US20200308448A1 - Polishing composition comprising polishing particles having high water affinity - Google Patents
Polishing composition comprising polishing particles having high water affinity Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20200308448A1 US20200308448A1 US16/765,586 US201916765586A US2020308448A1 US 20200308448 A1 US20200308448 A1 US 20200308448A1 US 201916765586 A US201916765586 A US 201916765586A US 2020308448 A1 US2020308448 A1 US 2020308448A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- polishing composition
- silica
- polishing
- carbonate
- silica particles
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 191
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical group [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 60
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940086066 potassium hydrogencarbonate Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002296 dynamic light scattering Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbamic acid Chemical group NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000032 lithium hydrogen carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- HQRPHMAXFVUBJX-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].OC([O-])=O HQRPHMAXFVUBJX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract description 41
- 239000006061 abrasive grain Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 44
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 32
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 21
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 20
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 17
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 16
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 15
- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 10
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052910 alkali metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000001459 lithography Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000003729 cation exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 7
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 6
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 5
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010191 image analysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- YXIWHUQXZSMYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(S)=NC2=C1 YXIWHUQXZSMYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFJDQPJLANOOOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-benzotriazole-4-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC2=NNN=C12 KFJDQPJLANOOOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MVQVNTPHUGQQHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-pyridinemethanol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CN=C1 MVQVNTPHUGQQHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GRFNBEZIAWKNCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-pyridinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CN=C1 GRFNBEZIAWKNCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NTSLROIKFLNUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-Ethyl-2-methylpyridine Chemical compound CCC1=CC=C(C)N=C1 NTSLROIKFLNUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical class [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluoroform Chemical compound FC(F)F XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Guanidine Chemical compound NC(N)=N ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- HJJPJSXJAXAIPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N arecoline Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CCCN(C)C1 HJJPJSXJAXAIPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCAUQPZEWLULFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo[f]quinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=N1 HCAUQPZEWLULFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 description 2
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- RWRIWBAIICGTTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N difluoromethane Chemical compound FCF RWRIWBAIICGTTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002357 guanidines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- TWBYWOBDOCUKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N isonicotinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=NC=C1 TWBYWOBDOCUKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- QYSGYZVSCZSLHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N octafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F QYSGYZVSCZSLHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000003217 pyrazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003222 pyridines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- ODDAWJGQWOGBCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(dimethylazaniumyl)ethyl]tetrazole-5-thiolate Chemical compound CN(C)CCN1N=NN=C1S ODDAWJGQWOGBCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCMFEZDRQOJKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butylimidazole Chemical compound CCCCN1C=CN=C1 MCMFEZDRQOJKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- FPIRBHDGWMWJEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CN=C2N(O)N=NC2=C1 FPIRBHDGWMWJEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCTWTZJPVLRJOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-1H-imidazole Chemical compound CN1C=CN=C1 MCTWTZJPVLRJOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- QWENRTYMTSOGBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-1,2,3-Triazole Chemical compound C=1C=NNN=1 QWENRTYMTSOGBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-benzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=NC2=C1 HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JVVRJMXHNUAPHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-pyrazol-5-amine Chemical compound NC=1C=CNN=1 JVVRJMXHNUAPHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- SFZCNBIFKDRMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur hexafluoride Chemical compound FS(F)(F)(F)(F)F SFZCNBIFKDRMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000909 sulfur hexafluoride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)OC LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003536 tetrazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- FAQYAMRNWDIXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroborane Chemical compound ClB(Cl)Cl FAQYAMRNWDIXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOHWNGGYGAVMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluorochlorine Chemical compound FCl(F)F JOHWNGGYGAVMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQDJYEQOELDLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilane Chemical compound C[SiH](C)C PQDJYEQOELDLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/31—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to form insulating layers thereon, e.g. for masking or by using photolithographic techniques; After treatment of these layers; Selection of materials for these layers
- H01L21/3105—After-treatment
- H01L21/31051—Planarisation of the insulating layers
- H01L21/31053—Planarisation of the insulating layers involving a dielectric removal step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09G—POLISHING COMPOSITIONS; SKI WAXES
- C09G1/00—Polishing compositions
- C09G1/02—Polishing compositions containing abrasives or grinding agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/14—Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
- C09K3/1454—Abrasive powders, suspensions and pastes for polishing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/14—Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
- C09K3/1454—Abrasive powders, suspensions and pastes for polishing
- C09K3/1463—Aqueous liquid suspensions
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/302—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to change their surface-physical characteristics or shape, e.g. etching, polishing, cutting
- H01L21/306—Chemical or electrical treatment, e.g. electrolytic etching
- H01L21/30625—With simultaneous mechanical treatment, e.g. mechanico-chemical polishing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/14—Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
- C09K3/1409—Abrasive particles per se
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a polishing composition comprising silica-based abrasive grains and a polishing method.
- Polishing compositions comprising silica-based abrasive grains have been used to polish silicon wafers.
- an integrated circuit is produced by embedding a silicon oxide film or a metal interconnection in a stepped substrate, planarizing it, and further applying lithography to the planarized surface to provide a multilayer interconnection.
- the chemical ray used for lithography is now a near-ultraviolet ray, a far-ultraviolet ray, or an extreme-ultraviolet ray.
- the resist exposure wavelength has also become shorter, i.e., 248 nm, 193 nm, 157 nm, or 13.6 nm.
- polishing compositions each contain silica-based abrasive grains, an alkali component, a water-soluble compound, a chelating agent, an oxidizing agent, a metal corrosion inhibitor, and the like in an aqueous medium.
- a polishing composition in which silica particles used as abrasive grains are defined using a function that indicates the affinity with water, which is determined from the relationship between the inverse of a relaxation time in pulse NMR and the total surface area of the silica particles (see Patent Document 1).
- a polishing composition which is defined in terms of the relationship between the BET specific surface area and the specific surface area measured by the pulse NMR method of silica particles contained in abrasive grains (see Patent Document 2).
- Polishing compositions are disclosed for which the solvent affinity of abrasive grains is evaluated using an NMR relaxation time (see Patent Documents 3 and 4).
- Patent Document 1 WO 2018/116890
- Patent Document 2 WO 2015/152151
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2017-117894 (JP 2017-117894 A)
- Patent Document 4 WO 2018/012174
- a first aspect of the present invention is a polishing composition
- a polishing composition comprising silica particles, wherein on the basis of a colloidal silica dispersion of the silica particles, the dispersion has an Rsp of 0.15 to 0.7 as measured using pulse NMR, and the colloidal silica particles have a shape coefficient SF1 of 1.20 to 1.80, wherein Rsp is calculated based on equation (1):
- SF 1 (area of a circle whose diameter is a maximum diameter of the particle)/(projected area) (2);
- a second aspect of the present invention is the polishing composition according to the first aspect, wherein the colloidal silica dispersion has an average particle diameter of 40 to 200 nm as measured by a dynamic light scattering method, and the silica particles in the dispersion have an average primary particle diameter of 10 to 80 nm as measured by a nitrogen gas adsorption method;
- a third aspect of the present invention is the polishing composition according to the first or second aspect, wherein the colloidal silica dispersion is obtained by being subjected to a thermal history at a temperature of 110° C. or higher and lower than 150° C., in particle growth of activated silica under alkaline conditions in the presence of potassium ions;
- a fourth aspect of the present invention is the polishing composition according to any one of the first to third aspects, further comprising at least one additive selected from the group consisting of an acid component, an alkali component, a water-soluble compound, a chelating agent, an oxidizing agent, and a metal corrosion inhibitor;
- a fifth aspect of the present invention is the polishing composition according to the fourth aspect, wherein the alkali component is potassium hydroxide or potassium hydrogen carbonate, or a mixture of potassium hydroxide or potassium hydrogen carbonate with sodium hydroxide, ammonia, primary ammonium hydroxide, secondary ammonium hydroxide, tertiary ammonium hydroxide, quaternary ammonium hydroxide, primary ammonium carbonate, secondary ammonium carbonate, tertiary ammonium carbonate, quaternary ammonium carbonate, primary ammonium hydrogen carbonate, secondary ammonium hydrogen carbonate, tertiary ammonium hydrogen carbonate, quaternary ammonium hydrogen carbonate, lithium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, lithium hydrogen carbonate, or sodium hydrogen carbonate;
- the chelating agent is an aminocarboxylic acid-based chelating agent or a phosphonic acid-based chelating agent;
- a seventh aspect of the present invention is the polishing composition according to any one of the first to sixth aspects, wherein the polishing composition has a pH of 1 to 12;
- an eighth aspect of the present invention is the polishing composition according to any one of the first to seventh aspects, wherein the polishing composition is used to polish a silicon wafer or a device wafer.
- defects minute foreign matter having a size of several tens of nanometers or more that remains on the substrate after polishing
- the formation of defects may cause the resist exposure light to produce a diffuse reflection, or cause a defocus failure, which prevents the formation of a rectangular pattern.
- defects may form a mask to produce etching resistance, which causes a substrate processing failure, resulting in a defect in the production of a semiconductor element. It is therefore necessary to reduce defects.
- Improvement in polishing speed and planarization of the polishing surface have been effects that trade off with each other, and difficult to achieve both; however, both these effects that trade off with each other can be achieved by providing the silica particles with water affinity in a specific range and a shape in a specific range.
- a polishing composition contains silica particles as polishing abrasive grains.
- the silica particles have effect on the polishing speed and the planarization property for the polishing surface, through an interaction with an aqueous medium in the polishing composition, depending on the surface condition.
- the state of water involved in the surface of the silica particles used as polishing abrasive grains in the polishing composition is divided into bound water and free water.
- Free water refers to the water that is present around the silica particles, but is not bound therewith and present in a free state, and not the water as a solvent.
- Bound water refers to the water bound with the silica particles by hydrogen bonding with silanol groups on the silica particle surface. Bound water plays an important role in ensuring good contact of the silica particles with water.
- the state of the water can be grasped by measuring the relaxation time of the protons of water molecules.
- Relaxation involves the process in which absorbed energy is emitted; and the process in which the phases of precession of nuclear spins are disordered from the aligned state.
- the former is denoted as spin-lattice relaxation (longitudinal relaxation), and the relaxation time is denoted as T1; and the latter is denoted as spin-spin relaxation (transverse relaxation), and the relaxation time is denoted as T2.
- T1 relaxation relaxation is most likely to occur when the speed of molecular motion is approximately the same as the resonant frequency.
- the response time to a change in magnetic field that is, the relaxation time, differs between free water molecules not in contact with the silica particles and water molecules in contact with the silica particles. A shorter relaxation time is considered to indicate greater particle surface in contact with water, and higher dispersibility of the particles.
- T2 relaxation occurs through a magnetic interaction.
- the measurement of relaxation time using pulse NMR can be regarded as the measurement method that utilizes the difference in T2 relaxation.
- the presence of the bound water in a specific range of amounts functions effectively to improve the polishing speed, and reduce scratches and defects on the polishing surface.
- the shape of the silica particles also has effect on the presence of the bound water in a specific range of amounts, and the shape factor (shape coefficient SF1) needs to fall in a specific range of values.
- the shape factor (shape coefficient SF1) of the silica particles is also greatly related to the polishing speed.
- shape factor (shape coefficient SF1) also preferably falls in a specific range.
- shape factor shape coefficient SF1
- affinity with an aqueous medium of the silica particles used as polishing abrasive grains to a high level, it is possible to achieve an improvement in polishing speed and a scratch reduction (defect reduction), particularly in CMP polishing.
- the present invention is a polishing composition
- Rsp is an index that indicates water affinity
- Rav is an inverse of a relaxation time of the colloidal silica dispersion
- Rb is an inverse of a relaxation time of a blank aqueous solution obtained by removing the silica particles from the colloidal silica dispersion.
- the colloidal silica dispersion has an average particle diameter of 40 to 200 nm or 30 to 150 nm as measured by a dynamic light scattering method, and the silica particles in the dispersion have an average primary particle diameter of 10 to 80 nm or 20 to 70 nm as measured by a nitrogen gas adsorption method.
- pulse NMR pulse NMR
- solvent molecules that are in contact with or adsorbed on the particle surface and solvent molecules in the solvent bulk respond differently to a change in magnetic field.
- the motion of liquid molecules adsorbed on the particle surface is restricted, while liquid molecules in the bulk liquid can move freely.
- the NMR relaxation time of the liquid molecules adsorbed on the particle surface is shorter than the relaxation time of the molecules in the bulk liquid.
- the relaxation time measured in the dispersion of the particles is the average value of two relaxation times that reflect the volume concentration of the liquid on the particle surface and the volume concentration of the liquid in a free state (liquid that is in the bulk liquid, but is not adsorbed on the particle surface).
- a relaxation time constant R is the inverse of a relaxation time T, and is determined based on the equation:
- Ps volume concentration of the liquid on the particle surface, that is, the volume concentration of the colloidal silica dispersion
- Pb volume concentration of the bulk liquid, that is, the volume concentration of a blank aqueous solution obtained by removing the silica particles from the colloidal silica dispersion;
- Rb relaxation time constant of bulk liquid molecules, that is, the inverse of the relaxation time of the blank aqueous solution obtained by removing the silica particles from the colloidal silica dispersion.
- Ray and Rb are each the inverse of a relaxation time (transverse relaxation time T2; specifically, an NMR relaxation time obtained after the silica abrasive grains are dispersed and an NMR relaxation time obtained before the silica abrasive grains are dispersed (only the dispersion medium)) measured using a pulse NMR system, Acorn area, manufactured by Xigo nanotools Inc. (USA).
- the measurement conditions may be as follows: magnetic field: 0.3 T, measurement frequency: 13 MHz, measurement nucleus: 1 H NMR, measurement method: CPMG pulse sequence method, sample volume: 0.4 mL, temperature: 30° C.
- Rsp serves as an index of the water affinity of the particle surface.
- a higher value (Rsp) indicates higher water affinity.
- the shape coefficient SF1 can be determined based on the equation: (area of a circle whose diameter is a maximum diameter of the particle)/(projected area).
- D L is the maximum diameter nm of the particle, the maximum length (nm) of the silica particle determined based on a transmission electron micrograph, and is the greatest length between given two points on the circumference in the micrograph;
- S is the projected area (nm 2 ) of the silica particle.
- D L is the maximum length of the silica particle determined based on image analysis of a transmission electron micrograph (TEM), and S is the projected area of the silica particle determined based on image analysis of the transmission electron micrograph.
- TEM transmission electron micrograph
- S is the projected area of the silica particle determined based on image analysis of the transmission electron micrograph.
- a transmission electron micrograph taken at a magnification of 10,000 or 30,000 times is captured as electronic data into an image analysis apparatus (trade name LUZEX manufactured by Nireco Corporation) at a resolution of 146 dpi, and the projected area is determined by converting the number of pixels occupied by the silica particle to area.
- the length of one side of a pixel is 17.8 nm; therefore, the area per pixel can be converted as 319 nm 2 .
- the length of one side of a pixel is 6.0 nm; therefore, the area per pixel can be converted as 36 nm 2 .
- SF1 is determined by determining the maximum length D L and the projected area S for each of 300 particles recognized by the image analysis apparatus, calculating, for each particle, a calculation value based on the equation shown above, and obtaining an average value of the calculation values.
- the method for producing the colloidal silica dispersion (silica sol) to be used in the present invention can be broadly divided into a step (I) of obtaining activated silica; a step (II) of heating and regulating the size of the activated silica; and a step (III) of adjusting the concentration of the resulting silica sol.
- the step (I) of obtaining activated silica is divided into a step (a) of obtaining activated silica; a step (a1) of increasing the purity of the activated silica; and a step (a2) of collecting the activated silica with an increased purity.
- the step (a) is essential, and the steps (a1) and (a2) are optional.
- the step (a) is the step of contacting a hydrogen-type strongly acidic cation exchange resin with an aqueous solution of an alkali metal silicate in which an aqueous alkali metal silicate containing 300 to 10,000 ppm of a metal oxide other than silica, based on the silica content, is dissolved at a concentration of 1 to 6% by weight, as the SiO 2 content derived from the silicate, to thereby produce an aqueous solution of activated silica having a SiO 2 concentration of 1 to 6% by mass, and collecting the resulting solution.
- an alkali metal silicate in which an aqueous alkali metal silicate containing 300 to 10,000 ppm of a metal oxide other than silica, based on the silica content, is dissolved at a concentration of 1 to 6% by weight, as the SiO 2 content derived from the silicate, to thereby produce an aqueous solution of activated silica having a SiO 2 concentration of 1 to 6% by mass
- the step (II) of heating and regulating the size of the activated silica includes the following steps (b) and (c):
- the step (III) of adjusting the concentration of the resulting silica sol is the step of concentrating the silica sol to a concentration of 10 to 50% by mass, wherein impurities may be removed from the silica sol before or after being concentrated.
- the step (III) is not essential, but may be performed as required.
- step (III) includes:
- step (a) it is preferred to use sodium water glass having a SiO 2 /Na 2 O molar ratio of about 2 to 4, which is available as an inexpensive industrial product.
- Polyvalent metals typically contained at relatively high concentrations as impurities include aluminum, iron, calcium, and magnesium.
- the aqueous solution of the alkali metal silicate is contacted with the hydrogen-type strongly acidic cation exchange resin. This contact may be preferably performed by passing the aqueous solution of the alkali metal silicate through a column packed with the ion exchange resin, and the solution that has passed through the column is collected as an aqueous solution of activated silica having a SiO 2 concentration of 1 to 6% by mass, preferably 2 to 6% by mass.
- the hydrogen-type cation exchange resin may be used in an amount sufficient to exchange the total amount of alkali metal ions in the aqueous solution of the alkali metal silicate with hydrogen ions.
- the aqueous solution of the alkali metal silicate is preferably passed through the column at a space velocity of about 1 to 10 per hour.
- Examples of the strong acid used in the step (a1) include inorganic acids, such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, and sulfuric acid. Nitric acid is the most preferred to improve the removal ratio of the aluminum content and the iron content.
- the aqueous solution obtained in the step (a1) is contacted with the hydrogen-type strongly acidic cation exchange resin.
- This contact may be preferably performed by passing the aqueous solution through a column packed with the hydrogen-type strongly acidic cation exchange resin at a space velocity of 2 to 20 per hour, at 0 to 60° C., preferably 5 to 50° C.
- the aqueous solution obtained by passage through the column is contacted, preferably immediately after being obtained, with the hydroxyl group-type strongly basic anion exchange resin, at 0 to 60° C., preferably 5 to 50° C.
- the aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide used in the step (b) is obtained by dissolving potassium hydroxide as a commercially available industrial product preferably having a purity of 95% or more in ion exchange water or industrial water from which cations have been removed, to give a concentration of preferably 2 to 20% by mass.
- a usual container that is acid-resistant, alkali-resistant, and pressure-resistant, equipped with a stirrer, a temperature controller, a liquid level sensor, a pressure-reducing device, a liquid supply device, the cooling device, and the like, may be used.
- the liquid temperature inside the container is maintained at 110° C. to lower than 150° C.
- the contact between the stable aqueous sol and the ion exchange resin in the step (d) may be performed as in the contact in the step (a).
- Ammonia or potassium hydroxide used in the step (e) may be a commercially available industrial product, which preferably has a high purity. In the case of ammonia, it is preferably used as aqueous ammonia having a concentration of about 5 to 28% by mass. Instead of ammonia, quaternary ammonium hydroxide, guanidine hydroxide, a water-soluble amine, or the like may be used. In the present invention, potassium hydroxide can be suitably used.
- the polishing composition may further comprise, in addition to the silica particles as abrasive grains and the aqueous medium, at least one additive selected from the group consisting of an alkali component, a water-soluble compound, a chelating agent, an oxidizing agent, and a metal corrosion inhibitor.
- the solids content excluding the aqueous medium from the polishing composition is 0.01 to 20% by mass or 0.1 to 10% by mass, and the content of the silica particles in the solids content is 90 to 100% by mass or 90 to 99.9% by mass.
- alkali component examples include potassium hydroxide or potassium hydrogen carbonate, or a mixture of potassium hydroxide or potassium hydrogen carbonate with sodium hydroxide, ammonia, primary ammonium hydroxide, secondary ammonium hydroxide, tertiary ammonium hydroxide, quaternary ammonium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, lithium hydrogen carbonate, or sodium hydrogen carbonate.
- potassium hydroxide or potassium hydrogen carbonate It is preferred to use potassium hydroxide or potassium hydrogen carbonate.
- An alkali component other than those mentioned above may be used in combination at a mass ratio in the range of 10% or less, relative to potassium hydroxide or potassium hydrogen carbonate.
- the pH can be adjusted in the range of 7 to 12 or 8 to 11.
- any water-soluble compound may be used as the water-soluble compound.
- the water-soluble compound include monomers having carboxylic acid groups, such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and maleic acid, polymers thereof, such as polyacrylic acid and polymethacrylic acid, and salts thereof, such as ammonium polyacrylate, potassium polyacrylate, ammonium polymethacrylate, and potassium polymethacrylate.
- alginic acid, pectic acid, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyaspartic acid, polyglutamic acid, polyamide acid, polyamide acid ammonium salt, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, hydroxyethyl cellulose, glycerin, polyglycerin, polyvinyl alcohol, or carboxyl group- or sulfonic acid group-modified polyvinyl alcohol can be used.
- the content of the water-soluble compound may be 0.01 to 10% by mass based on the silica particles.
- an aminocarboxylic acid-based chelating agent or a phosphonic acid-based chelating agent may be used as the chelating agent.
- the content of the chelating resin may be 0.01 to 10% by mass based on the silica particles.
- oxidizing agent examples include hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, potassium periodate, hypochlorous acid, and ozone water.
- the content of the oxidizing agent may be 0.01 to 10% by mass based on the silica particles.
- metal corrosion inhibitor examples include triazole compounds, pyridine compounds, pyrazole compounds, pyrimidine compounds, imidazole compounds, guanidine compounds, thiazole compounds, tetrazole compounds, triazine compounds, and hexamethylenetetramine.
- triazole compounds examples include 1,2,3-triazole, 1,2,4-triazole, 3-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazole, benzotriazole (BTA), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole, 1-hydroxypropylbenzotriazole, 2,3-dicarboxypropylbenzotriazole, 4-hydroxybenzotriazole, 4-carboxy-1H-benzotriazole, 4-carboxy-1H-benzotriazole methyl ester (methyl 1H-benzotriazole-4-carboxylate), 4-carboxy-1H-benzotriazole butyl ester (butyl 1H-benzotriazole-4-carboxylate), 4-carboxy-1H-benzotriazole octyl ester (octyl 1H-benzotriazole-4-carboxylate), 5-hexylbenzotriazole, (1,2,3-benzotriazolyl-1-methyl) (1,2,4-triazolyl-1-methyl) (2-e
- pyridine compounds include pyridine, 8-hydroxyquinoline, protionamide, 2-nitropyridin-3-ol, pyridoxamine, nicotinamide, iproniazid, isonicotinic acid, benzo[f]quinoline, 2,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, 4-styrylpyridine, anabasine, 4-nitropyridine-1-oxide, ethyl 3-pyridylacetate, quinoline, 2-ethylpyridine, quinolinic acid, arecoline, citrazinic acid, pyridine-3-methanol, 2-methyl-5-ethylpyridine, 2-fluoropyridine, pentafluoropyridine, 6-methylpyridin-3-ol, and ethyl 2-pyridylacetate.
- pyrazole compounds include pyrazole, 1-allyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazole, 3,5-di(2-pyridyl)pyrazole, 3,5-diisopropylpyrazole, 3,5-dimethyl-1-hydroxymethylpyrazole, 3,5-dimethyl-1-phenylpyrazole, 3,5-dimethylpyrazole, 3-amino-5-hydroxypyrazole, 4-methylpyrazole, N-methylpyrazole, and 3-aminopyrazole.
- pyrimidine compounds include pyrimidine, 1,3-diphenyl-pyrimidine-2,4,6-trione, 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine, 2,4,5,6-tetraaminopyrimidine sulfate, 2,4,5-trihydroxypyrimidine, 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine, 2,4,6-trichloropyrimidine, 2,4,6-trimethoxypyrimidine, 2,4,6-triphenylpyrimidine, 2,4-diamino-6-hydroxylpyrimidine, 2,4-diaminopyrimidine, 2-acetamidopyrimidine, 2-aminopyrimidine, and 4-aminopyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine.
- imidazole compounds include imidazole, 1,1′-carbonylbis-1H-imidazole, 1,1′-oxalyldiimidazole, 1,2,4,5-tetramethylimidazole, 1,2-dimethyl-5-nitroimidazole, 1,2-dimethylimidazole, 1-(3-aminopropyl)imidazole, 1-butylimidazole, 1-ethylimidazole, 1-methylimidazole, and benzimidazole.
- guanidine compounds include guanidine, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine, 1,2,3-triphenylguanidine, 1,3-di-o-tolylguanidine, and 1,3-diphenylguanidine.
- thiazole compounds include thiazole, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, and 2,4-dimethylthiazole.
- tetrazole compounds include tetrazole, 5-methyltetrazole, 5-amino-1H-tetrazole, and 1-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-5-mercaptotetrazole.
- triazine compounds examples include triazine and 3,4-dihydro-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-1,2,4-triazine.
- the metal corrosion inhibitor may be added to give a content of 0.0001 to 10% by mass based on the silica particles.
- the polishing composition of the present invention can be used to polish a semiconductor wafer or a semiconductor device.
- CMP Chemical Mechanical Polishing
- CMP can be adopted to form an interconnection on a semiconductor substrate.
- the object to be polished include a conductive material layer (interconnection layer), a barrier layer (layer composed of a barrier metal, for example, titanium nitride, tantalum nitride, or the like for preventing copper from diffusing into an insulating layer), and an insulating layer (layer composed of an interlayer insulating material, for example, a low-k material, such as SiO 2 , SiOC, or porous silica).
- examples of the material constituting the conductive material layer include copper-based metals, such as copper, copper alloys, copper oxides, and copper alloy oxides; tungsten-based metals, such as tungsten, tungsten nitride, and tungsten alloys; cobalt-based metals, such as cobalt, cobalt alloys, cobalt oxides, and cobalt alloy oxides; silver; and gold.
- copper-based metals such as copper, copper alloys, copper oxides, and copper alloy oxides
- tungsten-based metals such as tungsten, tungsten nitride, and tungsten alloys
- cobalt-based metals such as cobalt, cobalt alloys, cobalt oxides, and cobalt alloy oxides
- silver and gold.
- gold gold
- at least one copper-based metal selected from the group consisting of copper, copper alloys, copper oxides, and copper alloy oxides is preferred, and copper is more preferred.
- the conductive material can be formed using
- the barrier metal constituting the barrier layer is formed to prevent the conductive material from diffusing into the insulating material, and improve the adhesion between the insulating material and the conductive material.
- the barrier metal material constituting the barrier metal is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of tantalum-based metals, titanium-based metals, tungsten-based metals, ruthenium-based metals, cobalt-based metals, and manganese-based metals.
- examples include tantalum-based metals, such as tantalum, tantalum nitride, and tantalum alloys; titanium-based metals, such as titanium, titanium nitride, and titanium alloys; tungsten-based metals, such as tungsten and tungsten alloys; ruthenium-based metals, such as ruthenium and ruthenium alloys; cobalt-based metals, such as cobalt and cobalt alloys; and manganese-based metals, such as manganese and manganese alloys.
- tantalum-based metals such as tantalum, tantalum nitride, and tantalum alloys
- titanium-based metals such as titanium, titanium nitride, and titanium alloys
- tungsten-based metals such as tungsten and tungsten alloys
- ruthenium-based metals such as ruthenium and ruthenium alloys
- cobalt-based metals such as cobalt and cobalt alloys
- the material constituting the insulating material examples include silicon-based materials and organic polymers.
- the insulating material may be in the form of a film (an insulating film; for example, an interlayer insulating film).
- Examples of the insulating film include a silicon-based coating and an organic polymer film.
- the insulating film can be formed using a CVD method, a spin coating method, a dip coating method, a spraying method, or the like.
- Examples of the silicon-based materials include silica-based materials and low-k materials (low dielectric constant materials).
- Examples of the silica-based materials include silicon dioxide; fluorosilicate glass; organosilicate glass obtained using trimethylsilane or dimethoxydimethylsilane as a starting material; porous organosilicate glass; silicon oxynitride; and hydrogenated silsesquioxane.
- low-k materials examples include silicon carbide and silicon nitride.
- a polishing method is performed, for example, as follows: A conductive thin film composed of a conductive material is formed on a silicon substrate. A resist film is formed on the conductive film, and the resist layer is exposed and developed with a circuit pattern as a mask by means of lithography to transfer the pattern onto the resist layer. With the transferred pattern as a mask, the conductive film is dry etched with a highly anisotropic ionic gas.
- gas that can be used examples include tetrafluoromethane (CF 4 ), perfluorocyclobutane (C 4 F 8 ), perfluoropropane (C 3 F 8 ), trifluoromethane, carbon monoxide, argon, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur hexafluoride, difluoromethane, nitrogen trifluoride and chlorine trifluoride, chlorine, and trichloroborane and dichloroborane.
- CF 4 tetrafluoromethane
- C 4 F 8 perfluorocyclobutane
- C 3 F 8 perfluoropropane
- the resist film is ashed with oxygen gas to remove the resist layer.
- the resist layer may be removed with a chemical (for example, a mixture of sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide or a mixture of ammonia and hydrogen peroxide) to protect the substrate.
- an insulating film is formed to prevent a short circuit with an upper-layer interconnection.
- the pattern of an underlayer interconnection is reflected on the wafer surface on which the interlayer insulating film is formed, and irregularities of various sizes are formed on the insulating film.
- an interconnection is processed by further coating the upper layer with a resist film by means of lithography, the presence of these irregularities causes a diffuse reflection at the interface between the resist and the insulating film during resist exposure, which prevents the formation of a rectangular resist pattern, which makes the processing of the surface of the underlayer difficult.
- the wafer surface is planarized.
- the interlayer insulating film is planarized by CMP.
- interconnection material has been heretofore used as the interconnection material, it has a low melting point and has problems with reliability, such as a disconnection when a large current flows.
- copper interconnections are being replaced with copper interconnections.
- copper may diffuse into an insulating layer.
- damascene trenches called “damascene” are formed, and then copper is embedded in the trenches.
- a barrier layer may be formed between copper and the insulating film. Because of irregularities of copper produced by embedding copper to form a copper interconnection layer, the planarization of the surface of the copper interconnection layer is required to further apply lithography to an upper layer. In the planarization of copper, dry etching with a gas is difficult because of the hardness of copper, and therefore, polishing by CMP is performed here again.
- JIS No. 3 sodium water glass was prepared as a raw-material aqueous alkali metal silicate.
- the water glass contained 28.8% by weight of SiO 2 and 9.47% by mass of Na 2 O as main components other than water. 478 g of the water glass was dissolved in 2,992 g of pure water to prepare 3,500 g of an aqueous solution of sodium silicate (a). Subsequently, the aqueous solution of sodium silicate (a) was passed through a column packed with a hydrogen-type strongly acidic cation exchange resin, Amberlite IR-120B, at a space velocity of 4.5 per hour, and then 3,000 g of the resulting aqueous solution of activated silica was collected in a container.
- a hydrogen-type strongly acidic cation exchange resin Amberlite IR-120B
- the aqueous solution of the activated silica (SiO 2 content: 3.2% by mass), a 10% by mass aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide, and pure water were used, and the mixture was adjusted to pH 11.1; thereafter, the liquid temperature inside the container was controlled to 110 to 130° C. by heating. After the temperature inside the container reached 100 to 130° C., while the temperature inside the container was being maintained at 110 to 130° C., the aqueous solution of the activated silica was further continuously supplied as a supply solution, until the pH of the reaction solution reached 11.2.
- the resulting silica sol was concentrated to give a SiO 2 concentration of 40% by mass at room temperature, using a commercially available ultrafiltration apparatus equipped with a tubular polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane with a pore diameter of about 5 nm. During concentration, the solution was stable, and concentration was extremely smoothly performed.
- the aqueous solution of the activated silica (SiO 2 content: 3.2% by mass), a 10% by mass aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide, and pure water were used, and the mixture was adjusted to pH 11.2; thereafter, the liquid temperature inside the container was controlled to 110 to 130° C. by heating. After the temperature inside the container reached 120 to 140° C., while the temperature inside the container was being maintained at 120 to 140° C., the aqueous solution of the activated silica was continuously supplied as a supply solution, until the pH of the reaction solution reached 11.3.
- the reaction was performed for 1 hour, while the temperature inside the container was being maintained at 120 to 140° C., and the aqueous solution of the activated silica was further continuously supplied as a supply solution, until the pH of the reaction solution reached 10.9.
- the resulting silica sol was concentrated to give a SiO 2 concentration of 40% by mass at room temperature, using a commercially available ultrafiltration apparatus equipped with a tubular polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane with a pore diameter of about 5 nm. During concentration, the solution was stable, and concentration was extremely smoothly performed.
- the aqueous solution of the activated silica (SiO 2 content: 3.2% by mass), a 10% by mass aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide, and pure water were used, and the mixture was adjusted to pH 11.1; thereafter, the liquid temperature inside the container was controlled to 110 to 130° C. by heating. After the temperature inside the container reached 110 to 130° C., while the temperature inside the container was being maintained at 110 to 130° C., the aqueous solution of the activated silica was continuously supplied for 6.0 hours as a supply solution, until the pH of the reaction solution reached 9.6.
- the resulting silica sol was concentrated to give a SiO 2 concentration of 40% by mass at room temperature, using a commercially available ultrafiltration apparatus equipped with a tubular polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane with a pore diameter of about 5 nm. During concentration, the solution was stable, and concentration was extremely smoothly performed.
- the aqueous solution of the activated silica (SiO 2 content: 3.2% by mass), a 10% by mass aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide, and pure water were used, and the mixture was adjusted to pH 12.0; thereafter, the liquid temperature inside the container was controlled to 110 to 130° C. by heating.
- the aqueous solution of the activated silica obtained in the steps (a) to (c) described above was continuously supplied as a supply solution, until the pH of the reaction solution reached 11.4.
- the reaction was performed for 1 hour, while the temperature inside the container was being maintained at 110° C., and the aqueous solution of the activated silica was further continuously supplied as a supply solution, until the pH of the reaction solution reached 11.1.
- the resulting silica sol was concentrated to give a SiO 2 concentration of 40% by mass at room temperature, using a commercially available ultrafiltration apparatus equipped with a tubular polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane with a pore diameter of about 5 nm. During concentration, the solution was stable, and concentration was extremely smoothly performed.
- the aqueous solution of the activated silica (SiO 2 content: 3.2% by mass), a 10% by mass aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, and pure water were used, and the mixture was adjusted to pH 7.6; thereafter, the liquid temperature inside the container was controlled to 150 to 230° C. by heating.
- the resulting silica sol was heated at 150 to 200° C. for 2 to 5 hours.
- the resulting silica sol was diluted with pure water to give a SiO 2 concentration of 30% by mass at room temperature.
- Tetramethoxysilane was subjected to hydrolysis and condensation using an alkali catalyst (ammonia) at a temperature from room temperature (20° C.) to 60° C. to obtain a silica sol.
- an alkali catalyst ammonia
- Table 1 shows the average particle diameter (DLS particle diameter in the unit nm) of the silica particles in each polishing composition based on a dynamic light scattering method; the average primary particle diameter (BET diameter in the unit nm) of the silica particles calculated as spherical shapes, which was converted from the specific surface area based on a nitrogen gas adsorption method; the shape coefficient SF1 value of the silica particles; and the Rsp value of the silica particles based on pulse NMR.
- the silica sol obtained in Synthesis Example 1 was used for Synthesis Example 1; the silica sol obtained in Synthesis Example 2 was used for Synthesis Example 2; the silica sol obtained in Synthesis Example 3 was used for Synthesis Example 3; the silica sol obtained in Synthesis Example 4 was used for Synthesis Example 4; the silica sol obtained in Comparative Synthesis Example 1 was used for Comparative Synthesis Example 1; and the silica sol obtained in Comparative Synthesis Example 2 was used for Comparative Synthesis Example 2.
- Each of the aqueous silica sols obtained in Synthesis Examples 1 and 2, and Comparative Synthesis Examples 1 to 4 was adjusted to a SiO 2 concentration of 5% by mass with pure water, and adjusted to pH 10.0 with a 10% by mass aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide, and then filtered through a cartridge filter with a pore diameter of 0.5 ⁇ m to obtain a polishing composition.
- Polishing machine ChaMP332 (for 12 inches) manufactured by Tokyo Seimitsu Co., Ltd.
- Polishing pad Nitta&Haas IC1400XY+Perforate
- Amount of supply of the polishing diluent 300 mL/min
- Substrate wafer with a TEOS film
- Cleaning was performed with a chemical brush. Initially, cleaning with an acid chemical was performed, rinsing with pure water was performed next, and then drying was performed.
- Example 1 using the silica sol obtained in Synthesis Example 1; Example 2 using the silica sol obtained in Synthesis Example 2; Example 3 using the silica sol obtained in Synthesis Example 3; Example 4 using the silica sol obtained in Synthesis Example 4; Comparative Example 1 using the silica sol obtained in Comparative Synthesis Example 1; and Comparative Example 2 using the silica sol obtained in Comparative Synthesis Example 2.
- the polishing speed (nm/minute) was measured using the Nanometrics optical thickness gauge NanoSpec 78300.
- defects with a size of 180 nm or more were measured using Hitachi LS6700.
- the silica sol used in the polishing composition has an Rsp value based on pulse NMR that falls in a specific range of values, and the silica particles contained in the silica sol have a shape coefficient SF1 value that falls in a specific range of values; therefore, when the silica sol is used as a polishing composition for CMP polishing of a device wafer, a high polishing speed can be achieved, and the formation of defects can be reduced.
- the polishing composition of the present invention can be used not only as a polishing agent for CMP of a device wafer, but also as a polishing agent for a silicon wafer, because of its high polishing speed.
- the silica sol used in the polishing composition has an Rsp value based on pulse NMR that falls in a specific range of values, and the silica particles contained in the silica sol have a shape coefficient SF1 value that falls in a specific range of values; therefore, when the silica sol is used as a polishing composition for CMP polishing of a device wafer, a high polishing speed can be achieved, and the formation of defects can be reduced.
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US20080171441A1 (en) * | 2005-06-28 | 2008-07-17 | Asahi Glass Co., Ltd. | Polishing compound and method for producing semiconductor integrated circuit device |
DE112007003301T5 (de) * | 2007-02-01 | 2009-12-17 | Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines verlängerten Silicasols |
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US20150344739A1 (en) * | 2012-12-25 | 2015-12-03 | Jsr Corporation | Aqueous dispersion for chemical mechanical polishing, and chemical mechanical polishing method |
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US20190185713A1 (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2019-06-20 | Rohm And Haas Electronic Materials Cmp Holdings, Inc. | Cmp slurry compositions containing silica with trimethylsulfoxonium cations |
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