US20180327874A1 - Gas quenching method - Google Patents

Gas quenching method Download PDF

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Publication number
US20180327874A1
US20180327874A1 US15/774,749 US201515774749A US2018327874A1 US 20180327874 A1 US20180327874 A1 US 20180327874A1 US 201515774749 A US201515774749 A US 201515774749A US 2018327874 A1 US2018327874 A1 US 2018327874A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
workpiece
temperature
gas
cooling
quenching
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Abandoned
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US15/774,749
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English (en)
Inventor
Tsuyoshi Sugimoto
Yukichi OKAYAMA
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nissan Motor Co Ltd
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Nissan Motor Co Ltd
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Filing date
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Assigned to NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD. reassignment NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: OKAYAMA, Yukichi, SUGIMOTO, TSUYOSHI
Assigned to NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD. reassignment NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD. CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE APPLICATION NUMBER 15/747749 PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ON REEL 045771 FRAME 0426. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE ASSIGNMENT. Assignors: OKAYAMA, Yukichi, SUGIMOTO, TSUYOSHI
Publication of US20180327874A1 publication Critical patent/US20180327874A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C21D1/19—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering by interrupted quenching
    • C21D1/20—Isothermal quenching, e.g. bainitic hardening
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C21D1/19—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering by interrupted quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
    • C21D1/613—Gases; Liquefied or solidified normally gaseous material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
    • C21D1/767—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material with forced gas circulation; Reheating thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
    • C21D1/773—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material under reduced pressure or vacuum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/40—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rings; for bearing races
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C21D1/19—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering by interrupted quenching
    • C21D1/22—Martempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/008—Martensite

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a gas quenching method in which a workpiece is heated and then cooled by using a cooling gas, as a quenching of steel.
  • Quenching of steel is a heat treatment technology to obtain a martensite structure by turning steel into a high-temperature condition and then rapid cooling.
  • a liquid quenching method in which cooling after heating is conducted by using, as a cooling agent, a liquid, such as oil, water or a polymer solution, which is relatively high in cooling property to conduct quenching of relatively large parts.
  • a liquid quenching however, boiling occurs non-uniformly during quenching. As a result, the cooling speed becomes non-uniform, thereby making quality unstable.
  • Non-patent Publication 1 discloses, as a type of the gas quenching method, an isothermal quenching (also called multi-stage quenching) in which an isothermal maintenance is conducted for a certain period of time in the middle of the cooling by using a hot gas of a high temperature of around 300° C.
  • the cooling gas is previously heated to around 300° C. by using factory exhaust heat or the like, and this hot gas is circulated through a gas furnace that accommodates workpieces heated to around 1000° C., thereby cooling the workpieces and conducting an isothermal treatment on the workpieces to a temperature of around 300° C. that is in equilibrium with the temperature of the hot gas. Then, after the temperature equilibrium, it is switched to circulation of the cooling gas having low temperatures by passing through a cooler, thereby cooling the workpieces to complete quenching.
  • Non-patent Publication 1 It is described in Non-patent Publication 1 that distortion of the workpiece is reduced by conducting such a multi-stage quenching, as compared with a normal continuous quenching.
  • Non-Patent Publication 1 In a conventional method to achieve the multi-stage quenching by using a plurality of gases having different temperatures like Non-Patent Publication 1, it becomes necessary to provide the gas furnace with a heat exchanger for heating gas, a cooler for cooling gas, a damper for switching the passage, and so on. This makes the facility complicated.
  • a gas quenching method in which a workpiece made of steel is heated and then cooled for quenching by allowing a cooling gas to flow around the workpiece in a furnace, the gas quenching method comprising:
  • the quenching method of the present invention in the middle of a quenching using a cooling gas, supply of the cooling gas is stopped, and pressure inside the furnace is reduced to suppress cooling speed of the workpiece.
  • the cooling action by convection is rapidly suppressed by reducing pressure inside the furnace, resulting in substantially only radiation cooling.
  • the furnace turns into a heat insulated condition by the pressure reduction, such that the workpiece is temporarily maintained at the intermediate temperature.
  • heat transfers in the workpiece from a relatively high-temperature site to a relatively low-temperature site thereby making the temperature throughout the workpiece uniform. Therefore, at the subsequent cooling by supplying the cooling gas, temperatures throughout the workpiece pass the martensite transformation start temperature almost at the same time and with similar temperature gradients. Thus, the quenching is conducted more uniformly.
  • the present invention it is possible to achieve a multi-stage quenching without necessity of a plurality of gases with different temperatures, and distortion of the workpiece resulting from quenching is reduced by making the temperature throughout the workpiece uniform. Furthermore, as compared with a conventional method using a hot gas, it is possible to conduct the cooling and the isothermal treatment until the intermediate temperature within a short period of time, thereby shortening the cycle time of the quenching treatment as a whole.
  • FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of a structure of a gas quenching furnace used in the gas quenching method of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing steps of the gas quenching method of Example
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing one example of the workpiece
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a lower link as a whole to become the workpiece.
  • FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram showing a comparison between Example and Comparative Example in the amount of distortion resulting from the quenching.
  • FIG. 1 shows one example of gas quenching furnace 1 used in the gas quenching method of the present invention.
  • This gas quenching furnace 1 is a vertical furnace with an elliptical shape that is elongated in vertical direction when viewed from the front. It is formed at its upper part with fan 2 that circulates the cooling gas in gas quenching furnace 1 and stirs the cooling gas.
  • At its lower part there is disposed one-stage or multi-stage tray 3 on which a plurality of the after-mentioned workpieces as the targets of the quenching treatment are arranged.
  • This tray 3 has a latticed structure having many openings such that flow of the cooling gas (shown by arrow G in the drawing) sent by fan 2 is allowed to pass through the tray 3 and then flow in an upward direction.
  • This tray 3 is taken into and out of the furnace through a door not shown in the drawings.
  • Gas quenching furnace 1 has a sealed structure that is resistant against a predetermined depressurized condition, and is equipped outside with depressurization pump 4 for depressurizing the furnace.
  • This depressurization pump 4 is connected to the space inside the furnace through depressurization passage 5 , and depressurization passage 5 is equipped with on-off valve 6 with solenoid valve, etc.
  • gas quenching furnace 1 is equipped with gas introducing passage 7 for introducing a cooling gas, such as nitrogen gas, hydrogen gas, helium gas or argon gas, into the furnace, and gas discharging passage 9 for discharging the cooling gas from the furnace.
  • gas introducing passage 7 is equipped with on-off valve 8 with solenoid valve, etc.
  • Gas discharging passage 9 is similarly equipped with on-off valve 10 with solenoid valve, etc.
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the gas quenching method of the present invention using the above-mentioned gas quenching furnace 1 .
  • a workpiece used in this embodiment is one prepared by machining chromium steel of SCr420 as base material into a predetermined shape and then previously conducting a carburizing treatment on the surface by gas carburizing.
  • the target carbon concentration of the surface in the carburizing treatment is 0.6%. Therefore, the material on the surface of the workpiece is one equivalent to SCr460.
  • the carburizing treatment is conducted in another furnace. After annealing from the carburizing treatment temperature, it is introduced together with tray 3 into gas quenching furnace 1 in a condition where it has been subjected to a reheating until 1050° C. for quenching.
  • the cooling gas is introduced into gas quenching furnace 1 through gas introducing passage 7 .
  • the inside of gas quenching furnace 1 is turned into a sealed condition by closing on-off valve 8 , etc.
  • fan 2 is driven to cool the workpiece by forcibly circulating the cooling gas.
  • the cooling gas for example, nitrogen gas having a temperature adjusted to 40° C. is used.
  • FIG. 2( a ) shows temperature change of the workpiece
  • FIG. 2( b ) shows an on-off condition of the gas cooling or fan 2
  • FIG. 2( c ) shows an on-off condition of depressurization of the furnace or depressurization pump 4 .
  • the workpiece is rapidly cooled by forcibly circulating the cooling gas. With this, temperature of the workpiece is abruptly lowered.
  • FIG. 2( a ) also shows a bainite transformation curve (B) where transformation into bainite occurs resulting from the cooling prior to martensite transformation, but the speed of the temperature lowering by the cooling gas is set not to pass this nose-shape bainite transformation curve.
  • fan 2 is stopped at time t 2 to stop circulation and stirring of the cooling gas.
  • depressurization pump 4 is energized to depressurize the inside of gas quenching furnace 1 .
  • the inside of gas quenching furnace 1 turns into a thermally insulated condition by depressurizing the inside of gas quenching furnace 1 . That is, the cooling action by convection is rapidly suppressed, resulting in slightly only radiation cooling by radiation from the surface of the workpiece.
  • the target intermediate temperature is, for example, 300° C., which is slightly higher than martensite transformation start temperature (Ms).
  • target intermediate temperature e.g. 300° C.
  • control stopping of fan 2 and turning-on of depressurization pump 4 it is optional to monitor the actual temperature of the workpiece by using, for example, an infrared-type temperature sensor, etc. and to execute stopping of fan 2 and turning-on of depressurization pump 4 when becoming a predetermined temperature that is slightly higher than the target intermediate temperature in an isothermal condition in view of the delay of temperature change.
  • the initial rapid cooling period from time t 1 to time t 2 is, for example, about 45 seconds.
  • cooling gas is reintroduced into gas quenching furnace 1 through gas introducing passage 7 , and fan 2 is driven to restart rapid cooling of the workpiece by forcibly circulating the cooling gas.
  • the cooling gas may be the same one as that of the initial rapid cooling period. For example, there is used a nitrogen gas of which temperature has been adjusted to 40° C.
  • the necessary time from time t 2 to time t 3 is, for example, about 30 seconds in one embodiment.
  • To control restarting of the cooling at time t 3 it suffices to experimentally determine the time necessary for an isothermal condition and to restart cooling when the elapsed time from time t 2 has reached a predetermined value.
  • Cooling as from time t 3 is conducted, for example, for about 2 to 5 minutes in one embodiment.
  • a multi-stage quenching including the first stage of a rapid cooling period between time t 1 and time t 2 , the second stage of an isothermal period between time t 2 and time t 3 , and the third stage of a rapid cooling period as from time t 3 .
  • the second stage as a period for obtaining an isothermal condition at the intermediate temperature which is slightly higher than martensite transformation start temperature, it is possible to conduct a uniform quenching with a small distortion resulting from the quenching.
  • the cycle time becomes shorter.
  • the temperature of the second stage between time t 2 and time t 3 is set at a temperature that is higher than martensite transformation start temperature (Ms) and is lower than the nose-shape bainite transformation curve. That is, the intermediate temperature and the period of the second stage are set such that the characteristic of temperature change of the workpiece does not cross the bainite transformation curve. With this, transformation into bainite during quenching is suppressed.
  • Ms martensite transformation start temperature
  • FIG. 3 shows one example of the workpiece suitable for the quenching method of the present invention.
  • This workpiece is a component constituting a part of lower link 11 (see FIG. 4 ) in a multi-link type piston crank mechanism of an internal combustion engine.
  • this type of lower link 11 is one for connecting an upper link with one end connected to a piston pin and a crank pin of a crankshaft. As shown in FIG. 4 , it is formed at its center with a cylindrical crank pin bearing portion 12 to be fitted onto the crank pin.
  • This lower link 11 as a whole forms a parallelogram close to rhombus.
  • On division surface 15 passing through center of crank pin bearing portion 12 it is formed of two divided parts of lower link upper 11 A containing the pin boss portion 13 for upper pin and lower link lower 11 B containing the pin boss portion 14 for control pin.
  • the workpiece of the above embodiment is the above-mentioned lower link upper 11 A.
  • This workpiece that is, lower link upper 11 A, is disposed on the above-mentioned tray 3 with a posture shown in FIG. 3 . That is, it is retained to have an upright posture in which one side surface 17 (see FIG. 4 ) perpendicular to division surface 15 becomes a bottom surface that is brought into contact with tray 3 and in which division surface 15 stand upright from tray 3 . Then, the cooling gas is guided to be parallel with division surface 15 in gas quenching furnace 1 , and the cooling gas is allowed to flow along the front and back surfaces of a pair of wall-like pin boss portions 13 .
  • wall-like pin boss portion 13 In quenching against such workpiece, wall-like pin boss portion 13 has a thinner thickness as compared with a part in the vicinity of division surface 15 and is widely exposed to the gas flow. Therefore, in general, wall-like pin boss portion 13 becomes a portion with a rapid cooling speed, and a thick portion in the vicinity of division surface 15 becomes a portion with a slow cooling speed. Furthermore, an outer surface and an inner surface (the surface on the side of recess portion 16 ) of wall-like pin boss portion 13 are different in cooling speed. As a result, as quenching progresses, it tends to have a distortion in which wall-like pin boss portion 13 is displaced in the axial direction of lower link 11 .
  • FIG. 5 shows results of comparative experiments in the case of the multi-stage quenching method of Example and in the case of a simple continuous quenching to continue cooling by the cooling gas as Comparative Example, in terms of change of the distance between the pair of pin boss portions 13 (in other words, the width of the recess portion 16 in the axial direction) due to the above distortion.
  • nitrogen gas of 40° C. was introduced under a pressure of 0.6 MPa, and it was circulated by fan 2 , thereby conducting a rapid cooling for 1 minute. Then, as the second stage, it was depressurized to 1 kPa, followed by maintaining for 30 seconds. Furthermore, as the third stage, nitrogen gas of 40° C.
  • the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. Various modifications are possible, including the treatment temperature, time, etc. Furthermore, the present invention is also suitable for quenching of lower link lower 11 B of lower link 11 shown in FIG. 4 and can be applied to quenching of other various parts.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
US15/774,749 2015-11-11 2015-11-11 Gas quenching method Abandoned US20180327874A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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PCT/JP2015/081698 WO2017081760A1 (ja) 2015-11-11 2015-11-11 ガス焼入れ方法

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US (1) US20180327874A1 (ru)
EP (1) EP3375894A4 (ru)
JP (1) JP6497446B2 (ru)
KR (1) KR102124030B1 (ru)
CN (1) CN108350516A (ru)
BR (1) BR112018009549A2 (ru)
MX (1) MX2018005795A (ru)
RU (1) RU2690873C1 (ru)
WO (1) WO2017081760A1 (ru)

Cited By (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111719114A (zh) * 2019-03-21 2020-09-29 上海汽车变速器有限公司 控制零件孔径收缩量的气体淬火方法
US11326223B2 (en) * 2017-03-31 2022-05-10 Nippon Steel Nisshin Co., Ltd. Method and device for manufacturing steam-treated products
CN114990316A (zh) * 2022-06-20 2022-09-02 重庆长征重工有限责任公司 一种用于风力发电机组主轴的热处理方法

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US11326223B2 (en) * 2017-03-31 2022-05-10 Nippon Steel Nisshin Co., Ltd. Method and device for manufacturing steam-treated products
CN111719114A (zh) * 2019-03-21 2020-09-29 上海汽车变速器有限公司 控制零件孔径收缩量的气体淬火方法
CN114990316A (zh) * 2022-06-20 2022-09-02 重庆长征重工有限责任公司 一种用于风力发电机组主轴的热处理方法

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MX2018005795A (es) 2018-08-01
CN108350516A (zh) 2018-07-31
KR20180075647A (ko) 2018-07-04
RU2690873C1 (ru) 2019-06-06
JPWO2017081760A1 (ja) 2018-05-24
WO2017081760A1 (ja) 2017-05-18
KR102124030B1 (ko) 2020-06-17
EP3375894A4 (en) 2018-09-26
JP6497446B2 (ja) 2019-04-10
EP3375894A1 (en) 2018-09-19
BR112018009549A2 (pt) 2018-11-06

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