2-oxa-7-azaspiro[3.5]nonanyl, 2-oxa-6-azaspiro[3.4]octanyl, and 6-oxa-1-azaspiro[3.3]heptanyl.
  • fused-heterocyclyl rings include, but are not limited to, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, 1-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, 1-oxo-1,2-dihydroisoquinolinyl, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridinyl, indolinyl, and isoindolinyl, where the heterocyclyl can be hound via either ring of the fused system.
  • Hydrophilicity refers to the group —OH.
  • Hydrophilicityalkyl refers to an unbranched or branched alkyl group as defined above, wherein one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by a hydroxyl.
  • Oxo refers to the group ( ⁇ O) or (O).
  • Niro refers to the group NO 2 .
  • “Sulfonyl” refers to the group —S(O) 2 R, where R is alkyl, haloalkyl, heterocyclyl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, or aryl. Examples of sulfonyl are methylsulfonyl, ethylsulfonyl, phenylsulfonyl, and toluenesulfonyl.
  • Alkylsulfonyl refers to the group —S(O) 2 R, where R is alkyl.
  • Alkylsulfinyl refers to the group —S(O)R, where R is alkyl.
  • Thiol refers to the group —SR, where R is alkyl, haloalkyl, heterocyclyl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, or aryl.
  • Thioxo or “thione” refer to the group ( ⁇ S) or (S).
  • a divalent group such as a divalent “alkyl” group, a divalent “aryl” group, etc.
  • a divalent group such as a divalent “alkyl” group, a divalent “aryl” group, etc.
  • combinations of groups are referred to herein as one moiety, e.g. arylalkyl
  • the last-mentioned group contains the atom by which the moiety is attached to the rest of the molecule.
  • Tautomers are in equilibrium with one another.
  • amide containing compounds may exist in equilibrium with imidic acid tautomers. Regardless of which tautomer is shown, and regardless of the nature of the equilibrium among tautomers, the compounds are understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to comprise both amide and imidic acid tautomers. Thus, the amide containing compounds are understood to include their imidic acid tautomers. Likewise, the imidic acid containing compounds are understood to include their amide tautomers.
  • any formula or structure given herein is also intended to represent unlabeled forms as well as isotopically labeled forms of the compounds.
  • Isotopically labeled compounds have structures depicted by the formulas given herein except that one or more atoms are replaced by an atom having a selected atomic mass or mass number.
  • isotopes that can be incorporated into compounds of the disclosure include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, fluorine and chlorine, such as, but not limited to 2 H (deuterium, D), 3 H (tritium), 11 C, 13 C, 14 C, 15 N, 18 F, 31 P, 32 P, 35 S, 36 Cl and 125 I.
  • isotopically labeled compounds of the present disclosure for example those into which radioactive isotopes such as 3 H, 13 C and 14 C are incorporated.
  • isotopically labelled compounds may be useful in metabolic studies, reaction kinetic studies, detection or imaging techniques, such as positron emission tomography (PET) or single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) including drug or substrate tissue distribution assays or in radioactive treatment of patients.
  • PET positron emission tomography
  • SPECT single-photon emission computed tomography
  • the disclosure also includes “deuterated analogues” of compounds of Formula I in which from 1 to n hydrogens attached to a carbon atom is/are replaced by deuterium, in which n is the number of hydrogens in the molecule.
  • deuterated analogues of compounds of Formula I in which from 1 to n hydrogens attached to a carbon atom is/are replaced by deuterium, in which n is the number of hydrogens in the molecule.
  • Such compounds exhibit increased resistance to metabolism and are thus useful for increasing the half-life of any compound of Formula I when administered to a mammal, such as a human. See, for example, Foster, “Deuterium Isotope Effects in Studies of Drug Metabolism,” Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 5(12):524-527 (1984).
  • Such compounds are synthesized by means well known in the art, for example by employing starting materials in which one or more hydrogens have been replaced by deuterium.
  • Deuterium labelled or substituted therapeutic compounds of the disclosure may have improved DMPK (drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics) properties, relating to absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME). Substitution with heavier isotopes such as deuterium may afford certain therapeutic advantages resulting from greater metabolic stability, for example increased in vivo half-life, reduced dosage requirements and/or an improvement in therapeutic index.
  • An 18 F labeled compound may be useful for PET or SPECT studies.
  • Isotopically labeled compounds of this disclosure and prodrugs thereof can generally be prepared by carrying out the procedures disclosed in the schemes or in the examples and preparations described below by substituting a readily available isotopically labeled reagent for a non-isotopically labeled reagent. It is understood that deuterium in this context is regarded as a substituent in the compound of Formula I.
  • the concentration of such a heavier isotope, specifically deuterium may be defined by an isotopic enrichment factor.
  • any atom not specifically designated as a certain isotope is meant to represent any stable isotope of that atom.
  • a position is designated specifically as “H” or “hydrogen”, the position is understood to have hydrogen at its natural abundance isotopic composition.
  • any atom specifically designated as a deuterium (D) is meant to represent deuterium.
  • the compounds of this disclosure are capable of forming acid and/or base salts by virtue of the presence of amino and/or carboxyl groups or groups similar thereto.
  • “Pharmaceutically acceptable” or “physiologically acceptable” refer to compounds, salts, compositions, dosage forms and other materials which are useful in preparing a pharmaceutical composition that is suitable for veterinary or human pharmaceutical use.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a given compound refers to salts that retain the biological effectiveness and properties of the given compound, and which are not biologically or otherwise undesirable.
  • “Pharmaceutically acceptable salts” or “physiologically acceptable salts” include, for example, salts with inorganic acids and salts with an organic acid.
  • the free base can be obtained by basifying a solution of the acid salt.
  • an addition salt such as a pharmaceutically acceptable addition salt, may be produced by dissolving the free base in a suitable organic solvent and treating the solution with an acid, in accordance with conventional procedures for preparing acid addition salts from base compounds.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts may be prepared from inorganic and organic acids. Salts derived from inorganic acids include hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, and the like.
  • Salts derived from organic acids include acetic acid, propionic acid, glycolic acid, pyruvic acid, oxalic acid, malic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, mandelic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, p-toluene-sulfonic acid, salicylic acid, and the like.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salts can be prepared from inorganic and organic bases. Salts derived from inorganic bases include, by way of example only, sodium, potassium, lithium, ammonium, calcium and magnesium salts.
  • Salts derived from organic bases include, but are not limited to, salts of primary, secondary and tertiary amines, such as alkyl amines (i.e., NH 2 (alkyl)), dialkyl amines (i.e., HN(alkyl) 2 ), trialkyl amines (i.e., N(alkyl) 3 ), substituted alkyl amines (i.e., NH 2 (substituted alkyl)), di(substituted alkyl) amines (i.e., HN(substituted alkyl) 2 ), tri(substituted alkyl) amines (i.e., N(substituted alkyl) 3 ), alkenyl amines (i.e., NH 2 (alkenyl)), dialkenyl amines (i.e., HN(alkenyl) 2 ), trialkenyl amines (i.e.,
  • Suitable amines include, by way of example only, isopropylamine, trimethyl amine, diethyl amine, tri(iso-propyl) amine, tri(n-propyl) amine, ethanolamine, 2-dimethylaminoethanol, piperazine, piperidine, morpholine, N-ethylpiperidine, and the like.
  • substituted means that any one or more hydrogen atoms on the designated atom or group is replaced with one or more substituents other than hydrogen, provided that the designated atom's normal valence not exceeded.
  • the one or more substituents include, but are not limited to, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, acyl, amino, amido, amidino, aryl, azido, carbamoyl, carboxyl, carboxyl ester, cyano, guanidino, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, heteroalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, hydroxy, hydrazino, imino, oxo, nitro, alkylsulfinyl, sulfonic acid, alkylsulfonyl, thiocyanate, thiol, thione, or combinations thereof.
  • impermissible substitution patterns e.g., methyl substituted with 5 fluorines or heteroaryl groups having two adjacent oxygen ring atoms.
  • impermissible substitution patterns are well known to the skilled artisan.
  • substituted may describe other chemical groups defined herein. Unless specified otherwise, where a group is described as optionally substituted, any substituents of the group are themselves unsubstituted.
  • substituted alkyl refers to an alkyl group having one or more substituents including hydroxyl, halo, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl.
  • the one or more substituents may be further substituted with halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of which is substituted.
  • the substituents may be further substituted with halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, each of which is unsubstituted.
  • “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” or “pharmaceutically acceptable excipient” includes any and all solvents, dispersion media, coatings, antibacterial and antifungal agents, isotonic and absorption delaying agents and the like. The use of such media and agents for pharmaceutically active substances is well known in the art. Except insofar as any conventional media or agent is incompatible with the active ingredient, its use in the therapeutic compositions is contemplated. Supplementary active ingredients can also be incorporated into the compositions.
  • “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” or “pharmaceutically acceptable excipient” includes any and all solvents, dispersion media, coatings, antibacterial and antifungal agents, isotonic and absorption delaying agents and the like. The use of such media and agents for pharmaceutically active substances is well known in the art. Except insofar as any conventional media or agent is incompatible with the active ingredient, its use in the therapeutic compositions is contemplated. Supplementary active ingredients can also be incorporated into the compositions.
  • a “solvate” is formed by the interaction of a solvent and a compound. Solvates of salts of the compounds described herein are also provided. Hydrates of the compounds described herein are also provided.
  • Some embodiments provide a method of using (or administering) the compounds of Formula I, or additional Formula(s) described throughout, in the treatment of a disease or condition in a mammal, such as a human, that is amenable to treatment by a Cot modulator.
  • the compound of Formula I is represented by Formula IB:
  • R 1 -R 6 , R 15 and in are as described herein.
  • the compound of Formula I is represented by Formula IC:
  • R 1 -R 15 and m are as described herein.
  • m is 0. In certain embodiments, R 2 is hydrogen.
  • the compound of Formula I is represented by Formula II:
  • R 3a is hydrogen, C 1-9 alkyl, C 3-15 cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, wherein said C 1-9 alkyl, C 3-15 cycloalkyl, aryl, or heterocyclyl, may be optionally substituted with one to four substituents independently selected from the group consisting of cyano, halo, —O—R 12 , —C(O)—R 12 , —OC(O)—R 12 , —C(O)O—R 12 , —C(O)—N(R 13 )(R 14 ), —N(R 13 )(R 14 ), —N(R 13 ) 2 (R 14 ) + , —S(O) 2 —R 12 , —Si(R 12 ) 3 , C 1-9 alkyl, C 1-8 haloalkyl, C 3-15 cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, and heteroaryl, wherein
  • R 3a is hydrogen or C 1-9 alkyl; wherein said C 1-9 alkyl may be optionally substituted with one to four substituents independently selected from the group consisting of cyano, halo, —O—R 12 , —OC(O)—R 12 , —OC(O)—R 12 , —C(O)O—R 12 , —C(O)—N(R 13 )(R 14 ), —N(R 13 )(R 14 ), —N(R 13 ) 2 (R 14 ) + , —S(O) 2 —R 12 , —S(O) 2 —R 12 , —Si(R 12 ) 3 , C 1-8 haloalkyl, C 3-15 cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, and heteroaryl; and wherein said C 3-15 cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl may be optionally substituted with one to three substituents independently
  • R 3a is C 3-15 cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; wherein said C 1-9 alkyl, C 3-15 cycloalkyl, aryl, or heterocyclyl, may be optionally substituted with one to four substituents independently selected from the group consisting of cyano, halo, —O—R 12 , —C(O)—R 12 , —OC(O)—R 12 , —C(O)O—R 12 , —C(O)—N(R 13 )(R 14 ), —N(R 13 )(R 14 ), —N(R 13 ) 2 (R 14 ) + , —S(O) 2 —R 12 , —Si(R 12 ) 3 , C 1-9 alkyl, C 1-8 haloalkyl, C 3-15 cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, and heteroaryl; and wherein said C 1-9 alkyl,
  • R 3a is C 3-15 cycloalkyl optionally substituted with one to four substituents independently selected from the group consisting of cyano, halo, —O—R 12 , —C(O)O—R 12 , —OC(O)—R 12 , —N(R 13 )(R 14 ), —N(R 13 ) 2 (R 14 ) + , C 1-9 alkyl, C 1-8 haloalkyl, heterocyclyl, and) heteroaryl.
  • R 4 is aryl optionally substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from the group consisting of CN, halo, —O—R 12 , —C(O)—R 12 , —C(O)O—R 12 , —S(O) 2 —R 12 , —N(R 12 )C(O)—R 12 , —N(R 12 )S(O) 2 R 12 , —C(O)N(R 13 )(R 14 ), —N(R 13 )(R 14 ), C 1-9 alkyl, C 3-15 cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; wherein said C 1-9 alkyl, C 3-15 cycloalkyl, or heteroaryl may be optionally substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, —CN, —O—R 12 , —N(R 13 )(R 14 ), C 1-9 alkyl
  • R 4 is
  • R 4 is heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl optionally substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from the group consisting of cyano, halo and C 1-9 alkyl.
  • R 4 is heterocyclyl or heteroaryl; and said heterocyclyl or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from the group consisting of —CN, halo, —O—R 12 , —C(O)—R 12 , —N(R 13 )(R 14 ), C 1-9 alkyl, C 1-8 haloalkyl, and heterocyclyl.
  • R 4 is heteroaryl optionally substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from the group consisting of —CN, halo, —O—R 12 , —C(O)—R 12 , —N(R 13 )R 14 ), C 1-9 alkyl, C 1-8 haloalkyl, and heterocyclyl.
  • R 4 is heterocyclyl optionally substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from the group consisting of —CN, halo, —O—R 12 , —C(O)—R 12 , —N(R 13 )(R 14 ), C 1-9 alkyl, C 1-8 haloalkyl, and heterocyclyl, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • R 4 is
  • q 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4
  • Z 4 is independently selected from the group consisting of —CN, halo, —O—R 12 , —C(O)—R 12 , —N(R 13 )(R 14 ), C 1-9 alkyl, C 1-8 haloalkyl, and heterocyclyl.
  • R 4 is
  • q 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4
  • Z 4 is independently selected from the group consisting of —CN, halo, —O—R 12 , —C(O)—R 12 , —N(R 13 )(R 14 ), C 1-9 alkyl, C 1-8 haloalkyl, and heterocyclyl.
  • R 4 is
  • Z 4 is independently selected from the group consisting of —CN, halo, —O—R 12 , —C(O)—R 12 , —N(R 13 )(R 14 ), C 1-9 alkyl, C 1-8 haloalkyl, and heterocyclyl.
  • R 4 is
  • R 5 is hydrogen, halo, —CN, —O—R 7 , —S(O)—R 7 , —S(O) 2 R 7 , —S(O) 2 N(R 7 ) 2 , —C(O)R 7 , —C(O)N(R 7 ) 2 , C 1-9 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 3-15 cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl; wherein each C 1-9 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 3-15 cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, and heteroaryl may be optionally substituted with one to four Z 5 .
  • R 5 is hydrogen, halo, —CN, —C(O)R 7 , or heteroaryl. In one embodiment, R 5 is —CN, halo or —O—R 7 . In certain embodiments, R 5 is hydrogen, halo, —CN, —C(O)R 7 , —O—R 7 , —S(O) 2 R 7 or heteroaryl. In one embodiment, R 5 is halo.
  • R 5 is 1H-pyrazol-4-yl, 1-hydroxyethyl, 1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl, 4-(acetylamino)phenyl, 6-fluoropyridin-3-yl, methyl acetyl, bromo, chloro, cyano, cyclopropyl, dimethylaminocarbonyl, ethynyl, fluoro, iodo, methoxy, methyl, hydroxyl, phenyl, pyridin-3-yl, pyridin-4-yl, pyrimidin-5-yl, acetyl, methylsulfonyl or trifluoromethyl.
  • R 5 is chloro.
  • R 6 is —C(O)O—R 16 —OP(O)(OH) 2 .
  • R 6 is
  • R 6 is
  • R 6 is
  • R 6 is
  • R 16 is C 2-3 alkyl. In some embodiments, R 16 is methyl. In some embodiments, R 16 is ethyl. In some embodiments, R 16 is unsubstituted. In some embodiments, R 16 is substituted by one, two, three, or four methyl groups. In some embodiments, R 16 is substituted by one or two methyl groups. In some embodiments, R 16 is substituted by one or two cyclopropyl groups.
  • Z 9 is hydrogen
  • n is 0. In another embodiment, m is 1.
  • optical isomers, racemates, or other mixtures thereof of the compounds described herein or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or a mixture thereof can be obtained by asymmetric synthesis or by resolution. Resolution can be accomplished, for example, by conventional methods such as crystallization in the presence of a resolving agent, or chromatography, using for example, a chiral high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) column.
  • HPLC high pressure liquid chromatography
  • compositions provided herein can include a compound described herein or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, isomer, or a mixture thereof may include racemic mixtures, or mixtures containing an enantiomeric excess of one enantiomer or single diastereomers or diastereomeric mixtures. All such isomeric forms of these compounds are expressly included herein the same as if each and every isomeric form were specifically and individually listed.
  • compositions comprising a mixture of enantiomers (or diastereomers) of a compound described herein or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is also provided herein.
  • the composition comprises a single enantiomer of the compound and is substantially free of the other enantiomer.
  • the compound of Formula I (or another Formula as described herein) contains one or more additional stereogenic atom(s) (e.g., at R 1 and/or R 3 ). In such instances, the composition may contain a mixture of diastereomers.
  • the composition comprises a single enantiomer of the compound and is substantially free (i.e., having less than or about 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 1%, 0.05%, or 0.01%) of one or more diastereomers.
  • composition comprising a mixture of Formula IA-1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and Formula IB-1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the mixture is a racemic mixture.
  • the composition comprises a mixture of Formula IA-1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and Formula IB-1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Formula IA-1 is present in excess of over Formula IB-1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • provided is a composition substantially free of Formula IB-1, having less than or about 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 1%, 0.05%, or 0.01% of compounds of Formula IB-1.
  • the mixture comprises compounds of Formula IA-1 and IB-1 in a a molar ratio of at least or about 3:1, at least or about 4:1, at least or about 5:1, at least or about 6:1, at least or about 7:1, at least or about 8:1, at least or about 9:1, at least or about 10:1, at least or about 11:1, at least or about 12:1, at least or about 20:1, at least or about 30:1, at least or about 40:1, at least or about 80:1, at least or about 160:1, or at least or about 320:1, respectively.
  • chelates are also chelates, non-covalent complexes, and mixtures thereof, of the compounds described herein or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, prodrug, or deuterated analog thereof.
  • a “chelate” is formed by the coordination of a compound to a metal ion at two (or more) points.
  • a “non-covalent complex” is formed by the interaction of a compound and another molecule wherein a covalent bond is not formed between the compound and the molecule. For example, complexation can occur through van der Waals interactions, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic interactions (also called ionic bonding).
  • Treatment is an approach for obtaining beneficial or desired results including clinical results.
  • beneficial or desired clinical results may include one or more of the following: a) inhibiting the disease or condition (e.g., decreasing one or more symptoms resulting from the disease or condition, and/or diminishing the extent of the disease or condition); b) slowing or arresting the development of one or more clinical symptoms associated with the disease or condition (e.g., stabilizing the disease or condition, preventing or delaying the worsening or progression of the disease or condition, and/or preventing or delaying the spread (e.g., metastasis) of the disease or condition); and/or c) relieving the disease, that is, causing the regression of clinical symptoms (e.g., ameliorating the disease state, providing partial or total remission of the disease or condition, enhancing effect of another medication, delaying the progression of the disease, increasing the quality of life, and/or prolonging survival.
  • a) inhibiting the disease or condition e.g., decreasing one or more symptoms resulting from the disease or condition
  • Prevention means any treatment of a disease or condition that causes the clinical symptoms of the disease or condition not to develop.
  • Compounds may, in some embodiments, be administered to a subject (including a human) who is at risk or has a family history of the disease or condition.
  • Subject refers to an animal, such as a mammal (including a human), that has been or will be the object of treatment, observation or experiment. The methods described herein may be useful in human therapy and/or veterinary applications.
  • the subject is a mammal. In one embodiment, the subject is a human.
  • terapéuticaally effective amount or “effective amount” of a compound described herein or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, prodrug, or deuterated analog thereof means an amount sufficient to effect treatment when administered to a subject, to provide a therapeutic benefit such as amelioration of symptoms or slowing of disease progression.
  • a therapeutically effective amount may be an amount sufficient to decrease a symptom of a disease or condition responsive to inhibition of Cot activity.
  • the therapeutically effective amount may vary depending on the subject, and disease or condition being treated, the weight and age of the subject, the severity of the disease or condition, and the manner of administering, which can readily be determined by one or ordinary skill in the art.
  • inhibitortion indicates a decrease in the baseline activity of a biological activity or process.
  • “Inhibition of activity of Cot” or variants thereof refers to a decrease in activity in Cot as a direct or indirect response to the presence of a compound of the present application relative to the activity Cot in the absence of the compound of the present application.
  • “Inhibition of Cot” refers to a decrease in Cot activity as a direct or indirect response to the presence of a compound described herein relative to the activity of Cot in the absence of the compound described herein.
  • the inhibition of Cot activity may be compared in the same subject prior to treatment, or other subjects not receiving the treatment.
  • ex vivo means within a living individual, as within an animal or human. In this context, the methods described herein may be used therapeutically in an individual.
  • Ex vivo means outside of a living individual.
  • ex vivo cell populations include in vitro cell cultures and biological samples including fluid or tissue samples obtained from individuals. Such samples may be obtained by methods well known in the art. Exemplary biological fluid samples include blood, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, and saliva. Exemplary tissue samples include tumors and biopsies thereof. In this context, the compounds and compositions described herein may be used for a variety of purposes, including therapeutic and experimental purposes.
  • the compounds and compositions described herein may be used ex vivo to determine the optimal schedule and/or dosing of administration of a Cot inhibitor for a given indication, cell type, individual, and other parameters. Information gleaned from such use may be used for experimental purposes or in the clinic to set protocols for in vivo treatment. Other ex vivo uses for which the compounds and compositions described herein may be suited are described below or will become apparent to those skilled in the art.
  • the selected compounds may be further characterized to examine the safety or tolerance dosage in human or non-human subjects. Such properties may be examined using commonly known methods to those skilled in the art.
  • Non-limiting examples of diseases or conditions mediated by Cot include, without limitation, cancer, diabetes, and inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), sepsis, psoriasis, misregulated TNF expression, graft rejection, and liver disease.
  • RA rheumatoid arthritis
  • MS multiple sclerosis
  • IBD inflammatory bowel disease
  • sepsis sepsis
  • psoriasis misregulated TNF expression
  • graft rejection graft rejection
  • the methods are provided for alleviating a symptom of a disease or disorder mediated by Cot.
  • the methods include identifying a mammal having a symptom of a disease or disorder mediated by Cot, and providing to the mammal an amount of a compound as described herein effective to ameliorate (i.e., lessen the severity of) the symptom.
  • the disease or condition mediated by Cot is cancer.
  • the cancer is Burkitt's lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (iNHL), refractory iNHL, multiple myeloma (MM), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), B-cell ALL, acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), myeloproliferative disease (MPD), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), follicular lymphoma (FL), Waldestrom's macroglobulinemia (WM), T-cell lymphoma, B-cell lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLB
  • the cancer is minimal residual disease (MRD).
  • the cancer is selected from Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (iNHL), and refractory iNHL.
  • the cancer is indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (iNHL).
  • the cancer is refractory iNHL.
  • the cancer is chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).
  • the cancer is diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).
  • the cancer is a solid tumor is selected from the group consisting of pancreatic cancer; bladder cancer; colorectal cancer; breast cancer, including metastatic breast cancer; prostate cancer, including androgen-dependent and androgen-independent prostate cancer; kidney or renal cancer, including, e.g., metastatic renal cell carcinoma; hepatocellular cancer; lung cancer, including, e.g., non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC), and adenocarcinoma of the lung; ovarian cancer, including, e.g., progressive epithelial or primary peritoneal cancer; cervical cancer; gastric cancer; esophageal cancer; head and neck cancer, including, e.g., squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck; melanoma; neuroendocrine cancer, including metastatic neuroendocrine tumors; brain tumors, including, e.g., glioma, anaplastic oligodendroglioma, adult
  • the cancer stage includes but is not limited to early, advanced, locally advanced, remission, refractory, reoccurred after remission and progressive.
  • the disease or condition mediated by Cot is diabetes, which includes any metabolic disorder characterized by impaired insulin production and glucose tolerance.
  • diabetes includes type 1 and type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, prediabetes, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, impaired fasting glycaemia and impaired glucose tolerance.
  • Type 1 diabetes is also known as Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM).
  • IDDM Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
  • Type 2 is also known as Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM).
  • the disease or condition mediated by Cot is an inflammatory disease or LPS induced endotoxin shock. In some embodiments, the disease is an autoimmune disease.
  • the inflammatory disease is acid-induced lung injury, Addison's disease, adrenal hyperplasia, adrenocortical insufficiency, adult-onset Still's disease, adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), age-related macular degeneration, alcoholic hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, allergen-induced asthma, allergic bronchopulmonary, allergic conjunctivitis, allergic contact dermatitis, allergies, allergic encephalomyelitis, allergic neuritis, allograft rejection, alopecia, alopecia areata, Alzheimer's disease, amyloidosis, amylotrophic lateral sclerosis, angina pectoris, angioedema, angiofibroma, anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia-ill, anti-glomerular basement membrane disease, antigen-antibody complex mediated diseases, ankylosing spondylitis, antiphospholipid syndrome, aphthous stomatitis, appendicitis, arthritis, as
  • gut diseases hair loss, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, head injury, headache, hearing loss, heart disease, hemangioma, hemolytic anemia, hemophilic joints, Henoch-Scholein purpura, hepatitis, hereditary periodic fever syndrome, heritable disorders of connective tissue, herpes zoster and simplex, hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), hip replacement, Hodgkin's disease, Huntington's disease, hyaline membrane disease, hyperactive inflammatory response, hyperammonemia, hypercalcemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES), hyperimmunoglobulinemia D with recurrent fever (HIDS), hypersensitivity pneumonitis, hypertropic bone formation, hypoplastic and other anemias, hypoplastic anemia, ichthylosis, idiopathic demyelinating polyneuropathy, Idiopathic inflammatory mylopathies (dermatomylositis, polymylositis), idiopathic
  • the autoimmune disease is systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), myestenia gravis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, multiple sclerosis (MS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), sepsis, psoriasis, Sjoegren's syndrome, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, asthma, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), ankylosing spondylitis, acute gout and ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, monoarticular arthritis, osteoarthritis, gouty arthritis, juvenile arthritis, juvenile onset rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis or psoriatic arthritis.
  • the disease is inflammation.
  • the disease is excessive or destructive immune reactions, such as asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis
  • the disease or condition mediated by Cot is inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
  • IBD inflammatory bowel disease
  • IBD inflammatory bowel disease
  • the term “inflammatory bowel disease” or “IBD” as used herein is a collective term describing inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, the most common forms of which are ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.
  • IBD forms of IBD that can be treated with the presently disclosed compounds, compositions and methods include diversion colitis, ischemic colitis, infectious colitis, chemical colitis, microscopic colitis (including collagenous colitis and lymphocytic colitis), atypical colitis, pseudomembranous colitis, fulminant colitis, autistic enterocolitis, indeterminate colitis, Behçet's disease, gastroduodenal CD, jejunoileitis, ileitis, ileocolitis, Crohn's (granulomatous) colitis, irritable bowel syndrome, mucositis, radiation induced enteritis, short bowel syndrome, celiac disease, stomach ulcers, diverticulitis, pouchitis, proctitis, and chronic diarrhea.
  • diversion colitis ischemic colitis, infectious colitis, chemical colitis, microscopic colitis (including collagenous colitis and lymphocytic colitis), atypical colitis, pseudomembranous colitis, fulminant
  • Treating or preventing IBD also includes ameliorating or reducing one or more symptoms of IBD.
  • symptoms of IBD refers to detected symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, rectal bleeding, weight loss, fever, loss of appetite, and other more serious complications, such as dehydration, anemia and malnutrition. A number of such symptoms are subject to quantitative analysis (e.g. weight loss, fever, anemia, etc.). Some symptoms are readily determined from a blood test (e.g. anemia) or a test that detects the presence of blood (e.g. rectal bleeding).
  • the term “wherein said symptoms are reduced” refers to a qualitative or quantitative reduction in detectable symptoms, including but not limited to a detectable impact on the rate of recovery from disease (e.g. rate of weight gain).
  • the diagnosis is typically determined by way of an endoscopic observation of the mucosa, and pathologic examination of endoscopic biopsy specimens.
  • IBD The course of IBD can vary and can be associated with intermittent periods of disease remission and disease exacerbation.
  • Various methods have been described for characterizing disease activity and severity of IBD as well as response to treatment in subjects having IBD. Treatment according to the present methods are generally applicable to a subject having IBD of any level or degree of disease activity.
  • the disease or condition treated by the administration of a compound of composition described herein includes acute gout and ankylosing spondylitis, allergic disorders, Alzheimer's disease, Amylotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Amylotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis, atherosclerosis, bacterial infections, bone cancer pain and pain due to endometriosis, BRAF resistant melanoma, brain stem glioma or pituitary adenomas, burns, bursitis, cancer of the anal region, cancer of the endocrine system, cancer of the kidney or ureter (e.g.
  • renal cell carcinoma carcinoma of the renal pelvis cancer of the penis, cancer of the small intestine, cancer of the thyroid, cancer of the urethra, cancers of the blood such as acute myeloid leukemia, cancers of the tongue, carcinoma of the cervix, carcinoma of the endometrium, carcinoma of the fallopian tubes, carcinoma of the renal pelvis, carcinoma of the vagina or carcinoma of the vulva, chronic mueloid leukemia, chronic or acute leukemia, chronic pain, classic Bartter syndrome, common cold conjunctivitis, coronary heart disease, cutaneous or intraocular melanoma, dermatitis, dysmenorrhea, eczema, endometriosis, familial adenomatous polyposis, fibromyalgia, fungal infections, gout, gynecologic tumors, uterine sarcomas, carcinoma of the fallopian tubes, headache, hemophilic arthropathy, Parkinson's disease, AIDS, herpes
  • Criteria useful for assessment of disease activity in subjects with ulcerative colitis can be found in, e.g., Truelove et al. (1955) Br Med J 2:1041-1048. Using these criteria, disease activity can be characterized in a subject having IBD as mild disease activity or severe disease activity. Subjects who do not meet all the criteria for severe disease activity, and who exceed the criteria for mild disease activity are classified as having moderate disease activity.
  • the presently disclosed treatment methods can also be applied at any point in the course of the disease.
  • the methods are applied to a subject having IBD during a time period of remission (i.e., inactive disease).
  • the present methods provide benefit by extending the time period of remission (e.g., extending the period of inactive disease) or by preventing, reducing, or delaying the onset of active disease.
  • methods may be applied to a subject having IBD during a period of active disease. Such methods provide benefit by reducing the duration of the period of active disease, reducing or ameliorating one or more symptoms of IBD, or treating IBD.
  • Measures for determining efficacy of treatment of IBD in clinical practice have been described and include, for example, the following: symptom control; fistula closure; extent of corticosteroid therapy required; and, improvement in quality of life.
  • Heath-related quality of life can be assessed using the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ), which is extensively used in clinical practice to assess quality of life in a subject with IBD.
  • IBDQ Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire
  • the disease or condition is immune-mediated liver injury, disease or condition.
  • Tp12 can mediate immune related liver diseases or conditions. (Vyrla et. al., The Journal of Immunology, 2016, 196; Perugorria et. al., Hepatology, 2013; 57:1238-1249).
  • the disease or condition mediated by Cot is alcoholic hepatitis.
  • Alcoholic hepatitis is a clinical syndrome characterized by jaundice and liver failure that develops in subjects with chronic and active alcohol abuse. (See Akriviadis E. et. al, Ann Gastroenterol. 2016 April-June; 29(2): 236-237). Alcoholic hepatitis can cause cirrhosis and fibrosis of the liver cells.
  • Glucocorticoids e.g. prednisolone
  • phosophodiesterase inhibitors e.g. pentoxifylline
  • the compounds herein can be used as stand-alone treatments or in combination with the current treatments for alcoholic hepatitis.
  • the disease or condition mediated by Cot is systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), lupus nephritis, lupus-related, or other autoimmune disorders or a symptom of SLE.
  • SLE systemic lupus erythematosus
  • lupus nephritis lupus-related, or other autoimmune disorders or a symptom of SLE.
  • Symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus include joint pain, joint swelling, arthritis, fatigue, hair loss, mouth sores, swollen lymph nodes, sensitivity to sunlight, skin rash, headaches, numbness, tingling, seizures, vision problems, personality changes, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, abnormal heart rhythms, coughing up blood and difficulty breathing, patchy skin color and Raynaud's phenomenon.
  • the disease or condition mediated by Cot is acute or chronic liver failure, acute intrahepatic cholestatic conditions, of obstructive or chronic inflammatory disorders that arise out of improper bile composition, alcohol-induced cirrhosis and associated cholestasis, a cholestatic or fibrotic effect that is associated with alcohol-induced cirrhosis or with a viral-borne form of hepatitis, chemotherapy associated steatohepatitis (CASH), chronic intrahepatic or extrahepatic cholestatic condition, a chronic or obstructive inflammatory disorder of the liver, congential hepatic fibrosis, a lipid disorder or lipoprotein disorder, liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, liver failure or liver ischemia after major liver resection, liver steatosis or an associated syndrome, liver ischemia after major liver resection, a neoplastic disease of the gastrointestinal tract or liver, Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (CASH), chronic
  • the disease or condition mediated by Cot is diabetic kidney disease (DKD).
  • DKD diabetic kidney disease
  • the compounds disclosed herein may be used in combination with one or more additional therapeutic agents.
  • the additional therapeutic agent(s) are being used and/or developed to treat inflammatory disorders (e.g., IBD).
  • the one or more additional therapeutic agents may be Beta adrenoceptor antagonists, Beta-glucuronidase inhibitors, Bradykinin receptor modulators, Calcineurin inhibitors, Calcium channel inhibitors, Cathepsin S inhibitors, CCR3 chemokine antagonists, CD40 ligand receptor antagonists, Chemokine CXC ligand inhibitors, CHST15 gene inhibitors, Collagen modulators, CSF-1 antagonists, Cyclooxygenase inhibitors, Cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitors, Eotaxin ligand inhibitors, EP4 prostanoid receptor agonists, Fractalkine ligand inhibitors, Free fatty acid receptor 2 antagonists, GATA 3 transcription factor inhibitors, Glucagon-like peptide 2 agonists, Glucocorticoid agonists, Guanylate cyclase receptor agonists, Histone deacet
  • Exemplary additional therapeutic agents include ABX-464, adalimumab; alicaforsen, ALLO-ASC-CD, AMG-966, anakinra, apremilast; Alequel; AMG-139; amiselimod, ASD-003, ASP-3291, AX-1505, BBT-401, balsalazide; beclomethasone dipropionate; BI-655130, BMS-986184; budesonide; CEQ-508; certolizumab; Clostridium butyricum ; ChAdOx2-HAV, dexamethasone sodium phosphate, DNVX-078, etanercept; ETX-201, golimumab; infliximab; mesalazine, HLD-400, LYC-30937 EC; IONIS-JBI1-2.5Rx, JNJ-64304500, naltrexone; natalizumab; nei
  • the additional therapeutic agent(s) includes one or more Alpha-fetoprotein modulator, such as ACT-101; Beta adrenoceptor antagonists, such as NM-001; Calcineurin inhibitors, such as tacrolimus; Carbohydrate metabolism modulators, such as ASD-003; Cathepsin S inhibitors, such as VBY-129; CD40 ligand receptor antagonists, such as FFP-104, BI-655064; Chemokine CXC ligand inhibitors, such as LY-3041658; CHST15 gene inhibitors, such as STNM-01; Collagen modulators, such as ECCS-50 (DCCT-10); CSF-1 antagonists, such as JNJ-40346527 (PRV-6527); CX3CR1 chemokine modulator, such as E-6130; Ecobiotic, such as SER-287; Eotaxin ligand inhibitors, such as bertilimumab; EP4 prostanoid receptor agonists, such as KAG
  • the one or more additional therapeutic agent may be a ⁇ 4 ⁇ 7 integrin inhibitor, or an agent that inhibits the expression and/or activity of ⁇ 4 ⁇ 7 integrin.
  • the inhibitor can be small molecule or biologic.
  • the ⁇ 4 ⁇ 7 integrin inhibitor can be natalizumab or vedolizumab.
  • the one or more additional therapeutic agent may be a steroid, including but not limited to, corticosteroids.
  • Corticosteroids may be administered by various routes, including intravenously (i.e., methylprednisolone, hydrocortisone), orally (i.e., prednisone, prednisolone, budesonide, dexamethasone), or topically (i.e., enema, suppository, or foam preparations).
  • the one or more additional therapeutic agent may be an MMP9 inhibitor, or an agent that inhibits the expression and/or activity of MMP9.
  • a representative protein sequence for MMP9 is GenBank Accession No. NP_004985.
  • the inhibitor can be small molecule or biologic.
  • SB-3CT CAS 292605-14-2
  • siRNA, antisense RNA and antibodies have also been demonstrated to inhibit the expression or activity of MMP9 and are within the scope of the present disclosure.
  • an MMP9 inhibitor is a monoclonal anti-MMP9 antibody.
  • the one or more additional therapeutic agent includes an MMP9 inhibitor and a nucleoside analog such as gemcitabine.
  • the one or more additional therapeutic agent may be a Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor (S1P1) inhibitor, or an agent that inhibits the expression and/or activity of S1P1.
  • S1P1 inhibitor can be small molecule or biologic.
  • the S1P1 inhibitor can be RPC1063.
  • the one or more additional therapeutic agent may be a TNF inhibitor, or an agent that inhibits the expression and/or activity of TNF.
  • the inhibitor can be small molecule or biologic.
  • the TNF inhibitor can be golimumab.
  • the one or more additional therapeutic agent is being used and/or developed to treat ulcerative colitis (UC) and/or Crohn disease (CD).
  • the agent can be a biologic or small molecule.
  • the agent is a modulator (e.g., agonist or antagonist) of alpha-fetoprotein, beta adrenoceptor, calcineurin, carbohydrate metabolism, cathepsin S, S1P1, IL-6, CX3CL1, DHODH, ⁇ 4, ⁇ 7, JAK, TNF, CB, IL-12/IL-23, CCL20, TLR9, MAdCAM, CCR9, CXCL10, Smad7, PDE4, MC, VLA-1, GC, GATA-3, Eotaxin, FFA2, LIGHT, FMS, MMP9, CD40, Steroid, 5-ASA, Immunomod, STATS, and/or EP4.
  • a modulator e.g., agonist or antagonist
  • the additional therapeutic agent(s) are being used and/or developed to treat IBD.
  • agents being used and/or developed to treat IBD include ABX-464, adalimumab; alicaforsen, ALLO-ASC-CD, AMG-966, anakinra, apremilast; Alequel; AMG-139; amiselimod, ASD-003, ASP-3291, AX-1505, BBT-401, balsalazide; beclomethasone dipropionate; BI-655130, BMS-986184; budesonide; CEQ-508; certolizumab; Clostridium butyricum ; ChAdOx2-HAV, dexamethasone sodium phosphate, DNVX-078, etanercept; ETX-201, golimumab; infliximab; mesalazine, HLD-400, LYC-30937 EC; IONIS-J
  • Non-limiting examples of agents being used and/or developed to treat ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn disease (CD) include PF-06410293 (by Pfizer), SAN-300 (VLA-1 modulator, by Salix), SAR252067 (LIGHT modulator, by Sanofi), PF-00547659 (MAdCAM modulator, by Pfizer), Eldelumab (Smad7 modulator, by BMS), AMG 181/MEDI-7183 ( ⁇ 7 modulator, by Amgen/AstraZeneca), Etrolizumab ((37 modulator, by Roche), Ustekinumab (IL-12/IL-23 modulator, by J&J), Remicade (TNF modulator, by J&J and Merck), Entyvio ( ⁇ 7 modulator, by Takeda), Humira (TNF modulator, by Abbvie), Infliximab (by Celtrion), PF-06651600 (by Pfizer), GSK2982772 (by GSK), GLPG
  • the one or more additional therapeutic agent may be a JAK inhibitor, such as a JAK-1 selective inhibitor.
  • the inhibitor can be small molecule or biologic.
  • the JAK inhibitor can be Filgotinib, GLPG0634 (JAK modulator, by Galapagos).
  • the one or more additional therapeutic agents is/are a(n) ACE inhibitor, Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor, Acetyl CoA carboxylase inhibitor, Acetyl CoA carboxylase inhibitor, Diacylglycerol 0 acyltransferase 2 inhibitor, Adenosine A3 receptor agonist, Adiponectin receptor agonist, Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 stimulator, AKT protein kinase inhibitor, AMP-activated protein kinases (AMPK), AMP kinase activator, ATP citrate lyase inhibitor, AMP activated protein kinase stimulator, Endothelial nitric oxide synthase stimulator, NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-1 stimulator, Androgen receptor agonist, Amylin receptor agonist, Angiotensin II AT-1 receptor antagonist, Autophagy protein modulator, Autotaxin inhibitors, Axl tyrosine
  • the additional therapeutic agent(s) may include A-4250, AC-3174, acetylsalicylic acid, AK-20, alipogene tiparvovec, AMX-342, AN-3015, aramchol, ARI-3037MO, ASP-8232, AZD-2693, bertilimumab, Betaine anhydrous, BI-1467335, BMS-986036, BMS-986171, BMT-053011, BOT-191, BTT-1023, CAT-2003, cenicriviroc, CBW-511, CER-209, CF-102, CGS21680, CNX-014, CNX-023, CNX-024, CNX-025, cobiprostone, colesevelam, dapagliflozin, DCR-LIV1, deuterated pioglitazone R-enantiomer, 2,4-dinitrophenol, DRX-065, DS-102, DUR-928, EDP-305,
  • kits that include a compound described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, prodrug, or deuterated analog thereof, and suitable packaging.
  • a kit further includes instructions for use.
  • a kit includes a compound of Formula I (or any other Formula described herein), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, prodrug, or deuterated analog thereof, and a label and/or instructions for use of the compounds in the treatment of the indications, including the diseases or conditions, described herein.
  • articles of manufacture that include a compound described herein or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, prodrug, or deuterated analog thereof in a suitable container.
  • the container may be a vial, jar, ampoule, preloaded syringe, and intravenous bag.
  • compositions that contain one or more of the compounds described herein or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, prodrug, or deuterated analog thereof and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable vehicles selected from carriers, adjuvants and excipients.
  • Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable vehicles may include, for example, inert solid diluents and fillers, diluents, including sterile aqueous solution and various organic solvents, permeation enhancers, solubilizers and adjuvants.
  • Such compositions are prepared in a manner well known in the pharmaceutical art.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions may be administered in either single or multiple doses.
  • the pharmaceutical composition may be administered by various methods including, for example, rectal, buccal, intranasal and transdermal routes.
  • the pharmaceutical composition may be administered by intra-arterial injection, intravenously, intraperitoneally, parenterally, intramuscularly, subcutaneously, orally, topically, or as an inhalant.
  • Oral administration may be another route for administration of the compounds described herein. Administration may be via, for example, capsule or enteric coated tablets.
  • the active ingredient is usually diluted by an excipient and/or enclosed within such a carrier that can be in the form of a capsule, sachet, paper or other container.
  • the excipient serves as a diluent, it can be in the form of a solid, semi-solid, or liquid material, which acts as a vehicle, carrier or medium for the active ingredient.
  • compositions can be in the form of tablets, pills, powders, lozenges, sachets, cachets, elixirs, suspensions, emulsions, solutions, syrups, aerosols (as a solid or in a liquid medium), ointments containing, for example, up to 10% by weight of the active compound, soft and hard gelatin capsules, sterile injectable solutions, and sterile packaged powders.
  • excipients include lactose, dextrose, sucrose, sorbitol, mannitol, starches, gum acacia, calcium phosphate, alginates, tragacanth, gelatin, calcium silicate, microcrystalline cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, cellulose, sterile water, syrup, and methyl cellulose.
  • the formulations can additionally include lubricating agents such as talc, magnesium stearate, and mineral oil; wetting agents; emulsifying and suspending agents; preserving agents such as methyl and propylhydroxy-benzoates; sweetening agents; and flavoring agents.
  • compositions that include at least one compound described herein or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, prodrug, or deuterated analog thereof can be formulated so as to provide quick, sustained or delayed release of the active ingredient after administration to the subject by employing procedures known in the art.
  • Controlled release drug delivery systems for oral administration include osmotic pump systems and dissolutional systems containing polymer-coated reservoirs or drug-polymer matrix formulations. Examples of controlled release systems are given in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,845,770; 4,326,525; 4,902,514; and 5,616,345.
  • Another formulation for use in the methods disclosed herein employ transdermal delivery devices (“patches”).
  • transdermal patches may be used to provide continuous or discontinuous infusion of the compounds described herein in controlled amounts.
  • the construction and use of transdermal patches for the delivery of pharmaceutical agents is well known in the art. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,023,252, 4,992,445 and 5,001,139.
  • Such patches may be constructed for continuous, pulsatile, or on demand delivery of pharmaceutical agents.
  • the principal active ingredient may be mixed with a pharmaceutical excipient to form a solid preformulation composition containing a homogeneous mixture of a compound described herein or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, prodrug, or deuterated analog thereof.
  • a pharmaceutical excipient for preparing solid compositions such as tablets, the principal active ingredient may be mixed with a pharmaceutical excipient to form a solid preformulation composition containing a homogeneous mixture of a compound described herein or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, prodrug, or deuterated analog thereof.
  • the active ingredient may be dispersed evenly throughout the composition so that the composition may be readily subdivided into equally effective unit dosage forms such as tablets, pills and capsules.
  • the tablets or pills of the compounds described herein may be coated or otherwise compounded to provide a dosage form affording the advantage of prolonged action, or to protect from the acid conditions of the stomach.
  • the tablet or pill can include an inner dosage and an outer dosage component, the latter being in the form of an envelope over the former.
  • the two components can be separated by an enteric layer that serves to resist disintegration in the stomach and permit the inner component to pass intact into the duodenum or to be delayed in release.
  • enteric layers or coatings such materials including a number of polymeric acids and mixtures of polymeric acids with such materials as shellac, cetyl alcohol, and cellulose acetate.
  • compositions for inhalation or insufflation may include solutions and suspensions in pharmaceutically acceptable, aqueous or organic solvents, or mixtures thereof, and powders.
  • the liquid or solid compositions may contain suitable pharmaceutically acceptable excipients as described herein.
  • the compositions are administered by the oral or nasal respiratory route for local or systemic effect.
  • compositions in pharmaceutically acceptable solvents may be nebulized by use of inert gases. Nebulized solutions may be inhaled directly from the nebulizing device or the nebulizing device may be attached to a facemask tent, or intermittent positive pressure breathing machine. Solution, suspension, or powder compositions may be administered, preferably orally or nasally, from devices that deliver the formulation in an appropriate manner.
  • a dosage may be expressed as a number of milligrams of a compound described herein per kilogram of the subject's body weight (mg/kg). Dosages of between about 0.1 and 150 mg/kg may be appropriate. In some embodiments, about 0.1 and 100 mg/kg may be appropriate. In other embodiments a dosage of between 0.5 and 60 mg/kg may be appropriate.
  • Normalizing according to the subject's body weight can be useful when adjusting dosages between subjects of widely disparate size, such as occurs when using the drug in both children and adult humans or when converting an effective dosage in a non-human subject such as dog to a dosage suitable for a human subject.
  • the daily dosage may also be described as a total amount of a compound described herein administered per dose or per day.
  • Daily dosage of a compound of Formula I may be between about 1 mg and 4,000 mg, between about 2,000 to 4,000 mg/day, between about 1 to 2,000 mg/day, between about 1 to 1,000 mg/day, between about 10 to 500 mg/day, between about 20 to 500 mg/day, between about 50 to 300 mg/day, between about 75 to 200 mg/day, or between about 15 to 150 mg/day.
  • a compound a daily dosage of a compound of Formula I, or another formula described herein is between about 150 mg/day and 1000 mg/day.
  • the total daily dosage for a human subject may be between 1 mg and 1,000 mg, between about 1,000-2,000 mg/day, between about 10-500 mg/day, between about 50-300 mg/day, between about 75-200 mg/day, or between about 100-150 mg/day.
  • the compounds of the present application or the compositions thereof may be administered once, twice, three, or four times daily, using any suitable mode described above. Also, administration or treatment with the compounds may be continued for a number of days; for example, commonly treatment would continue for at least 7 days, 14 days, or 28 days, for one cycle of treatment. Treatment cycles are well known in cancer chemotherapy and are frequently alternated with resting periods of about 1 to 28 days, commonly about 7 days or about 14 days, between cycles. The treatment cycles, in other embodiments, may also be continuous.
  • the method comprises administering to the subject an initial daily dose of about 1 to 800 mg of a compound described herein and increasing the dose by increments until clinical efficacy is achieved. Increments of about 5, 10, 25, 50, or 100 mg can be used to increase the dose. The dosage can be increased daily, every other day, twice per week, or once per week.
  • Typical embodiments of compounds described herein may be synthesized using the general reaction schemes described below. It will be apparent given the description herein that the general schemes may be altered by substitution of the starting materials with other materials having similar structures to result in products that are correspondingly different. Descriptions of syntheses follow to provide numerous examples of how the starting materials may vary to provide corresponding products. Given a desired product for which the substituent groups are defined, the necessary starting materials generally may be determined by inspection. Starting materials are typically obtained from commercial sources or synthesized using published methods. For synthesizing compounds which are embodiments described in the present disclosure, inspection of the structure of the compound to be synthesized will provide the identity of each substituent group. The identity of the final product will generally render apparent the identity of the necessary starting materials by a simple process of inspection, given the examples herein. In general, compounds described herein are typically stable and isolatable at room temperature and pressure.
  • the compounds of this disclosure can be prepared from readily available starting materials using, for example, the following general methods and procedures. It will be appreciated that where typical or preferred process conditions (i.e., reaction temperatures, times, mole ratios of reactants, solvents, pressures, etc.) are given, other process conditions can also be used unless otherwise stated. Optimum reaction conditions may vary with the specified reactants or solvent used, but such conditions can be determined by one skilled in the art by routine optimization procedures.
  • protecting groups may be necessary to prevent certain functional groups from undergoing undesired reactions.
  • Suitable protecting groups for various functional groups as well as suitable conditions for protecting and deprotecting certain functional groups are well known in the art. For example, numerous protecting groups are described in T. W. Greene and G. M. Wuts (1999) Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis, 3rd Edition, Wiley, New York, and references cited therein.
  • the compounds of this disclosure may contain one or more chiral centers. Accordingly, if desired, such compounds can be prepared or isolated as pure stereoisomers, i.e., as individual enantiomers or diastereomers or as stereoisomer-enriched mixtures. All such stereoisomers (and enriched mixtures) are included within the scope of this disclosure, unless otherwise indicated. Pure stereoisomers (or enriched mixtures) may be prepared using, for example, optically active starting materials or stereoselective reagents well-known in the art. Alternatively, racemic mixtures of such compounds can be separated using, for example, chiral column chromatography, chiral resolving agents, and the like.
  • the starting materials for the following reactions are generally known compounds or can be prepared by known procedures or obvious modifications thereof.
  • many of the starting materials are available from commercial suppliers such as Aldrich Chemical Co. (Milwaukee, Wis., USA), Bachem (Torrance, Calif., USA), Emka-Chemce or Sigma (St. Louis, Mo., USA).
  • solvent generally refers to a solvent inert under the conditions of the reaction being described in conjunction therewith (including, for example, benzene, toluene, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), dimethylformamide (DMF), chloroform, methylene chloride (or dichloromethane), diethyl ether, methanol, and the like).
  • solvents are inert organic solvents, and the reactions may carried out under an inert gas, preferably argon or nitrogen.
  • q.s. means adding a quantity sufficient to achieve a stated function, e.g., to bring a solution to the desired volume (i.e., 100%).
  • Compounds of Formula I can be prepared by first providing a substituted quinoline core, and optionally further modifying the core as desired to provide the substituents disclosed herein.
  • Scheme 1 shows the preparation of a quinoline core to provide compounds of Formula 1-e, where m, R 5 and R 15 are as defined herein, or are a functional group that can be converted thereto using standard reaction conditions.
  • Suitable solvent e.g., DMF, etc.
  • catalyst e.g., Cs 2 CO 3 , etc.
  • elevated temperature e.g., about 40-50° C.
  • Compound 1-c is then converted to 1-d under thermal cyclization conditions (i.e., about 250° C.) or under microwave conditions.
  • Chlorination of 1-d to provide 1-e is achieved using a suitable chlorinating agent (e.g., POCl 3 , SOCl 2 , etc.) at an elevated temperature (e.g., about 110-120° C.) in the presence of a base (e.g.
  • pyridine dimethylaniline, diethylaniline, etc.
  • a catalyst e.g., DMF, DEF, etc.
  • a suitable solvent e.g. chlorobenzene, CH 3 CN, etc.
  • solvent-free conditions i.e., neat
  • Scheme 2 shows a synthesis of compounds of Formula 2-c and 2-d where m, R 1 , R 2 , R 5 and R 15 are as defined herein.
  • Scheme 3 shows the synthesis of compounds 3-d and 3-e, where R 4 is as defined herein.
  • deuterated 3-c is provided by reducing suitably substituted aldehyde 3-a with a deuteride-containing reducing agent (e.g., NaBD 4 ), followed by oxidation of 3-b to the corresponding aldehyde 3-c under standard oxidizing conditions (e.g., MnO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , NiO, CuO, ZnO, ZrO 2 , La 2 O 3 , Sm 2 O 3 , Eu 2 O 3 , Yb 2 O 3 , etc.).
  • a deuteride-containing reducing agent e.g., NaBD 4
  • standard oxidizing conditions e.g., MnO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , NiO, CuO, ZnO, ZrO 2 , La 2 O 3 , Sm 2 O 3 , Eu 2 O 3 , Yb 2 O 3 , etc.
  • Compound 3-d is obtained in two steps by reaction of 3-c with ethynyl Grignard, followed by acylation of the resulting alcohol with acetic anhydride in the presence of a base (e.g., pyridine, TEA, etc.).
  • a base e.g., pyridine, TEA, etc.
  • Compound 3-e is provided in a similar two-step process by reacting suitably substituted aldehyde 3-a with ethynyl Grignard, followed by acylation of the resulting alcohol with acetic anhydride.
  • Scheme 4 shows a synthesis of suitably protected azide compounds of Formula 4-b, where Lg is a leaving group and R 3a is as defined herein.
  • amine 4-a is treated with a diazo transfer agent (e.g., imidazole-1-sulfonyl azide hydrochloride) to afford corresponding 4-b.
  • a diazo transfer agent e.g., imidazole-1-sulfonyl azide hydrochloride
  • 4-b may be obtained in two steps from alcohol 4-c by conversion of the hydroxyl moiety to a suitable leaving group (Lg) (e.g., TsO—, MsO—, NsO—, TfO—, etc.) followed by nucleophilic displacement with azide.
  • Lg suitable leaving group
  • Scheme 5 shows a synthesis of intermediate compounds of Formula 5-c, where R 50 is alkyl and R 3a is as defined herein.
  • Scheme 6 shows an exemplary synthesis of compounds of 6b and 6c, where R 3a , m, R 1 , R 2 , R 4 , R 5 and R 15 are as defined herein.
  • compounds of Formula 6-c can be provided via N-alkylation of amine 2-d with 3-d (or 3-e), followed by cyclization with azide 4-b under standard 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition conditions. Separation of the isomers of Formula 6-a to give compounds of Formula 6-b can be performed using standard chiral separation/resolution techniques (e.g., chiral chromatography, crystallization, etc.).
  • compounds of Formula 6-b can be provided via enantioselective N-alkylation of 2-d with 3-d (or 3-e) using a chiral metal complex (e.g., [Cu(CH 3 CN) 4 ]PF 6 , CuOTf.benzene, Cu(OAc) 2 , or Cu(I)I, etc., with a chiral ligand).
  • a chiral metal complex e.g., [Cu(CH 3 CN) 4 ]PF 6 , CuOTf.benzene, Cu(OAc) 2 , or Cu(I)I, etc.
  • Suitable reaction conditions and exemplary chiral ligands/complexes can be found in the literature (see, e.g., Detz, et al. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 3777-3780).
  • Contacting compound 6-c with azide 4-b under standard 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition conditions provide compound 6-b. 6-c may
  • Scheme 7 shows an alternate synthesis, leading to compound 7-g via imine formation and subsequent nucleophilic addition, where R 3a , m, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 15 are as defined herein.
  • amine 2-d is reacted with aldehyde 7-a to afford the corresponding imine 7-b under standard imine-forming conditions.
  • Compound 7-b is then reacted with Grignard reagent 7-c to provide Formula I.
  • 2-d can be reacted with aldehyde 7-d to afford imine 7-e, which is then reacted with ethynyl Grignard to provide compound 7-f.
  • Compound 7-f can then be converted to compound 7-g under standard 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition conditions with 4-b as shown in Scheme 6.
  • resolution of the isomers of Formula I or compound 7-g can be performed using standard chiral separation/resolution conditions (e.g., chiral chromatography, crystallization, etc.).
  • Scheme 8 shows another synthesis leading to compound 8-c, where m, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 15 are as defined herein.
  • amine 2-d is reacted with appropriately substituted 8-a under nucleophilic substitution conditions, where Lg is a suitable leaving group, such as a halide (e.g., fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo) or an activated alcohol (e.g., AcO—, TsO—, TfO—, MsO—, etc.) in the presence of a base, to provide compound of Formula I.
  • amine 2-d is reacted with ketone 8-b to provide 8-c, which is subsequently reduced to provide compound of 8-c.
  • Resolution of the isomers of Formula I can be performed using standard chiral separation/resolution conditions (e.g., chiral chromatography, crystallization, etc.).
  • Scheme 9 shows a synthesis leading to compound 9-e, where m, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 15 are as defined herein.
  • amine 6-b is reacted with appropriately substituted chloroformate 9-a, using a suitable solvent (e.g., DCM, etc.) and base (e.g., proton sponge, etc.) to give compound 9-b.
  • a suitable solvent e.g., DCM, etc.
  • base e.g., proton sponge, etc.
  • Compound 9-b is then reacted with a suitable nucleophile 9-c (e.g., acetates, phosphates, etc.) and an iodide salt (e.g., tetrabutylammonium iodide, etc.), followed by a deprotection step if necessary to give compound 9-e.
  • a suitable nucleophile 9-c e.g., acetates, phosphates, etc.
  • an iodide salt e.g., tetrabutylammonium iodide, etc.
  • Amine 6-b can also be reacted with 1,1′-Carbonyldiimidazole in a suitable solvent (e.g., DMF, etc.), excess base (e.g., NaH, etc.), and an appropriately substituted alcohol to give compound 9-g.
  • a suitable solvent e.g., DMF, etc.
  • excess base e.g., NaH, etc.
  • an appropriately substituted alcohol e.g., 1,1′-Carbonyldiimidazole
  • the flask was charged with tetrahydrofuran (40 mL), copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate (1.2 g, 4.6 mmol), sodium ascorbate (2.7 g, 13.8 mmol), and water (16 mL). To the mixture was added the azide solution from above over 10 min in quarter portions. The mixture was stirred at 22° C. for 18 hours. The reaction was quenched with tributylphosphine (3.4 ml, 13.8 mmol). After stirring for 20 minutes, the mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (160 mL) and washed with 0.5M aqueous HCl (160 mL).
  • the organic layer was stirred with 0.5M ammonium hydroxide (160 mL) for 3 hours.
  • the organic layer was dried with Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, and concentrated.
  • the crude product was diluted with ethyl acetate (15 mL) and the mixture was heated to 50° C.
  • To the mixture was added methyl tert-butyl ether (150 mL).
  • the solution was cooled to 20° C. and stirred for 18 hours.
  • the solids were filtered, washed with (10:1 MTBE:EtOAc) and dried under vacuum.
  • the filtrate was concentrated, purified by silica chromatography, and the purified product was precipitated from ethyl acetate and methyl tert-butyl ether.
  • the products were combined to give the titled compound.
  • the mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (10 mL) and washed with saturated NaHCO 3 (aq, 5 mL), and brine (5 mL).
  • the organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate and treated with thiol functionalized silica to remove residual palladium.
  • the solvent was removed under reduced pressure.
  • the residue was subjected to flash chromatography using ethyl acetate and hexanes. The fractions containing product were combined and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure.
  • GI S9 stability assays were performed. Generally, a substrate concentration of 2 ⁇ M was used, a protein concentration of 1.0 mg/mL intestinal S9 was used, and a reaction buffer of 1 ⁇ phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was used. Intestinal S9 was provided by BioIVT (dog) or Xenotech (human). Reaction compositions contained 5 ⁇ L of compound of interest (prepared as 100 ⁇ M stock solution, 1:1 ACN:H 2 O) and 245 ⁇ L of intestinal S9 solution (S9 was diluted with 1 ⁇ PBS to a protein concentration of 1.02 mg/ML) and were provided as 250 ⁇ L total volume per well.
  • PBS phosphate buffered saline
  • aqueous solubility of compounds over a time of 2.5 hours was assessed. Solubility was determined at ambient temperature in buffered fasted-state simulated intestinal fluid (FaSSIF, pH 6.5) and buffered fed-state simulated intestinal fluid (FeSSIF, pH 5.0) prepared in-house using BioRelevant Simulated Intestinal Fluid (SIF) powder. Solids were added to FaSSIF or FeSSIF in 1.5-mL Eppendorf tubes, sonicated for 1 minute, then agitated for 2.5 hours in an Eppendorf ThermoMixer C.
  • FaSSIF buffered fasted-state simulated intestinal fluid
  • FeSSIF buffered fed-state simulated intestinal fluid
  • SIF BioRelevant Simulated Intestinal Fluid
  • Plasma stability assays were performed in human and dog. Duplicate sets were performed with a tecan liquid handler or with cluster tubes in a heat block. Generally, a substrate concentration of 2 ⁇ M was used. Plasma in sodium EDTA was provided by BioIVT as whole plasma with K2 EDA as anti-coagulent. Reaction compositions were prepared by combining 6 ⁇ L compound (compound (100 ⁇ M stock solution, 1:1 ACN:H 2 O) with 294 ⁇ L plasma in an incubation well of a plate. Samples were assessed at time points of 3 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, and 4 hours.
  • FIG. 1 shows plasma concentrations of Compound A (nM) during a 72 hour time period after dosing with either Compound B or Compound A using the previously described powder in capsule formulation.
  • the AUC 0-72 h measured for Compound A in plasma was higher after dosing with Compound B than the value measured after dosing with an equivalent dose of Compound A.
  • FIG. 2 shows plasma concentrations of Compound A and Compound D (nM) during a 72 hour time period after dosing with Compound C using the previously described solution formulation. As can be seen in FIG. 2 and reported in Table 6, Compound C converted in vivo to both Compound D and Compound A in measurable amounts.

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EP3934615A4 (en) 2019-03-08 2023-01-25 The Regents Of The University Of California COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR TREATMENT OF ACNE
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US11845737B2 (en) 2020-04-02 2023-12-19 Gilead Sciences, Inc. Process for preparing a Cot inhibitor compound
TW202304435A (zh) * 2021-06-04 2023-02-01 美商基利科學股份有限公司 治療ｎａｓｈ之方法

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US11905299B2 (en) 2015-07-06 2024-02-20 Gilead Sciences, Inc. Cot modulators and methods of use thereof
US11325930B2 (en) * 2019-06-14 2022-05-10 Gilead Sciences, Inc. Cot modulators and methods of use thereof
US11827662B2 (en) 2019-06-14 2023-11-28 Gilead Sciences, Inc. Cot modulators and methods of use thereof
US11655237B2 (en) 2020-03-30 2023-05-23 Gilead Sciences, Inc. Solid forms of a Cot inhibitor compound
US11845737B2 (en) 2020-04-02 2023-12-19 Gilead Sciences, Inc. Process for preparing a Cot inhibitor compound

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