US20160185787A1 - New stable salt of 5,10-methylene-(6r)-tetrahydrofolic acid - Google Patents

New stable salt of 5,10-methylene-(6r)-tetrahydrofolic acid Download PDF

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US20160185787A1
US20160185787A1 US14/912,328 US201414912328A US2016185787A1 US 20160185787 A1 US20160185787 A1 US 20160185787A1 US 201414912328 A US201414912328 A US 201414912328A US 2016185787 A1 US2016185787 A1 US 2016185787A1
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hemisulfate salt
thf
hemisulfate
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pharmaceutical composition
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Rudolf Moser
Viola Groehn
Thomas Egger
Thomas Ammann
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Merck et Cie
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
    • A61K9/19—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles lyophilised, i.e. freeze-dried, solutions or dispersions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
    • A61K31/519—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
    • C07D487/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
    • C07D487/14—Ortho-condensed systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
    • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/02—Inorganic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
    • A61K47/12—Carboxylic acids; Salts or anhydrides thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D475/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing pteridine ring systems
    • C07D475/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing pteridine ring systems with an oxygen atom directly attached in position 4
    • C07D475/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing pteridine ring systems with an oxygen atom directly attached in position 4 with a nitrogen atom directly attached in position 2
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D475/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing pteridine ring systems
    • C07D475/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing pteridine ring systems containing pteridine ring systems condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D475/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing pteridine ring systems
    • C07D475/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing pteridine ring systems containing pteridine ring systems condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D475/14—Benz [g] pteridines, e.g. riboflavin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K2300/00—Mixtures or combinations of active ingredients, wherein at least one active ingredient is fully defined in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C07B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
    • C07B2200/13—Crystalline forms, e.g. polymorphs

Definitions

  • the present invention is directed towards the hemisulfate salt of 5,10-methylene-(6R)-tetrahydrofolic acid, preferably in substantially crystalline form, as well as pharmaceutical compositions and uses thereof in therapy, preferably chemotherapy.
  • the reduced folate 5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate (5,10-CH 2 -THF) is known for its efficacy as a cytostatic agent and has been preferably administered in combination with fluorinated pyrimidines, such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), in the treatment of solid tumors (Seley, K. L. IDrugs 4 (1), 99, 2001).
  • 5,10-CH 2 -THF achieves its chemotherapeutic effect together with the base analogue and 5-FU metabolite 5-FdUMP by inhibiting the enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS).
  • TS catalyses the conversion of deoxyuridylate (dUMP) to deoxythymidylate (dTMP), which is an essential building block for DNA synthesis.
  • Deactivation of TS occurs by formation of a covalent, ternary inhibition complex between TS, the base analogue 5-FdUMP, which is a metabolite of 5-FU, and 5,10-CH 2 -THF.
  • An enhancement of the cytotoxic effect of 5-FU can be achieved by increasing the intracellular concentration of 5,10-CH 2 -THF, whereupon the stability of the ternary complex is increased. This causes direct inhibition of DNA synthesis and repair, which ultimately results in cell death and delay of tumor growth.
  • an active agent such as 5,10-CH 2 -THF
  • an active agent needs to fulfill several requirements including (i) high (chemical, isomeric, crystalline) stability of the active agent itself as well as pharmaceutical compositions thereof, such that effective storage over an acceptable period of time can be achieved, without exhibiting a significant change in the active agent's physicochemical characteristics, (ii) high (chemical, isomerical, crystalline) purity of the active agent, (iii) ease of handling and processing of the active agent to allow transfer the active agent into suitable formulations, etc.
  • 5,10-CH 2 -THF is an addition product of tetrahydrofolic acid (THF) and formaldehyde (see e.g. Poe, M. et al. Biochemistry 18 (24), 5527, 1979; Kallen, R. G. Methods in Enzymology 18B, 705, 1971) and is known for its extremely high sensitivity to oxidation by air as well as instability in neutral and/or acidic environments potentially leading to chemical degradation and/or hydrolysis (see e.g. Odin, E. et al., Cancer Investigation 16 (7), 447, 1998; Osborn, M. J. et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc.
  • the present invention is directed in a first aspect to the hemisulfate salt of (6R)-5,10-CH 2 -THF (hereinafter also called hemisulfate salt of the invention or compound of the invention).
  • the hemisulfate salt of (6R)-5,10-CH 2 -THF is in chemically and/or isomerically and/or crystalline pure form, more preferably, the hemisulfate salt of (6R)-5,10-CH 2 -THF is in substantially crystalline form.
  • the hemisulfate salt of (6R)-5,10-CH 2 -THF is in anhydrous form, thus in a preferred embodiment the hemisulfate salt of (6R)-5,10-CH 2 -THF is in crystalline anhydrous form.
  • the hemisulfate salt of (6R)-5,10-CH 2 -THF is in a crystalline form characterized by one or more X-ray pattern peak positions at an angle of diffraction 2theta (2 ⁇ ) of 4.7°, 17.9°, and 23.3° expressed in 2 ⁇ 0.2° 2 ⁇ (CuK ⁇ radiation).
  • the hemisulfate salt of (6R)-5,10-CH 2 -THF is characterized in that it provides a FT-Raman spectrum containing peaks at wavenumbers (expressed in ⁇ 2 cm ⁇ 1 ) of 1672, 1656, 1603, 1553, 1474, 1301, 637, 624 and 363 cm ⁇ 1 .
  • the present invention is directed to pharmaceutical compositions comprising a hemisulfate salt of (6R)-5,10-CH 2 -THF and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent, optionally further comprising at least one additional therapeutic agent including but not limited to, bactericides, antibiotics, antivirals, antiseptics, antineoplastics, anticancer compounds such as chemotherapeutic agents, antifungals, and/or anti-inflammatory agents or other bioactive or therapeutic agents that are suitable for human use, in particular anticancer compounds such as chemotherapeutic agents, for example 5-FU and derivatives, and antifolates, e.g. methotrexate, Pemetrexed.
  • chemotherapeutic agents for example 5-FU and derivatives
  • antifolates e.g. methotrexate, Pemetrexed.
  • the present invention is directed to the use of a hemisulfate salt of (6R)-5,10-CH 2 -THF (or pharmaceutical compositions thereof) in therapy, preferably in cancer chemotherapy.
  • FIG. 1 Raman spectrum of the hemisulfate salt of (6R)-5,10-CH 2 -THF (Type 1), recorded using a nominal laser power level of 300 mW and 64 scans.
  • FIG. 2( a ) X-Ray Powder Diffractogram of the hemisulfate salt of (6R)-5,10-CH 2 -THF (Type 1) recorded in the reflection mode;
  • 2 ( b ) X-Ray Powder Diffractogram of the hemisulfate salt of (6R)-5,10-CH 2 -THF (Type 1) recorded in the transmission mode;
  • 2 ( c ) Comparison of X-ray diffraction pattern of the hemisulfate salt of (6R)-5,10-CH 2 -THF (Type 1) recorded in transmission mode (upper curve A) with a recording of the same compound recorded in reflection mode (lower curve B);
  • 2 ( d ) Comparison of X-ray diffraction pattern of the hemisulfate salt of (6R)-5,10-CH 2 -THF (Type 1) (upper curve A) with an X-ray diffraction pattern of the sulfate salt of (6R)-5,10-CH 2 -TH
  • FIG. 3 TG-FTIR thermogram of the hemisulfate salt of (6R)-5,10-CH 2 -THF (Type 1). “A” indicates a change in mass of ⁇ 0.5% (due to loss of water) and “B” indicates a change in mass of ⁇ 14.53% (due to decomposition)
  • FIG. 4 DSC thermogram of the hemisulfate salt of (6R)-5,10-CH 2 -THF (Type 1; first scan: solid line; second scan (after quench cooling): dashed line).
  • the present invention is directed in a first aspect to a hemisulfate salt of (6R)-5,10-CH 2 -THF (also referred to as compound of the invention or hemisulfate salt of the invention).
  • the hemisulfate salt of (6R)-5,10-CH 2 -THF is in substantially crystalline form, more specifically in crystalline anhydrous form.
  • (6R)-5,10-CH 2 -THF refers to 5,10-CH 2 -THF in its naturally occurring isomeric form (5,10-methylene-(6R)-tetrahydrofolic acid, N-[4-[(6aR)-3-amino-1,2,5,6,6a,7-hexahydro-1-oxoimidazo[1,5-f]pteridin-8(9H)-yl]benzoyl]-L-glutamic acid), wherein the chiral centers at C6 of the pteridine ring and the ⁇ -carbon of the glutamic acid moiety are in their naturally occurring configuration.
  • stereoisomeric purity refers to the amount of (6R)-5,10-CH 2 -THF in a sample, which may contain one or more other isomers of the same compound.
  • crystalline form refers to a solid state form which consists of a specific orderly three-dimensional arrangement of structural units. Thus different crystalline forms of the same compound arise from different packing of the molecules in the solid state, which results in different crystal symmetries and/or unit cell parameter.
  • different solid or crystal forms have one or more different physical and/or chemical property, such as different solubility profiles, different thermodynamic and chemical stabilities, different melting points temperatures and/or different X-ray diffraction patterns, and thus can be distinguished by X-ray diffraction, Infrared (IR) spectroscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Raman spectroscopy, solid state NMR as well as melting points, density, hardness, optical and electrical properties, stability and/or solubility profile, etc. Little or no regular 3-dimensional arrangement is typically described by the term “amorphous”.
  • crystalline compound refers to a solid form of the compound of the invention comprising discernable amounts of crystal form(s) or polymorph(s) of the compound of the invention, preferably amounts of greater than 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or 95% of one (or more) crystal form(s) or polymorph(s) of the compound of the invention.
  • the amount, degree and nature of the crystallinity of the crystalline compound of the invention may be determined by one or more technical means including optical microscopy, electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, solid state NMR spectroscopy or polarizing microscopy.
  • hemisulfate salt includes all its specific embodiments and is preferably provided in chemically and/or (stereo)isomerically and/or crystalline pure form. In one specific embodiment it is in substantially crystalline form, more specifically in crystalline anhydrous form (hereinafter also called crystalline form Type 1).
  • crystalline purity means percentage of a particular crystalline form of a compound in a sample, which may contain the amorphous form of the compound, one or more other crystalline forms of the compound (other than the particular crystalline form of the compound), or a mixture thereof.
  • substantially crystalline form refers to at least about 80%, preferably at least about 90%, preferably at least about 95% crystalline purity, preferably about 97% crystalline purity, more preferably about 99% or more crystalline purity, and most preferably about 100% crystalline purity. Crystalline purity is determined by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), Infrared Raman spectroscopy and other solid state methods.
  • chemical purity means percentage of a particular compound in a sample.
  • substantially chemical purity refers to a compound of the invention in about 80% chemical purity, preferably about 90%, more preferably about 95%, more preferably about 97% , more preferably about 98% chemical purity, and most preferably 99% or higher than 99% or up to 100% chemical purity, as determined by HPLC.
  • Chemical impurities may include unreacted starting material (including solvents), degradation products of (6R)-5,10-CH 2 -THF (such as THF), etc.
  • the crystalline form of the hemisulfate salt of the invention may be identified, characterized and distinguished from other salt forms, such as other sulfate salt forms, by unique solid state signatures with respect to, for example, X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), Infrared Raman spectroscopy and other solid state methods, as shown by the data provided herein.
  • XRPD X-ray powder diffraction
  • Infrared Raman spectroscopy and other solid state methods, as shown by the data provided herein.
  • the present invention provides a crystalline form of the anhydrous hemisulfate salt of (6R)-5,10-CH 2 -THF (hereinafter also called crystalline form Type 1), characterized in that it provides:
  • the hemisulfate salt (Type 1) of the present invention is characterized by at least 2 of the following 10 XRPD peaks (expressed in 2 ⁇ 0.2° 2 ⁇ (CuK ⁇ radiation)) at 4.7°, 16.6°, 17.9°, 18.4°, 18.9°, 20.2°, 23.3°, 23.5°, 24.3° and 24.7°, preferably 4.7°, 17.9°, and 23.3° and at least 2 of the following 9 FT-Raman peaks (expressed in ⁇ 2 cm ⁇ 1 ) of 1672, 1656, 1603, 1553, 1474, 1301, 637, 624 and 363.
  • the hemisulfate salt of (6R)-5,10-CH 2 -THF (Type 1) of the present invention provides an FT-Raman spectrum substantially in accordance with FIG. 1 and/or peaks as reported in Table 1 and/or an X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) pattern substantially in accordance with FIG. 2( a ) and/or peaks as reported in Table 2.
  • XRPD X-ray powder diffraction
  • the compound of this invention is most efficiently characterized and distinguished from related compounds by the X-ray powder diffraction pattern as determined in accordance with procedures, which are known in the art (see e.g. J. Haleblian, J. Pharm. Sci. 64:1269, 1975; J. Haleblain and W. McCrone, J. Pharm. Sci. 58:911, 1969).
  • FIG. 1 J. Haleblian, J. Pharm. Sci. 64:1269, 1975; J. Haleblain and W. McCrone, J. Pharm. Sci. 58:911, 1969.
  • the compound of the invention can be identified by distinct peaks and peak locations characteristic for the specific polymorph (with a minor variation in peak assignments of about ⁇ 0.5 degrees 2theta (2 ⁇ ), preferably ⁇ 0.2 degrees 2theta (2 ⁇ ) (CuK ⁇ radiation).
  • the compounds of the invention are in unsolvated anhydrous form, which includes compounds that are fully free of water and compounds which may contain traces of water.
  • Such possible residual (not stoichiometric) water content may be any amount of water, but typically ranges from 0 wt.-% H 2 O to 3 wt.-% H 2 O, preferably between 0 wt.-% H 2 O and 1 wt.-% H 2 O.
  • the hemisulfate compound of the invention can be stored in solid form, such as in form of a powder, lyophilisate, or as a liquid.
  • the compounds of the invention are prepared by adding an aqueous formaldehyde solution of (6S)-THF to an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid (or an aqueous solution of acetic acid and sulfuric acid) and allowing crystallization of the hemisulfate salt of (6R)-5,10-CH 2 -THF to occur.
  • This crystallization reaction is performed at elevated temperatures, e.g. at a temperature of more than 35° C.
  • the methods of preparation of the crystalline hemisulfate salt of (6R)-5,10-CH 2 -THF comprise the steps of (i) reacting a solution of (6S)-tetrahydrofolic acid with an aqueous formaldehyde solution to obtain (6R)-5,10-CH 2 -THF in solution (according to known procedures), (ii) adding the obtained (6R)-5,10-CH 2 -THF in solution into an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid (or alternatively into an aqueous solution of acetic acid and sulfuric acid) at a temperature of more than 35° C., preferably between 35° C. and 70° C., more preferably between 40° C.
  • Step (i) may be carried out according to known procedures as described in the Examples.
  • the obtained clear solution may be added to a sulfuric acid solution (or an aqueous solution of acetic acid and sulfuric acid) at a temperature of about 40 to 50° C., allowing the selective crystallization of the desired product.
  • a sulfuric acid solution or an aqueous solution of acetic acid and sulfuric acid
  • the obtained reaction mixture may be stirred at a temperature of about 40 to 50° C., for up to 5 hours, subsequently the crystallized product is then filtered off or centrifuged at the same temperature, optionally washed with water, and dried.
  • the present invention is directed towards a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising (a therapeutically effective amount of) the hemisulfate salt of (6R)-5,10-CH 2 -THF according to the present invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier (also called pharmaceutical composition of the invention) for administration to a patient.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable indicates that the carrier is approved or recognized for use in animals, and more particularly in humans, i.e. it is not toxic to the host or patient. In addition a carrier of choice will not interfere with the effectiveness of the biological activity of the active ingredient.
  • carrier refers to any auxiliary material necessary for the particular mode of administration of choice and includes e.g.
  • solvents solvents (diluents) excipients, or other additives with which the compound of the invention is administered.
  • diluents pharmaceutical carriers include sterile liquids, such as aqueous solutions and oils (e.g. of petroleum, animal, vegetable or synthetic origin), e.g. peanut oil, soybean oil, mineral oil, sesame oil and the like.
  • aqueous liquids include water, saline solutions, aqueous dextrose and glycerol solutions and the like.
  • Suitable pharmaceutical excipients include citric acid, ascorbic acid, starch, glucose, lactose, sucrose, gelatine, malt, rice, flour, chalk, silica gel, sodium stearate, glycerol monostearate, talc, sodium chloride, dried skim milk, glycerol, propylene, glycol, water, ethanol and the like.
  • the composition may comprise additives, such as wetting or emulsifying agents, pH buffering agents or binders. Examples of suitable pharmaceutical carriers are well known in the art and are described in e.g. “Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences” by E. W. Martin (18th ed., Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pa. (1990).
  • a pharmaceutical composition of the invention may further comprise at least one additional therapeutic agent.
  • the at least one additional therapeutic agent may be selected from bactericides, antibiotics, antivirals, antiseptics, antineoplastics, anticancer compounds such as chemotherapeutic agents, antifungals, and/or anti-inflammatory agents or other bioactive or therapeutic agents that are suitable for human use, in particular anticancer compounds such as chemotherapeutic agents.
  • An anticancer drug such as a chemotherapeutic agent may include but is not limited to chemotherapeutic agents that comprise specific binding members, proteins, nucleic acids or nucleic acid analogs (such as, but not limited to antisense molecules, ribozymes, and siRNAs), lipids, steroids, large molecules, small molecules, or metals.
  • the one or more anticancer drugs can comprise one or more chemotherapeutic agents, such as but not limited to: nucleic acids, in particular fluorinated nucleic acids (e.g. 5-flurouracil or an analog or prodrug thereof), antifolates (e.g. pemetrexed, raltitrexed, lometrexol), topoisomerase inhibitors (e.g.
  • irinotecan topotecan
  • antimetabolite drugs e.g. methotrexate, gemcitabine, tezacitabine
  • 5-FU modulators alkylating agents (e.g. cyclophosphamide, carmustine), nucleic acid biosynthesis inhibitors (such as mitomycin, anthracyclines (e.g. epirubicin, doxorubicin), platinum derivatives (e.g. cisplatin, oxaliplatin, carboplatin), microtubule disrupting drugs (e.g. paclitaxel, docetaxel, vinolrebine, vincristine), hormone blocking drugs (e.g.
  • tamoxifen inhibitors of kinases, including but not limited to receptor and nonreceptor tyrosine kinases (e.g. Iressa, Tarceva, SU5416, PTK787, Gleevec), proteosome inhibitors (e.g. bortezomib), immune modulators (e.g. levamisole), anti-inflammatory drugs, vascularization inhibitors, cytokines (e.g. interleukins, tumor necrosis factors), and drugs that inhibit the activity of cytokines, hormones, or receptors for cytokines or hormones (e.g. the anti-VEGF antibody bevacizumab or “Avastin”).
  • receptor and nonreceptor tyrosine kinases e.g. Iressa, Tarceva, SU5416, PTK787, Gleevec
  • proteosome inhibitors e.g. bortezomib
  • immune modulators e.g. levami
  • Anticancer drugs may also include monoclonal antibodies, such as but not limited to monoclonal antibodies that bind cytokines, hormones, or hormone receptors (e.g. antibodies that block activation of EGF or VEGF growth factors, such as Avastin, Erbitux, herceptin), etc.
  • monoclonal antibodies such as but not limited to monoclonal antibodies that bind cytokines, hormones, or hormone receptors (e.g. antibodies that block activation of EGF or VEGF growth factors, such as Avastin, Erbitux, herceptin), etc.
  • the compounds of the invention or pharmaceutical compositions thereof may be used for therapy, specifically in cancer chemotherapy, i.e. in a method for treatment of cancer, which comprises administering a therapeutically effective amount of a hemisulfate salt of the invention or pharmaceutical compositions thereof to a subject in need of such treatment.
  • the present invention is further directed to the use of a hemisulfate salt of the invention (or pharmaceutical compositions thereof) in therapy, preferably in chemotherapy, i.e. in the treatment of cancer.
  • cancers to be treated according to the invention include, but are not limited to, breast cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, gall bladder cancer, bile duct cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, head and neck cancer, and mesotheolioma cancer.
  • a suitable pharmaceutical composition of the invention may be adapted for oral, parenteral or rectal administration and, as such, may be in the form of tablets, capsules, oral liquid preparations, powders, lyophilisates, granules, lozenges, reconstitutable powders, injectable or infusable solutions or suspensions or suppositories.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions are in a form suitable for parenteral administration, such as intravenously or intramuscularly, subcutaneously, intra-arterially.
  • fluid unit dosage forms typically comprise a compound of the invention, optionally a further therapeutic agent, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent, to form e.g. water-based solutions or oil-based suspensions (or lyophilisates thereof).
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent e.g. water-based solutions or oil-based suspensions (or lyophilisates thereof).
  • the compound depending on the presence of other therapeutic agents, the carrier, and concentration used, may be either suspended or dissolved in a carrier.
  • the compound may be dissolved for injection and filter sterilized before filling into a suitable vial or ampoule and sealing.
  • adjuvants such as a local an aesthetic, preservatives and buffering agents are dissolved in the vehicle.
  • the obtained solutions may be subjected to lyophilization (i.e.
  • the composition may be frozen after filling into the vial and the water removed under vacuum).
  • the compound is suspended in the vehicle (instead of being dissolved) and preferred sterilization includes exposure to ethylene oxide before suspension in a sterile vehicle (such as a vial or ampoule).
  • a surfactant or wetting agent may be included in the composition to facilitate uniform distribution of the compound.
  • Tablets and capsules for oral administration may be in unit dose form, and may contain conventional excipients, such as binding agents, fillers, tabletting lubricants, disintegrants and acceptable wetting agents.
  • the tablets may be coated according to methods well known in normal pharmaceutical practice.
  • Oral liquid preparations may be in the form of, for example, aqueous or oily suspension, solutions, emulsions, syrups or elixirs, or may be in the form of a dry product for reconstitution with water or other suitable vehicle before use.
  • Such liquid preparations may contain conventional additives such as suspending agents, emulsifying agents, non-aqueous vehicles (which may include edible oils), preservatives, and, if desired, conventional flavorings or colorants.
  • a pharmaceutical composition of the invention comprises a compound of the invention and at least one further therapeutic agent
  • the active agents may be administered as part of the same pharmaceutical composition or the at least one further therapeutic agent may be administered separately, i.e. as a separate (and possibly different) pharmaceutical compositions, optionally via different administration routes, either simultaneously or sequentially.
  • the dose of the active agent(s), i.e. the compound of the invention (and optionally the at least one further therapeutic agent), used in a treatment as described herein, will depend on various factors, including age and health condition of the subject to be treated, type and severity of the disease to be treated, route and frequency of administration, and the like. Those skilled in the art of cancer treatment and chemotherapy would be able to determine therapeutically effective amounts and regimens for the compound of the invention alone or in combination with at least one further therapeutic agent as defined above, based on known protocols for evaluating toxicity and efficacy.
  • terapéuticaally effective amount refers to the amount of active compound that elicits the biological or medicinal response in a tissue, system, animal, individual or human that is being sought by a skilled practitioner (e.g. researcher, veterinarian, medical doctor or other clinician or caregiver), which includes (i) prevention of the disease; and/or (ii) inhibition of the disease (e.g. arresting further development of the pathology and/or symptomatology); and/or (iii) amelioration of the disease (e.g. reversing the pathology and/or symptomatology).
  • treatment refers to (i) prevention of the disease; and/or (ii) inhibition of the disease (e.g. arresting further development of the pathology and/or symptomatology); and/or (iii) amelioration of the disease (e.g. reversing the pathology and/or symptomatology).
  • a pharmaceutical composition of choice may contain from 0.1% to 99 wt %, preferably from 10 to 60 wt %, of the active agent (i.e. the compound of the invention optionally in combination with at least one further therapeutic agent), depending on the method of administration.
  • the active agent i.e. the compound of the invention optionally in combination with at least one further therapeutic agent
  • Typical dosage ranges of the compound of the invention to be used in cancer treatment may range from 10 mg/m 2 to 1 g/m 2 , preferably from 50 mg/m 2 to 500 mg/m 2 (for colorectal cancer treatment) resp. 10 mg/m 2 to 200 mg/m 2 (for Methotrexate therapy), and more preferably from about 100 mg/m 2 to about 250 mg/m 2 (for colorectal cancer treatment) resp. 50 mg/m 2 to 150 mg/m 2 (for Methotrexate therapy).
  • Differential Scanning Calorimetry (Thermal Analysis Q2000): Closed (hermetically sealed) gold crucibles; sample filled under ambient conditions or after 3 minutes of equilibration in an N 2 environment; heating rate of 10 K min-1; ⁇ 50° C. to 254° C. range. When two heating scans were carried out, the sample was rapidly cooled to ⁇ 50° C. between the scans. Listed transition temperatures correspond to peak maxima and minima, not to onset temperatures.
  • FT-Raman Spectroscopy (Bruker RFS 100; with OPUS 6.5 software; offline data analysis carried out with OPUS 7.0 software): Nd:YAG 1064-nm excitation; 300 mW nominal laser power; Ge detector; 64-256 scans; 3500-100 cm ⁇ 1 spectral range used for analysis; 2 cm ⁇ 1 resolution.
  • 1 H-NMR (Bruker DPX300): 1 H-NMR spectra were recorded using a proton frequency of 300.13 MHz, a 30° excitation pulse, and a recycle delay of 1 s. Either 16 or 256 scans were accumulated, and deuterated DMSO was used as the solvent. The solvent peak was used for referencing, and chemical shifts are reported on the TMS scale.
  • 13 C NMR (Bruker AMX 300): The 13 C NMR spectrum was obtained using a Bruker AMX 300 spectrometer equipped with a 5 mm TXO probehead. The hemisulfate was dissolved in 0.1N NaOD. The spectrum was measured at 303 K, with 4000 scans and a digital resolution of 32768 data points. Chemical shifts are given in ppm relative to internal TSP (((3-trimethylsilyl)-2,2′,3,3′-tetradeuteropropionic acid, sodium salt)) standard.
  • Powder X-Ray Diffraction (Bruker D8 Advance): Copper K ⁇ radiation, 40 kV/40 mA, LynxEye detector, Bragg-Brentano reflection geometry, 0.02° 2 ⁇ step size, 37 s step time, 2.5-50° 2 ⁇ range. Powder samples were measured in 0.1-mm or 0.5-mm deep silicon single-crystal sample holders. No special treatment was used in preparing the samples other than the application of slight pressure to get a flat surface. An ambient air atmosphere was used for all measurements, and the samples were rotated during the measurement. Absent any information to the contrary X-Ray Diffraction data is shown as reflection data.
  • Powder X-Ray Diffraction Copper K ⁇ 1 radiation, 40 kV/40 mA, Mythen1K detector, transmission mode, curved Ge monochromator, 0.02° 2 ⁇ step size, 60 s step time, 1.5-50.5° 2 ⁇ scanning range with 1° 2 ⁇ detector step in step-scan mode.
  • the samples (10-20 mg of powder) were measured between two acetate foils. No special treatment was used in preparing the samples. An ambient air atmosphere was used for all measurements, and each sample was rotated during the measurement.
  • TG-FTIR Netzsch Thermo-Microbalance TG 209 with Bruker FT-IR Spectrometer IFS 28
  • A1 crucible with microhole
  • N 2 atmosphere
  • 10 K min ⁇ 1 heating rate 25° C. to 300° C. range.
  • IR FT-IR Paragon 1000: The infrared spectrum was recorded in 100 scans on a Perkin Elmer Fourier Transform Infrared System from a hemisulfate sample pressed in a bromide disk.
  • step (b) Upon completion of the addition the solution was stirred at 0° C. (ice bath) for 1 hour. Active charcoal (0.2 g, Norit C Extra) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes at 0° C. and then cold filtered over a suction filter to obtain a clear solution, which was used in step (b) without further purification.
  • lyophilisates were stored in air at 25° C. and at 60% relative humidity.
  • the content of (6R)-5,10-CH 2 -THF hemisulfate salt remaining was measured by HPLC at periodic intervals and is given by comparison with the initial value (% rel.). The results are shown in Table 12.
  • Table 11 and Table 12 clearly show that (6R)-5,10-CH 2 -THF hemisulfate is highly stable over a long period of time even at room temperature as a pure compound as well as in form of a pharmaceutical composition such as a lyophilisate.
  • (6R)-5,10-CH 2 -THF sulfate salt was prepared according to literature procedures (EP 0 537 492 B1) and stored for 15 month at ⁇ 20° C. Subsequently, samples of the product were stored at 5° C. resp. at 25° C. and 60% relative humidity resp. at 40° C. and 75% relative humidity. The content of (6R)-5,10-CH 2 -THF sulfate salt remaining in the sample was measured by HPLC at periodic intervals. The content of (6R)-5,10-CH 2 -THF sulfate was compared to the initial value at the time of preparation (% rel.). The results are shown in Tables 13 and 14.
  • (6R)-5,10-CH 2 -THF hemisulfate is much more stable over a long period of time than (6R)-5,10-CH 2 -THF sulfate.
  • (6R)-5,10-CH 2 -THF sulfate salt was prepared according to literature procedures (EP 0 537 492 B1) and stored for 15 month at ⁇ 20° C. Subsequently, samples of the product were stored at 5° C. resp. at 25° C. and 60% relative humidity resp. at 40° C. and 75% relative humidity. The content of 10-formyltetrahydrofolic acid, a major degradation product, was measured by HPLC at periodic intervals and disclosed as absolute values (% w/w). The results are shown in Tables 15 to 16.
  • the concentrations of methylenetetrahydrofolate and tetrahydrofolate in both tumor and adjacent mucosa were also much higher after administration of (6R)-5,10-CH 2 -THF hemisulfate than those obtained after administration of Levoleucovorin.

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WO2023237480A1 (en) 2022-06-08 2023-12-14 Merck Patent Gmbh Stable pharmaceutical compositions comprising 5,10-methylene-(6r)-tetrahydrofolic acid and nacl
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US10059710B2 (en) 2016-02-17 2018-08-28 Merck & Cie Stable formulations of 5,10-methylene-(6R)-tetrahydrofolic acid
US10336758B2 (en) 2016-02-17 2019-07-02 Merck & Cie Stable formulations of 5,10-methylene-(6R)-tetrahydrofolic acid
US10570134B2 (en) 2016-02-17 2020-02-25 Merck & Cie Stable formulations of 5,10-methylene-(6R)-tetrahydrofolic acid
US11306094B2 (en) 2016-02-17 2022-04-19 Merck & Cie Stable formulations of 5,10-methylene-(6R)-tetrahydrofolic acid
US12103930B2 (en) 2016-02-17 2024-10-01 Merck & Cie Stable formulations of 5,10-methylene-(6R)-tetrahydrofolic acid

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