Classifications

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  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
  • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
  • C10M133/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
  • C10M133/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M133/08—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups
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  • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
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  • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
  • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
  • C10M133/16—Amides; Imides
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  • C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
  • C10M135/02—Sulfurised compounds
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  • C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
  • C10M135/12—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
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  • C10M149/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
  • C10M149/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M161/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a macromolecular compound and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
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  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
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  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
  • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
  • C10M2207/026—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with tertiary alkyl groups
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  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
  • C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
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  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
  • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
  • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2215/042—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Alkoxylated derivatives thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
  • C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
  • C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
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  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/08—Amides
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  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/086—Imides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/28—Amides; Imides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
  • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
  • C10N2020/04—Molecular weight; Molecular weight distribution
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/76—Reduction of noise, shudder, or vibrations
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
  • C10N2040/042—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for automatic transmissions

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an automatic transmission fluid.
• the automatic transmission fluid contains a friction modifier for decreasing a friction coefficient in a low speed zone in order to keep so-called ⁇ -V characteristics in a positive gradient.
• the lock-up clutch and a transmission clutch are required to have a high clutch capacity in order to provide an automatic transmission in a compact size.
• a power transmission fluid containing a primary amine as an initial friction modifier and dialkanolamine as a friction modifier exhibiting effects after elapse of time see Patent Literature 2.
• An object of the invention is to provide an automatic transmission fluid capable of sufficiently exhibiting a high clutch capacity and a long shudder prevention lifetime in the lock-up clutch at the same time.
• an object of the invention is to provide an automatic transmission fluid containing: a base oil; a component (A) that is two or more succinimides each having an alkenyl group or an alkyl group, in which a mass average molecular weight of the alkenyl group or the alkyl group is different in each of the succinimides; a component (B) that is a primary amine having a carbon chain having 12 to 24 carbon atoms; a component (C) that is an aliphatic amine alkylene oxide adduct having a carbon chain having 12 to 20 carbon atoms; and a component (D) that is an amide compound.
• the automatic transmission fluid of the invention can sufficiently exhibit a high clutch capacity and a long shudder prevention lifetime in the lock-up clutch at the same time.
• the automatic transmission fluid according to the exemplary embodiment obtained by blending components means not only an automatic transmission fluid containing the components, but also an automatic transmission fluid containing a modified substance obtained by modifying at least one of the components in place of the at least one of the components, and an automatic transmission fluid containing a reactant obtained by reaction of at least two of the components.
• a base oil used for the present transmission fluid is not particularly limited but may be a mineral oil or a synthetic oil.
• the mineral oil is preferably so-called highly-refined mineral oil, examples of which are: refined oil provided by refining oil fractions in accordance with an ordinary method; deeply-dewaxed oil provided by deeply dewaxing the refined oil fractions; and hydrotreated oil provided by hydrotreating the oil fractions, the oil fractions being provided by atmospherically distilling paraffin-base crude oil, intermediate-base crude oil or naphthene-base crude oil or by vacuum-distilling the residual oil of the atmospherically-distilled oil.
• a refining method for the above mineral oil is not particularly limited but various methods may be employed. One of the mineral oils may be used alone or two or more thereof may be used in a mixture.
• Examples of the synthetic oil include alkylbenzene, alkyl naphthalene, poly- ⁇ -olefin, polyvinyl ether, polyalkylene glycol, polycarbonate, and polyol ester.
• One of the synthetic oils may be used alone, or two or more thereof may be used in a mixture.
• a kinematic viscosity at 100 degrees C. of the base oil is preferably in a range from 1.5 mm 2 /s to 4 mm 2 /s, more preferably from 2.1 mm 2 /s to 3.5 mm 2 /s, further preferably from 2.5 mm 2 /s to 3 mm 2 /s.
• wear of sliding portions such as a gear bearing and a clutch of a transmission can be lessened.
• the base oil is 4 mm 2 /s or less, a low-temperature viscosity can be sufficiently decreased. It should be noted that the kinematic viscosity at 100 degrees C. of the base oil is measured in accordance with JIS K2283 (2000).
• a component (A) used in the present transmission fluid is two or more succinimides each having an alkenyl group or an alkyl group, in which a mass average molecular weight of the alkenyl group or the alkyl group is different in each of the succinimides.
• the component (A) functions as a dispersant.
• use of a single succinimide is not sufficient to solve the problem of the invention.
• Mono-succinimide is preferable as the succinimide.
• alkenyl succinimide or alkyl succinimide which is represented by a formula (1) below, is more preferable.
• the mass average molecular weight of the alkenyl group or the alkyl group in the component (A1) is preferably in a range from 1250 to 1450, further preferably from 1300 to 1400.
• the mass average molecular weight of the alkenyl group or the alkyl group in the component (A2) is preferably in a range from 850 to 1150, further preferably from 900 to 1100.
• alkenyl group examples include a polybutenyl group, a polyisobutenyl group, and an ethylene-propylene copolymer.
• alkyl group examples include an alkyl group obtained by hydrogenating a polybutenyl group, a polyisobutenyl group, and an ethylene-propylene copolymer.
• the alkenyl group is preferably a polybutenyl group or a polyisobutenyl group.
• the polyisobutenyl group is preferably obtained in a form of a mixture of 1-butene and isobutene or a polymer of highly pure isobutene.
• a preferable example of the alkyl group is represented by an alkyl group obtained by hydrogenating a polybutenyl group or polyisobutenyl group.
• a mass average molecular weight of each of the alkenyl group and the alkyl group is easily obtained according to GPC.
• polyamine examples include: monodiamine such as ethylene diamine, propylene diamine, butylene diamine, and pentylene diamine; and polyalkylene polyamine such as diethylene triamine, triethylene tetramine, tetraethylene pentamine, pentaethylene hexamine, di(methylethylene)triamine, dibutylenetriamine, tributylene tetramine, and pentapentylene hexamine.
• monodiamine such as ethylene diamine, propylene diamine, butylene diamine, and pentylene diamine
• polyalkylene polyamine such as diethylene triamine, triethylene tetramine, tetraethylene pentamine, pentaethylene hexamine, di(methylethylene)triamine, dibutylenetriamine, tributylene tetramine, and pentapentylene hexamine.
• the component (B) of the present transmission fluid is a primary amine having a carbon chain having 12 to 24 carbon atoms.
• the component (B) functions as a friction modifier in the present transmission fluid.
• the carbon atoms of the carbon chain are 12 or more, ⁇ -V characteristics of the lock-up clutch are favorable and the component (B) is easily soluble in the base oil. Accordingly, the carbon atoms of the carbon chain are preferably 14 or more, more preferably 16 or more.
• the carbon atoms of the carbon chain are 24 or less, both a clutch capacity of a transmission clutch and the pt-V characteristics of the lock-up clutch are likely to be satisfactory. Accordingly, the carbon atoms of the carbon chain are preferably 22 or less, more preferably 20 or less.
• the primary amine of the component (B) is preferably aliphatic primary amine, which may be aliphatic primary alkyl amine or aliphatic primary alkenyl amine.
• the alkyl group and the alkenyl group may be linear or branched. However, the alkyl group and the alkenyl group are preferably linear in order to improve the ⁇ -V characteristics of the lock-up clutch.
• alkyl amine and the alkenyl amine examples include n-dodecyl amine, n-tridecyl amine, n-tetradecyl amine, 2-methyl-n-tridecyl amine, n-pentadecyl amine, n-hexadecyl amine, n-heptadecyl amine, n-octadecyl amine, isooctadecyl amine, n-nonadecyl amine, n-icosylamine, n-octadecenyl amine, stearyl amine and oleyl amine.
• the component (B) may react with acid phosphate or acid phosphite to form an amine salt.
• acid phosphate examples include 2-ethylhexyl acid phosphate, ethyl acid phosphate, butyl acid phosphate, oleyl acid phosphate, tetracosyl acid phosphate, isodecyl acid phosphate, lauryl acid phosphate, tridecyl acid phosphate, stearyl acid phosphate, and isostearyl acid phosphate.
• acid phosphite examples include ethyl hydrogen phosphite, n-propyl hydrogen phosphite, n-butyl hydrogen phosphite, 2-ethylhexyl hydrogen phosphite, di-2-ethylhexyl hydrogen phosphite, dilauryl hydrogen phosphite, and dioleyl hydrogen phosphite.
• the component (C) of the present transmission fluid is an aliphatic amine alkylene oxide adduct having a carbon chain having 12 to 20 carbon atoms.
• the component (C) functions as a friction modifier in the present transmission fluid.
• the component (C) is obtainable by adding an alkylene oxide to aliphatic amine having a carbon chain having 12 to 20 carbon atoms by an ordinary method.
• the above aliphatic amine is preferably aliphatic primary amine, which may be linear or branched and saturated or unsaturated.
• the primary amine examples include n-dodecyl amine, n-tridecyl amine, n-tetradecyl amine, 2-methyl-n-tridecyl amine, n-pentadecyl amine, n-hexadecyl amine, n-heptadecyl amine, n-octadecyl amine, isooctadecyl amine, n-nonadecyl amine, n-icosylamine, n-octadecenyl amine, stearyl amine and oleyl amine.
• One of the primary amines may be used alone, or two or more thereof may be used in a mixture.
• the mixture of two or more of the primary amine is exemplified by an aliphatic primary amine derived from animal oil and vegetable oil such as beef tallow amine, hardened beef tallow amine, coconut oil amine, palm oil amine and soybean oil amine.
• the primary amine is desirably refined by distillation.
• the alkylene oxide of the present transmission fluid is preferably an alkylene oxide having 2 to 4 carbon atoms (EO: ethylene oxide, PO: propylene oxide and BO: butylene oxide) which is easily reactive in an addition reaction and easily obtainable.
• EO is particularly preferable in terms of the ⁇ -V characteristics of the lock-up clutch.
• One of the alkylene oxides having 2 to 4 carbon atoms may be used alone, or two or more thereof may be used in a mixture. When two or more of the alkylene oxides are used, the alkylene oxides may be added in a form of a block or at random.
• the component (D) used in the present transmission fluid is an amide compound.
• the component (D) functions as a friction modifier in the present transmission fluid.
• the amide compound as the component (D) is preferably an amide of aliphatic carboxylic acid, in which an aliphatic group is preferably an alkyl group or an alkenyl group.
• the alkyl group or an alkenyl group preferably has 12 to 20 carbon atoms in terms of a friction coefficient.
• Examples of the component (D) include stearic acid amide, isostearic acid amide, lauric acid amide, myristic acid amide, palmitic acid amide and oleic acid amide.
• One of the amide compounds may be used alone, or two or more thereof may be used in combination.
• the shudder prevention lifetime of the lock-up clutch can be kept for a long time and further a high clutch capacity of the transmission clutch can be maintained.
• a content of the component (A) is preferably in a range from 4.5 mass % to 6 mass % based on a total amount of the present transmission fluid, more preferably from 4.75 mass % to 5.75 mass %, further preferably from 5 mass % to 5.5 mass %.
• the shudder prevention lifetime of the lock-up clutch can be kept for a longer time and a higher clutch capacity of the transmission clutch can be maintained.
• a blending ratio of the component (A1) is preferably in a range from 50 mass % to 80 mass % based on a total amount of the components (A1) and (A2), more preferably in a range from 55 mass % to 75 mass %.
• the shudder prevention lifetime of the lock-up clutch can be kept for a longer time and a higher clutch capacity of the transmission clutch can be maintained.
• a content of the component (B) is preferably in a range from 24 mass ppm to 235 mass ppm in terms of a nitrogen amount based on the total amount of the present transmission fluid in order to improve the ⁇ -V characteristics of the lock-up clutch, more preferably in a range from 26 mass ppm to 226 mass ppm, further preferably in a range from 28 mass ppm to 210 mass ppm.
• a content of the component (C) is preferably in a range from 10 mass ppm to 320 mass ppm in terms of a nitrogen amount based on the total amount of the total amount of the present transmission fluid in order to improve the ⁇ -V characteristics of the lock-up clutch, more preferably in a range from 12 mass ppm to 300 mass ppm, further preferably in a range from 14 mass ppm to 280 mass ppm.
• a content of the component (D) is preferably in a range from 62 mass ppm to 310 mass ppm in terms of a nitrogen amount based on the total amount of the total amount of the present transmission fluid in order to improve the pt-V characteristics of the lock-up clutch, more preferably in a range from 70 mass ppm to 300 mass ppm, further preferably in a range from 80 mass ppm to 290 mass ppm.
• a kinematic viscosity at 100 degrees C. of the present transmission fluid is preferably in a range from 3.5 mm 2 /s to 10 mm 2 /s, more preferably from 4 mm 2 /is to 8.5 mm 2 /s, further preferably from 4.5 mm 2 /s to 7.5 mm 2 /s.
• the kinematic viscosity at 100 degrees C. of the present transmission fluid is 10 mm 2 /s or less, a low-temperature viscosity can be sufficiently decreased.
• the kinematic viscosity at 100 degrees C. of the present transmission fluid is 3.5 mm 2 /s or more, wear of sliding portions such as a gear bearing and a clutch of a continuously variable transmission can be lessened. It should be noted that the kinematic viscosity at 100 degrees C. of the present transmission fluid is measured in accordance with JIS K2283 (2000).
• the present transmission fluid Since the present transmission fluid has a high clutch capacity (torque transmission capacity) and a long shudder prevention lifetime, the present transmission fluid is suitably used in various continuously variable transmissions such as a belt-type continuously variable transmission (push-type and chain-type) using a metallic belt or a toroidal continuously variable transmission.
• the present transmission fluid is particularly suitable for a continuously variable transmission having a torque convertor provided with a lock-up clutch.
• the present transmission fluid is also suitable for a stepped automatic transmission since having a high clutch capacity of a transmission clutch and a long shudder prevention lifetime of the lock-up clutch.
• the present transmission fluid further contains a tertiary amine as a component (E).
• ⁇ A friction coefficient in a low speed zone can be further decreased by containing the tertiary amine.
• the tertiary amine as the component (E) is preferably represented by a formula (2) below.
• R 3 is a hydrocarbon group preferably having 12 or more carbon atoms, more preferably 14 or more carbon atoms, further preferably 16 or more carbon atoms.
• the carbon atoms of R 3 fall within the above range, the ⁇ -V characteristics of the lock-up clutch are effectively improvable.
• the carbon atoms of R 3 are preferably 28 or less, more preferably 24 or less, further preferably 20 or less.
• hydrocarbon group examples include an alkyl group, alkenyl group, aryl group, and aralkyl group.
• an aliphatic hydrocarbon group is preferable, among which an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having a saturated structure is particularly preferable.
• R 3 is exemplified by a hexadecyl group, heptadecyl group, octadecyl group, nonadecyl group, eicosyl group, heneicosyl group, and docosyl group, among which an octadecyl group is most preferable.
• a carbon chain of R 3 may be in a linear structure or a branched structure, among which a carbon chain in a linear structure is preferable.
• Both R 4 and R 5 are hydrocarbon groups each having 4 or less carbon atoms.
• R 4 and R 5 each independently have 1 or 2 carbon atoms.
• R 4 and R 5 are exemplified by a methyl group, ethyl group and vinyl group.
• a methyl group or an ethyl group is preferred to a vinyl group having an unsaturated structure.
• the respective terminals of R 4 and R 5 may be bonded to each other to form a ring.
• component (E) examples include dimethylhexadecylamine, dimethyloctadecylamine, dimethylheneicosylamine, diethyloctadecylamine, and methylethyloctadecylamine.
• One of the tertiary amines may be contained alone as the component (E) in the present transmission fluid, or two or more of the tertiary amine may be used in combination.
• a nitrogen amount derived from the component (E) is preferably 10 mass ppm or more in terms of nitrogen based on the total amount of the present transmission fluid in consideration of the shudder prevention effect and the prolonging effect of the shudder prevention lifetime, more preferably 15 mass ppm or more, further preferably 20 mass ppm or more.
• the nitrogen amount derived from the component (E) is desirably limited to 100 mass ppm or less.
• the present transmission fluid can further contain various additives.
• the additives include a viscosity index improver, a pour point depressant, an antioxidant, an oiliness agent, an extreme pressure agent, a detergent dispersant, a rust inhibitor, a metal deactivator, and an antifoaming agent.
• the viscosity index improver examples include polymethacrylate, dispersed polymethacrylate, olefin copolymer (e.g. ethylene-propylene copolymer), dispersed olefin copolymer and styrene copolymer (e.g. styrene-diene copolymer and styrene-isoprene copolymer).
• a content of the viscosity index improver is approximately in a range from 0.5 mass % to 15 mass % in terms of a resin amount based on the total amount of the present transmission fluid in view of the blending effect.
• the pour point depressant is exemplified by polymethacrylate having a mass average molecular weight of 10000 to 150000.
• a content of the pour point depressant is approximately in a range from 0.01 mass % to 10 mass % of the total amount of the present transmission fluid in view of the blending effect.
• antioxidants examples include an aminic antioxidant, a phenolic antioxidant, a phosphorous antioxidant and a sulfuric antioxidant which are used in a typical hydrocarbon lubricating oil.
• One of the antioxidants may be used alone or two or more thereof may be used in combination.
• aminic antioxidant examples include: monoalkyldiphenylamine compounds such as monooctyldiphenylamine and monononyldiphenylamine; dialkyldiphenylamine compounds such as 4,4-dibutyldiphenylamine, 4,4-dipentyldiphenylamine, 4,4-dihexyldiphenylamine, 4,4-diheptyldiphenylamine, 4,4-dioctyldiphenylamine and 4,4-dinonyldiphenylamine; polyalkyldiphenylamine compounds such as tetrabutyldiphenylamine, tetrahexyldiphenylamine, tetraoctyldiphenylamine and tetranonyldiphenylamine; and naphthylamine compounds such as alpha-naphthylamine, phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine, butylphenyl-al
• phenolic antioxidant examples include: monophenol compounds such as 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol; and diphenol compounds such as 4,4-methylenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol) and 2,2-methylenebis(4-ethyl-6-tert-butylphenol).
• sulfuric antioxidant examples include: 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-(4,6-bis(octylthio)-1,3,5-triazine-2-ylamino)phenol; a thioterpene compound such as a reaction product of phosphorus pentasulfide and pinene; and dialkylthiodipropionate such as dilaurylthiodipropionate and distearylthiodipropionate.
• Examples of the phosphorous antioxidant include triphenyl phosphite, diethyl[3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]methyl]phosphonate.
• a content of the antioxidant is preferably in a range from 0.01 mass % to 10 mass % based on the total amount of the present transmission fluid in view of the blending effect, more preferably from 0.03 mass % to 5 mass %.
• oiliness agent examples include: aliphatic alcohol; fatty acid compound such as fatty acid and fatty acid metal salt; an ester compound such as polyol ester, sorbitan ester, and glyceride; and an amine compound such as aliphatic amine
• a content of the oiliness agent is preferably in a range from 0.1 mass % to 30 mass % based on the total amount of the present transmission fluid in view of the blending effect, more preferably from 0.5 mass % to 10 mass %.
• the extreme pressure agent examples include a sulfuric extreme pressure agent, a phosphorous extreme pressure agent, an extreme pressure agent containing sulfur and metal, and an extreme pressure agent containing phosphorus and metal.
• One of the extreme pressure agents may be used alone or two or more thereof may be used in combination. It is only necessary that the extreme pressure agent contains at least one of a sulfur atom and a phosphorus atom in a molecule and can exhibit load bearing performance and wear resistance.
• Examples of the extreme pressure agent in a molecule include sulfurized fat and oil, sulfurized fatty acid, ester sulfide, olefin sulfide, dihydrocarbyl polysulfide, thiadiazole compound, alkylthiocarbamoyl compound, triazine compound, thioterpene compound, and dialkylthiodipropionate compound.
• Examples of the extreme pressure agent containing sulfur and metal and the extreme pressure agent containing phosphorus and metal include zinc dialkylthiocarbamate (Zn-DTC), molybdenum dialkylthiocarbamate (Mo-DTC), lead dialkylthiocarbamate, tin dialkylthiocarbamate, zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (Zn-DTP), molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (Mo-DTP), sodium sulfonate and calcium sulfonate.
• a representative example of the extreme pressure agent containing phosphorus in a molecule is phosphates (e.g., tricresyl phosphate) and amine salts thereof.
• a content of the extreme pressure agent is preferably in a range from 0.01 mass % to 30 mass % based on the total amount of the present transmission fluid in view of the blending effect and economy, more preferably from 0.01 mass % to 10 mass %.
• detergent dispersant examples include metal sulfonate, metal salicylate, metal phenate and succinimide.
• a content of the detergent dispersant is preferably in a range from 0.01 mass % to 30 mass % in terms of metal based on the total amount of the present transmission fluid in view of the blending effect, more preferably from 0.05 mass % to 10 mass %.
• the rust inhibitor examples include a metal sulfonate, succinate, alkyl amine and alkanolamine such as monoisopropanolamine.
• a content of the rust inhibitor is preferably in a range from 0.01 mass % to 10 mass % based on the total amount of the present transmission fluid in view of the blending effect, more preferably from 0.05 mass % to 5 mass %.
• metal deactivator examples include benzotriazole and thiadiazole.
• a content of the metal deactivator is preferably in a range from 0.01 mass % to 10 mass % based on the total amount of the present transmission fluid in view of the blending effect, more preferably from 0.01 mass % to 1 mass %.
• antifoaming agent examples include methyl silicone oil, fluorosilicone oil and polyacrylate.
• a content of the antifoaming agent is preferably in a range from 0.0005 mass % to 0.01 mass % of the total amount of the present transmission fluid in view of the blending effect.
• Sample oils intended as a transmission fluid were prepared at blending ratios shown in Table 1.
• a kinematic viscosity at 100 degrees C. of each of the sample oils was in a range from 5.5 mm 2 /s to 5.6 mm 2 /s as shown in Table 1.
• sample oils were measured according to the following methods with respect to a capacity of a transmission clutch and a shudder prevention lifetime of a lock-up clutch.
• Test conditions were set in accordance with JASO M349-98.
• a performance test was conducted during a continuous slip durability test. Specifically, a pt-V curb was obtained at 120 degrees C. and a time (hr) elapsed before dL/dV reached negative was defined as a shudder prevention lifetime.

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