US20180221303A1 - Peritoneal therapeutic fluid - Google Patents

Peritoneal therapeutic fluid Download PDF

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US20180221303A1
US20180221303A1 US15/745,903 US201615745903A US2018221303A1 US 20180221303 A1 US20180221303 A1 US 20180221303A1 US 201615745903 A US201615745903 A US 201615745903A US 2018221303 A1 US2018221303 A1 US 2018221303A1
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peritoneal
compound
therapeutic fluid
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peg
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Guido Grentzmann
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Opterion Health AG
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/045—Hydroxy compounds, e.g. alcohols; Salts thereof, e.g. alcoholates
    • A61K31/05—Phenols
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/7004—Monosaccharides having only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/7016—Disaccharides, e.g. lactose, lactulose
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/702—Oligosaccharides, i.e. having three to five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic linkages
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
    • A61K47/10—Alcohols; Phenols; Salts thereof, e.g. glycerol; Polyethylene glycols [PEG]; Poloxamers; PEG/POE alkyl ethers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/26—Carbohydrates, e.g. sugar alcohols, amino sugars, nucleic acids, mono-, di- or oligo-saccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. polysorbates, sorbitan fatty acid esters or glycyrrhizin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
    • A61K47/36—Polysaccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. gums, starch, alginate, dextrin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, inulin, agar or pectin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
    • A61M1/28—Peritoneal dialysis ; Other peritoneal treatment, e.g. oxygenation
    • A61M1/287—Dialysates therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P41/00—Drugs used in surgical methods, e.g. surgery adjuvants for preventing adhesion or for vitreum substitution
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
    • A61P7/08—Plasma substitutes; Perfusion solutions; Dialytics or haemodialytics; Drugs for electrolytic or acid-base disorders, e.g. hypovolemic shock
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2202/00—Special media to be introduced, removed or treated
    • A61M2202/0021—Special media to be introduced, removed or treated removed from and reintroduced into the body, e.g. after treatment
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2202/00—Special media to be introduced, removed or treated
    • A61M2202/04—Liquids
    • A61M2202/0413—Blood

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a peritoneal therapeutic fluid showing increased biocompatibility.
  • peritoneal therapies encompass peritoneal nutrition, peritoneal dialysis, peritoneal detoxification in case of liver failure or drug abuse, treatment of primary and secondary peritoneal cancer, treatment of peritoneal infections and peritonitis, pre- or post-operative peritoneal treatment, or simply peritoneal administration of systemic treatments. They are carried out by applying peritoneal therapy fluids to the peritoneum.
  • Such fluids contain active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and compounds to establish physiological osmotic pressure.
  • APIs active pharmaceutical ingredients
  • Commonly applied compounds to achieve physiological osmotic pressure in peritoneal therapy fluids are the same as those that are used as osmotic agents in the case of dialysis, at concentrations between 0.5 and 20%, such as salts, mono- or oligo-saccharides such as glucose and glucose-oligomers or other saccharides, amino acid mono- or multimers, PEGs or proteins, derivatives and/or compositions thereof.
  • Peritoneal dialysis is the most common peritoneal therapy applied to patients. It is a form of dialysis, representing an alternative to extra-corporal hemodialysis (HD). It has the advantage of being independent from heavy instrumentation, and can be done at home.
  • the process uses the patient's highly capilarized peritoneum in the abdomen as a membrane across which fluids and dissolved substances (electrolytes, urea, glucose and other small molecules) are exchanged from the blood.
  • peritoneal dialysis fluid is introduced through a permanent tube in the abdomen and flushed out either every night while the patient sleeps (automatic peritoneal dialysis) or via regular exchanges throughout the day (continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis).
  • Peritoneal dialysis lies in the fact that the compound(s) that establish osmotic pressure represent at the same time the active pharmaceutical ingredient(s), since the goal of peritoneal dialysis is to eliminate fluid and waste products out of the blood into the peritoneal dialysate.
  • peritoneal dialysis fluids cause cytotoxicity due to high glucose concentration, glucose uptake from dialysate, the presence of glucose degradation products (GDPs), a low pH and supra-physiologic concentrations of lactate buffer.
  • GDPs glucose degradation products
  • Bacterial “by-products” Mangram et al. 1998) and infectious complications lead to inflammatory reactions (ter Wee et al. 2007). All these side-effects lead to fibrosis of the peritoneum, decreasing its dialysis efficiency over the long term. But even in absence of infections or inflammatory responses, significant fibrotic activity in the peritoneum of PD-patients may be observed (Reimold et al. 2013).
  • In vitro studies have shown cyto-toxicity of dialysis solutions on peritoneal mesothelial cells (Ha et al. 2000), which could be attributed to high osmolality, low pH, and GDPs.
  • AGEs advanced glycation end products
  • Icodextrin is such a maltodextrin derived from starch; it is a mixture of glucose polymers used as a colloidal solution in PDFs.
  • Icodextrin-containing iso-osmolar PDFs are marketed under the trade name “Extraneal” (Baxter, USA). It is supplied under acidic pH, and significant elevation in PDF levels was detected in overnight effluent of PD patients, 6 months after the switch to icodextrin PDF (Moriishi et al. 2008).
  • the present invention provides with a peritoneal therapeutic fluid and a container or kit as defined in the claims and in the following description.
  • a peritoneal therapeutic fluid is disclosed, containing one or several biocompatibility enhancing agents (BCA).
  • BCA may be characterized by reducing human peritoneal mesothelial cell-toxicity or peritoneal cell-toxicity.
  • the peritoneal therapeutic fluid of the present invention can be used for the aforementioned purposes and other purposes mentioned in this description.
  • Preferred BCAs are polyphenolic compounds or derivatives of polyphenolic compounds.
  • Particularly suitable polyphenolic compounds are Resveratrol and Piceid (Polydatin). Particularly these compounds show a cell-viability increasing effect, rescuing human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMC) from PDF induced cytotoxicity.
  • HPMC peritoneal mesothelial cells
  • the present invention provides a peritoneal therapeutic fluid comprising one or more BCAs, selected from the group consisting of a polyphenolic compound, a metabolite of a polyphenolic compound which is obtained by metabolization in the human or animal body, a salt of a polyphenolic compound, preferably a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a glycoside of a polyphenolic compound or a derivative of such compounds.
  • BCAs selected from the group consisting of a polyphenolic compound, a metabolite of a polyphenolic compound which is obtained by metabolization in the human or animal body, a salt of a polyphenolic compound, preferably a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a glycoside of a polyphenolic compound or a derivative of such compounds.
  • BCAs according to the invention are polyethylene glycol (PEG), or a derivative of a polyethylene glycol, such as mPEG.
  • a salt of a polyphenolic compound is obtained be deprotonation of a polyphenolic compound at one or more phenolic hydroxy-groups.
  • Aforementioned BCA is also called a “cytotoxicity reducing compound”, a “cytotoxicity reducing agent” or a “cell-toxicity reducing compound”, or simply “a (first) compound”. So, in the present claims, the BCA can also be called a “compound”.
  • the term “cytotoxicity reducing” and “cell-toxicity reducing” were explained in more detail above in connection with the term BCA.
  • Cytotoxicity reducing preferably means that a peritoneal therapeutic fluid of the invention shows lower cytotoxicity than a peritoneal therapeutic fluid not comprising the cytotoxicity reducing compound of the invention, and preferably having the same composition of other ingredients as the PTF of the invention.
  • a peritoneal therapeutic fluid of the invention shows higher viability of cells, preferably of human peritoneal mesothelial cells, in comparison to a peritoneal therapeutic fluid not comprising the cytotoxicity reducing compound of the invention.
  • a preferred glycoside is a glucoside.
  • a glucose moiety is bound to the polyphenolic compound, preferably via a hydroxyl group.
  • the BCA particularly a polyphenolic compound, in the peritoneal therapeutic fluid may be selected from the group of stilbenoids, phenolic acids, and flavonoids.
  • Stilbenoids are naturally occurring substances corresponding to the structure C6-C2-C6, preferably polyphenols or polyphenol derivatives, belonging to the family of phenylpropanoids.
  • Well studied Stilbenes are resveratrol (trans-3,5,4′-trihydroxystilbene), pinosylvine, piceatannol, pterostilbene, and a glycoside, piceid (resveratrol-3-O—R-mono-D-glucoside, also named as trans-3,5,4′-trihydroxystilbene-3-O—R-D-glucopyranoside).
  • the BCA preferably the polyphenolic compound
  • the BCA is selected from resveratrol, a resveratrol derivative, dihydro-resveratrol, and a glycoside thereof, such as astringin, piceid (polydatin), piceatannol, pterostilbene, piceid glucoside.
  • resveratrol a resveratrol derivative, dihydro-resveratrol
  • a glycoside thereof such as astringin, piceid (polydatin), piceatannol, pterostilbene, piceid glucoside.
  • piceid glucoside at least one further glucose moiety is bound to resveratrol via another hydroxyl group, i.e. the 5-hydroxyl group and/or the 4′-hydroxyl group of piceid.
  • the BCA preferably the polyphenolic compound
  • is caffeic acid which is a specific, but non limiting example for a phenolic acid.
  • the BCA preferably the polyphenolic compound
  • the BCA is selected from luteolin or delphinidin, which are specific, but non limiting examples for a flavonoid.
  • Resveratrol derivatives are for example described in John M Pezzuto et al., Resveratrol derivatives: a patent review (2009-2012), Expert Opin. Ther. Patents (2013) 23(12).
  • a resveratrol-derivative may be selected from the following compounds:
  • R1 is hydrogen or a group of formula
  • R2 is hydrogen or forms together with the oxygen to which it is bound an acyl group (—OCO—R3), wherein R3 is a C1-C22 alkyl group or a C2-C22 alkenyl group, wherein, if R2 is hydrogen R1 forms a group of above-shown formula, wherein in compound 6, R is one of the following moieties:
  • R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, and R10 are independently chosen from hydrogen, hydroxyl, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbyloxy, substituted hydrocarbyloxy, and sulfoxy; provided that at least one of the R groups is a hydroxyl or substituted hydroxyl group; and provided that if compound 12 is monomeric, then compound 12 is other than resveratrol, wherein in compound 15 R1, R2 and R3, independently from one another, represent H or (C1-C3)alkyl; R4 and R5 are identical or different and represent hydrogen, linear or branched (C1-C5)alkyl, a prenyl group —CH2-CH ⁇ C(CH3)2, a geranyl group —CH2-CH ⁇ C(CH3) (CH2)2CH ⁇ C(CH3)2 or R4 and R1, and independently R5 and R2, together with the atoms they are linked to, form one of the following groups:
  • a BCA may be a compound of formula 19:
  • the BCA preferably the polyphenolic compound, may be selected from the group comprising:
  • phenolic acids such as gallic acid, ellagic acid, vanillic acid; propyl gallate, protocatechuic acid, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, danielone, syringic acid, salicylic acid, gentisic acid, p-hydroxy benzoic acid, rosmarinic acid, rosmanol, quinic acid, sinapic acid, epi-isorosmanol, isorosmanol, E-anethol, 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid, ferulic acid; phenolic diterpenes such as carnosol and carnosic acid; coumarines such as coumarin, ombelliferon
  • the BCA in the peritoneal therapeutic fluid may be solubilized by complexation to a cyclodextrin, or by conjugation to a soluble moiety, which means a water soluble moiety, or by contacting with nanoparticles, preferably water soluble nanoparticles.
  • the BCA in the peritoneal therapeutic fluid may be emulsified, for example by addition of a suitable surfactant.
  • the BCA in the peritoneal therapeutic fluid may be suspended, for example treatment of the compound of the PTF by ultrasound, thereby breaking larger particles of the compound into smaller particles.
  • the BCA in the peritoneal therapeutic fluid may be solubilized through chemical binding to a highly soluble moiety.
  • the BCA in the peritoneal therapeutic fluid if it is not PEG or a derivative of PEG, may be solubilized through pegylation with Polyethyleneglycol (PEG) or Methoxy-Polyethyleneglycol (mPEG).
  • the BCA may be a polyethylene glycol (PEG), or a derivative of a polyethylene glycol, such as mPEG. So, a PEG or PEG derivative may be present in the PTF of the invention as a BCA on its own.
  • PEG polyethylene glycol
  • mPEG polyethylene glycol
  • the following description relates to a) PEG or PEG derivative as an autonomous BCA and also to b) PEG or PEG derivative as a compound that is used for pegylation.
  • the PEG or mPEG may have a molecular weight above 400 Da.
  • the PEG or the mPEG may be selected from the group comprising PEG 600, mPEG 600, PEG 1000, mPEG 1000, PEG 1450, mPEG 1450, PEG 3350 and mPEG 3350, or the like.
  • one or more BCAs may be present in a concentration of 0.001 mg/L to 5 g/L, preferentially between 0.001 mg and 1 g/l further preferred between 0.01 and 500 mg/L. These concentrations, and other concentrations for BCA that are given in g/L, relate to the total concentration of all BCA if more than one BCA is present.
  • one or more BCAs may be present in a concentration of 0.05 to 60 ⁇ Mol/L, preferentially between 0.05 to 40 ⁇ Mol/L further preferred between 0.05 to 20 ⁇ Mol/L. These concentrations, and other concentrations for BCA that are given in ⁇ Mol/L, relate to the total concentration of all BCA if more than one BCA is present.
  • the one or more BCAs may be present in a concentration of 0.02 ⁇ M to 315 ⁇ M, preferentially 0.07 ⁇ M to 100 ⁇ M further preferred 0.2 ⁇ M to 50 ⁇ M. Said molar concentration relates to each individual BCA if more than one BCA is present.
  • the peritoneal therapeutic fluid may be used as a peritoneal dialysis fluid, as a peritoneal therapeutic fluid with decreased cytotoxicity on human peritoneal mesothelial cells.
  • the peritoneal therapy fluids of the present invention are particularly suitable for use as peritoneal dialysis fluids.
  • the peritoneal therapeutic fluid may comprise one or more of an ingredient which is selected from the following: alkali metal ions, alkaline earth metal ions, an osmotic agent, and/or a pH-buffer.
  • the peritoneal therapeutic fluid comprises an osmotic agent and/or a pH-buffer, and preferably also alkali metal ions and/or alkaline earth metal ions.
  • An osmotic agent is an agent capable of increasing osmolality of a solution.
  • An osmotic agent is preferably biocompatible.
  • the peritoneal therapeutic fluid may comprise at least one saccharide, which may be a mono-, oligo- or polysaccharide. Examples are fructose, glucose, maltose or maltodextrin.
  • the invention is also directed to a peritoneal therapeutic fluid container or kit comprising at least one liquid containing compartment, wherein liquid of at least one compartment contains a compound as mentioned above, wherein the compound is solubilized.
  • the Peritoneal therapeutic fluid container or kit may comprise at least two compartments, which after mixation generates a peritoneal therapeutic fluid as defined above, wherein at least one compartment contains a solubilized BCA as mentioned above.
  • the Peritoneal therapeutic fluid container or kit may comprise at least two compartments, which after mixation generate a peritoneal therapeutic fluid as defined above, wherein at least one compartment contains a dry and unsolubelized BCA (for example in powder form) as mentioned above, that maybe solubilized by contacting liquid from one of the other compartments, just before application.
  • a dry and unsolubelized BCA for example in powder form
  • the peritoneal dialysis fluid container or kit may comprise one or several compartments, wherein at least one compartment contains a part of a dialysis fluid comprising an osmotic driver such as glucose, maltodextrin or other sugars or sugar polymers, aminoacids, cyclodextrins, Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) or other osmotic drivers, or derivatives of such osmotic drivers or a mixture of the described osmotic driver compounds and/or their derivatives.
  • an osmotic driver such as glucose, maltodextrin or other sugars or sugar polymers, aminoacids, cyclodextrins, Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) or other osmotic drivers, or derivatives of such osmotic drivers or a mixture of the described osmotic driver compounds and/or their derivatives.
  • the peritoneal dialysis fluid container or kit may comprise one or several compartments, wherein at least one compartment contains a BCA as described before in dry or solubilized form, for example as a part of a dialysis fluid comprising the BCA in a solubilized formulation.
  • the Peritoneal therapeutic fluid container or kit may be used in peritoneal dialysis.
  • a BCA in the present application, is preferably a polyphenolic compound or derivative thereof that presents a PDF induced cyto-toxicity decreasing activity.
  • BCAs also include metabolized derivates of polyphenolic compounds that exhibit cyto-toxicity decreasing activity in presence of fluids for peritoneal treatment.
  • polyphenolic compound comprises compounds that are characterized by at least two phenolic hydroxyl groups.
  • a polyphenol comprises at least two hydroxyl groups which are bound to one or more aromatic rings.
  • glycoside of a polyphenolic compound is used in the present application to refer to a polyphenolic compound to which a sugar moiety is bound via a glycosidic bond.
  • the sugar moiety is preferably bound to a hydroxyl group of the polyphenolic compound via a glycosidic bond, thereby forming an acetal of the sugar moiety.
  • the sugar moiety may be a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, a trisaccharide, or an oligosaccharide.
  • one or more sugar moieties may be bound to a polyphenolic compound, respectively, preferably via one or more hydroxyl groups.
  • BCA bio-compatibility enhancing agents
  • a polyphenolic compound a metabolite of a polyphenolic compound which is obtained by metabolization in the human or animal body, a salt of a polyphenolic compound, a glycoside of a polyphenolic compound, derivatives of such compounds, or a polyphenolic compound that is chemically linked to a solubilizing moiety, such as a pegylated polyphenolic compound.
  • BCA bio-compatibility enhancing agents
  • BCAs are stilbenoids and derivatives thereof, even more preferred resveratrol and derivatives thereof, such as piceid (polydatin), piceid glucosides, Piceatannol, and Pterostilbene.
  • BCAs in the present application may include, and may be characterized as, cyto-toxicity reducing agents.
  • PEG Polyethylene glycol
  • polyethylene glycol or a derivative of a polyethylene glycol, such as mPEG can be a BCA on its own.
  • the PEG that is used for binding to another BCA may be activated.
  • Activation preferably means that PEG comprises a functional group that allows coupling to another compound. Examples are given below.
  • polyethylene glycol 600 refers to linear polyethylene glycols that are generally known and commercially available for example as Carbowax PEGs.
  • PEGs In order to link the PEGs to a polyphenol, preferentially a stilbenoid, more preferentially resveratrol, a piceid or a piceid glucoside, PEGs have to be covalently bound to the BCAs, a process known as pegylation.
  • activated PEG has to be activated.
  • activated PEGs can be coupled to polyphenolic Compounds, as a means of attaching bound biocompatibility enhancing additive to fixed supports or to solubilize them in aqueous fluids.
  • Commercially available examples for “activated PEGs” are:
  • Aminoalkyl PEGs CH3O—(CH2CH2O)n-(CH2)n′—NH2.
  • peritoneal therapy fluid is used in the present application to refer to a fluid that can be used in a peritoneal therapy.
  • Peritoneal therapies encompass, for example, peritoneal nutrition, peritoneal dialysis, peritoneal detoxification in case of liver failure or drug abuse, treatment of primary and secondary peritoneal cancer, treatment of peritoneal infections and peritonitis, pre- or post-operative peritoneal treatment, or peritoneal administration of systemic treatments.
  • a “peritoneal dialysis fluid” (PDF) is a “peritoneal therapy fluid” (PTF) that is used for peritoneal dialysis.
  • Peritoneal therapy is carried out by applying a peritoneal therapeutic fluid to the peritoneum.
  • a Peritoneal therapeutic fluid of the invention may comprise a polyphenolic compound, a metabolite of a polyphenolic compound which is obtained by metabolization in the human or animal body, or a glycoside of a polyphenolic compound, or a derivative of these compounds. Further possible ingredients are disclosed in this description.
  • peritoneal therapy fluid PPF
  • peripheral dialysis fluid PDF
  • the peritoneal therapy fluid may comprise one or more of the following components:
  • Alkali equivalents may also be called pH buffers.
  • the PTF of the invention may contain lactate at a concentration between 10 and 100 mM and/or bicarbonate at a concentration between 5 and 100 mM, or other physiologically acceptable pH buffers.
  • a “peritoneal therapeutic fluid” (PTF) or a “peritoneal dialysis fluid” (PDF) is introduced and maintained in the peritoneal cavity of a patient in need of such treatment or of dialysis, for a time period of usually 1 to 24 hours. After treatment has occurred, the fluid is removed from the patient's peritoneal cavity.
  • Peritoneal therapeutic fluids preferably contain one or a mixture of several “osmotic agents”, to establish physiological osmolality.
  • osmolality is higher than physiological osmolality in order to draw liquid and small molecular weight “waste molecules” out of the patient's blood into the dialysate.
  • PDFs are usually applied at osmolalities between about 280 and 500 mOsm/kg.
  • a peritoneal therapeutic fluid of the invention comprises one or more of a saccharide, wherein the saccharide may be a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, an oligosaccharide or a polysaccharide, or any mixture thereof, preferably a mono- or oligo-saccharide, which is an ingredient of the PTF.
  • solubility and stability of a polyphenolic compound, of a metabolite of a polyphenolic compound, of a salt or of a derivative of a polyphenolic compound such as a glycoside of a polyphenolic compound, or of derivative of these compounds can be increased when a peritoneal therapy fluid comprises one or a mixture of mono- and/or oligo-saccharides.
  • Preferred saccharides are selected from biologically metabolizable or biologically inactive saccharides such as fructose, glucose, sucrose, maltose or dextrins. Further embodiment related to saccharides are described in the following paragraphs.
  • the saccharide preferably has a maximum molecular weight of 50 kD.
  • 1 D (Dalton) corresponds to 1 g/mol. More preferably, the molecular weight is in a range of 90D-50 kD. Said molecular weight is range of a molecular weight of molecules present in the saccharide.
  • the saccharide can be a mixture of saccharides of different chain lengths (different numbers of monosaccharide units). So, the saccharide preferably has a molecular weight distribution in the range of 90D-50 kD.
  • oligo/poly-saccharides may vary widely:
  • the at least one saccharide has a molecular weight of 90D to 1.5 kD.
  • the at least one saccharide has a molecular weight of 1.5 kD to 50 kD.
  • the at least one saccharide has a molecular weight of 350D to 50 kD.
  • the saccharide may be a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, an oligosaccharide or a polysaccharide, wherein an oligo- or polysaccharide, or a mixture of different mono-, di-, oligo- and/or poly-saccharides.
  • a polysaccharide preferably comprises, or is composed of, up to 500 monosaccharide units in maximum.
  • a mono-saccharide may be selected from a triose such as glyceraldehyde and glucerone, a tetrose, such as erythroses, threose and erythrulose, a pentose, such as ribose, arabinose, xylose, lyxose, ribulose and xylulose, or a hexose, such as allose, altrose, glucose, mannose, gulose, idose, galactose, talose, psicose, fructose, sorbose and tagatose, and may also be defined as a saccharide of a molecular weight of roughly 90 to 200 D.
  • a triose such as glyceraldehyde and glucerone
  • a tetrose such as erythroses, threose and erythrulose
  • saccharide may be selected from derivatives of mono-saccharide, such as aminoglycosides, such as glucosamine, galactosamine, N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine, which may not or may be sulfated to different degrees.
  • aminoglycosides such as glucosamine, galactosamine, N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine, which may not or may be sulfated to different degrees.
  • a mono-saccharide may be further selected from uronic sugars, such as glucuronic acid or iduronic acid.
  • a di-saccharide may be selected from sucrose, Gentiobiulose, Laminaribiose, Gentiobiose, Rutinulose, Xylobiose, trehalose, ⁇ , ⁇ -Trehalose, ⁇ , ⁇ -Trehalose, lactulose, sophorose, lactose, cellobiose, chitobiose, or from reducing alpha-disaccharides such as maltose, Kojibiose, Nigerose, Isomaltose, Turanose, Maltulose, Palatinose (Isomaltulose), Mannobiose, Melibiose, Melibiulose, Rutinose, and may also be defined as a saccharide of a molecular weight of about 150 to 400 D.
  • di-saccharide may further comprise glycosaminoglycan-di-saccharides”, preferably glucosaminoglucan-di-saccharides, composed of an aminoglucoside and a monosaccharide, which may be acetylated or sulfated to different degrees.
  • glycosaminoglycan-di-saccharides preferably glucosaminoglucan-di-saccharides, composed of an aminoglucoside and a monosaccharide, which may be acetylated or sulfated to different degrees.
  • An oligo-saccharide may be Trisaccharides or saccharides of higher degree of polymerization, selected from an oligomer of above cited saccharides, a product of limited hydrolysis of a linear or branched homo-polysaccharide, such as a amylose, amylopectin, fructan such as inulin, glucan, galactan and mannan, cellulose, arabic gum, amylose, amylopectin, glycogen, dextran, and hemicellulose, a product of limited hydrolysis of a hetero-polysaccharide, such as hemi-cellulose, arabinoxylose, or pectine, or a product of limited hydrolysis of a mixed polysaccharide, such as starch.
  • a product of limited hydrolysis of a linear or branched homo-polysaccharide such as a amylose, amylopectin, fructan such as inulin, glucan, galactan and mannan,
  • a oligo-saccharide may be an alpha-glucan, preferably a reducing alpha glucan, with a degree of polymerization of 3 or higher, exemplified by, but not limited to isomaltotriose, nigerotriose, maltotriose, melezitose; maltotriulose, raffinose, kestose, maltodextrins of different molecular weight or other hydrolysis products from alpha glucans, such as Dextran, glycogen, pullulan, floridean starch, starches, amylose, amylopectine, hydrolyzed starches, and mixtures thereof, preferably with molecular weights between 300D and 300 KD.
  • saccharide also comprises derivatives of a saccharide.
  • the saccharide may be a derivative of a saccharide, such as an oxidized saccharide, such as a saccharic acid, or another acidic saccharide, such as a sulfuric ester groups containing saccharide, a deoxy-saccharide, an acetylated saccharide or an amylated saccharide, and corresponding homo- and hetero-oligo-saccharides.
  • saccharide may further comprise oligo- and/or poly-saccharides composed of composed of “glycosaminoglycan-disaccharides”, also called Glycosaminoglycans or mucopolysaccharides.
  • alpha-Glucosaminoglycans such as Heparins are selected.
  • the saccharide is selected from glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose, a homo-oligomer thereof, a hetero-oligomer thereof, or a mixture thereof.
  • the saccharide is selected from glucose, icodextrin, or a mixture thereof.
  • the saccharide is selected from a reducing alpha-glucan, and/or a reducing derivated alpha-glucan, exemplified but not limited to a heparin or a heparin derivate, and one or several saccharide mono- and di-mers.
  • oligo-saccharides and polysaccharides cover saccharides composed of between 3 and 500 monosaccharide-units, preferably 3 to 300 monosaccharide-units. In another definition, oligo-saccharides and polysaccharides have to a molecular weight between 250D and 50 KD.
  • an oligosaccharide means saccharides composed of between 3 to 20 monosaccharide-units.
  • a polysaccharide means saccharides composed of between 21 to 500 monosaccharide-units.
  • Icodextrin which is a type of maltodextrin or can be derived from maltodextrin, is a polydisperse mixture of polymers with varying chain lengths (2-300 linked glucose molecules corresponding to a molecular weight of 350 to 50 kD), its molecular weight is characterized by both a number average (Mn) and a weight average (Mw) molecular weight.
  • Mn number average
  • Mw weight average molecular weight
  • MW of polysaccharides is very heterogeneous.
  • the Mw (Berry method) of starch from waxy corn is 2.27 ⁇ 10 8 Da, waxy rice 8.9 ⁇ 10 7 Da, cassava 5.7 ⁇ 10 7 Da, Hylon V 2.7 ⁇ 10 7 Da, Hylon VII 4.8 ⁇ 10 6 Da, and potato amylose 1.9 ⁇ 105 Da (Yokoyama et al., Cereal chemistry, volume: 75, 530.
  • the at least one saccharide may be present in a total concentration of ⁇ 0.02% by weight (200 mg/L). It has been shown that a concentration as low as this concentration enhances polyphenol stability.
  • the at least one saccharide may be present in a total concentration of ⁇ 0.75% by weight (7.5 g/L). It has been shown that such concentration enhances polyphenol stability and/or solubility of polyphenol.
  • the at least one saccharide may be present in a total concentration of ⁇ 2.4% by weight. It has been shown that such concentration further enhances polyphenol stability and/or solubility of polyphenol.
  • the at least one saccharide may be present in a total concentration of ⁇ 5% by weight. It has been shown that such concentration further enhances polyphenol stability and/or solubility of polyphenol.
  • the at least one saccharide may be present in a total concentration of ⁇ 7.5% by weight (75 g/L). It has been shown that such concentration enhances polyphenol stability and solubility of polyphenol.
  • the at least one saccharide may be present in a total concentration of ⁇ 20% by weight (200 g/L). It has been shown that such concentration further enhances polyphenol stability and solubility of polyphenol.
  • the upper limit of concentration of the at least one saccharide is preferably the concentration of saturation.
  • Another possible upper limits, that could be combined with any of the lower limits in this description, are 45%, 40%, 30% by weight.
  • the at least one saccharide of a molecular weight of 90D to 500 D and is present in a total concentration of ⁇ 0.02% (200 mg/L) minimum, thereby enhancing polyphenols solubility and/or stability.
  • the at least one saccharide of a molecular weight of 90D to 500 D is present in a total concentration of ⁇ 0.75% (7.5 g/L) minimum, thereby enhancing polyphenols solubility and/or stability.
  • the at least one saccharide of a molecular weight of 90D to 500 D is present in a total concentration of ⁇ 7.5% (75 g/L) minimum, thereby enhancing polyphenols solubility and stability.
  • the at least one saccharide of a molecular weight of 350 D to 50 kD is present in a total concentration of ⁇ 0.02% by weight (200 mg/L), thereby minimum enhancing polyphenol solubility and/or stability.
  • At least one saccharide of a molecular weight of 350 D to 50 kD is present in a total concentration of ⁇ 0.2% by weight (2 g/L), thereby enhancing polyphenol solubility and/or stability.
  • At least one saccharide of a molecular weight of 350 D to 50 kD is present in a total concentration of ⁇ 2% by weight (20 g/L), thereby enhancing polyphenol solubility and/or stability.
  • At least one saccharide of a molecular weight of 350 D to 50 kD is present in a total concentration of ⁇ 5% by weight (50 g/L), thereby enhancing polyphenol solubility and/or stability.
  • At least one saccharide of a molecular weight of 350 kD to 50 kD is present in a total concentration of ⁇ 7.5% by weight (75 g/L), thereby enhancing polyphenol solubility and/or stability.
  • Different concentrations of the at least one saccharide may be employed.
  • the concentration refers to the total concentration of all saccharides present in the solution.
  • concentrations are given in percent by weight, 1% by weight corresponds to 10 g/L.
  • a concentration of said mono- or oligo-saccharide of 0.02% (200 mg/L) significantly increases polyphenol stability.
  • a concentration of ⁇ 0.02% (200 mg/L), preferably ⁇ 0.75% (7.5 g/L), more preferably ⁇ 2.4% (24 g/L), further preferably ⁇ 5% (50 g/L) enhances polyphenol solubility and stability.
  • concentration ranges for saccharide can be combined with any concentration ranges described herein for a BCA.
  • a sugar can also fulfill the function of an osmotic agent, as described herein.
  • the sugar is not covalently bound to the BCA, i.e. the cytotoxicity reducing agent.
  • the sugar is preferably a dissolved component of a PTF.
  • Solubility of Polyphenolic BCAs may also be increased by amino acids, and therefore such BCAs may also be applied to amino acid containing peritoneal therapeutic or dialysis solutions.
  • the Peritoneal therapeutic fluid may therefore comprise at least one amino acid.
  • One or more amino acids may be present individually or as mixtures at concentrations between 0.01 and 10% for therapeutic liquids, or at higher concentrations, if highly concentrated BCA shall be formulated.
  • the present invention provides and claims peritoneal therapy fluids (PTFs) comprising bio-compatibility enhancing additives (BCAs), as addressed in the definitions.
  • PTFs peritoneal therapy fluids
  • BCAs bio-compatibility enhancing additives
  • Bio-compatibility enhancing additives are preferably used at concentrations between 0.001 mg/L and 5 g/L in the dialysis fluid, a concentration of 0.001 mg/L to 1 g/L is further preferred, a concentration of 0.01 to 500 mg/L is especially preferred.
  • Concentrations of BCA in the present invention are preferably measured after 1 hour stirring at room temperature (which is preferably 20-23° C., more preferably 22° C.), particularly if the BCA is a polyphenolic compound, a metabolite of a polyphenolic compound which is obtained by metabolization in the human or animal body, a salt of a polyphenolic compound, a glycoside of a polyphenolic compound, or derivative of these compounds. So, concentrations of said compound correspond to measured solubility after 1 hour stirring at room temperature. Concentration is measured in a PTF of the invention. So, BCA can be dissolved in water. Other ingredients of a PTF, which are mentioned in this description, are preferably present.
  • the time of stirring is one hour. In some cases, other stirring times are indicated, such as 12 hours.
  • solubility after one hour stirring cannot be equated with a maximum or absolute concentration is illustrated by the fact that for example the concentration of resveratrol after 1 hour stirring between 10 and 15 mg/L evolves above 24 mg/L after 12 hours.
  • Bio-compatibility enhancing agents may be polyphenols, preferentially stilbenoids, such as resveratrol; or derivatives thereof, preferentially glucoside-stilbenoids such as piceid or piceid glucosides, Piceatannol, or Pterostilbene; or solubilized Polyphenols through complexation, such as cyclodextrin-polyphenol complexes or through conjugation with a highly soluble moiety such as PEG, resulting in pegylated polyphenols, preferentially pegylated stilbenoids, more preferentially pegylated resveratrol, piceid, piceid glucoside, Piceatannol, and Pterostilbene.
  • stilbenoids such as resveratrol
  • glucoside-stilbenoids such as piceid or piceid glucosides, Piceatannol, or Pterostilbene
  • solubilized Polyphenols through complexation
  • the invention provides PTFs comprising any combination of above described BCAs.
  • the PTF is a peritoneal dialysis fluid.
  • one BCA, or multiple BCAs in combination are present in a concentration of 0.001 mg/L to 5 g/L.
  • the present inventor has surprisingly found that these BCAs or BCA combinations reduce cyto-toxicity of commonly applied peritoneal dialysis fluids, thereby increasing biocompatibility of PTFs.
  • one BCA, or multiple BCAs in combination are present in a concentration of 0.001 to 1 g/L.
  • the present inventor has surprisingly found that these BCAs or BCA combinations reduce cyto-toxicity of commonly applied peritoneal dialysis fluids, thereby increasing biocompatibility of PTFs.
  • one BCA, or multiple BCAs in combination are present in a concentration of 0.01 to 500 mg/L.
  • the present inventor has surprisingly found that these BCAs or BCA combinations reduce cyto-toxicity of commonly applied peritoneal dialysis fluids, thereby increasing biocompatibility of PTFs.
  • the invention provides a process for manufacturing of a PTF herein described, using methods known to the one of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the invention provides with a peritoneal therapeutic fluid container or kit comprising at least one liquid containing compartment, wherein liquid of at least one compartment contains a BCA as mentioned before, wherein the BCA is solubilized.
  • the liquid containing compartment may comprise a saccharide as disclosed before, wherein the saccharide is preferably selected from glucose, an alpha-glucan, glucose di-tri- or oligo-mers, maltodextrin, icodextrin, or alpha-glucan polysaccharide hydrolysate of higher average molecular weight, or a mixture thereof.
  • the peritoneal dialysis container or kit may contain a BCA solubilized in the PTF, or in one of the fluids composing the final PTF.
  • the invention provides with a Peritoneal therapeutic fluid container or kit comprising at least two compartments, also called multicompartment container, wherein at least one compartment contains a BCA as mentioned before, wherein the BCA may be in solid form or in liquid solution, solubilized or in suspension. At least one compartment may comprise a solubilized BCA in concentrated form.
  • a multicompartment container preferably comprises at least one dry compartment, containing one or several BCAs in solid form, preferably powder form, to be solubilized just before application of the PD solution. At least one further compartment may comprise a liquid.
  • a solid BCA in a first compartment maybe solubilized by contacting with a liquid from one of the other compartments, just before application.
  • a liquid from one of the other compartments may comprise a saccharide as disclosed before, wherein the saccharide is preferably selected from glucose, maltodextrin, icodextrin, or a mixture thereof, or one of the other saccharides as mentioned before.
  • a PTF container or kit comprising one or multiple compartments, wherein at least one compartment contains a part of a dialysis fluid comprising glucose, maltodextrin, aminoacids PEGs, cylcodextrins or alternative osmotic drivers, or a derivative of such osmotic drivers, or a mixture of any such molecules, in a dialysis fluid as described above.
  • a multi-compartment container or kit may contain at least one compartment containing a sugar or sugar polymer derived osmotic agent under acidic conditions (pH between 1 and 6).
  • the container or kit may further be characterized in that at least one second compartment contains a further part of the dialysis fluid at basic pH, which, upon mixture with the fluid from the first compartment, reconstitutes a PTF with a pH between 6.5 to 8, preferably between 6.8 and 7.5.
  • Molecular weight in the present invention is preferably measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), preferably gel permeation chromatography with light scattering and refractive index detection (GPC-RI-MALLS).
  • GPC gel permeation chromatography
  • GPC-RI-MALLS gel permeation chromatography with light scattering and refractive index detection
  • FIG. 1 Comparative testing of PDFs after 48 hours results in decreased resazurin to reorufin conversion
  • FIG. 2 Results of resazurin to reorufin conversion, Resveratrol, Polydatin, PEG, PD solution #1;
  • FIG. 3 Results of resazurin to reorufin conversion, Resveratrol, Polydatin, PEG, PD solution #2;
  • FIG. 4 Results of resazurin to reorufin conversion, Resveratrol, Polydatin, PEG, PD solution #3;
  • FIG. 5 Results with Medium control
  • FIG. 6 Results of resazurin to reorufin conversion, Resveratrol in different PD solutions
  • FIG. 7 Results of resazurin to reorufin conversion, Piceatannol in different PD solutions
  • FIG. 8 Results of resazurin to reorufin conversion, Pterostilbene in different PD solutions
  • FIG. 9 a,b Results of resazurin to reorufin conversion, Piceid in different PD solutions
  • FIG. 10 Results of resazurin to reorufin conversion, Caffeic acid in different PD solutions
  • FIG. 11 Results of resazurin to reorufin conversion, Luteolin in different PD solutions
  • FIG. 12 Results of resazurin to reorufin conversion, Delphinidin in different PD solutions
  • FIG. 13 Results of peritoneal VEGF expression in Sprague-Dawley rats after 2 to 4 weeks Peritoneal Dialysis with PD solution #4 in absence or presence of Resveratrol 40 ⁇ M (average concentrations and standard deviations).
  • the saccharides are dissolved in extra-pure water in a concentration of 0.5% (w/v).
  • the solutions are heated at 95° C. for 30 minutes.
  • the polymers are fractionated on a precolumn and three columns having the separation ranges 300-10 4 , 5 ⁇ 10 4 -2 ⁇ 10 6 and 10 6 -10 8 (SUPREMA-Gel, PSS Polymer Standards Service GmbH, Mainz, Germany).
  • BCA added “biocompatibility enhancing agent”. Concentrations in % (w/v) and mEq/L; osmolality in mOsm/kg. Tested BCAs are:
  • BCA added “biocompatibility enhancing agent”. Concentrations in % (w/v) and mEq/L; osmolality in mOsm/kg. Tested BCAs are: R Resveratrol, P Piceidand PE PEG 1450 Carbowax.
  • Table 1 shows peritoneal dialysis fluids, compared for testing the effect of reduction of cytotoxicity by addition of tested BCAs. The study involves evaluation of additions of BCAs at different concentrations to PD solutions.
  • Physioneal 3.86 was chosen to show the impact of high glucose concentration at physiological pH in an environment of low lactate buffer.
  • StaySafe 4.25 was chosen to show combined challenge of acidic pH and high glucose concentration.
  • Extraneal was chosen to compare the difference of glucose and maltodextrin at acidic pH and at high lactate concentration.
  • HPMC Human peritoneal mesothelial cells
  • the intra-cellular ATP level was determined with the CTG assay. For this, media was completely removed from all wells by aspiration, 60 ⁇ l of CTG reagent was added to each well, and incubated for 5 min at RT while softly shaking (50 rpm). Using a Victor3 1420 Multilabel Counter, the emitted luminescence produced in the CTG assay was measured. For the dose-response relationship, absolute luminescence (background subtracted) was related to the negative (medium) control and relative viability values were plotted against the test item concentrations. For the dose-response relationship, absolute luminescence (background subtracted) was related to the negative (medium) control and relative viability values in presence of BCA were plotted against the BCA concentrations.
  • Resveratrol improves cell viability of HPMC cells up to 40%. Piceid (polydatin) shows minor improvements.
  • Resveratrol improves cell viability of HPMC cells up to 40%. PEG shows minor improvements.
  • control medium without cytotoxic stress, resveratrol, piceid (polydatin) and PEG have no significant effect on cell viability until Cmax.
  • Resveratrol improves viability of HPMC cells exposed to PD-Solution #1 by up to 84%. Resveratrol improves viability of HPMC sells exposed to PD-Solution #2 by up to 28%. Resveratrol improves viability of HPMC cells exposed to PD-Solution #3 by up to 105%.
  • Piceatanol improves cell viability of HPMC cells, when exposed to PD-Solution #3 by up to 44%, and when exposed to PD-Solution #4 by up to 40%.
  • Pterostilbene improves cell viability of HPMC cells, when exposed to PD-Solution #3 by 183%, and when exposed to PD-Solution #4 by 118%.
  • Luteolin improves cell viability of HPMC cells, when exposed to PD-Solution #3 by up to 56%, and when exposed to PD-Solution #4 by up to 21%.
  • Delphinidin improves cell viability of HPMC cells, when exposed to PD-Solution #3 by up to 57%. No cell viability improvement du to Delphinidin was observed under the applied experimental conditions, when testing HPMC cells expose to PD-Solution #4.
  • results from examples 1 to 4 indicate a general effect of tested BCAs by increasing cell-viability of HPMC cells, when exposed to PD-Solutions.
  • concentration of maximal activity varies between 0.08 ⁇ M and 18.5 ⁇ M, but in some cases concentrations of 167 or even 500 ⁇ M were highly efficacious.
  • concentrations of 167 or even 500 ⁇ M were highly efficacious.
  • variability of concentration with highest efficacy is not surprising, reflecting different bioavailbilities and target affinities. Nevertheless, such a general impact of so many representatives of given classes of naturally occurring compounds within the same model is a striking discovery.
  • All tested compounds showed some improvement of HPMCs when exposed to at least one of the 4 tested PD-Solutions.
  • All tested Stilbenoids (Resveratrol, Piceid, Piceatanol and Pterostlben) increased cell viability as well on Glucose based as ond Icodextrin based PD-Solutions.
  • a toxicity cell model is a relatively fragile model, and that measurable cell-culture toxicity decrease is already dependent on measurable cell-toxicity in the first place. Nevertheless we observed overall higher stress due to Icodextrin based PTFs as compared to Glucose Based PTFs, under the applied experimental conditions. Such stronger toxicity challenge enabled us to show BCA activity of tested compounds over a larger range of concentrations. The results of Piceid show highest variation of all tested compounds. We believe that the need of metabolization of piceid, dependent on metabolic capacity of cultured cells, might be a reason for such variability. In example 4 we succeeded to show reproducible BCA activity of Piceid in 3 different experimental set-ups
  • Peritoneal access ports were inserted in male Sprague-Dawley rats. After one week, rats started to received peritoneal treatment: 10 rats receive once daily 20 ml of Sol #4, 10 rats received 20 ml of Sol #4 with addition of selected BCA (resveratrol), during 2 hour infusions. After 2 to 4 weeks, the abdomen was opened, the peritoneum was recovered and submitted to protein extraction. Tissue VEGF concentration was established by ELISA (Abcam Rat VEGF ELISA Kit, ab100787) on obtained protein preparations (pg/ml).
  • VEGF concentration Treatment pg/mL
  • Statistical PD Solution Animal prot. prep. results

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