Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
  • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
  • A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
  • A01G7/00—Botany in general
  • A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
  • A01N25/30—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests characterised by the surfactants
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • A01N43/56—1,2-Diazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2-diazoles
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • A01N43/647—Triazoles; Hydrogenated triazoles
  • A01N43/653—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
  • A01N43/88—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms six-membered rings with three ring hetero atoms
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D495/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D495/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D495/04—Ortho-condensed systems
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N2300/00—Combinations or mixtures of active ingredients covered by classes A01N27/00 - A01N65/48 with other active or formulation relevant ingredients, e.g. specific carrier materials or surfactants, covered by classes A01N25/00 - A01N65/48

Definitions

• compositions that exhibit activity as pesticides are useful, for example, in methods for the control of fungal pathogens and diseases caused by fungal pathogens in plants.
• Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (“ACCase”) is an essential catalyst for the rate-limiting step of fatty acid biosynthesis in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
• Phytopathogenic fungi can infect crop plants either in the field or after harvesting, resulting in considerable economic losses to farmers and producers worldwide.
• a number of debilitating diseases or death can occur.
• Approximately 10,000 species of fungi are known to damage crops and affect quality and yield. Crop rotation, breeding of resistant cultivars, the application of agrochemicals and combinations of these strategies is commonly employed to stem the spread of fungal pathogens and the diseases they cause. Additional chemistry and methods of using such as a modulator for ACCase or to control fungi are important for, among other things, protection in agriculture.
• R 1 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, C 1 -C 4 haloalkyl, or C 1 -C 4 haloalkoxy;
• R 2 is heteroaryl, alkyl, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl, each of which may be optionally independently substituted with one or more of hydroxyl, halogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, C 1 -C 4 haloalkyl, C 1 -C 4 haloalkoxy, oxo, or cyano; or R 2 is —C(O)R 21 , wherein R 21 is hydroxyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 haloalkoxy, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkoxy, arylalkoxy, heteroarylalkoxy, or heterocyclyl, each of which may be optionally independently substituted with one or more of hydroxyl, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, oxo, or cyano;
• R 3 is —C(O)R 31 , —C(O)N(R 32 R 33 ), or —R 34 SO 2 N(R 32 R 33 ), wherein R 31 is hydroxyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 haloalkoxy, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkoxy, arylalkoxy, heteroarylalkoxy, or 1-heterocycl-1-yl, each of which may be optionally independently substituted with one or more of hydroxyl, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, oxo, or cyano; R 32 and R 33 are each independently hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, or C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, each of which may be optionally independently substituted with one or more of hydroxyl, halogen, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, oxo, or cyano; and R 34 is
• R 4 is hydrogen or —OR 6 , wherein R 6 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, C 4 -C 10 cycloalkylalkyl, or heterocyclyl, each of which may be optionally independently substituted with one or more of an oxygen atom, hydroxyl, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, oxo, cyano, —N(R 61 R 62 ), —C(O)N(R 61 R 62 ), or —SO 2 R 63 , wherein R 61 and R 62 are each independently hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 alkyl, and R 63 is C 1 -C 6 alkyl;
• R 4′ is hydrogen or C 1 -C 4 alkyl, which may be optionally substituted with one or more of hydroxyl, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, or cyano;
• R 5 and R 5′ are each independently hydrogen or C 1 -C 4 alkyl
• R 7 is hydroxyl or C 1 -C 4 alkyl, which may be optionally substituted with one or more of hydroxyl, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, oxo, or cyano; or R 7 is —OR 10 , wherein R 10 is C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 haloalkyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkylmethyl, heterocyclyl, or aryl(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, each of which may be optionally independently substituted with one or more of hydroxyl, an oxygen atom, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, oxo, or cyano; and
• R 8 is hydrogen, halogen, or cyano.
• a compound is provided, the compound having Formula Ia, or Ib:
• R 1 is methyl
• R 2 is oxazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, cyclobutyl, —CH 2 OH, —CH 2 O(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, or —C(O)R 21 wherein R 21 is C 1 -C 4 alkoxy;
• R 3 is —C(O)R 31 , —C(O)N(R 32 R 33 ), or R 34 SO 2 N(R 32 R 33 ), wherein R 31 is hydroxyl, ethoxy, benzoxy, 1-pyrrolidinyl, 1-piperidinyl, 1-morpholinyl, 2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl, or 3-hydroxyazetidin-1-yl, R 32 is hydrogen or methyl, and R 33 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, 2-propenyl, or cyclobutyl; or R 34 is a bond, or C 1 -C 4 alkyl;
• R 5 and R 5′ are each independently hydrogen or methyl
• R 6 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, which may be substituted with one or more of hydroxyl, methoxy, oxo, cyano, or —SO 2 CH 3 ;
• R 6 is cyclohexyl or cyclohexylmethyl, which may be substituted with one or more of hydroxyl or oxo;
• R 6 is 2-propenyl; or
• R 6 is tetrahydropyranyl;
• R 8 is hydrogen or F
• R 9 is hydroxyl, methyl, ethyl, or —(CH 2 ) 3 CN;
• R 10 is methyl or ethyl, each of which may be substituted with one or more of hydroxyl, methyl, methoxy, cyano, phenyl, oxo, or oxetan-3-yl; or R 10 is tetrahydropyranyl.
• a compound is provided, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of:
• composition wherein the composition comprises a compound as described herein.
• a method of controlling fungal pathogens comprising administering to a plant, a seed or soil a composition comprising an effective amount of a compound as described herein.
• a method for modulating ACCase in a biological organism comprising administering to the biological organism a composition comprising an effective amount of a compound as described herein.
• a treated seed is provided, wherein the seed comprises a compound or a composition as described herein.
• the compounds may be used, for example, in the preparation of compositions and in accordance with methods for control of fungal pathogens, as set forth in detail below.
• R 1 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, C 1 -C 4 haloalkyl, or C 1 -C 4 haloalkoxy;
• R 2 is heteroaryl, alkyl, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl, each of which may be optionally independently substituted with one or more of hydroxyl, halogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, C 1 -C 4 haloalkyl, C 1 -C 4 haloalkoxy, oxo, or cyano; or R 2 is —C(O)R 21 , wherein R 21 is hydroxyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 haloalkoxy, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkoxy, arylalkoxy, heteroarylalkoxy, or heterocyclyl, each of which may be optionally independently substituted with one or more of hydroxyl, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, oxo, or cyano;
• R 3 is —C(O)R 31 , —C(O)N(R 32 R 33 ), or —R 34 SO 2 N(R 32 R 33 ), wherein R 31 is hydroxyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 haloalkoxy, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkoxy, arylalkoxy, heteroarylalkoxy, or 1-heterocycl-1-yl, each of which may be optionally independently substituted with one or more of hydroxyl, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, oxo, or cyano; R 32 and R 33 are each independently hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, or C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, each of which may be optionally independently substituted with one or more of hydroxyl, halogen, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, oxo, or cyano; and R 34 is
• R 4 is hydrogen or —OR 6 , wherein R 6 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, C 4 -C 10 cycloalkylalkyl, or heterocyclyl, each of which may be optionally independently substituted with one or more of an oxygen atom, hydroxyl, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, oxo, cyano, —N(R 61 R 62 ), —C(O)N(R 61 R 62 ), or —SO 2 R 63 , wherein R 61 and R 62 are each independently hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 alkyl, and R 63 is C 1 -C 6 alkyl;
• R 4′ is hydrogen or C 1 -C 4 alkyl, which may be optionally substituted with one or more of hydroxyl, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, or cyano;
• R 5 and R 5′ are each independently hydrogen or C 1 -C 4 alkyl
• R 7 is hydroxyl or C 1 -C 4 alkyl, which may be optionally substituted with one or more of hydroxyl, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, oxo, or cyano; or R 7 is —OR 10 , wherein R 10 is C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 haloalkyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkylmethyl, heterocyclyl, or aryl(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, each of which may be optionally independently substituted with one or more of hydroxyl, an oxygen atom, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, oxo, or cyano; and R 8 is hydrogen, halogen, or cyano.
• R 1 can be C 1 -C 4 alkyl. In some embodiments, for example, R 1 is methyl.
• R 2 can be —C(O)R 21 , wherein R 21 is C 1 -C 4 alkoxy.
• R 2 is —CH 2 OH.
• R 2 is —CH 2 O(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl.
• R 2 is cyclobutyl.
• R 2 can be unsubstituted heteroaryl.
• R 2 can be a 5-membered heteroaryl.
• R 2 can be oxazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, isoxazolyl, or thienyl.
• R 2 is selected from the group consisting of oxazolyl, pyrazolyl, and triazolyl.
• R 2 is 2-oxazolyl.
• R 2 is 1-pyrazolyl.
• R 2 is 2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl.
• R 3 can be —C(O)R 31 , wherein R 31 is hydroxyl, alkoxy, or an optionally independently substituted 1-heterocycl-1-yl.
• R 31 can be hydroxyl or alkoxy (e.g., ethoxy or benzoxy).
• R 31 can be 2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolyl, 1-piperidinyl, 1-pyrrolidinyl, 1-morpholinyl, or 1-azetidinyl, each of which may be optionally independently substituted with hydroxyl, methoxy, methyl, or cyano.
• R 3 is —C(O)N(R 32 R 33 ), wherein R 32 and R 33 are independently selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, and C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl.
• R 3 is —C(O)N(R 32 R 33 ), wherein R 32 is hydrogen or methyl, and R 33 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, 2-propenyl, or —CH 2 CN.
• R 3 is —C(O)NHR 33 , wherein R 33 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, 2-propenyl, or —CH 2 CN. In other embodiments, R 3 is —C(O)N(CH 3 )(R 33 ), wherein R 33 is methyl, isopropyl, or 2-propenyl. In some embodiments, R 3 is —C(O)NH 2 . In other embodiments, R 3 is —C(O)N(CH 3 ) 2 .
• R 3 can be —R 34 SO 2 NH 2 wherein R 34 is a bond or C 1 -C 4 alkyl. In some embodiments, R 3 is —CH 2 SO 2 NH 2 . In other embodiments, R 3 is —SO 2 NH 2 .
• R 4 and R 4′ are both hydrogen.
• R 4 is —OR 6 and R 4′ is hydrogen, wherein R 6 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, C 4 -C 10 cycloalkylalkyl, or heterocyclyl, each of which may be optionally independently substituted with hydroxyl, methoxy, oxo, cyano, —N(CH 3 ) 2 , —C(O)NH 2 , or —SO 2 CH 3 .
• R 6 is hydrogen.
• R 6 can be C 1 -C 6 alkyl or C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, each of which may be optionally independently substituted with hydroxyl, methoxy, oxo, cyano, —N(CH 3 ) 2 , —C(O)NH 2 , or —SO 2 CH 3 .
• R 6 can be ethyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, —CH 2 CH 2 OH, —CH 2 CH 2 OCH 3 , —(CH 2 ) 3 OCH 3 , —CH 2 CH(CH 3 )OH, CH 2 C(CH 3 ) 2 OH, —CH 2 CH ⁇ CH 2 , —C(O)CH 3 , —C(O)CH 2 OH, —CH 2 CN, —CH 2 CH 2 CN, —CH 2 CH(CH 3 )CN, —CH 2 C(CH 3 ) 2 CN, —CH 2 CH 2 N(CH 3 ) 2 , —CH 2 CH 2 C(O)NH 2 , or —CH 2 CH 2 SO 2 CH 3 .
• R 6 is C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl or C 4 -C 10 cycloalkylalkyl, which may be optionally independently substituted with hydroxyl or oxo.
• R 6 can comprise an optionally substituted cyclohexyl moiety (e.g., R 6 can be 4-hydroxycyclohexyl, 4-oxycyclohexyl, (4-oxocyclohexyl)methyl, or (4-hydroxycyclohexyl)methyl).
• R 6 is heterocyclyl (e.g., tetrahydropyranyl).
• R 6 can be tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl.
• R 4 is hydroxyl or —OCH 2 CH 2 CN; and R 4 is methyl, —CH 2 OH, or —CH 2 CH 2 OH.
• R 4 is —OH and R 4′ is —CH 2 OH; R 4 is —OH and R 4 is —CH 2 CH 2 OH; or R 4 is —OCH 2 CH 2 CN and R 4 is methyl.
• R 5 and R 5′ can be independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and methyl. In some embodiments, R 5 and R 5′ are both methyl. In some embodiments, R 5 and R 5′ are both hydrogen. In other embodiments, R 5 is methyl and R 5′ is hydrogen.
• R 7 is hydroxyl. In some embodiments, R 7 is C 1 -C 4 alkyl, which may be optionally substituted with cyano. For example, R 7 is methyl, ethyl, or —(CH 2 ) 3 CN. In other embodiments, R 7 is —OR 10 , wherein R 10 is C 1 -C 4 alkyl, heterocyclyl, or benzyl, each of which may be optionally independently substituted with hydroxyl, methoxy, oxo, oxetanyl, and cyano.
• R 10 can be selected from the group consisting of methyl, —CH(CH 3 ) 2 , —CH 2 CH 2 OH, —CH 2 CH 2 OCH 3 , —C(O)CH 3 , —CH 2 (oxetan-3-yl), —CH 2 CN, and —CH 2 CH 2 CN.
• R 10 is methyl.
• R 10 is heterocyclyl (e.g., tetrahydropyranyl).
• R 10 can be tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl.
• R 10 is benzyl.
• R 8 can be selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and F.
• the compound of Formula I can be a compound of Formula Ia, or Ib:
• R 1 is methyl
• R 2 is oxazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, cyclobutyl, —CH 2 OH, —CH 2 O(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, or —C(O)R 21 wherein R 21 is C 1 -C 4 alkoxy;
• R 3 is —C(O)R 31 , —C(O)N(R 32 R 33 ), or —R 34 SO 2 N(R 32 R 33 ), wherein R 31 is hydroxyl, ethoxy, benzoxy, 1-pyrrolidinyl, 1-piperidinyl, 1-morpholinyl, 2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl, 3-hydroxyazetidin-1-yl, R 32 is hydrogen or methyl, and R 33 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, 2-propenyl, or cyclobutyl; or R 34 is a bond or C 1 -C 4 alkyl;
• R 5 and R 5′ are each independently hydrogen or methyl
• R 6 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, which may be substituted with one or more of hydroxyl, methoxy, oxo, cyano, or —SO 2 CH 3 ;
• R 6 is cyclohexyl or cyclohexylmethyl, which may be substituted with one or more of hydroxyl or oxo;
• R 6 is 2-propenyl; or
• R 6 is tetrahydropyranyl;
• R 8 is hydrogen or F
• R 9 is hydroxyl, methyl, ethyl, or —(CH 2 ) 3 CN;
• R 10 is methyl or ethyl, each of which may be substituted with one or more of hydroxyl, methyl, methoxy, cyano, phenyl, oxo, or oxetan-3-yl; or R 10 is tetrahydropyranyl.
• the compound of Formula I can be a compound of Formula Ia or a salt thereof.
• R 2 can be 1-pyrazolyl, 2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl, 2-oxazolyl, or —C(O)OCH 2 CH 3 .
• R 2 is 1-pyrazolyl, corresponding to a compound of Formula Ia-i:
• R 1 , R 3 , R 5 , R 5′ , R 6 , R 8 , and R 10 is as defined above and described in embodiments herein, both singly and in combination.
• R 2 is 2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl, corresponding to a compound of Formula Ia-ii:
• R 1 , R 3 , R 5 , R 5′ , R 6 , R 8 , and R 10 is as defined above and described in embodiments herein, both singly and in combination.
• R 2 is 2-oxazolyl, corresponding to a compound of Formula Ia-iii:
• R 1 , R 3 , R 5 , R 5′ , R 6 , R 8 , and R 10 is as defined above and described in embodiments herein, both singly and in combination.
• R 2 is —C(O)OCH 2 CH 3 , corresponding to a compound of Formula Ia-iv:
• R 1 , R 3 , R 5 , R 5′ , R 6 , R 8 , and R 10 is as defined above and described in embodiments herein, both singly and in combination.
• the compound of Formula I can be a compound of Formula Ib or a salt thereof.
• R 2 can be 1-pyrazolyl, 2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl, 2-oxazolyl, or —C(O)OCH 2 CH 3 .
• R 2 is 2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl, corresponding to a compound of Formula Ib-ii:
• R 1 , R 3 , R 5 , R 5′ , R 6 , R 8 , and R 9 is as defined above and described in embodiments herein, both singly and in combination.
• R 3 can be —C(O)N(R 32 R 33 ), wherein R 32 is hydrogen or methyl, and R 33 is ethyl, isopropyl, or cyclobutyl. In some embodiments, R 3 is —C(O)NHCH 2 CH 3 .
• R 3 is —C(O)NHC(CH 3 ) 2 . In some embodiments, R 3 is —C(O)N(CH 3 )C(CH 3 ) 2 .
• R 3 is —C(O)NH(cyclobutyl).
• R 3 can be —C(O)R 31 wherein R 31 is 1-pyrrolidinyl or 1-piperidinyl. In some embodiments, R 3 is —C(O)R 31 wherein R 31 is 1-pyrrolidinyl.
• R 5 and R 5′ are both methyl. In some embodiments, R 5 and R 5′ are both hydrogen. In other embodiments, R 5 is methyl and R 5′ is hydrogen.
• R 6 can be hydrogen, isopropyl, —CH 2 CH 2 OH, —CH 2 CH 2 OCH 3 , —(CH 2 ) 3 OCH 3 , —C(O)CH 3 , —CH 2 CN, —CH 2 CH 2 CN, —CH 2 CH(CH 3 )CN, —CH 2 C(CH 3 ) 2 CN, —CH 2 CH 2 SO 2 CH 3 , or tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl.
• R 6 is hydrogen.
• R 6 is isopropyl.
• R 6 is —CH 2 CH 2 OH.
• R 6 is —CH 2 CH 2 OCH 3 .
• R 6 is —(CH 2 ) 3 OCH 3 . In some embodiments, R 6 is —C(O)CH 3 . In some embodiments, R 6 is —CH 2 CN. In some embodiments, R 6 is —CH 2 CH 2 CN. In some embodiments, R 6 is —CH 2 CH(CH 3 )CN. In some embodiments, R 6 is —CH 2 C(CH 3 ) 2 CN. In some embodiments, R 6 is —CH 2 CH(CH 3 )CN. In some embodiments, R 6 is —CH 2 CH 2 SO 2 CH 3 . In some embodiments, R 6 is tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl.
• R 8 is hydrogen. In other embodiments, R 8 is F.
• R 9 is ethyl
• R 10 is methyl
• halo or halogen refers to any radical of fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.
• alkyl refers to both straight and branched chain radicals of up to ten carbons.
• C 1 -C 10 alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, 3-pentyl, hexyl and octyl groups.
• alkyl as used herein, by itself or as part of another group, can refer to a straight or branched chain radical comprising from one to six carbon atoms.
• alkenyl as employed herein, by itself or as part of another group, refers to both straight and branched chain radicals of up to ten carbons, and which comprise at least one carbon-carbon double bond.
• hydroxyalkyl refers to both straight and branched chain alkyl radicals having a hydroxyl substituent.
• the hydroxyl substituent can be bound to any carbon of the alkyl chain.
• Non-limiting examples include —CH 2 OH, —CH 2 CH 2 OH, —CH 2 CH(OH)CH 3 and —CH 2 CH(OH)CH 2 CH 3 .
• hydroxyalkyl as employed herein can refer to a straight or branched chain radical comprising from one to four carbon atoms and having one or more hydroxyl substituents.
• haloalkyl as employed herein, by itself or as part of another group, refers to an alkyl group, as defined herein, substituted with at least one halogen.
• Non-limiting examples of haloalkyl groups include trifluromethyl and 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl.
• alkoxy refers to an alkyl group, as defined herein, appended to the parent molecular moiety through an oxygen atom.
• alkoxy groups include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, 2-propoxy, butoxy, tert-butoxy, pentyloxy, and hexyloxy.
• haloalkoxy refers to an alkoxy group as defined herein, wherein the alkyl moiety of the alkoxy group is further substituted with at least one halogen.
• Non-limiting example of haloalkoxy groups include trifluoromethoxy, and 2,2-dichloroethoxy.
• cycloalkyl refers to an alkyl group comprising a closed ring comprising from 3 to 8 carbon atoms.
• Non-limiting examples of cycloalkyl groups include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, (cyclohexyl)methyl, and (cyclohexyl)ethyl.
• cycloalkylalkyl refers to an alkyl group, as defined herein, substituted with a cycloalkyl group, as defined herein.
• Non-limiting examples of cycloalkylalkyl groups include (cyclobutyl)methyl, (cyclohexyl)methyl, and (cyclohexyl)ethyl.
• heterocyclyl refers to a saturated or partially saturated 3 to 7 membered monocyclic, or 7 to 10 membered bicyclic ring system, which consists of carbon atoms and from one to four heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of O, N, and S, wherein the nitrogen and sulfur heteroatoms can be optionally oxidized, the nitrogen can be optionally quaternized, and includes any bicyclic group in which any of the above-defined heterocyclic rings is fused to a benzene ring, and wherein the heterocyclic ring can be substituted on carbon or on a nitrogen atom if the resulting compound is stable.
• Non-limiting examples of common saturated or partially saturated heterocyclic groups include azetinyl, oxetanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, pyranyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, pyrrolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, imidazolinyl, indolinyl, isoindolinyl, quinuclidinyl, morpholinyl, isochromanyl, chromanyl, pyrazolidinyl, pyrazolinyl, tetronoyl and tetramoyl groups.
• aryl as employed herein by itself or as part of another group refers to monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic aromatic groups containing from 6 to 14 carbons in the ring.
• Common aryl groups include C 6-14 aryl, typically C 6-10 aryl.
• Typical C 6-14 aryl groups include phenyl, naphthyl, phenanthrenyl, anthracenyl, indenyl, azulenyl, biphenyl, biphenylenyl and fluorenyl groups.
• heteroaryl refers to groups having 5 to 14 ring atoms; 6, 10 or 14 ⁇ electrons shared in a cyclic array; and containing carbon atoms and 1, 2 or 3 oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur heteroatoms.
• Example heteroaryl groups include thienyl (thiophenyl), benzo[b]thienyl, naphtho[2,3-b]thienyl, thianthrenyl, furyl (furanyl), pyranyl, isobenzofuranyl, chromenyl, xanthenyl, phenoxanthiinyl, pyrrolyl, including without limitation 2H-pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl (pyridinyl), including without limitation 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, and 4-pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, indolizinyl, isoindolyl, 3H-indolyl, indolyl, indazolyl, purinyl, 4H-quinolizinyl, isoquinolyl, quinolyl, phthalzinyl, naphthyrid
• heteroaryl group contains a nitrogen atom in a ring
• nitrogen atom may be in the form of an N-oxide, e.g., a pyridyl N-oxide, pyrazinyl N-oxide and pyrimidinyl N-oxide.
• oxo refers to an oxygen atom joined by a double bond to a carbon atom.
• an oxo substituent can be bound to any carbon of an alkyl chain.
• Non-limiting examples include —CH 2 C(O)H, —C(O)CH 3 , —CH 2 C(O)CH 3 , —CH 2 CH 2 C(O)CH 3 , and —CH 2 C(O)CH 2 CH 3 .
• Non-limiting examples of species encompassed by the present disclosure are disclosed in Table 1.
• the compound of Formula I can be (R)-ethyl-1-(2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)oxy)ethyl)-5-methyl-3-(2-methyl-1-oxo-1-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propan-2-yl)-2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate (Formula I-003),
• the compounds described herein can be present as a racemic mixture, as a mixture of two enantiomers at different ratios, or as a single enantiomer. In other stance, the compounds described herein can be present as a diastereoisomeric mixture, as a mixture of two or three isomers at different ratios (e.g., S,S-, S,R-, R,R-) or as a single isomer (e.g., R,R-).
• compositions that are enriched with respect to one enantiomer or one diastereoisomer, or which comprise substantially a single enantiomer or a single diastereoisomer may be prepared using any technique known in the art, including chiral separation techniques known in the art (e.g., chiral chromatography or asymmetric synthesis).
• the present disclosure is generally related to a composition
• a composition comprising an effective amount of a compound (e.g., a compound of Formula I) as described herein having pesticidal activity, in particular fungicidal activity, for use in administration to a plant, a seed, or soil to control fungal pathogens.
• a compound e.g., a compound of Formula I
• pesticidal activity in particular fungicidal activity
• the composition may be an aqueous composition.
• compositions described herein can comprise any adjuvants, excipients, or other desirable components known in the art.
• Non-limiting examples of additional ingredients include surfactants, co-surfactants, permeation enhancers, and co-solvents.
• the composition may comprise as SPAN surfactants, TWEEN surfactants, TRITON surfactants, MAKON surfactants, IGEPAL surfactants, BRIJ surfactants, MORWET surfactants, PLURONIC surfactants, LANEXOL surfactants, ATLOX surfactants, ATLAS surfactants, SURFYNOL surfactants, TERGITOL surfactants, DOWFAX surfactants, TOXIMUL surfactants, SILWET surfactants, SYLGARD surfactants, BREAK THRU surfactants, PHYTOSAN, SOLUPLUS, cyclodextrans, polypropylene glycol, ethyl lactate, methyl soyate/ethyl lactate co-solvent blends (e.g., STEPOSOL), isopropanol, acetone, ethylene glycol
• the composition may comprise a surfactant.
• surfactants include SPAN 20, SPAN 40, SPAN 80, SPAN 85, TWEEN 20, TWEEN 40, TWEEN 80, TWEEN 85, TRITON X 100, MAKON 10, IGEPAL CO 630, BRIJ 35, BRIJ 97, TERGITOL TMN 6, DOWFAX 3B2, PHYSAN and TOXIMUL TA 15.
• the composition may comprise a co-solvent.
• co-solvents examples include ethyl lactate, methyl soyate/ethyl lactate co-solvent blends (e.g., STEPOSOL), isopropanol, acetone, 1,2-propanediol, n-alkylpyrrolidones (e.g., the AGSOLEX series), a petroleum based-oil (e.g., AROMATIC 200) or a mineral oil (e.g., paraffin oil)).
• the composition may be formulated, mixed in a tank, combined on a seed by overcoating, or recommended for use with one or more additional active ingredients on a seed, plant, or soil.
• the additional active ingredients may be, for example, one or more additional pesticides.
• the composition may comprise one or more additional pesticides.
• the pesticide may be, for example, an insecticide, a fungicide, an herbicide, or an additional nematicide.
• Non-limiting examples of insecticides and nematicides include avermectins, carbamates, benzoylureas, butenolides, diacylhydrazines, diamides, macrocyclic lactones, mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitors, neonicotinoids, organophosphates, oxazoles, oxadiazoles, phenylpyrazoles, pyridine azomethine derivatives, pyrethrins, spinosyns, sulfoximines, synthetic pyrethroids, tetronic and tetramic acids.
• insecticides and nematicides include abamectin, aldicarb, aldoxycarb, bifenthrin, broflanilide, carbofuran, chlorantraniliprole, clothianidin, cyantraniliprole, cyclaniliprole, cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, dinotefuran, emamectin, ethiprole, fenamiphos, fipronil, flubendiamide, fosthiazate, imidacloprid, ivermectin, lambda-cyhalothrin, milbemectin, nitenpyram, oxamyl, permethrin, spinetoram, spinosad, spirodichlofen, spirotetramat, tefluthrin, thiacloprid, tetraniliprole,
• the composition may comprise an insecticide and/or acaricide that inhibits ACCase activity.
• insecticide and/or acaricide that inhibits ACCase activity.
• Non-limiting examples include tetramic acids such as spirotetramat, and tetronic acids including spiromesifen and spirodiclofen.
• composition may comprise one or more nematicidal compounds as described in U.S. Pub. Nos. 2009/0048311 A1 or 2011/028320 A1, or WO 2012/030887 A1, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference.
• composition may comprise 3-phenyl-5-(thiophen-2-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole.
• Non-limiting examples of herbicides include ACCase inhibitors, acetanilides, ALS or AHAS modulators or inhibitors, auxin transport inhibitors, carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitors, cell division inhibitors, cellulose inhibitors, EPSPS modulators or inhibitors, fatty acid and lipid biosynthesis inhibitors, glutamine synthetase modulators or inhibitors, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase inhibitors (HPPD inhibitors, mitosis inhibitors, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) modulators or inhibitors, oxidative phosphorylation uncouplers, photosystem I (PS I) and photosystem II (PS II) modulators or inhibitors, and synthetic auxins.
• HPPD inhibitors 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase inhibitors
• PPO protoporphyrinogen oxidase
• oxidative phosphorylation uncouplers photosystem I (PS I) and photosystem II (PS II) modul
• Non-limiting examples of herbicides include acetochlor, clethodim, dicamba, 1,5-dimethyl-6-thioxo-3-(2,2,7-trifluoro-3,4-dihydro-3-oxo-4-prop-2-ynyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4-dione (trifludimoxazin), ethyl 2-((3-(2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-(3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydropyrimidin-1(6H)-yl)phenoxy)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)acetate, flumioxazin, fomesafen, glyphosate, glufosinate, halauxifen, isoxaflutole, mesotrione, metolachlor, quizalofop, sa
• the composition may comprise an herbicide that inhibits ACCase activity.
• herbicidal aryloxyphenoxypropionates such as chlorazifop, clodinafop, clofop, cyhalofop, diclofop, fenoxaprop, fenoxaprop-P, fenthiaprop, fluazifop, fluazifop-P, haloxyfop, haloxyfop-P, isoxapyrifop, kuicaoxi, metamifop, propaquizafop, quizalofop, quizalofop-P, and trifop, herbicidal cyclohexanediones such as alloxydim, butroxydim, clethodim, cloproxydim, cycloxydim, profoxydim, sethoxydim, tepraloxydim, and tralkoxydim, as well as
• the herbicides cycloxydim and sethoxydim are known to exhibit moderate antifungal activity alone, and, without being bound to a particular theory, it is believed that the combination of these species with the compounds described herein may enhance fungal control by the additional suppression of ACCase.
• the composition may comprise one or more additional fungicides.
• additional fungicides include aromatic hydrocarbons, anilino-pyrimidines, benzamides, benzimidazoles, benzothiadiazole, carbamates, carboxamides, carboxylic acid amides, cinnamic acid amides, cyanoacetmide oximes, demethylation inhibitors, dicarboxamides, 2,6-dinitroanilines, dinitrophenyl crotonates, dithiocarbamates, mandelic acid amides, morpholines, phenylacetamides, phenylamides, phenyl benzamides, phenylpyrroles, phosphonates, phosphorothiolates, phthalimides, pyrazole carboxamides, pyridine carboxamides, pyridine ethyl benzamides, oxathiin carboxamides, quinine outside inhibitors (e.g.
• strobilurins quinone inside inhibitors
• thiadiazole carboxamides thiazolidines
• thiocarbamates thiophanates
• thiophene carboxamides triazoles
• triazolinthiones quinone inside inhibitors
• fungicides include acibenzolar-S-methyl, ametoctradin, amisulbrom, azaconazole, azoxystrobin, benalaxyl, bixafen, boscalid, captan, carbendazim, carboxin, coumoxystrobin, cyazofamid, cyflufenamid, cymoxanil, cyproconazole, cyprodinil, difenconazole, dimethomorph, dimoxystrobin, dinocap, enoxastrobin, epoxiconazole, ethaboxam, famoxadone, fenamidone, fenaminstrobin, fenpropimorph, fluazinam, fludioxonil, flufenoxystrobin, fluopicolide, fluopyram, fluoxastrobin, fluopyram, fluoxastrobin, fluquinconazole, fluoram
• composition may comprise one or more additional fungicides that modulate or inhibit ACCase activity.
• composition may also comprise one or more additional active substances, including biological control agents, microbial extracts, natural products, plant growth activators and/or plant defense agents.
• biological control agents include bacteria, fungi, beneficial nematodes, and viruses.
• the biological control agent can be a bacterium of the genus Actinomycetes, Agrobacterium, Arthrobacter, Alcaligenes, Aureobacterium, Azobacter, Bacillus, Beijerinckia, Bradyrhizobium, Brevibacillus, Burkholderia, Chromobacterium, Clostridium, Clavibacter, Comamonas, Corynebacterium, Curtobacterium, Enterobacter, Flavobacterium, Gluconobacter, Hydrogenophage, Klebsiella, Metarhizium, Methylobacterium, Paenibacillus, Pasteuria, Photorhabdus, Phyllobacterium, Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, Serratia, Sphingobacterium, Stenotrophomonas, Streptomyces, Variovax , and Xenorhabdus .
• the bacteria may be Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus firmus, Bacillus lichenformis, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Chromobacterium subtsugae, Metarhizium anisopliae, Pasteuria nishizawae, Pasteuria penetrans, Pasteuria usage, Pseudomonas fluorescens , and Streptomyces lydicus.
• the biological control agent can be a fungus of the genus Alternaria, Ampelomyces, Aspergillus, Aureobasidium, Beauveria, Colletotrichum, Coniothyrium, Gliocladium, Metarhizium, Muscodor, Paecilomyces, Penicillium, Trichoderma, Typhula, Ulocladium , and Verticillium .
• the fungus may be Beauveria bassiana, Coniothyrium minitans, Gliocladium virens, Muscodor albus, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Trichoderma polysporum , or Trichoderma virens.
• the biological control agents can be plant growth activators or plant defense agents including, but not limited to harpin, Reynoutria sachalinensis , jasmonate, lipochitooligosaccharides, salicylic acid and/or isoflavones.
• the compounds described herein can be used in accordance with methods of controlling fungal pathogens.
• compounds as described herein of Formula I are believed to exhibit control of phytopathogenic fungi as described herein.
• the compounds disclosed herein can be administered to a plant, a seed, or soil in a composition as described herein to control fungal pathogens, including using the compounds as described herein with any adjuvants, excipients, or other desirable components as described herein or known in the art and formulating, mixing, or combining one or more additional active ingredients.
• the additional active ingredient may be, for example, an additional pesticide.
• the pesticide may be, for example, an insecticide, a fungicide, an herbicide, or an additional nematicide as described herein or otherwise known in the art.
• compositions described herein can be administered to seeds, plants, or the environment of plants (e.g., soil) wherein the control of phytopathogenic fungi is desired.
• a method of controlling fungal pathogens comprising administering to a plant, a seed or soil a composition comprising an effective amount of a compound as described herein.
• Non-limiting examples of plants that may be protected from fungal pathogens in accordance with the methods described herein include monocotyledonous crops such as corn, wheat, barley, rye, rice, sorghum, oat; sugarcane and turf; and dicotyledonous crops such as cotton, sugar beet, peanut, potato, sweet potato, yam, sunflower, soybean, alfalfa, canola, grapes, tobacco; vegetables including Solanaceae vegetables such as eggplant, tomato, green pepper and pepper; Cucurbitaceae vegetables such as cucumber, pumpkin, zucchini, watermelon, melon and squash; Brassicaceae vegetables such as radish, turnip, horseradish, Chinese cabbage, cabbage, leaf mustard, broccoli and cauliflower; Asteraceae vegetables such as artichoke and lettuce; Liliaceae vegetables such as leek, onion, garlic and asparagus; Apiaceae vegetables such as carrot, parsley, celery and parsnip; Chenopodiaceae vegetables such as spinach and chard; Lamiace
• Non-limiting examples of the plant diseases that may be controlled by the methods described herein include diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi (in particular of the classes of Ascomycetes, Deuteromycetes, Oomycetes and Basidiomycetes) such as Magnaporthe grisea, Cochiobolus miyabeanus, Rhizoctonia solani and Gibberella fujikuroi on rice; Erysiphe graminis, Fusarium graminearum, F. avenacerum, F. culmorum, Microdochium nivale, Puccinia striiformis, P. graminis, P. recondita, P.
• phytopathogenic fungi in particular of the classes of Ascomycetes, Deuteromycetes, Oomycetes and Basidiomycetes
• Magnaporthe grisea Cochiobolus miyabeanus, Rhizoctonia solani and Gibberella fujikuroi on rice
• hordei Typhula sp., Micronectriella nivalis, Ustilago tritici, U. nuda, Tilletia caries, Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides, Rhynchosporium secalis, Septoria tritici, Leptosphaeria nodorum and Pyrenophora teres on wheat and barley; Diaporthe citri, Elsinoe fawcetti, Penicillium digitatum, P.
• the methods described herein can be used to modulate, inhibit or eradicate fungal pathogens as described herein that cause disease on various parts of agricultural crop plants (e.g., fruit, blossoms, leaves, stems, tubers, roots) or other useful plants as described herein.
• the methods described herein may be used to modulate, inhibit, and/or control any of the fungal pathogens and/or plant diseases listed above.
• methods described herein may be used to modulate, inhibit or eradicate plant fungal pathogens in vegetable crops, row crops, trees, nuts, vines, turf, and ornamental plants.
• a composition comprising a compound as described herein may be supplied to a plant exogenously.
• the composition may be applied to the plant and/or the surrounding soil through sprays, drips, and/or other forms of liquid application.
• the compounds described herein may penetrate the plant through the roots via the soil (systemic action); by drenching the locus of the plant with a liquid composition; or by applying the compounds in solid form to the soil, e.g. in granular form (soil application).
• locus broadly encompasses the fields on which the treated plants are growing, or where the seeds of cultivated plants are sown, or the place where the seed will be placed into the soil.
• composition as described herein may be applied to a plant, including plant leaves, shoots, roots, or seeds.
• composition comprising a compound as described herein can be applied to a foliar surface of a plant.
• Foliar applications may require 50 to 500 g per hectare of a compound as described herein.
• foliar surface broadly refers to any green portion of a plant having surface that may permit absorption of silicon, including petioles, stipules, stems, bracts, flowerbuds, and leaves. Absorption commonly occurs at the site of application on a foliar surface, but in some cases, the applied composition may run down to other areas and be absorbed there.
• compositions described herein can be applied to the foliar surfaces of the plant using any conventional system for applying liquids to a foliar surface.
• application by spraying will be found most convenient.
• Any conventional atomization method can be used to generate spray droplets, including hydraulic nozzles and rotating disk atomizers.
• alternative application techniques including application by brush or by rope-wick, may be utilized.
• a composition comprising a compound as described herein can be directly applied to the soil surrounding the root zone of a plant.
• Soil applications may require 0.5 to 5 kg per hectare of a compound as described herein on a broadcast basis (rate per treated area if broadcast or banded).
• a composition may be applied directly to the base of the plants or to the soil immediately adjacent to the plants.
• a sufficient quantity of the composition is applied such that it drains through the soil to the root area of the plants.
• compositions may be performed using any method or apparatus known in the art, including but not limited to hand sprayer, mechanical sprinkler, or irrigation, including drip irrigation.
• a composition as provided herein can be applied to plants and/or soil using a drip irrigation technique.
• the composition may be applied through existing drip irrigation systems.
• this procedure can be used in connection with cotton, strawberries, tomatoes, potatoes, vegetables, and ornamental plants.
• a composition can be applied to plants and/or soil using a drench application.
• the drench application technique may be used in connection with crop plants and turf grasses.
• a composition as provided herein may be applied to soil after planting.
• a composition as provided herein may be applied to soil during planting, or may be applied to soil before planting.
• composition as provided herein may be tilled into the soil or applied in furrow.
• solid granulates comprising the compounds described herein may be applied to the flooded field or locus of the crop plants to be treated.
• seed treatment methods described herein may be used to modulate, inhibit, and/or control any of the fungal pathogens and/or plant diseases described above.
• the method may comprise treating a seed with a composition comprising a compound as described herein.
• seed broadly encompasses plant propagating material such as, tubers cuttings, seedlings, seeds, and germinated or soaked seeds.
• a method of administering to a seed a compound (e.g., a compound of Formula I) as described to control fungal pathogens in a composition as described herein including using the compounds as described herein with the any adjuvants, excipients, or other desirable components as described herein or known in the art and formulating, mixing, or combining one or more additional active ingredients.
• the additional active ingredient may be, for example, an additional pesticide.
• the pesticide may be, for example, an insecticide, a fungicide, an herbicide, or an additional nematicide as described herein or otherwise known in the art.
• a compound as described herein may be applied to seeds or tubers by impregnating them with a liquid seed treatment composition comprising a compound described herein, or by coating them with a solid or liquid composition comprising a compound described herein.
• Seed treatment methods described herein can be used in connection with any species of plant and/or the seeds thereof as described herein.
• the methods are used in connection with seeds of plant species that are agronomically important.
• the seeds can be of corn, peanut, canola/rapeseed, soybean, cucurbits, crucifers, cotton, beets, rice, sorghum, sugar beet, wheat, barley, rye, sunflower, tomato, sugarcane, tobacco, oats, as well as other vegetable and leaf crops.
• the seed can be corn, soybean, or cotton seed.
• the seed may be a transgenic seed from which a transgenic plant can grow and incorporate a transgenic event that confers, for example, tolerance to a particular herbicide or combination of herbicides, insect resistance, increased disease resistance, enhanced tolerance to stress and/or enhanced yield.
• Transgenic seeds include, but are not limited to, seeds of corn, soybean and cotton.
• a seed treatment method may comprise applying the seed treatment composition to the seed prior to sowing the seed, so that the sowing operation is simplified.
• seeds can be treated, for example, at a central location and then dispersed for planting. This permits the person who plants the seeds to avoid the complexity and effort associated with handling and applying the compositions, and to merely handle and plant the treated seeds in a manner that is conventional for regular untreated seeds.
• a composition can be applied to seeds by any standard seed treatment methodology, including but not limited to mixing in a container (e.g., a bottle or bag), mechanical application, tumbling, spraying, immersion, and solid matrix priming. Seed coating methods and apparatus for their application are disclosed in, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,918,413; 5,891,246; 5,554,445; 5,389,399; 5,107,787; 5,080,925; 4,759,945 and 4,465,017, among others. Any conventional active or inert material can be used for contacting seeds with the composition, such as conventional film-coating materials including but not limited to water-based film coating materials.
• a composition can be introduced onto or into a seed by use of solid matrix priming.
• a quantity of the composition can be mixed with a solid matrix material and then the seed can be placed into contact with the solid matrix material for a period to allow the composition to be introduced to the seed.
• the seed can then optionally be separated from the solid matrix material and stored or used, or the mixture of solid matrix material plus seed can be stored or planted directly.
• solid matrix materials which are useful include polyacrylamide, starch, clay, silica, alumina, soil, sand, polyurea, polyacrylate, or any other material capable of absorbing or adsorbing the composition for a time and releasing the active compound of the composition into or onto the seed. It is useful to make sure that the active compound and the solid matrix material are compatible with each other.
• the solid matrix material should be chosen so that it can release the active compound at a reasonable rate, for example over a period of minutes, hours, days, or weeks.
• Imbibition is another method of treating seed with the composition.
• a plant seed can be directly immersed for a period of time in the composition. During the period that the seed is immersed, the seed takes up, or imbibes, a portion of the composition.
• the mixture of plant seed and the composition can be agitated, for example by shaking, rolling, tumbling, or other means.
• the seed can be separated from the composition and optionally dried, for example by patting or air drying.
• a composition may be applied to the seeds using conventional coating techniques and machines, such as fluidized bed techniques, the roller mill method, rotostatic seed treaters, and drum coaters. Other methods, such as spouted beds may also be useful.
• the seeds may be pre-sized before coating. After coating, the seeds may be dried and then transferred to a sizing machine for sizing. Such procedures are generally known in the art.
• the seeds can be coated using a variety of methods known in the art.
• the coating process can comprise spraying the composition onto the seed while agitating the seed in an appropriate piece of equipment such as a tumbler or a pan granulator.
• the seed coating may be applied using a continuous process.
• seed may be introduced into the treatment equipment (such as a tumbler, a mixer, or a pan granulator) either by weight or by flow rate.
• the amount of treatment composition that is introduced into the treatment equipment can vary depending on the seed weight to be coated, surface area of the seed, the concentration of the fungicide and/or other active ingredients in a composition, the desired concentration on the finished seed, and the like.
• a composition can be applied to the seed by a variety of means, for example by a spray nozzle or revolving disc.
• the amount of liquid may be determined by the assay of the formulation and the required rate of active ingredient necessary for efficacy.
• the seed can be treated (for example by misting or spraying with the composition) and passed through the treater under continual movement/tumbling where it can be coated evenly and dried before storage or use.
• the seed coating may be applied using a batch process.
• a known weight of seeds can be introduced into the treatment equipment (such as a tumbler, a mixer, or a pan granulator).
• a known volume of the composition can be introduced into the treatment equipment at a rate that allows the composition to be applied evenly over the seeds.
• the seed can be mixed, for example by spinning or tumbling.
• the seed can optionally be dried or partially dried during the tumbling operation.
• the treated sample can be removed to an area for further drying or additional processing, use, or storage.
• the seed coating may be applied using a semi-batch process that incorporates features from each of the batch processes and continuous processes set forth above.
• seeds can be coated in laboratory size commercial treatment equipment such as a tumbler, a mixer, or a pan granulator by introducing a known weight of seeds in the treater, adding the desired amount of the composition, tumbling or spinning the seed and placing it on a tray to thoroughly dry.
• laboratory size commercial treatment equipment such as a tumbler, a mixer, or a pan granulator
• Seeds can also be coated by placing the known amount of seed into a narrow neck bottle or receptacle with a lid. While tumbling, the desired amount of the composition can be added to the receptacle. The seed is tumbled until it is coated with the composition. After coating, the seed can optionally be dried, for example on a tray.
• the treated seeds may also be enveloped with a film overcoating to protect the fungicidal coating.
• a film overcoating to protect the fungicidal coating.
• Such overcoatings are known in the art and may be applied using conventional fluidized bed and drum film coating techniques.
• the overcoatings may be applied to seeds that have been treated with any of the seed treatment techniques described above, including but not limited to solid matrix priming, imbibition, coating, and spraying, or by any other seed treatment technique known in the art.
• a seed that has been treated with a composition as described herein comprising a compound (e.g., a compound of Formula I) as described herein.
• the seed may have been treated with the composition using one of the seed treatment methods set forth above, including but not limited to solid matrix priming, imbibition, coating, and spraying.
• the treated seed may be of any plant species, as described above.
• a seed can be treated with a composition as described herein, including formulating, mixing in a seed treater tank, or combining on a seed by overcoating one or more additional active ingredients.
• the additional active ingredient may be, for example, an additional pesticide.
• the pesticide may be, for example, an insecticide, a fungicide, an herbicide, or an additional nematicide as described herein.
• the treated seed comprises a compound of Formula I in an amount of at least about 0.005 mg/seed.
• treated seeds can comprise a compound of Formula I in an amount of from about 0.005 to about 2 mg/seed, from about 0.005 to about 1 mg/seed, or from about 0.05 to about 0.5 mg/seed.
• the compounds of this invention may be prepared or isolated in general by synthetic and/or semi-synthetic methods known to those skilled in the art for analogous compounds and by methods described in detail herein.
• LG includes, but is not limited to, halogens (e.g. fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide), sulfonates (e.g. mesylate, tosylate, benzenesulfonate, brosylate, nosylate, triflate), diazonium, and the like.
• halogens e.g. fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide
• sulfonates e.g. mesylate, tosylate, benzenesulfonate, brosylate, nosylate, triflate
• diazonium and the like.
• Suitable amide coupling reagents include, but are not limited to, (Benzotriazol-1-yloxy)tris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (BOP), 3-(Diethoxyphosphoryloxy)-1,2,3-benzotriazin-4(3H)-one (DEPBT), N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), N,N′-Diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC), 1-[Bis(dimethylamino)methylene]-1H-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-b]pyridinium 3-oxid hexafluorophosphate (HATU), 3-[Bis(dimethylamino)methyliumyl]-3H-benzotriazol-1-oxide hexafluorophosphate (HBTU), 3-Hydroxytriazolo[4,5-b]pyridine (HOAt), (7-Azabenzotriazol-1-y
• compounds of the present invention of formula I, where R 2 is 2-oxazolyl are generally prepared by procedures described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,969,557, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference. Exemplative compounds listed in Table 1 can be prepared according to Scheme 1 or Scheme 2 set forth below:
• each of PG, LG, R 6 , R 8 , R 31 , R 32 , and R 33 is as defined above and below and in classes and subclasses as described herein.
• the first step comprises alkylating a compound of Formula Br-1 with a compound of Formula B-1, thereby forming a compound of Formula Br-2.
• the compound of Formula B-1 is a halide wherein LG is chloride or bromide.
• the compound of Formula B-1 is an alcohol wherein LG is —OH and the alkylation is accomplished by Mitsunobu reaction.
• the Mitsunobu reaction is accomplished by the use of diisopropyl azodicarboxylate and triphenylphosine.
• R 6 of the compound of Formula B-1 is isopropyl, tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl; cis-4-hydroxycyclohexyl; 4-oxocyclohexyl; (4-oxocyclohexyl)methyl; or cis-4-hydroxycyclohexylmethyl.
• R 8 of the compound of Formula B-1 is hydrogen or F.
• the oxazole moiety is installed by Stille coupling reaction to provide a compound of Formula O-2.
• the Stille coupling reaction is accomplished by reacting the compound of Formula Br-2 with 2-(tributylstannyl)oxazole in the presence of a palladium complex, for example, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(O).
• the carboxylic acid protection group of the compound of Formula O-1 is t-butyl and the deproction step comprises an acid treatment (e.g., trifluroacetic acid in dichloromethane) to provide the carboxylic acid of Formula O-3.
• the protection group of Formula O-2 is benzyl.
• the protecting group is a silyl protecting group.
• the protecting group is TBDPS and the deproction step comprises a fluoride treatment (e.g., tetrabutylammonium fluoride).
• the last step comprises an amidation of the carboxylic acid group of a compound of Formula O-3 with an amine, thereby providing a compound of Formula O-4 or Formula O-5.
• the amine is ammonia (e.g., R 32 and R 33 are both hydrogen).
• the amine is a primary amine (e.g., R 32 is hydrogen and R 33 is ethyl, isopropyl, or cyclobutyl).
• the amine is a secondary amine.
• the amine is a heterocycle (e.g., R 31 is 1-pyrrolidinyl, 1-piperidinyl, or 1-morpholinyl).
• the oxazole moiety is installed first by Stille coupling reaction to provide a compound of Formula O-1.
• each of PG, LG, R 6 , R 8 , R 31 , R 32 , and R 33 is as defined and described above.
• compounds of the present invention of formula I, where R 2 is cycloalkyl are generally prepared by procedures described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,969,557, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference. Exemplative compounds listed in Table 1 can be prepared according to Scheme 3 set forth below:
• each of PG, LG, R 6 , R 8 , R 31 , R 32 , and R 33 is as defined above and below and in classes and subclasses as described herein.
• the first step comprises alkylating a compound of Formula Br-1 with a compound of Formula B-1, thereby forming a compound of Formula Br-2, as described above.
• R 6 of the compound of Formula B-1 is tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl.
• R 8 of the compound of Formula B-1 is F.
• the oxazole moiety is installed by Negishi or Suzuki coupling reaction to provide a compound of Formula Cb-2.
• the Negishi coupling reaction is accomplished by reacting the compound of Formula Br-2 with cycloalkylzinc(II) chloride in the presence of a palladium complex, for example, 1,1-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]palladium(11) dichloride.
• the Suzuki coupling reaction is accomplished by reacting the compound of Formula Br-2 with a cycloalkylboronic compound in the presence of a palladium complex, for example, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) or palladium(II) acetate.
• a palladium complex for example, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) or palladium(II) acetate.
• the carboxylic acid protection group of the compound of Formula Cb-2 is described above.
• the last step comprises an amidation of the carboxylic acid group of a compound of Formula Cb-3 with an amine, thereby providing a compound of Formula Cb-4 or Formula Cb-5, as described above.
• the amine is ammonia (e.g., R 32 and R 33 are both hydrogen).
• the amine is a primary amine (e.g., R 32 is hydrogen and R 33 is ethyl or isopropyl).
• the amine is a secondary amine.
• the amine is a heterocycle (e.g., R 31 is 1-pyrrolidinyl, 1-piperidinyl, or 1-morpholinyl).
• each of PG, LG, R 5 , R 5′ , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 31 , R 32 , and R 33 is as defined above and below and in classes and subclasses as described herein.
• the first step comprises alkylating a compound of Formula P-1 with a compound of Formula B-2, thereby forming a compound of Formula P-2.
• the compound of Formula B-2 is a halide wherein LG is chloride or bromide.
• the compound of Formula B-2 is an alcohol wherein LG is —OH and the alkylation is accomplished by Mitsunobu reaction.
• the Mitsunobu reaction is accomplished by the use of diisopropyl azodicarboxylate and triphenylphosine.
• R 5 and R 5′ of the compound of Formula P-1 or P-2 are both methyl.
• R 5 of the compound of Formula P-1 or P-2 is methyl and R 5 of the compound of Formula P-1 or P-2 is hydrogen.
• R 6 of the compound of Formula B-2 is H, —CH 2 CH 3 , —CH(CH 3 ) 2 , —CH 2 CH(CH 3 ) 2 , —CH 2 CH ⁇ CH 2 , —CH 2 CH 2 OH, —CH 2 CH(R—CH 3 )OH, —CH 2 CH(S—CH 3 )OH, —CH 2 C(CH 3 ) 2 (OH), —CH 2 CH 2 OCH 3 , —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OCH 3 , —C(O)CH 2 OH, —C(O)CH 3 , —CH 2 CN, —(CH 2 ) 2 CN, —CH 2 CH(CH 3 )CN, —CH 2 C(CH 3 ) 2 CN, tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl, cis-4
• the carboxylic acid protection group of the compound of Formula P-3 is a silyl protecting group.
• the protecting group is TBDPS and the deproction step comprises a fluoride treatment (e.g., tetrabutylammonium fluoride).
• the last step comprises an amidation of the carboxylic acid group of a compound of Formula P-3 with an amine, thereby providing a compound of Formula P-4 or Formula P-5.
• the amine is ammonia (e.g., R 32 and R 33 are both hydrogen).
• the amine is a primary amine (e.g., R 32 is hydrogen and R 33 is methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, cycloropropyl, cyclobutyl, or cyclohexyl).
• the amine is a secondary amine (e.g., R 32 is methyl and R 33 is methyl, isopropyl, or 2-propenyl).
• the amine is a heterocycle (e.g., R 31 is 1-pyrrolidinyl, 1-piperidinyl, 1-morpholinyl, or 2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl).
• R 7 of the compound of Formula P-2 is —OPG
• deprotection and O-alkylation provides R 7 as of —OCH 2 CH 2 OH, or —OCH 2 CH 2 CN in compounds of Formula P-4 or P-5.
• compounds of formula P-4 or P-5 may contain one or more stereocenters, and may be present as a racemic or diastereomeric mixture.
• One of skill in the art will also appreciate that there are many methods known in the art for the separation of isomers to obtain stereoenriched or stereopure isomers of those compounds, including but not limited to HPLC, chiral HPLC, fractional crystallization of diastereomeric salts, kinetic enzymatic resolution (e.g. by fungal-, bacterial-, or animal-derived lipases or esterases), and formation of covalent diastereomeric derivatives using an enantioenriched reagent.
• each of PG, LG, R 5 , R 5′ , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 31 , R 32 , and R 33 is as defined above and below and in classes and subclasses as described herein.
• the first step comprises alkylating a compound of Formula E-1 with a compound of Formula B-2, thereby forming a compound of Formula E-2.
• the compound of Formula B-2 is a halide wherein LG is chloride or bromide.
• the compound of Formula B-2 is an alcohol wherein LG is —OH and the alkylation is accomplished by Mitsunobu reaction.
• the Mitsunobu reaction is accomplished by the use of diisopropyl azodicarboxylate and triphenylphosine.
• R 5 and R 5′ of the compound of Formula E-1 or E-2 are both methyl.
• R 5 of the compound of Formula E-1 or E-2 is methyl and R 5 of the compound of Formula E-1 or E-2 is hydrogen.
• R 6 of the compound of Formula B-2 is H, —CH 2 CH 3 , —CH(CH 3 ) 2 , —CH 2 CH(CH 3 ) 2 , —CH 2 CH ⁇ CH 2 , —CH 2 CH 2 OH, —CH 2 CH(R—CH 3 )OH, —CH 2 CH(S—CH 3 )OH, —CH 2 C(CH 3 ) 2 (OH), —CH 2 CH 2 OCH 3 , —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OCH 3 , —C(O)CH 2 OH, —C(O)CH 3 , —CH 2 CN, —(CH 2 ) 2 CN, —CH 2 CH(CH 3 )CN, —CH 2 C(CH 3 ) 2 CN, tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl, cis-4
• the carboxylic acid protection group of the compound of Formula E-3 is a silyl protecting group.
• the protecting group is TBDPS and the deproction step comprises a fluoride treatment (e.g., tetrabutylammonium fluoride).
• the last step comprises an amidation of the carboxylic acid group of a compound of Formula E-3 with an amine, thereby providing a compound of Formula E-4 or Formula E-5.
• the amine is ammonia (e.g., R 32 and R 33 are both hydrogen).
• the amine is a primary amine (e.g., R 32 is hydrogen and R 33 is methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, cycloropropyl, cyclobutyl, or cyclohexyl).
• the amine is a secondary amine (e.g., R 32 is methyl and R 33 is methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, or 2-propenyl).
• the amine is a heterocycle (e.g., R 31 is 1-pyrrolidinyl, 1-piperidinyl, 1-morpholinyl, or 2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl).
• R 7 of the compound of Formula E-2 is —OPG
• deprotection and O-alkylation provides R 7 as of —OCH 2 CH 2 CN in compounds of Formula E-4 or E-5.
• the ester group (i.e., —C(O)OCH 2 CH 3 ) in compounds of Formula E-4 or E-5 is further reduced to —CH 2 OH as the R 2 in compounds of Formula I.
• the —CH 2 OH group is further alkylated to —CH 2 OCH 2 CH 3 as the R 2 in compounds of Formula I.
• compounds of formula E-4 or E-5 may contain one or more stereocenters, and may be present as a racemic or diastereomeric mixture.
• One of skill in the art will also appreciate that there are many methods known in the art for the separation of isomers to obtain stereoenriched or stereopure isomers of those compounds, including but not limited to HPLC, chiral HPLC, fractional crystallization of diastereomeric salts, kinetic enzymatic resolution (e.g. by fungal-, bacterial-, or animal-derived lipases or esterases), and formation of covalent diastereomeric derivatives using an enantioenriched reagent.
• each of PG, LG, R 5 , R 5′ , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 31 , R 32 , and R 33 is as defined above and below and in classes and subclasses as described herein.
• the first step comprises alkylating a compound of Formula T1-1 with a compound of Formula B-2, thereby forming a compound of Formula T1-2.
• the compound of Formula B-2 is a halide wherein LG is chloride or bromide.
• the compound of Formula B-2 is an alcohol wherein LG is —OH and the alkylation is accomplished by Mitsunobu reaction.
• the Mitsunobu reaction is accomplished by the use of diisopropyl azodicarboxylate and triphenylphosine.
• R 5 and R 5′ of the compound of Formula T1-1 or T1-2 are both methyl.
• R 5 of the compound of Formula T1-1 or T1-2 is methyl and R 5 of the compound of Formula T1-1 or T1-2 is hydrogen. In some embodiments, R 5 and R 5′ of the compound of Formula T1-1 or T1-2 are both hydrogen.
• R 6 of the compound of Formula B-2 is H, —CH 2 CH 3 , —CH(CH 3 ) 2 , —CH 2 CH(CH 3 ) 2 , —CH 2 CH ⁇ CH 2 , —CH 2 CH 2 OH, —CH 2 CH(R—CH 3 )OH, —CH 2 CH(S—CH 3 )OH, —CH 2 C(CH 3 ) 2 (OH), —CH 2 CH 2 OCH 3 , —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OCH 3 , —C(O)CH 2 OH, —C(O)CH 3 , —CH 2 CN, —(CH 2 ) 2 CN, —CH 2 CH(CH 3 )CN, —CH 2 C(CH 3 ) 2 CN, tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl, cis-4-hydroxycyclohexyl, 4-oxocyclohexyl, (4-oxocyclohexyl)methyl, c
• R 7 of the compound of Formula B-2 or T1-2 is —OMe, methyl, ethyl, —(CH 2 ) 3 CN, or —OPG.
• R 8 of the compound of Formula B-2 or T1-2 is hydrogen or F.
• the carboxylic acid protection group of the compound of Formula T1-3 is a silyl protecting group.
• the protecting group is TBDPS and the deproction step comprises a fluoride treatment (e.g., tetrabutylammonium fluoride).
• the last step comprises an amidation of the carboxylic acid group of a compound of Formula T1-3 with an amine, thereby providing a compound of Formula T1-4 or Formula T1-5.
• the amine is ammonia (e.g., R 32 and R 33 are both hydrogen).
• the amine is a primary amine (e.g., R 32 is hydrogen and R 33 is methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, cycloropropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclohexyl, or —CH 2 CN).
• the amine is a secondary amine (e.g., R 32 is methyl and R 33 is methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, or 2-propenyl).
• the amine is a heterocycle (e.g., R 31 is 1-pyrrolidinyl, 1-piperidinyl, 1-morpholinyl, 2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl, or 3-hydroxyazetidin-1-y).
• R 7 of the compound of Formula T1-2 is —OPG
• deprotection and O-alkylation provides R 7 as of —OCH(CH 3 ) 2 , —OCH 2 CH 2 OH, —OCH 2 CH 2 OCH 3 , —OCH 2 CH(CH 2 ) 20 , —OCH 2 CN, —OCH 2 CH 2 CN, —OC(O)CH 3 ; O-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl, or O-benzyl in compounds of Formula T1-4 or T1-5.
• compounds of formula T1-4 or T1-5 may contain one or more stereocenters, and may be present as a racemic or diastereomeric mixture.
• One of skill in the art will also appreciate that there are many methods known in the art for the separation of isomers to obtain stereoenriched or stereopure isomers of those compounds, including but not limited to HPLC, chiral HPLC, fractional crystallization of diastereomeric salts, kinetic enzymatic resolution (e.g. by fungal-, bacterial-, or animal-derived lipases or esterases), and formation of covalent diastereomeric derivatives using an enantioenriched reagent.
• exemplative triazolyl compounds in Table 1 of the present invention of Formula I where R 4 is —O(CH 2 ) 2 CN and R 4 is CH 3 (I-273, I-274), R 4 is —OH and R 4′ is —CH 2 CH 2 OH (I-275, I-276), or R 4 is —OH and R 4′ is —CH 2 OH (I-315) are prepared specifically with modified chemical steps.
• R 4 of —O(CH 2 ) 2 CN and R 4′ of CH 3 in compounds I-273 and I-274 are installed at the benzylic position of the compound of 3-((2-(5-fluoro-2-methoxyphenyl)-1-hydroxypropan-2-yl)oxy)propanenitrile, shown in Scheme 7 below:
• Compounds I-275 and I-276 are prepared by amidation, dihydroxylation of the double bond, oxidation of the diol to an aldehyde, reduction of the aldehyde to an alcohol, and chiral separation.
• R 4 of —OH and R 4′ of —CH 2 OH in the compound I-315 are installed via a ketone intermediate, shown in Scheme 9 below:
• exemplative triazolyl compounds in Table 1 of the present invention of Formula I, where R 2 is 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl (I-317) or 1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl (I-341) are generally prepared according to Scheme 10, shown below:
• the 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl or 1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl moiety is installed by a metal-mediated coupling reaction.
• a growth inhibition assay was conducted to determine the ability of compounds to control the growth of fungal pathogens, such as Botrtyis cinerea (Bc), Collectotrichum graminicola (Cg), Diplodia maydis (Dm), Fusarium moniliforme (Fm), Fusarium virguliforme (Fv), Phytophthora capsici (Pc), Rhizoctonia solani (Rs), and Septoria tritici (St).
• fungal pathogens such as Botrtyis cinerea (Bc), Collectotrichum graminicola (Cg), Diplodia maydis (Dm), Fusarium moniliforme (Fm), Fusarium virguliforme (Fv), Phytophthora capsici (Pc), Rhizoctonia solani (Rs), and Septoria tritici (St).
• a set of positive controls was also prepared, with various concentrations of Soraphen (2, 0.4, and 0.08 ppm), Metalaxyl (1.1, 0.22, and 0.04 ppm), and Metconazole (2, 0.4, and 0.08 ppm or 0.2, 0.04, and 0.008 ppm) after the five-fold dilutions.
• Negative controls on each plate included 2% DMSO, water, and a blank (media +2% DMSO).
• Fungal spores were isolated from previously sub-cultured plates of Botrtyis cinerea (Bc), Collectotrichum graminicola (Cg), Diplodia maydis (Dm), Fusarium moniliforme (Fm), Fusarium virguliforme (Fv), Phytophthora capsici (Pc), and Septoria tritici (St).
• the isolated spores were diluted to individual concentrations with a 17% V8 liquid media.
• Rhizoctonia solani (Rs) 1.5 mm mycelial plugs were used in place of spores and 1 ⁇ 4 Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) was used for dilution.
• the spore concentrations and plug sizes were based on growth curves generated at 48 hours for each pathogen.
• spores or mycelial plugs, media, diluted compound solutions, and controls were combined. Once the compound was added, a true final concentration of compound in each well was measured by an OD600 reading, which adjusted for any compound precipitation that might have occurred in the well. Plate readings were repeated at both 24 and 48 hours. The blank negative control was used as a background subtraction. Additional visual ratings were performed at both 24 and 48 hours for checking on precipitation and confirming efficacy. Visual and OD600 ratings of the compounds at 48 hours were compared to the 2% DMSO negative control, and the percent of pathogen growth inhibition was determined based on those values.
• a list of compounds that have an inhibition of ⁇ 90% of Fusarium moniliforme (Fm) at a compound concentration of 2 ppm or lower is included in Table 2 below. Additional compounds that have an inhibition of ⁇ 90% of Fusarium moniliforme (Fm) are included in Table 3 below. Both tables list the concentration of each compound that was sufficient to ⁇ 90% inhibition of growth for each of the fungal pathogens listed above. In addition, some of compounds were tested in a yeast growth inhibition assay for Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc). Table 2 lists the concentration of the tested compound that was sufficient to ⁇ 75% inhibition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc).
• Plants Hordeum vulgare cv. Perry were grown for 6 days in 2-inch square pots containing Metromix 200 medium amended with fertilizer. For propagation, plants were maintained in a growth chamber at conditions of 20 to 21° C., 16 hour light cycle, 400 uM of light, 70% humidity, and with sub-irrigation as needed. After inoculation with the pathogen of Blumeria graminis f sp. hordei , plants were kept at conditions of 20 to 22° C., 70% relative humidity, and 200 uM of light to facilitate infection and disease development.
• test compounds were dissolved in a solution of 5% acetone and 0.005% Tween 80 surfactant. An atomizer was used for applying the solution onto both sides of the leaves until thoroughly wetted.
• the amount of the compound applied to the leaves was typically 200, 100, 50, 10, or 2 ppm, but it may vary.
• the plants were moved to a cooler chamber and inoculated by shaking well-colonized, untreated stock plants above the treated plants. This allowed producing a settling cloud of spores and resulting in uniform infection.
• Plants ( Cucumis sativus cv. Straight Eight) were grown for 10 days in 2.5-inch square pots containing Metromix 200 medium amended with fertilizer. For propagation, plants were maintained in a growth chamber at conditions of 23 to 27° C., 16 hour light cycle, ambient humidity, and with sub-irrigation as needed. After inoculation with the pathogen of Sphaerotheca fuliginea , plants were kept at conditions of 23 to 27° C., 16 hour light cycle, 60% relative humidity, and with sub-irrigation as needed to facilitate infection and disease development.
• test compounds were dissolved in 5% acetone and 0.05% Tween 20 surfactant.
• An atomizer was used for applying the solution onto both sides of the leaves until thoroughly wetted.
• the amount of the compound applied to the leaves was typically 200, 100, 50, or 10 ppm, but it may vary.
• the plants were moved to a cooler chamber and inoculated by shaking well-colonized, untreated stock plants above the treated plants. This allowed producing a settling cloud of spores and resulting in uniform infection. Inoculated plants were kept near other sporulating stock plants to allow for infection of newly emerging leaves.
• Efficacy was evaluated in 7 days later by examining leaves for colonization and growth of mildew.
• Table 5 lists the results of cucumber powdery mildew control at a compound concentration of 10 ppm or lower.
• Compounds having an activity designated as “AA” provided a compound having >85% control of cucumber powdery mildew; compounds having an activity designated as “A” provided a compound having from 70% to 84% control of cucumber powdery mildew; compounds having an activity designated as “B” provided a compound having from 50 to 69% control of cucumber powdery mildew; compounds having an activity designated as “C” provided a compound having from 25 to 49% control of cucumber powdery mildew; and compounds having an activity designated as “D” provided a compound having ⁇ 25% control of cucumber powdery mildew.
• Plants Triticum aestivum cv. WinterHawk were grown for 14 days in 2-inch square pots containing Metromix 200 medium amended with fertilizer. For propagation, plants were maintained at in a growth chamber at conditions of 24 to 26° C., 16 hour light cycle, 400 uM of light, 60% humidity, and with sub-irrigation as needed. After inoculation with the pathogen of Mycosphaerella graminicola (synthetic Septoria tritici ), plants were kept at conditions of 16 to 20° C., 75% relative humidity, and 200 uM of light to facilitate infection and disease development.
• test compounds were dissolved in a solution of 5% acetone and 0.01% Tween 20 surfactant. An atomizer was used for applying the solution onto both sides of the leaves until thoroughly wetted. The amount of the compound applied to the leaves was typically 100, or 25 ppm, but it may vary.
• the plants were moved to a cooler chamber and inoculated by spraying the spore suspension until all leaf surfaces were wetted.
• the inoculated plants were then incubated for 3 days in a misting tent covered with a thin shade cloth. After misting for 3 days, they were removed from the mist tent and grown for 16 days before rating.
• Table 6 lists the results of wheat septoria leaf blotch control at a compound concentration of 25 ppm or lower.
• Compounds having an activity designated as “AA” provided a compound having >85% control of wheat septoria leaf blotch; compounds having an activity designated as “A” provided a compound having from 70% to 84% control of wheat septoria leaf blotch; compounds having an activity designated as “B” provided a compound having from 50 to 69% control of wheat septoria leaf blotch; compounds having an activity designated as “C” provided a compound having from 25 to 49% control of wheat septoria leaf blotch; and compounds having an activity designated as “D” provided a compound having ⁇ 25% control of wheat septoria leaf blotch.
• Plants ( Triticum aestivum cv. Samson) were grown until flowing in 4.5-inch square pots containing Metromix 200 medium amended with fertilizer. For propagation, plants were maintained at in a growth chamber at conditions of 20 to 21° C., 16 hour light cycle, 400 uM of light, 70% humidity, and with sub-irrigation as needed. After inoculation with the pathogen of Fusarium graminearum , plants were kept at the same conditions to facilitate disease development.
• test compounds When wheat plants were flowering, the test compounds were dissolved in a solution of 5% acetone and 0.02% Tween 20 surfactant. An atomizer was used for applying the solution onto both sides of the leaves until thoroughly wetted. The amount of the compound applied to the leaves was typically 100, or 25 ppm, but it may vary.
• the plants were inoculated by spraying the conidial suspension until the heads were thoroughly wetted.
• the inoculated plants were then placed for 3 days in a misting tent at 22° C. during the day and 17° C. during the night with 15 hours of light. After misting, they remained in these same growth conditions for further disease development
• Table 7 lists the results of wheat fusarium head blight control at a compound concentration of 25 ppm or lower.
• Compounds having an activity designated as “AA” provided a compound having >85% control of wheat fusarium head blight; compounds having an activity designated as “A” provided a compound having from 70% to 84% control of wheat fusarium head blight; compounds having an activity designated as “B” provided a compound having from 50 to 69% control of wheat fusarium head blight; compounds having an activity designated as “C” provided a compound having from 25 to 49% control of wheat fusarium head blight; and compounds having an activity designated as “D” provided a compound having ⁇ 25% control of wheat fusarium head blight.
• Plants Triticum aestivum cv. Winterhawk were grown for 11 days in 2.5-inch square pots containing Metromix 200 medium amended with fertilizer. For propagation, plants were maintained in a growth chamber at conditions of 20 to 21° C., 16 hour light cycle, 400 uM of light, 60% humidity, and with sub-irrigation as needed. After inoculation with the pathogen of Puccinia triticina , plants were kept at conditions of 20 to 20° C. and 80% relative humidity to facilitate infection and disease development.
• test compounds were dissolved in a solution of 5% acetone and 0.02% Tween 20 surfactant. An atomizer was used for applying the solution onto both sides of the leaves until thoroughly wetted. The amount of the compound applied to the leaves was typically 25 or 10 ppm, but it may vary.
• plants were inoculated by spraying the spore suspension on the underside of the leaves until they are wetted. Inoculated plants were then incubated for 24 hours in a misting tent at 20° C. After misting, they were grown at the same conditions as the incubation conditions with exception of having a 85% relative humidity.
• Table 8 lists the results of wheat leaf rust control at a compound concentration of 10 ppm or lower.
• Compounds having an activity designated as “AA” provided a compound having ⁇ 85% control of wheat leaf rust; compounds having an activity designated as “A” provided a compound having from 70% to 84% control of wheat leaf rust; compounds having an activity designated as “B” provided a compound having from 50 to 69% control of wheat leaf rust; compounds having an activity designated as “C” provided a compound having from 25 to 49% control of wheat leaf rust; and compounds having an activity designated as “D” provided a compound having ⁇ 25% control of wheat leaf rust.
• Plants ( Glycine max AG4832) were grown in 2.5-inch square pots containing Fafard germination mix amended with fertilizer. For propagation, plants were maintained in a growth chamber at conditions of 21 to 26° C., 16 hour light cycle, 600 uM of light, 65% humidity, and with sub-irrigation as needed. To maintain the pathogen stocks, plants are inoculated with the pathogen of Phakopsora pachyrhizi and placed in a mist tent for 24 hours. After inoculation with the pathogen, plants were grown at conditions of 20 to 24° C., 12 hour light cycle, 400 uE of light, and 80 to 85% relative humidity to facilitate infection and disease development. At 10 to 28 days after inoculation, spores were collected and stored at 4° C. before use.
• test compounds were dissolved in a solution of 5% acetone and 0.02% Tween 20 surfactant.
• An air brush sprayer was used for applying the solution to the plant. Because of plant stature and angle of the leaves, chemistry accumulated mainly on the top of the leaf; leaves were wet but not dripping. The amount of the compound applied to the leaves was typically 25 or 100 ppm, but it may vary.
• the left lateral leaf from the first or second trifoliate (dependent upon the purpose of the experiment) was removed and placed in a petri dish with moist filter paper and inoculated.
• Leaflets were inoculated by spraying the spore suspension in a solution of 0.1% water agar on the bottom/abaxial side of the leaflet until they were covered with a fine mist. Typically, approximately 1 ml/leaflet was applied.
• Percent disease area was evaluated in 14 days later via a software program, and efficacy was calculated based on the control leaves that were treated with the formulation without a test compound.
• Table 9 lists the results of Asian soybean rust control at a compound concentration of 25 ppm or lower.
• Compounds having an activity designated as “AA” provided a compound having >85% control of Asian soybean rust; compounds having an activity designated as “A” provided a compound having from 70% to 84% control of Asian soybean rust; compounds having an activity designated as “B” provided a compound having from 50 to 69% control of Asian soybean rust; compounds having an activity designated as “C” provided a compound having from 25 to 49% control of Asian soybean rust; and compounds having an activity designated as “D” provided a compound having ⁇ 25% control of Asian soybean rust.
• Rhizoctonia solani inoculum was grown on sterile sorghum; and the pathogen of Pythium ultimum inoculum was grown on white millet.
• Soybean seeds ( Glycine max cv.AG4832) were planted in 2.5-inch square pots containing Berger BM2 germination mix amended with fertilizer (e.g., 14-14-14). Pots with soil were inoculated with the pathogen of R. solani or P. ultimum at time of planting. A hole was pressed into the soil to a depth of about 2 to 3 cm; the inoculum was added to the hole, followed by the seed which was then covered with soil. Two seeds per pot were planted. Plants were grown in a growth chamber at conditions of 20 to 24° C., 14 hour light cycle, 500 uM of light, and 65% humidity. The pots inoculated with P. ultimum were sub-irrigated every day; and the pots inoculated with R. solani were sub-irrigated every other day.
• Seedling emergence was captured at 7 and 14 days after seeding. At 14 days, the top of the plant was removed and fresh weight was recorded.
• the plant weights from the seeds treated with test compounds were compared to the ones either from the inoculated non-treated seeds or non-inoculated non-treated seeds.
• Table 10 lists the results of the R. solani control in soybean upon seed treatment with test compounds
• Table 11 lists the results of the P. ultimum control in soybean upon seed treatment with test compounds, respectively.
• the pathogen of Fusarium graminearum was cultured aseptically on whole sorghum using standard mycological techniques and air-dried. The sorghum inoculum was then coarsely ground using a coffee mill before use.
• Two corn seeds ( Zea mays cv. DKC 36-34 or DKC 63-33) were planted in 2.5-inch square pots containing Berger BM6 15P germination mix amended with fertilizer (e.g., 19-6-12).
• the soil pots were pre-drenched and two two-inch holes were pressed into the soil.
• the sorghum inoculums ( 1/16 teaspoon) was added to each hole, followed by one corn seed (treated with or without test compounds).
• the two seeds were sown in opposite corners of the pot. Plants were grown in a growth chamber at conditions of 20 to 24° C., 16 hour light cycle, 500 uM of light, 65% humidity, and with sub-irrigation twice daily.
• Seedling emergence and total plant height (cm) were recorded at 7 and 14 days after planting.
• test compounds e.g., in formulations
• Tables 12 and 13 list the results of the F. graminearum control in corn upon seed treatment with test compounds.
• Barley seeds Hordeum vulgare cv. Perry or Conlon were treated with a test compound dissolved in pure acetone, in which the acetone solution (1 mL) was used per 50 seeds in glass jars in a fume hood. The seeds were swirled in the glass jars by hand until no obvious presence of acetone remained and the seeds were mostly dry.
• Plants were grown for 7 days in 2-inch square pots containing Metromix 200 medium amended with fertilizer.
• plants were maintained in a growth chamber at conditions of 20 to 21° C., 16 hour light cycle, 400 uM of light, 50% humidity, and with sub-irrigation as needed.
• plants were kept at conditions of 20 to 22° C., 200 uM of light, 70% humidity to facilitate infection and disease development.
• embodiment 1 is a composition for agricultural use comprising an effective amount of a fungicidal compound of Formula I:
• R 1 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, C 1 -C 4 haloalkyl, or C 1 -C 4 haloalkoxy;
• R 2 is heteroaryl, alkyl, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl, each of which may be optionally independently substituted with one or more of hydroxyl, halogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, C 1 -C 4 haloalkyl, C 1 -C 4 haloalkoxy, oxo, or cyano; or R 2 is —C(O)R 21 , wherein R 21 is hydroxyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 haloalkoxy, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkoxy, arylalkoxy, heteroarylalkoxy, or heterocyclyl, each of which may be optionally independently substituted with one or more of hydroxyl, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, oxo, or cyano;
• R 3 is —C(O)R 31 , —C(O)N(R 32 R 33 ), or —R 34 SO 2 N(R 32 R 33 ), wherein R 31 is hydroxyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 haloalkoxy, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkoxy, arylalkoxy, heteroarylalkoxy, or 1-heterocycl-1-yl, each of which may be optionally independently substituted with one or more of hydroxyl, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, oxo, or cyano; R 32 and R 33 are each independently hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, or C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, each of which may be optionally independently substituted with one or more of hydroxyl, halogen, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, oxo, or cyano; and R 34 is
• R 4 is hydrogen or —OR 6 , wherein R 6 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, C 4 -C 10 cycloalkylalkyl, or heterocyclyl, each of which may be optionally independently substituted with one or more of an oxygen atom, hydroxyl, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, oxo, cyano, —N(R 61 R 62 ), —C(O)N(R 61 R 62 ), or SO 2 R 63 , wherein R 61 and R 62 are each independently hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 alkyl, and R 63 is C 1 -C 6 alkyl;
• R 4′ is hydrogen or C 1 -C 4 alkyl, which may be optionally substituted with one or more of hydroxyl, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, or cyano;
• R 5 and R 5′ are each independently hydrogen or C 1 -C 4 alkyl;
• R 7 is hydroxyl or C 1 -C 4 alkyl, which may be optionally substituted with one or more of hydroxyl, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, oxo, or cyano; or
• R 7 is —OR 10 , wherein R 10 is C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 haloalkyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkylmethyl, heterocyclyl, or aryl(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, each of which may be optionally independently substituted with one or more of hydroxyl, an oxygen atom, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, oxo, or cyano; and
• R 8 is hydrogen, halogen, or cyano.
• Embodiment 2 is the composition of embodiment 1 wherein R 1 is C 1 -C 4 alkyl.
• Embodiment 3 is the composition of embodiment 2 wherein R 1 is methyl.
• Embodiment 4 is the composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 3 wherein R 2 is —C(O)R 21 , wherein R 21 is C 1 -C 4 alkoxy.
• Embodiment 5 is the composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 3 wherein R 2 is —CH 2 OH.
• Embodiment 6 is the composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 3 wherein R 2 is —CH 2 O(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl.
• Embodiment 7 is the composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 3 wherein R 2 is cyclobutyl.
• Embodiment 8 is the composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 3 wherein R 2 is unsubstituted heteroaryl.
• Embodiment 9 is the composition of embodiment 8 wherein R 2 is a 5-membered heteroaryl.
• Embodiment 10 is the composition of embodiment 9 wherein R 2 is oxazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, isoxazolyl, or thienyl.
• Embodiment 11 is the composition of embodiment 10 wherein R 2 is oxazolyl, pyrazolyl, or triazolyl.
• Embodiment 12 is the composition of embodiment 11 wherein R 2 is 2-oxazolyl.
• Embodiment 13 is the composition of embodiment 11 wherein R 2 is 1-pyrazolyl.
• Embodiment 14 is the composition of embodiment 11 wherein R 2 is 2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl.
• Embodiment 15 is the composition of any one of embodiment s 1 to 14 wherein R 3 is —C(O)R 31 , wherein R 31 is hydroxyl, alkoxy, or an optionally independently substituted 1-heterocycl-1-yl.
• Embodiment 16 is the composition of embodiment 15 wherein R 31 is hydroxyl.
• Embodiment 17 is the composition of embodiment 15 wherein R 31 is ethoxy or benzoxy.
• Embodiment 18 is the composition of embodiment 15 wherein R 31 is 2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolyl, 1-piperidinyl, 1-pyrrolidinyl, 1-morpholinyl, or 1-azetidinyl, each of which may be optionally independently substituted with hydroxyl, methoxy, or methyl.
• Embodiment 19 is the composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 14 wherein R 3 is —C(O)N(R 32 R 33 ), wherein R 32 and R 33 are independently hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, or C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl.
• Embodiment 20 is the composition of embodiment 19 wherein R 32 is hydrogen or methyl, and R 33 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, 2-propenyl, or —CH 2 CN.
• Embodiment 21 is the composition of embodiment 20 wherein R 32 is hydrogen, and R 33 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, 2-propenyl, or —CH 2 CN.
• Embodiment 22 is the composition of embodiment 20 wherein R 32 is methyl, and R 33 is methyl, isopropyl, or 2-propenyl.
• Embodiment 23 is the composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 14 wherein R 3 is —R 34 SO 2 N(R 32 R 33 ), wherein R 34 is a bond or C 1 -C 4 alkyl, and R 32 and R 33 are each hydrogen.
• Embodiment 24 is the composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 14 wherein R 3 is —CH 2 SO 2 NH 2 .
• Embodiment 25 is the composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 24 wherein R 4 and R 4′ are both hydrogen.
• Embodiment 26 is the composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 24 wherein R 4 is —OR 6 and R 4′ is hydrogen, wherein R 6 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, C 4 -C 10 cycloalkylalkyl, or heterocyclyl, each of which may be optionally independently substituted with hydroxyl, methoxy, oxo, cyano, —N(CH 3 ) 2 , —C(O)NH 2 , or —SO 2 CH 3 .
• Embodiment 27 is the composition of embodiment 26 wherein R 6 is hydrogen.
• Embodiment 28 is the composition of embodiment 26 wherein R 6 is C 1 -C 6 alkyl or C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, each of which may be optionally independently substituted with hydroxyl, methoxy, oxo, cyano, —N(CH 3 ) 2 , —C(O)NH 2 , or —SO 2 CH 3 .
• Embodiment 29 is the composition of embodiment 28 wherein R 6 is ethyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, —CH 2 CH 2 OH, —CH 2 CH 2 OCH 3 , —(CH 2 ) 3 OCH 3 , —CH 2 CH(CH 3 )OH, —CH 2 C(CH 3 ) 2 OH, —CH 2 CH ⁇ CH 2 , —C(O)CH 3 , —C(O)CH 2 OH, —CH 2 CN, —CH 2 CH 2 CN, —CH 2 CH(CH 3 )CN, —CH 2 C(CH 3 ) 2 CN, —CH 2 CH 2 N(CH 3 ) 2 , —CH 2 CH 2 C(O)NH 2 , or —CH 2 CH 2 SO 2 CH 3 .
• Embodiment 30 is the composition of embodiment 26 wherein R 6 is C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl or C 4 -C 10 cycloalkylalkyl, which may be optionally independently substituted with hydroxyl or oxo.
• Embodiment 31 is the composition of embodiment 30 wherein R 6 is 4-hydroxycyclohexyl, 4-oxycyclohexyl, (4-oxocyclohexyl)methyl, or (4-hydroxycyclohexyl)methyl.
• Embodiment 32 is the composition of embodiment 26 wherein R 6 is tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl.
• Embodiment 33 is the composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 24 wherein R 4 is —OH or —OCH 2 CH 2 CN, and R 4′ is methyl, —CH 2 OH, or —CH 2 CH 2 OH.
• Embodiment 34 is the composition of embodiment 33 wherein R 4 is —OH and R 4 is —CH 2 OH.
• Embodiment 35 is the composition of embodiment 33 wherein R 4 is —OH and R 4 is —CH 2 CH 2 OH.
• Embodiment 36 is the composition of embodiment 33 wherein R 4 is —OCH 2 CH 2 CN and R 4′ is methyl.
• Embodiment 37 is the composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 36 wherein R 5 and R 5′ are independently hydrogen or methyl.
• Embodiment 38 is the composition of embodiment 37 wherein R 5 and R 5′ are both methyl.
• Embodiment 39 is the composition of embodiment 37 wherein R 5 is methyl and R 5 is hydrogen.
• Embodiment 40 is the composition of embodiment 37 wherein R 5 and R 5′ are both hydrogen.
• Embodiment 41 is the composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 40 wherein R 7 is hydroxyl.
• Embodiment 42 is the composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 40 wherein R 7 is C 1 -C 4 alkyl, which may be optionally independently substituted with cyano.
• Embodiment 43 is the composition of embodiment 42 wherein R 7 is methyl, ethyl, or —(CH 2 ) 3 CN.
• Embodiment 44 is the composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 40 wherein R 7 is —OR 10 , wherein R 10 is C 1 -C 4 alkyl, heterocyclyl, or benzyl, each of which may be optionally independently substituted with hydroxyl, methoxy, oxo, oxetanyl, or cyano.
• Embodiment 45 is the composition of embodiment 44 wherein R 10 is methyl, —CH(CH 3 ) 2 , —CH 2 CH 2 OH, —CH 2 CH 2 OCH 3 , —C(O)CH 3 , —CH 2 (oxetan-3-yl), —CH 2 CN, or —CH 2 CH 2 CN.
• Embodiment 46 is the composition of embodiment 45 wherein R 10 is methyl.
• Embodiment 47 is the composition of embodiment 44 wherein R 10 is tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl or benzyl.
• Embodiment 48 is the composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 47 wherein R 8 is hydrogen or fluorine.
• Embodiment 49 is a composition for agricultural use comprising an effective amount of a fungicidal compound of Formula Ia, or Ib:
• R 1 is methyl
• R 2 is oxazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, cyclobutyl, —CH 2 OH, —CH 2 O(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, or —C(O)R 21 wherein R 21 is C 1 -C 4 alkoxy;
• R 3 is —C(O)R 31 , —C(O)N(R 32 R 33 ), or —R 34 SO 2 N(R 32 R 33 ), wherein R 31 is hydroxyl, ethoxy, benzoxy, 1-pyrrolidinyl, 1-piperidinyl, 1-morpholinyl, 2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl, or 3-hydroxyazetidin-1-yl, R 32 is hydrogen or methyl, and R 33 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, 2-propenyl, or cyclobutyl; or R 34 is a bond, or C 1 -C 4 alkyl;
• R 5 and R 5′ are each independently hydrogen or methyl
• R 6 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, which may be substituted with one or more of hydroxyl, methoxy, oxo, cyano, or —SO 2 CH 3 ;
• R 6 is cyclohexyl or cyclohexylmethyl, which may be substituted with one or more of hydroxyl or oxo;
• R 6 is 2-propenyl; or
• R 6 is tetrahydropyranyl;
• R 8 is hydrogen or F
• R 9 is hydroxyl, methyl, ethyl, or —(CH 2 ) 3 CN;
• R 10 is methyl or ethyl, each of which may be substituted with one or more of hydroxyl, methyl, methoxy, cyano, phenyl, oxo, or oxetan-3-yl; or R 10 is tetrahydropyranyl.
• Embodiment 50 is the composition of embodiment 49 wherein R 2 is 1-pyrazolyl, 2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl, 2-oxazolyl, or —C(O)OCH 2 CH 3 .
• Embodiment 51 is the composition of embodiment 50 wherein R 2 is 1-pyrazolyl.
• Embodiment 52 is the composition of embodiment 50 wherein R 2 is 2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl.
• Embodiment 53 is the composition of embodiment 50 wherein R 2 is 2-oxazolyl.
• Embodiment 54 is the composition of embodiment 50 wherein R 2 is —C(O)OCH 2 CH 3 .
• Embodiment 55 is the composition of any one of embodiment 49 to 54 wherein R 3 is —C(O)R 31 , wherein R 31 is 1-pyrrolidinyl or 1-piperidinyl.
• Embodiment 56 is the composition of embodiment 55 wherein R 3 is —C(O)R 31 , wherein R 31 is 1-pyrrolidinyl.
• Embodiment 57 is the composition of any one of embodiment 49 to 54 wherein R 3 is —C(O)N(R 32 R 33 ), R 32 is hydrogen or methyl, and R 33 is ethyl, isopropyl, or cyclobutyl.
• Embodiment 58 is the composition of embodiment 57 wherein R 32 is hydrogen, and R 33 is ethyl.
• Embodiment 59 is the composition of embodiment 57 wherein R 32 is hydrogen, and R 33 is isopropyl.
• Embodiment 60 is the composition of embodiment 57 wherein R 32 is methyl, and R 33 is isopropyl.
• Embodiment 61 is the composition of embodiment 57 wherein R 32 is hydrogen, and R 33 is cyclobutyl.
• Embodiment 62 is the composition of any one of embodiments 49 to 61 wherein R 5 and R 5′ are each methyl.
• Embodiment 63 is the composition of any one of embodiments 49 to 61 wherein R 5 is methyl and R 5′ is hydrogen.
• Embodiment 64 is the composition of any one of embodiments 49 to 63 wherein R 6 is hydrogen, isopropyl, —CH 2 CH 2 OH, —CH 2 CH 2 OCH 3 , —(CH 2 ) 3 OCH 3 , —C(O)CH 3 , —CH 2 CN, —CH 2 CH 2 CN, —CH 2 CH(CH 3 )CN, —CH 2 C(CH 3 ) 2 CN, —CH 2 CH 2 SO 2 CH 3 , or tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl.
• R 6 is hydrogen, isopropyl, —CH 2 CH 2 OH, —CH 2 CH 2 OCH 3 , —(CH 2 ) 3 OCH 3 , —C(O)CH 3 , —CH 2 CN, —CH 2 CH 2 CN, —CH 2 CH(CH 3 )CN, —CH 2 C(CH 3 ) 2 CN, —CH 2 CH 2 SO 2 CH 3
• Embodiment 65 is the composition of any one of embodiments 49 to 64 wherein R 8 is hydrogen.
• Embodiment 66 is the composition of any one of embodiments 49 to 64 wherein R 8 is F.
• Embodiment 67 is the composition of any one of embodiments 49 to 66 wherein R 9 is ethyl.
• Embodiment 68 is the composition of any one of embodiments 49 to 66 wherein R 10 is methyl.
• Embodiment 69 is a composition for agricultural use comprising an effective amount of a fungicidal compound selected from the group consisting of:
• Embodiment 70 is the composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 69 further comprising a surfactant.
• Embodiment 71 is the composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 69 further comprising a co-solvent.
• Embodiment 72 is the composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 69 further comprising a biological control agent, microbial extract, natural product, plant growth activator or plant defense agent or mixtures thereof.
• Embodiment 73 is the composition of embodiment 72 wherein the biological control agent comprises a bacterium, a fungus, a beneficial nematode, or a virus.
• Embodiment 74 is the composition of embodiment 73 wherein the biological control agent comprises a bacterium of the genus Actinomycetes, Agrobacterium, Arthrobacter, Alcaligenes, Aureobacterium, Azobacter, Bacillus, Beijerinckia, Bradyrhizobium, Brevibacillus, Burkholderia, Chromobacterium, Clostridium, Clavibacter, Comamonas, Corynebacterium, Curtobacterium, Enterobacter, Flavobacterium, Gluconobacter, Hydrogenophage, Klebsiella, Metarhizium, Methylobacterium, Paenibacillus, Pasteuria, Photorhabdus, Phyllobacterium, Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, Serratia, Sphingobacterium, Stenotrophomonas, Streptomyces, Variovax , or Xenorhabdus.
• the biological control agent comprises a bacterium of the
• Embodiment 75 is the composition of embodiment 73 wherein the biological control agent comprises a fungus of the genus Alternaria, Ampelomyces, Aspergillus, Aureobasidium, Beauveria, Colletotrichum, Coniothyrium, Gliocladium, Metarhizium, Muscodor, Paecilomyces, Penicillium, Trichoderma, Typhula, Ulocladium , and Verticillium.
• the biological control agent comprises a fungus of the genus Alternaria, Ampelomyces, Aspergillus, Aureobasidium, Beauveria, Colletotrichum, Coniothyrium, Gliocladium, Metarhizium, Muscodor, Paecilomyces, Penicillium, Trichoderma, Typhula, Ulocladium , and Verticillium.
• Embodiment 76 is the composition of embodiment 73 wherein the biological control agent is a plant growth activator or plant defense agent selected from the group consisting of harpin, Reynoutria sachalinensis , jasmonate, lipochitooligosaccharides, salicylic acid, and isoflavones.
• the biological control agent is a plant growth activator or plant defense agent selected from the group consisting of harpin, Reynoutria sachalinensis , jasmonate, lipochitooligosaccharides, salicylic acid, and isoflavones.
• Embodiment 77 is the composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 76 further comprising one or more additional pesticides, wherein the additional pesticide comprises a fungicide, an insecticide and a herbicide or a mixture thereof.
• Embodiment 78 is the composition of embodiment 77 wherein the additional pesticide is a fungicide selected from the group consisting of acibenzolar-S-methyl, azoxystrobin, benalaxyl, benzovindiflupyr, bixafen, boscalid, carbendazim, cyproconazole, dimethomorph, epoxiconazole, fluindapyr, fluopyram, fluoxastrobin, flutianil, flutolanil, fluxapyroxad, fosetyl-A1, ipconazole, isopyrazam, kresoxim-methyl, mefenoxam, metalaxyl, metconazole, myclobutanil, orysastrobin, oxathiapiprolin, penflufen, penthiopyrad, picoxystrobin, propiconazole, prothioconazole, pyraclostrobin, pydiflumetofen,
• Embodiment 79 is the composition of embodiment 77 wherein the additional pesticide is an insecticide or nematicide selected from the group consisting of abamectin, aldicarb, aldoxycarb, bifenthrin, broflanilide, carbofuran, chlorantraniliprole, clothianidin, cyantraniliprole, cyclaniliprole, cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, dinotefuran, emamectin, ethiprole, fenamiphos, fipronil, flubendiamide, fosthiazate, imidacloprid, ivermectin, lambda-cyhalothrin, milbemectin, 3-phenyl-5-(2-thienyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole, nitenpyram, oxamyl, permethrin, spine
• Embodiment 80 is the composition of embodiment 77 wherein the additional pesticide is an herbicide selected from the group consisting of acetochlor, clethodim, dicamba, 1,5-dimethyl-6-thioxo-3-(2,2,7-trifluoro-3,4-dihydro-3-oxo-4-prop-2-ynyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4-dione (trifludimoxazin), ethyl 2-((3-(2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-(3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydropyrimidin-1(6H)-yl)phenoxy)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)acetate, flumioxazin, fomesafen, glyphosate, glufosinate, halauxifen, isoxaflutole, me
• Embodiment 81 is the composition of embodiment 77 or 80 wherein the additional pesticide is an ACCase inhibitor.
• Embodiment 82 is the composition of embodiment 81 wherein the additional pesticide is an ACCase inhibitor selected from the group consisting of chlorazifop, clodinafop, clofop, cyhalofop, diclofop, fenoxaprop, fenoxaprop-P, fenthiaprop, fluazifop, fluazifop-P, haloxyfop, haloxyfop-P, isoxapyrifop, kuicaoxi, metamifop, propaquizafop, quizalofop, quizalofop-P, trifop, alloxydim, butroxydim, clethodim, cloproxydim, cycloxydim, profoxydim, sethoxydim, tepraloxydim, tralkoxydim, and pinoxaden.
• an ACCase inhibitor selected from the group consisting of chloraz
• Embodiment 83 is the composition of embodiment 77 wherein the additional pesticide is selected from the group consisting of fluoxastrobin, fluxapyroxad, ipconazole, mefenoxam, metalaxyl, penflufen, prothioconazole, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin, abamectin, Bacillus firmus , clothianidin, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and mixtures thereof.
• the additional pesticide is selected from the group consisting of fluoxastrobin, fluxapyroxad, ipconazole, mefenoxam, metalaxyl, penflufen, prothioconazole, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin, abamectin, Bacillus firmus , clothianidin, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and mixtures thereof.
• Embodiment 84 is the composition of embodiment 77 wherein the treatment composition comprises tioxazafen.
• Embodiment 85 is a treated seed comprising a composition as set forth in any one of embodiments 1 to 84.
• Embodiment 86 is the seed of embodiment 85, wherein the treated seed comprises: a seed and a coating comprising a composition as set forth in any one of embodiments 1 to 84.
• Embodiment 87 is the seed of embodiment 86, wherein the coating comprises the fungicidal compound of Formula I, Formula Ia, or a salt thereof in an amount of at least about 0.005 mg/seed, from about 0.005 to about 1 mg/seed, or from about 0.05 to about 0.5 mg/seed.
• Embodiment 88 is a method of controlling agricultural fungal pathogens, the method comprising administering to a plant, a seed or soil a composition as set forth in any one of embodiments 1 to 84.
• Embodiment 89 is the method of embodiment 88 wherein the method comprises administering the composition to a seed.
• Embodiment 90 is a treated seed prepared according to the method of embodiment 89.
• Embodiment 91 is the method of embodiment 88 wherein the method comprises exogenously administering the composition to a plant.
• Embodiment 92 is the method of embodiment 91 wherein the composition is applied to the foliage of a plant.
• Embodiment 93 is the method of embodiment 91 wherein the method comprises applying the composition to the soil surrounding the root zone of a plant.
• Embodiment 94 is the method of embodiment 91 wherein the composition is applied directly to the base of the plant or to the soil immediately adjacent to the plant.
• Embodiment 95 is the method of embodiment 93 or 94 wherein the composition is applied such that it drains through the soil to the root area of the plant.
• Embodiment 96 is the method of any one of embodiments 91 to 95 wherein the composition is applied using a sprayer, a mechanical sprinkler, a drench application, drip irrigation technique, or tilled into the soil or applied in furrow.

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