US20180187280A1 - Mechanical component - Google Patents

Mechanical component Download PDF

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Publication number
US20180187280A1
US20180187280A1 US15/740,240 US201615740240A US2018187280A1 US 20180187280 A1 US20180187280 A1 US 20180187280A1 US 201615740240 A US201615740240 A US 201615740240A US 2018187280 A1 US2018187280 A1 US 2018187280A1
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Prior art keywords
mechanical component
equal
target object
quench
hardened layer
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US15/740,240
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English (en)
Inventor
Miyu SATO
Chikara Ohki
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NTN Corp
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NTN Corp
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Assigned to NTN CORPORATION reassignment NTN CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: OHKI, CHIKARA, SATO, Miyu
Publication of US20180187280A1 publication Critical patent/US20180187280A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/08Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
    • C21D9/085Cooling or quenching
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/06Surface hardening
    • C21D1/09Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
    • C21D1/10Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation by electric induction
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/001Austenite
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a mechanical component, more particularly, a mechanical component having a hardened layer formed in a surface layer of the mechanical component.
  • An ECAP (Equal Channel Angular Processing) method is a representative method for applying large strain to a metal material.
  • the ECAP method is drawing attention as a large-strain processing method with which the shape of a material is not much changed before and after the processing.
  • an amount of strain in one processing is not so large. Therefore, in the ECAP method, the processing has to be performed multiple times in order to exhibit desired fine crystal grains and plasticity. This presents a problem in terms of processing efficiency.
  • Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2007-308806
  • PTD 1 Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2007-308806
  • the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problem, and has an object to provide a mechanical component composed of a steel having high strength.
  • a mechanical component according to the present disclosure is a mechanical component composed of a steel having a carbon content of more than or equal to 0.2 mass % and less than or equal to 0.8 mass %, the mechanical component including a quench-hardened layer formed in a surface layer of the mechanical component.
  • a grain size number of prior austenite crystal grains is No. 11 or higher.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart for illustrating a method for manufacturing a mechanical component according to the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a configuration of a processing apparatus used in a heat treatment step shown in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross sectional view of the mechanical component according to the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 shows a photograph of an external appearance of a sample used in an experiment.
  • FIG. 5 shows an enlarged photograph of a cross section of a sample 1 .
  • FIG. 6 shows an enlarged photograph of a cross section of a sample 2 .
  • FIG. 7 shows an enlarged photograph of a cross section of a sample 3 .
  • a preparing step (S 10 ) is performed first.
  • this step (S 10 ) there are prepared: a steel target object 1 (see FIG. 2 ) to be formed into the mechanical component; and a processing apparatus such as one shown in FIG. 2 .
  • Target object 1 may be processed into a general shape for mechanical components.
  • Target object 1 may have a carbon content of more than or equal to 0.2 mass %.
  • Processing object 1 can be processed using any conventionally known method.
  • target object 1 For the material of target object 1 , a steel having any composition can be employed; however, the material has a carbon content of more than or equal to 0.2 mass %, for example.
  • Any shape of target object 1 can be employed; however, target object 1 may have a shape (for example, bar-like shape) with a longitudinal axis extending in a predetermined direction as shown in FIG. 2 , for example.
  • a cross sectional shape thereof in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of target object 1 can be any shape, but may be a circular shape, for example.
  • a heat treatment step (S 20 ) is performed.
  • a quenching treatment is performed by heating a surface portion of target object 1 to a heating temperature more than or equal to an A3 transformation point temperature and then cooling the surface portion of target object 1 , under application of shear strain to the surface portion of target object 1 .
  • the heating temperature is more than or equal to 800° C.
  • the surface portion of the target object is cooled at a rate of more than or equal to 35° C./second in a temperature range from 850° C. to 300° C.
  • a post-treatment step (S 30 ) is performed.
  • target object 1 having been through the heat treatment step (S 20 ) is subjected to grinding, washing, and/or other processes, thereby obtaining a final mechanical component.
  • any conventionally known method(s) can be used for the grinding, washing, and/or other processes.
  • the processing apparatus mainly includes: a rotating portion 4 that holds one end portion of target object 1 , a fixing portion 5 that fixes the other end portion of target object 1 , a heating coil 2 for performing induction heating; a cooling nozzle 3 for performing a quenching treatment; a matching board 6 ; a coolant circulating device 7 ; a power supply 8 ; and a coolant circulating device 9 for power supply 8 .
  • Rotating portion 4 is configured to be capable of rotating to twist the one end portion of target object 1 relative to fixing portion 5 .
  • Rotating portion 4 includes a rotating portion side holder that holds the one end portion of target object 1 . Any conventionally known configuration can be employed for the configuration of the rotating portion side holder as long as the rotating portion side holder can detachably hold the one end portion of target object 1 .
  • rotating portion 4 may include a motor and reduction gears, for example.
  • a driving device such as the motor, may be connected to the above-described rotating portion side holder via the reduction gears.
  • the rotating portion side holder of rotating portion 4 is configured to be rotatable by the driving device described above.
  • Fixing portion 5 includes a fixing portion side holder that holds the other end portion of target object 1 .
  • Any conventionally known configuration can be employed for the configuration of the fixing portion side holder as long as the fixing portion side holder can detachably hold the other end portion of target object 1 .
  • heating coil 2 is disposed to surround the outer circumference of target object 1 held by rotating portion 4 and fixing portion 5 .
  • Cooling nozzle 3 is disposed adjacent to heating coil 2 .
  • Cooling nozzle 3 is configured to be capable of spraying coolant to target object 1 .
  • any coolant can be used such as a liquid like water or oil.
  • Heating coil 2 and cooling nozzle 3 are movable along an extending direction of target object 1 (for example, direction from fixing portion 5 toward rotating portion 4 ).
  • any conventionally known mechanism can be used, such as a fluid cylinder or an electric motor.
  • Matching board 6 includes, for example, a capacitor and a transformer, and controls power supplied to heating coil 2 so as to control a heating state of target object 1 .
  • Matching board 6 is connected to heating coil 2 and power supply 8 .
  • Power supply 8 is a power supply for high-frequency induction heating and includes an inverter, for example.
  • any conventionally known configurations can be employed.
  • Coolant circulating device 7 supplies heating coil 2 with water, which is the coolant for cooling heating coil 2 . Moreover, coolant circulating device 7 may supply matching board 6 with water, which is the coolant for cooling matching board 6 . Moreover, coolant circulating device 7 supplies cooling nozzle 3 with water to be sprayed from cooling nozzle 3 to target object 1 for the purpose of cooling.
  • Coolant circulating device 9 supplies power supply 8 with water, which is the coolant for cooling power supply 8 .
  • the above-described heat treatment is performed using the processing apparatus shown in FIG. 2 .
  • target object 1 is fixed by rotating portion 4 and fixing portion 5 .
  • target object 1 is fed with stress by rotating portion 4 to rotate (twist) target object 1 around a rotation axis extending in the extending direction of target object 1 .
  • the other end portion of target object 1 is fixed by fixing portion 5 , with the result that shear strain due to the twisting is applied to the outer circumferential surface of target object 1 (side surface around the rotation axis).
  • rotating portion 4 may be rotated relative to fixing portion 5 at a rotating speed of more than or equal to 0.05 (rotation/second).
  • shear strain can be sufficiently generated in the surface of target object 1 .
  • a strain amount of the shear strain applied to the surface of target object 1 may be more than or equal to 7.1. It should be noted that the strain amount of the shear strain is defined herein as follows.
  • target object 1 when target object 1 is twisted (twisted and rotated) around the above-described rotation axis (longitudinal axis of target object 1 ) and target object 1 is heated as described below in the heat treatment step (S 20 ), a linear pattern extending along the circumferential direction is formed in the outer circumferential surface of target object 1 .
  • An angle ⁇ between the above-described rotation axis and the direction in which the linear pattern extends is found by measurement. Then, the strain amount of the shear strain is defined as tan ⁇ .
  • the strain amount of the shear strain can be adjusted by controlling stress applied from rotating portion 4 to target object 1 , for example.
  • a conventionally known method can be used, such as controlling an output of the driving device (such as an electric motor) for rotating target object 1 in rotating portion 4 .
  • the surface of target object 1 is inductively heated by heating coil 2 disposed to surround the outer circumference of target object 1 .
  • the surface of target object 1 is heated to the predetermined heating temperature more than or equal to the A3 transformation point.
  • Heating coil 2 and cooling nozzle 3 are moved along the surface of target object 1 .
  • the movement direction of heating coil 2 and cooling nozzle 3 is a direction from cooling nozzle 3 toward heating coil 2 (direction from fixing portion 5 toward rotating portion 4 in FIG. 2 ).
  • cooling nozzle 3 is moved to be located above the surface of target object 1 having been heated by heating coil 2 .
  • the coolant such as water
  • the movement speed of heating coil 2 may be more than or equal to 0.5 mm/second.
  • the movement speed of cooling nozzle 3 may also be more than or equal to 0.5 mm/second.
  • the movement speed of cooling nozzle 3 may be the same as the movement speed of heating coil 2 .
  • heating coil 2 and cooling nozzle 3 may be in one piece.
  • the heating by heating coil 2 and the cooling (quenching treatment) by cooling nozzle 3 can be performed sequentially to the surface of target object 1 in the direction from the fixing portion 5 side toward the rotating portion 4 side. Further, since the quenching treatment is performed under application of the shear strain to the surface of target object 1 by rotating portion 4 providing target object 1 with the force of twisting target object 1 , prior austenite crystal grains in the quench-hardened layer of quenched target object 1 can be fine.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross sectional view of mechanical component 10 in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of mechanical component 10 .
  • mechanical component 10 includes: a quench-hardened layer 11 formed in the surface layer of mechanical component 10 ; and a core portion 12 located circumferentially inwardly of quench-hardened layer 11 .
  • the grain size number of the prior austenite crystal grains is No. 11 or higher. The grain size number is defined in JIS G0551.
  • mechanical component 10 is a mechanical component composed of a steel having a carbon content of more than or equal to 0.2 mass % and less than or equal to 0.8 mass %
  • Quench-hardened layer 11 has a higher hardness than that of core portion 12 .
  • quench-hardened layer 11 may have a Vickers hardness of more than or equal to 500 HV or more than or equal to 400 HV.
  • the thickness of quench-hardened layer 11 can be more than or equal to 4 mm (assuming that quench-hardened layer 11 is a region having a Vickers hardness of more than or equal to 400 HV). It should be noted that the thickness of quench-hardened layer 11 can be determined by finding a quench-hardening depth by way of Vickers hardness measurement.
  • Mechanical component 10 is a mechanical component composed of a steel having a carbon content of more than or equal to 0.2 mass % and less than or equal to 0.8 mass %, the mechanical component including a quench-hardened layer 11 formed in a surface layer of the mechanical component.
  • a grain size number of prior austenite crystal grains is No. 11 or higher. In this case, the prior austenite crystal grains of quench-hardened layer 11 become fine to provide mechanical component 10 with high strength.
  • the carbon content of the mechanical component is more than or equal to 0.2 mass % in order to securely form the quench-hardened layer by the quenching treatment. Moreover, the carbon content of the mechanical component is less than or equal to 0.8 mass % in order to prevent a quenching crack. It should be noted that the lower limit of the carbon content may be 0.3 mass % or 0.35 mass %. On the other hand, the upper limit of the carbon content may be 0.7 mass % or 0.6 mass %. Moreover, the grain size number of the above-described prior austenite crystal grains may be 12 or higher.
  • the thickness of the quench-hardened layer may be more than or equal to 4 mm (assuming that the quench-hardened layer is represented by a region having a Vickers hardness of more than or equal to 400 HV). In this case, quench-hardened layer 11 having a sufficient thickness is formed in the surface layer of mechanical component 10 , thereby securely increasing the strength of the mechanical component. It should be noted that the thickness of the quench-hardened layer may be more than or equal to 4.5 mm or more than or equal to 5 mm.
  • quench-hardened layer 11 may have a Vickers hardness of more than or equal to 500 HV. In this case, a high-strength mechanical component can be securely obtained. It should be noted that quench-hardened layer 11 may have a Vickers hardness of more than or equal to 550 HV or more than or equal to 580 HV. Moreover, the above-described Vickers hardness of quench-hardened layer 11 refers to an average of measured values of the Vickers hardness at multiple positions (for example, five points) in the depth direction of the quench-hardened layer in the cross section of mechanical component 10 .
  • a method for manufacturing a mechanical component according to the present disclosure includes: preparing a steel target object 1 to be formed into the mechanical component (preparing step (S 10 )), and performing a quenching treatment by heating a surface portion of target object 1 to a heating temperature more than or equal to an A3 transformation point temperature and then cooling the surface portion, under application of shear strain to the surface portion of target object 1 (heat treatment step (S 20 )).
  • Target object 1 has a carbon content of more than or equal to 0.2 mass %.
  • the heating temperature is more than or equal to 800° C.
  • the surface portion of target object 1 is cooled in the quenching treatment at a cooling rate of more than or equal to 35° C./second in a temperature range from 850° C. to 300° C.
  • the heating temperature is more than or equal to 800° C. in order to securely perform the quenching treatment by securely causing the surface portion of target object 1 to have the temperature more than or equal to the A3 transformation point.
  • the heating temperature may be more than or equal to 850° C. or more than or equal to 900° C.
  • the upper limit of the heating temperature may be 1000° C.
  • the cooling rate is set at more than or equal to 35° C./second in the temperature range from 850° C. to 300° C. in view of a possibility of occurrence of a portion with incomplete quenching when the cooling rate is less than 35° C./second.
  • the cooling rate may be more than or equal to 38° C./second or more than or equal to 40° C./second in the temperature range from 850° C. to 300° C.
  • two positions in target object 1 may be held by first and second holders (rotating portion 4 and fixing portion 5 ) and the first holder (rotating portion 4 ) may be rotated relative to the second holder (fixing portion 5 ) around a rotation axis extending from the first holder (rotating portion 4 ) toward the second holder (fixing portion 5 ) so as to apply shear strain to the surface portion of target object 1 .
  • the shear strain can be applied to target object 1 . Accordingly, the method for manufacturing the mechanical component can be suppressed from being complicated.
  • the rotating speed may be more than or equal to 0.05 (rotation/second) when the first holder (rotating portion 4 ) is rotated relative to the second holder (fixing portion 5 ).
  • the rotating speed described above is set at more than or equal to 0.05 (rotation/second) because sufficient shear strain may not be able to be applied to the surface portion of target object 1 if the rotating speed is less than 0.05 (rotation/second).
  • the rotating speed may be more than or equal to 0.07 (rotation/second), or may be more than or equal to 0.1 (rotation/second).
  • a portion of the surface portion is heated and the heated portion may be moved in the surface portion.
  • the heated portion may be moved at a speed of more than or equal to 0.5 mm/second.
  • operation efficiency of the quenching treatment in the method for manufacturing the mechanical component can be made sufficiently high.
  • the speed of moving the heated portion is more than or equal to 0.5 mm/second due to the following reason: if the speed of moving the heated portion is less than 0.5 mm/second, the operation efficiency of the quenching treatment becomes too low, thus presumably resulting in a practical problem.
  • the speed of moving the heated portion may be more than or equal to 0.7 mm/second, or more than or equal to 1 mm/second.
  • a strain amount of the shear strain may be more than or equal to 7.1.
  • sufficient shear strain is applied to the surface portion, whereby the crystalline structure in the surface portion can be securely fine.
  • the strain amount of the shear strain is more than or equal to 7.1 because the prior austenite crystal grains of the quench-hardened layer may become insufficiently fine if the strain amount is less than 7.1.
  • the strain amount may be more than or equal to 7.5 or more than or equal to 8.
  • samples carbon steel axial materials each having a small amount of boron added therein was used.
  • three types of samples ID1 to ID3 were prepared. In each of the samples, the content of carbon was 0.38 mass %.
  • the shape of the sample was a cylindrical shape.
  • the size of the sample was as follows: the length thereof was 500 mm; and the diameter thereof in a cross section was 20.1 mm.
  • the processing apparatus shown in FIG. 2 was used to perform heat treatment to samples ID1 to ID3 Specifically, the samples were heated through high-frequency induction heating using heating coil 2 . By moving heating coil 2 and adjacent cooling nozzle 3 along the axial direction of each sample, the surface of the sample was quenched. Heating coil 2 and cooling nozzle 3 were moved at a speed of 0.5 mm/second.
  • the heat treatment was performed under conditions that the surface temperature of each of the samples was heated to the heating temperature (900° C.) more than or equal to the A3 transformation point and then was cooled, thereby performing the quenching treatment.
  • the cooling was performed under conditions that the cooling rate was 37° C./second in a temperature range from 850° C. to 300° C.
  • the heating treatment was performed under different conditions for the samples with regard to the twisting of each sample in the heat treatment. Specifically, for sample ID1, the heat treatment was performed without twisting. For sample ID2, the heat treatment was performed with the rotating speed (twisting speed) of rotating portion 4 relative to fixing portion 5 being 0.025 (rotation/second). For sample ID3, the heat treatment was performed with the rotating speed being 0.05 (rotation/second).
  • an amount of shear strain was measured in sample ID3.
  • the following method was used as a method for measuring the amount of shear strain. That is, in the outer circumferential surface of the sample having been through the heat treatment, a below-described linear pattern extending along the circumferential direction is formed as shown in FIG. 4 . An angle ⁇ between the longitudinal axis (rotation axis) of the sample and the direction in which the linear pattern extends was found by measurement. Then, tan was calculated as the amount of shear strain.
  • a Vickers hardness was measured in a region from the surface to a depth of 200 ⁇ m. Specifically, the Vickers hardness was measured in the depth direction at five positions at an interval of 40 ⁇ m within a region from the surface to a depth of 200 ⁇ m in the cross section of each sample.
  • FIG. 4 shows respective photos of external appearances of sample ID1 (at the upper side) having been through the heat treatment without twisting and sample ID3 (at the lower side) having been through the heat treatment with sample ID3 being twisted at a rotating speed of 0.05 (rotation/second).
  • a linear pattern was generated in sample ID3 to extend in a direction (circumferential direction along the twisting direction) indicated by a white-dot line.
  • sample ID3 The amount of shear strain in sample ID3 was about 7.1.
  • the average value of the Vickers hardness in each of samples ID1 to ID3 was more than or equal to 600 HV in the region from the surface to the depth of 200 ⁇ m. That is, in each of the samples, the region from the surface to the depth of 200 ⁇ m was quench-hardened.
  • FIG. 5 to FIG. 7 respectively show the microstructures of the cross sections of samples ID to ID3 after the corrosion with AGS. The microstructures were observed using an optical microscope.
  • FIG. 5 shows the microstructure photograph of the cross section of sample ID1.
  • the grain size number (see JIS G0551) of the prior austenite crystal grains in sample ID1 shown in FIG. 5 was No. 9.
  • the grain size number of the prior austenite crystal grains in sample ID2 shown in FIG. 6 was No. 10.
  • the grain size number of the prior austenite crystal grains in sample ID3 shown in FIG. 7 was No 12.
  • the quench-hardened layer having the fine crystal grains can be formed by performing the heat treatment while twisting (i.e., while applying shear strain).
  • the carbon steel having a small amount of boron added therein was used as the material of each of samples ID1 to ID3; however, a steel having a carbon concentration of more than or equal to 0.2 mass % is effective because a hardness of more than or equal to 500 HV is obtained after hardening.
  • the present invention is applied particularly advantageously to a mechanical component having a quench-hardened layer formed in a surface of the mechanical component.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
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US15/740,240 2015-06-29 2016-06-03 Mechanical component Abandoned US20180187280A1 (en)

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JP2015-129873 2015-06-29
JP2015129873A JP2017014550A (ja) 2015-06-29 2015-06-29 機械部品
PCT/JP2016/066601 WO2017002532A1 (ja) 2015-06-29 2016-06-03 機械部品

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US20080247900A1 (en) * 2004-07-16 2008-10-09 Jfe Steel Corporation Component for Machine Structure, Method of Producing the Same and Material for Induction Hardening

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JP2002275538A (ja) * 2001-03-15 2002-09-25 Toyota Motor Corp 鋼材の熱処理方法及び熱処理装置
JP4423858B2 (ja) * 2003-01-28 2010-03-03 日本精工株式会社 車輪支持用転がり軸受ユニットの製造方法
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US20080247900A1 (en) * 2004-07-16 2008-10-09 Jfe Steel Corporation Component for Machine Structure, Method of Producing the Same and Material for Induction Hardening
JP2007321197A (ja) * 2006-05-31 2007-12-13 Jfe Steel Kk 衝撃特性と疲労特性に優れた鋼軸部品とその製造方法

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EP3315625A1 (en) 2018-05-02
JP2017014550A (ja) 2017-01-19
CN107849655A (zh) 2018-03-27
EP3315625A4 (en) 2018-12-26

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