US20180169064A1 - Aziridine containing dna alkylating agents - Google Patents

Aziridine containing dna alkylating agents Download PDF

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US20180169064A1
US20180169064A1 US15/736,285 US201615736285A US2018169064A1 US 20180169064 A1 US20180169064 A1 US 20180169064A1 US 201615736285 A US201615736285 A US 201615736285A US 2018169064 A1 US2018169064 A1 US 2018169064A1
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compound
alkyl
hydrogen
alkenyl
aryl
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Mark Matteucci
Xiaohong Cai
Yeyu Cao
Hailong Jiao
Jing Yuan Ma
Jian-Xin Duan
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Immunogenesis Inc
Molecular Templates Inc
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Molecular Templates Inc
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/396—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having three-membered rings, e.g. aziridine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
    • A61K31/4164—1,3-Diazoles
    • A61K31/4168—1,3-Diazoles having a nitrogen attached in position 2, e.g. clonidine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
    • A61K31/4164—1,3-Diazoles
    • A61K31/4178—1,3-Diazoles not condensed 1,3-diazoles and containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. pilocarpine, nitrofurantoin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/66—Phosphorus compounds
    • A61K31/665—Phosphorus compounds having oxygen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. fosfomycin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/66—Phosphorus compounds
    • A61K31/675—Phosphorus compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. pyridoxal phosphate
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
    • C07F9/553—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07F9/564—Three-membered rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
    • C07F9/6558—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom containing at least two different or differently substituted hetero rings neither condensed among themselves nor condensed with a common carbocyclic ring or ring system
    • C07F9/65583—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom containing at least two different or differently substituted hetero rings neither condensed among themselves nor condensed with a common carbocyclic ring or ring system each of the hetero rings containing nitrogen as ring hetero atom
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
    • C07F9/6558—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom containing at least two different or differently substituted hetero rings neither condensed among themselves nor condensed with a common carbocyclic ring or ring system
    • C07F9/65586—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom containing at least two different or differently substituted hetero rings neither condensed among themselves nor condensed with a common carbocyclic ring or ring system at least one of the hetero rings does not contain nitrogen as ring hetero atom
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
    • C07F9/6561—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom containing systems of two or more relevant hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring or ring system, with or without other non-condensed hetero rings

Definitions

  • the present invention provides compounds suitable as therapeutic agents, pharmaceutical compositions of such compounds and methods of treating cancer in cancer patients, and so relates to the fields of biology, chemistry, and medicine.
  • Cancer is one of the major causes of human morbidity and mortality. Cancer treatment is challenging because it is difficult to kill cancer cells without damaging or killing normal cells. Damaging or killing normal cells during cancer treatment is a cause of adverse side effects in patients and can limit the amount of anti-cancer drug administered to a cancer patient. There remains a need for compounds suitable for treating cancer patients.
  • the compounds include mixtures of stereoisomers, such as enantiomers, and separated individual enantiomers and racemic and nonracemic mixtures thereof.
  • the compounds provided here act as prodrugs that can be activated in or around the hypoxic conditions existing in or around tumors.
  • provided herein are methods of preparing the compounds provided herein.
  • compositions comprising a compound provided herein and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
  • provided herein are methods of treating cancer comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound provided herein, or a therapeutically effective amount of a composition provided herein.
  • FIGS. 1A-1C The comparative tumor volume reductions for certain compounds are graphically illustrated in FIGS. 1A-1C .
  • compositions and methods include the recited elements, but not excluding others.
  • Consisting essentially of when used to define compositions and methods, shall mean excluding other elements of any essential significance to the composition or method.
  • Consisting of shall mean excluding more than trace elements of other ingredients for claimed compositions and substantial method steps. Embodiments defined by each of these transition terms are within the scope of this invention. Accordingly, it is intended that the methods and compositions can include additional steps and components (comprising) or alternatively including steps and compositions of no significance (consisting essentially of) or alternatively, intending only the stated method steps or compositions (consisting of).
  • C x -C y or “C x-y ” before a group refers to a range of the number of carbon atoms that are present in that group.
  • C 1 -C 6 alkyl refers to an alkyl group having at least 1 and up to 6 carbon atoms.
  • Alkoxy refers to ⁇ 0-Alkyl.
  • Amino refers to NR p R q wherein R p and R q independently are hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 alklyl, or R p and R q together with the nitrogen atom they are bonded to form a 4-15 membered heterocycle.
  • Alkyl refers to monovalent saturated aliphatic hydrocarbyl groups having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms and, in some embodiments, from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
  • C x-y alkyl refers to alkyl groups having from x to y carbon atoms.
  • This term includes, by way of example, linear and branched hydrocarbyl groups such as methyl (CH 3 —), ethyl (CH 3 CH 2 —), n-propyl (CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 —), isopropyl ((CH 3 ) 2 CH—), n-butyl (CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —), isobutyl ((CH 3 ) 2 CHCH 2 —), sec-butyl ((CH 3 )(CH 3 CH 2 )CH—), t-butyl ((CH 3 ) 3 C—), n-pentyl (CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —), and neopentyl ((CH 3 ) 3 CCH 2 —).
  • linear and branched hydrocarbyl groups such as methyl (CH 3 —), ethyl (CH 3 CH 2 —), n-propyl (CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 —), isopropyl ((CH 3 ) 2 CH—),
  • Alkenyl refers to a linear or branched hydrocarbyl group having from 2 to 10 carbon atoms and in some embodiments from 2 to 6 carbon atoms or 2 to 4 carbon atoms and having at least 1 site of vinyl unsaturation (>C ⁇ C ⁇ ).
  • C x-y alkenyl refers to alkenyl groups having from x to y carbon atoms and is meant to include, for example, ethenyl, propenyl, 1,3-butadienyl, and the like.
  • Alkynyl refers to a linear monovalent hydrocarbon radical or a branched monovalent hydrocarbon radical 2 to 10 carbon atoms and in some embodiments from 2 to 6 carbon atoms or 2 to 4 carbon atoms and containing at least one triple bond.
  • alkynyl is also meant to include those hydrocarbyl groups having one triple bond and one double bond.
  • C 2-6 alkynyl includes ethynyl, propynyl, and the like.
  • Aryl refers to an aromatic group of from 6 to 14 carbon atoms and no ring heteroatoms and having a single ring (e.g., phenyl) or multiple condensed (fused) rings (e.g., naphthyl or anthryl).
  • a single ring e.g., phenyl
  • multiple condensed (fused) rings e.g., naphthyl or anthryl.
  • the term “Aryl” or “Ar” applies when the point of attachment is at an aromatic carbon atom (e.g., 5,6,7,8 tetrahydronaphthalene-2-yl is an aryl group as its point of attachment is at the 2-position of the aromatic phenyl ring).
  • Cycloalkyl refers to a saturated or partially saturated cyclic group of from 3 to 14 carbon atoms and no ring heteroatoms and having a single ring or multiple rings including fused, bridged, and spiro ring systems.
  • cycloalkyl applies when the point of attachment is at a non-aromatic carbon atom (e.g., 5,6,7,8,-tetrahydronaphthalene-5-yl).
  • the term “cycloalkyl” includes cycloalkenyl groups. Examples of cycloalkyl groups include, for instance, adamantyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclooctyl, and cyclohexenyl.
  • “Ether” refers to a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group substituted with 1-3 C 1 -C 6 alkoxy groups, wherein alkoxy refers to —O-alkyl.
  • Halo refers to one or more of fluoro, chloro, bromo, and iodo.
  • Heteroaryl refers to an aromatic group of from 1 to 14 carbon atoms and 1 to 6 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur and includes single ring (e.g. imidazolyl-2-yl and imidazol5-yl) and multiple ring systems (e.g. imidazopyridyl, benzotriazolyl, benzimidazol-2-yl and benzimidazol-6-yl).
  • heteroaryl applies if there is at least one ring heteroatom, and the point of attachment is at an atom of an aromatic ring (e.g., 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-6-yl and 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolin-3-yl).
  • the nitrogen and/or the sulfur ring atom(s) of the heteroaryl group are optionally oxidized to provide for the N-oxide (N ⁇ O), sulfinyl, or sulfonyl moieties.
  • heteroaryl includes, but is not limited to, acridinyl, azocinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzotriazolyl, benzotetrazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, benzothienyl, benzimidazolinyl, carbazolyl, NH-carbazolyl, carbolinyl, chromanyl, chromenyl, cinnolinyl, dithiazinyl, furanyl, furazanyl, imidazolidinyl, imidazolinyl, imidazopyridyl, imidazolyl, indazolyl, indolenyl, indolinyl, indolizinyl, indolyl, isobenzofuranyl, isochromanyl,
  • Heterocyclic or “heterocycle” or “heterocycloalkyl” or “heterocyclyl” refers to a saturated or partially saturated cyclic group having from 1 to 14 carbon atoms and from 1 to 6 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, sulfur, or oxygen and includes single ring and multiple ring systems including fused, bridged, and spiro ring systems.
  • heterocyclic For multiple ring systems having aromatic and/or non-aromatic rings, the terms “heterocyclic”, “heterocycle”, “heterocycloalkyl”, or “heterocyclyl” apply when there is at least one ring heteroatom, and the point of attachment is at an atom of a non-aromatic ring (e.g., 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-3-yl, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline-6-yl, and decahydroquinolin-6-yl).
  • the heterocyclic groups herein are 3-15 membered, 4-14 membered, 5-13 membered, 7-12, or 5-7 membered heterocycles.
  • the heterocycles contain 4 heteroatoms. In some other embodiment, the heterocycles contain 3 heteroatoms. In another embodiment, the heterocycles contain up to 2 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, the nitrogen and/or sulfur atom(s) of the heterocyclic group are optionally oxidized to provide for the N-oxide, sulfinyl, sulfonyl moieties.
  • Heterocyclyl includes, but is not limited to, tetrahydropyranyl, piperidinyl, N-methylpiperidin-3-yl, piperazinyl, N-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl, 3-pyrrolidinyl, 2-pyrrolidon-1-yl, morpholinyl, and pyrrolidinyl.
  • a prefix indicating the number of carbon atoms e.g., C 3-10 ) refers to the total number of carbon atoms in the portion of the heterocyclyl group exclusive of the number of heteroatoms.
  • a divalent heterocyclic radical will have the appropriately adjusted hydrogen content.
  • the term “optionally substituted” refers to a substituted or unsubstituted group.
  • the group may be substituted with one or more substituents, such as e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents.
  • the substituents are selected from the group consisting of oxo, halo, —CN, NO 2 , —N 2 + , —CO 2 R 100 , —OR 100 , —SR 100 , —SOR 100 , —SO 2 R 100 , —NR 100 SO 2 R 100 , —NR 11 R 102 , CONR 101 R 102 , —SO 2 NR 101 R 102 , C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, —CR 100 ⁇ C(R 100 ) 2 , —CCR 100 , C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 10 heterocyclyl, C 6 -C 12 aryl and C 2 -C 12 heteroary
  • the substituents are selected from the group consisting of chloro, fluoro including trifluoro, —OCH 3 , methyl, ethyl, iso-propyl, cyclopropyl, OH, OAc, 5-6 membered heterocyclyl containing 1-3 heteroatoms such as nitrogen and oxygen optionally substituted with 1-3 C 1 -C 6 alkyl or C 6 -C 10 aryl groups, 5-6 membered heteroaryl containing 1-3 heteroatoms such as nitrogen and oxygen optionally substituted with 1-3 C 1 -C 6 alkyl groups, —CO 2 H and salts and C 1 -C 6 alkyl esters thereof, CONMe 2 , CONHMe, CONH 2 , —SO 2 Me, —SO 2 NH 2 , —SO 2 NMe 2 , —SO 2 NHMe, —NHSO 2 Me, —NHSO 2 CF 3 , —NHSO 2 CH 2 C 1 , —NO 2
  • Prodrug refers to a compound that, after administration, is metabolized or otherwise converted to a biologically active or more active compound (or drug) with respect to at least one property.
  • a prodrug, relative to the drug is modified chemically in a manner that renders it, relative to the drug, less active or inactive, but the chemical modification is such that the corresponding drug is generated by metabolic or other biological processes after the prodrug is administered.
  • a prodrug may have, relative to the active drug, altered metabolic stability or transport characteristics, fewer side effects or lower toxicity, or improved flavor (for example, see the reference Nogrady, 1985, Medicinal Chemistry A Biochemical Approach, Oxford University Press, New York, pages 388-392, incorporated herein by reference).
  • a prodrug may be synthesized using reactants other than the corresponding drug.
  • administering or “administration of” a drug to a patient (and grammatical equivalents of this phrase) refers to direct administration, which may be administration to a patient by a medical professional or may be self-administration, and/or indirect administration, which may be the act of prescribing a drug. For example, a physician who instructs a patient to self-administer a drug and/or provides a patient with a prescription for a drug is administering the drug to the patient.
  • Cancer refers to leukemias, lymphomas, carcinomas, and other malignant tumors, including solid tumors, of potentially unlimited growth that can expand locally by invasion and systemically by metastasis.
  • cancers include, but are not limited to, cancer of the adrenal gland, bone, brain, breast, bronchi, colon and/or rectum, gallbladder, head and neck, kidneys, larynx, liver, lung, neural tissue, pancreas, prostate, parathyroid, skin, stomach, and thyroid.
  • cancers include, acute and chronic lymphocytic and granulocytic tumors, adenocarcinoma, adenoma, basal cell carcinoma, cervical dysplasia and in situ carcinoma, Ewing's sarcoma, epidermoid carcinomas, giant cell tumor, glioblastoma multiforma, hairy-cell tumor, intestinal ganglioneuroma, hyperplastic corneal nerve tumor, islet cell carcinoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, leiomyoma, leukemias, lymphomas, malignant carcinoid, malignant melanomas, malignant hypercalcemia, marfanoid habitus tumor, medullary carcinoma, metastatic skin carcinoma, mucosal neuroma, myeloma, mycosis fungoides, neuroblastoma, osteo sarcoma, osteogenic and other sarcoma, ovarian tumor, pheochromocytoma, polycythermia vera, primary brain tumor,
  • “Patient” and “subject” are used interchangeably to refer to a mammal in need of treatment for cancer.
  • the patient is a human.
  • the patient is a human diagnosed with cancer.
  • a “patient” or “subject” may refer to a non-human mammal used in screening, characterizing, and evaluating drugs and therapies, such as, a non-human primate, a dog, cat, rabbit, pig, mouse or a rat.
  • Solid tumor refers to solid tumors including, but not limited to, metastatic tumors in bone, brain, liver, lungs, lymph node, pancreas, prostate, skin and soft tissue (sarcoma).
  • “Therapeutically effective amount” of a drug refers to an amount of a drug that, when administered to a patient with cancer, will have the intended therapeutic effect, e.g., alleviation, amelioration, palliation or elimination of one or more manifestations of cancer in the patient.
  • a therapeutic effect does not necessarily occur by administration of one dose, and may occur only after administration of a series of doses. Thus, a therapeutically effective amount may be administered in one or more administrations.
  • Treating,” “treatment of,” or “therapy of” a condition or patient refers to taking steps to obtain beneficial or desired results, including clinical results.
  • beneficial or desired clinical results include, but are not limited to, alleviation or amelioration of one or more symptoms of cancer; diminishment of extent of disease; delay or slowing of disease progression; amelioration, palliation, or stabilization of the disease state; or other beneficial results.
  • Treatment of cancer may, in some cases, result in partial response or stable disease.
  • R 1 is: hydrogen, —N 3 , CN, halo, NR 21 R 22 , —OR 23 , —SO 2 (C 1 -C 6 alkyl), C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, 4-15 membered heterocycle, 5-15 membered heteroaryl, or ether;
  • each R 21 and R 22 independently is hydrogen, hydroxy, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, 4-15 membered heterocycle, 5-15 membered heteroaryl, or —SO 2 (C 1 -C 6 alkyl); or R 21 and R 22 together with the nitrogen atom they are bonded to form a 4-15 membered heterocycle or a 5-15 membered heteroaryl;
  • R 23 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, or C 6 -C 10 aryl
  • R 2 and R 3 are independently hydrogen or halo
  • R 4 is hydrogen, halo, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, or C 6 -C 10 aryl,
  • R 5 , R 7 , R 9 , R 12 , and R 15 independently are hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, 4-15 membered heterocycle, 5-15 membered heteroaryl; or R 4 and R 5 together with the intervening carbon atoms between them form a C 5 -C 6 cycloalkyl ring;
  • R 6 and R 10 independently are hydrogen or halo
  • R 8 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, or 5-15 membered heteroaryl;
  • each R 11 independently is C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, or C 6 -C 10 aryl;
  • R 13 , R 14 , R 16 , and R 17 are independently hydrogen, halo, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkyny, or C 1 -C 6 alkoxy;
  • alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocycle, heteroaryl, alkoxy and ether groups are optionally substituted.
  • the compound provided is of formula:
  • R 1 is a non-hydrogen substituent.
  • R 2 and R 3 are hydrogen.
  • R 4 is hydrogen or halo.
  • R 4 is hydrogen.
  • R 4 is halo.
  • R 4 is fluoro.
  • R 4 and R 5 together form a 5 membered cycloalkyl group.
  • R 1 is a non-hydrogen substituent
  • R 2 and R 3 are hydrogen, and R 4 is hydrogen or halo, or R 4 and R 5 together form a 5 membered cycloalkyl group.
  • R 5 is a non-hydrogen substituent.
  • R 1 is NR 21 R 22 .
  • the compound provided is of formula:
  • R 8 is hydrogen. In another embodiment, R 8 is C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, or C 2 -C 6 alkynyl. In another embodiment, R 9 is optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl.
  • the compound provided is of formula:
  • R 7 is optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl.
  • the compound provided is of formula:
  • R 12 is optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl.
  • the compound provided is of formula:
  • R 15 is optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl.
  • the compound provided is of formula:
  • R 7 is optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl.
  • IC 50 values are reported in micromolar and result from exposure of compound at various concentrations for 2 hrs followed by a wash step and addition of fresh media followed by growth and cell viability staining and comparison to a media only treated control.
  • exponentially growing cells are seeded at a density of 4 ⁇ 10 3 cells per well in a 96 well plate and incubated at 37° C. in 5% CO 2 , 95% air and 100% relative humidity for 24 hours prior to addition of test compounds.
  • Compounds are solubilized in 100% DMSO at 200 times the desired final test concentration.
  • compounds are further diluted to 4 times the desired final concentration with complete medium. Aliquots of 50 ⁇ l of compound at specified concentrations are added to microtiter wells already containing 150 ⁇ l of medium, resulting in the final drug concentration reported.
  • the plates are incubated for an additional 2 hours at 37° C., 5% CO 2 , 95% air, and 100% relative humidity, then the drug is washed off and fresh medium is added and the plates are incubated for addition 70 hrs at 37° C., 5% CO 2 , 95% air and 100% relative humidity.
  • the viable cells are quantified using the AlamarBlue assay.
  • the drug concentration resulting in growth inhibition of 50% (IC 50 ) is calculated using Prism software (Irvine, Calif.), and the results are listed in the table.
  • H460 cells (lx 10 6 ) were subcutaneously implanted in the flanks of pathogen-free homozygous female nude mice (nu/nu, Charles River Laboratories). When tumor size reached 100-150 mm 3 , animals were randomized to 10 mice per treatment group. All tested compounds were formulated in 5% DMSO, 5% Tween 80 in D5W. The doses of all the compounds were chosen on the basis of preliminary studies to define the MTD of each compound when administered daily for 5 days. On the basis of weight loss and behavioral signs, the MTDs of TH2565 and TH2566 were determined to be 2 mg/kg, respectively. The comparative tumor volume reductions for certain compounds are graphically illustrated in FIGS. 1A-1C .

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