US20150183499A1 - Concealment method and apparatus and naval vessel provided with at least such an apparatus - Google Patents

Concealment method and apparatus and naval vessel provided with at least such an apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US20150183499A1
US20150183499A1 US14/414,758 US201314414758A US2015183499A1 US 20150183499 A1 US20150183499 A1 US 20150183499A1 US 201314414758 A US201314414758 A US 201314414758A US 2015183499 A1 US2015183499 A1 US 2015183499A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
smoke
flow
vessel
conduit
hull
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Abandoned
Application number
US14/414,758
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English (en)
Inventor
Christophe Tardif
Yohann Bonnet
Antoine Delaunay
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Safran Power Units SAS
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Microturbo SA
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Filing date
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Application filed by Microturbo SA filed Critical Microturbo SA
Assigned to MICROTURBO SA reassignment MICROTURBO SA ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: DELAUNAY, ANTOINE, BONNET, Yohann, TARDIF, Christophe
Publication of US20150183499A1 publication Critical patent/US20150183499A1/en
Assigned to SAFRAN POWER UNITS reassignment SAFRAN POWER UNITS CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MICROTURBO
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
    • B63G13/00—Other offensive or defensive arrangements on vessels; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63G13/02—Camouflage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
    • B63G13/00—Other offensive or defensive arrangements on vessels; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63G13/02—Camouflage
    • B63G2013/025—Camouflage using means for reducing radiation emission of electromagnetic waves, e.g. infrared, into air or water

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and to an apparatus for concealing a naval vessel such as a ship, a pleasure boat or a watercraft, as well as to a naval vessel equipped with at least one such apparatus.
  • the context of the invention is the protection of a naval vessel, at rest or in movement, and its surroundings by a cloud for concealing the vessel at least in the visible radiation range. This concealment aims to prevent any act of aggression or boarding of this vessel.
  • the field concerns the production of an opaque environment formed in general from particles, for example liquid particles, in suspension in the air in order to form a cloud, or, for example, solid particles also in suspension in the air in order to generate smoke.
  • pyrotechnics provide smoke that cannot conceal a vessel satisfactorily (dimensions, duration, efficacy) and which gives rise to high cost as well as a degree of not insignificant level of risk in handling.
  • the invention aims to dispense with these drawbacks by proposing the production of an effective, long-lasting concealment which covers all or the main part of vessels and their surroundings and crew.
  • the aim is also to disorientate and disturb any aggressors in order to dissuade them from any attempt at boarding.
  • the invention makes provision for coupling an airflow with an injection of fluid able to cause the formation of a cloud and to orient this cloud in order to optimise coverage of the vessel to be protected over time and in space.
  • the present invention relates to a method for concealing a naval vessel, preferably in movement, comprising at least one deck and a hull.
  • the method consists in integrating in the vessel at least one smoke generator, this integration being able to be achieved on the deck and/or in the vessel, in particular substantially at or above the waterline, injecting a fluid at the output of the smoke generator and guiding the gas flow thus loaded with fluid in suspension, referred to as the flow of smoke, to at least one outlet formed in the hull of the vessel, so as to direct said flow, for example, towards the rear or towards to the front of the vessel, preferably from a position substantially at or above the waterline of the vessel.
  • the smoke generator or generators can be integrated at any point on the vessel such as for example at the bow, amidships or at the stern of the vessel.
  • an injection of coloured, powdery, odorous and/or smoke-generating additives is also effected at the gas outlet or downstream of the gas outlet;
  • an injection of graphite powder is also effected at the outlet of the smoke generator so as to cause concealment in the infrared radiation range;
  • the guidance of the flow is broadened at the outlet of the smoke generator in order to substantially reduce the speed of the smoke
  • the guidance of the flow of smoke is configured so that the guidance outlet out of the hull is implemented between the middle and the front of the naval vessel and at or above the flotation line;
  • the guidance is of adaptable orientation, at the outlet from the hull of the naval vessel, by orientation in a reference plane parallel to the deck or decks of the vessel and/or in a plane perpendicular to the reference plane, in order to orient the flow of smoke discharged at the waterline according to the movement of the vessel and the sailing conditions so that the flow of smoke discharged is directed between the deck or decks and the waterline;
  • the guidance is of variable length so that the guidance is suited to the dimensions of the hull of the vessel;
  • the flow of smoke is cooled and made denser by humidification before leaving the hull of the vessel in order to cause vaporisation at the discharge and to keep the smoke placed over the stretch of water that surrounds the vessel;
  • the flow of smoke is regulated so that its discharge speed is almost zero.
  • the invention also relates to an apparatus for concealing a naval vessel, intended to implement the method.
  • This apparatus comprises a gas turbine composed of a gas generator and a gas exhaust pipe connected to a reservoir of fuel.
  • the exhaust pipe is equipped with at least one fluid injector connected to at least one reservoir, for injecting this fluid, in particular oil, into the exhaust gases of the gas turbine and to form a flow of gas with fluid in suspension (F 3 ), referred to as a flow of smoke, and is coupled to at least one conduit for guiding the flow of smoke.
  • F 3 fluid in suspension
  • the or each conduit comprises at least one frustoconical divergent portion, connected to the pipe in order to substantially reduce the speed of the flow of smoke;
  • the or each conduit or branch is equipped with an orientable grille in a region of a conduit end, the grille being able to direct and/or mix the flow of smoke that passes through the conduit or branch;
  • an external flow injector in the flow of gas is arranged in an end region of the or each conduit or branch in order to cool and make denser the flow of smoke, the external fluid being in particular sea water, at a temperature substantially less than that of the flow of gas in said region;
  • the or each conduit or branch is equipped at the end with a nozzle that can be oriented in at least one plane, for example in any direction, in order to direct the flow of smoke at the outlet of the conduit or branch, so that the concealment is as effective as possible according to the conditions (meteorological, movement, attack, etc.) imposed on the vessel;
  • the or each conduit comprises a portion fitted in the conduit or branch, with telescopic adjustment means in order to vary and adapt the length of the or each conduit or branch;
  • the or each conduit is sized and configured so as to adjust the pressure drops in the flow below a given ceiling, in order to avoid overpressure at the turbine;
  • the or each conduit can comprise means for regularising the flow of gas (frustoconical divergent exit cones, valves, shutters, etc.) in order to reduce the speed of the flow of gas and to make it tend towards an almost zero value at the discharge from the conduit;
  • an opening flap is arranged at the end of the conduit and controlled so that said flap opens at the start-up of the gas turbine, this flap preventing sea water from entering the conduit as far as the gas turbine and preventing problems of corrosion, watertightness, etc.;
  • the gas generator, the pipe and the reservoirs are integrated in a protective chamber, the reservoirs preferably being separated from the gas generator and the pipe by at least one protective partition;
  • the apparatus comprises at least one additive injector arranged so as to effect an injection of coloured, powdery, odorous and/or smoke-generating additives at the gas outlet or downstream of the gas outlet.
  • the invention also relates to a naval vessel equipped with at least one deck, a hull and at least one such apparatus.
  • the apparatus or apparatuses can be arranged on a deck or in a hold, at any place in the vessel.
  • the lengths of the conduits and branches are then determined so as to emerge out of the hull of the vessel through preformed openings.
  • the apparatus is arranged at the front of the vessel centrally, and comprises a conduit with two branches having a common end for coupling to the pipe of the gas turbine and ends emerging on each of the half hulls.
  • the conduit may be arranged downstream or upstream of the gas turbine, preferably with branches roughly oriented towards the rear of the vessel in both cases.
  • each apparatus may be arranged laterally close to a half hull and comprise only one conduit with an end that emerges out of the half hull.
  • the or each apparatus may be integrated in a chamber when this apparatus is installed on the deck of the vessel, in order to protect the apparatus from waves and spray and to facilitate traffic on the deck.
  • conduit or conduits of the apparatuses are arranged so that the flow of smoke emerges at the front of the vessel, for example as close as possible to the waterline.
  • the conduit or conduits of the apparatuses comprise at least one horizontal portion and/or one vertical portion.
  • the means for orienting the end nozzle of the or each conduit may make it possible to adjust the outlet angle of the flow of smoke, for example according to the movement of the vessel and the sailing conditions so that the smoke discharged is directed for example between the deck or decks and the waterline, in a given direction.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram of an auxiliary engine such as for example a gas turbine of a concealment apparatus according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a partial side view of a ship equipped with a concealing apparatus in a chamber installed on the deck of this vessel;
  • FIG. 3 is a side view of a short ship equipped with a concealing apparatus in a forward hold of the ship;
  • FIGS. 4 a and 4 b are partial top views of the ship according to FIG. 3 with a double conduit of the concealment apparatus installed in a forward hold of the vessel, upstream and downstream of the gas turbine, respectively;
  • FIG. 5 is an enlarged partial view of the apparatus according to FIG. 4 detailing the structure elements at the end of a branch of the double conduit;
  • FIGS. 6 a and 6 b are a side view and a top view of a long tanker equipped with four concealment apparatuses according to the invention.
  • upstream and downstream relate to relative locations of elements of the naval vessels in the direction of standard sailing of these vessels.
  • the front of such a vessel is upstream and corresponds to the bow, whereas the rear is downstream and corresponds to the stern of the vessel.
  • horizontal means parallel to the deck or decks of the vessel and “vertical” means perpendicular to this deck or these decks.
  • an engine of the gas turbine type such as for example an engine of the GPU (ground power unit) type, is modified in order to serve as a “smoke turbine” in the concealment apparatus 10 according to the invention.
  • a GPU is a fixed or movable gas turbine for starting the main engines and generating non-propulsive power (pneumatic, electrical or hydraulic power) of a vehicle or aircraft.
  • the GPU 1 is composed mainly of a gas generator 2 and a gas exhaust pipe 3 connected to a fuel reservoir 41 and at least one reservoir 42 for fluid, oil H 1 in the example, which is able to remain in the exhaust gases in the form of suspended droplets.
  • the gas generator 2 comprises: an air compressor 21 —the air (arrows F 1 ) entering, axially or radially, through a sleeve 5 ; a combustion chamber 22 for a mixture of air and fuel, the fuel coming from the reservoir 41 being introduced into the chamber 22 through fuel injectors 23 ; as well as a turbine 24 for expansion of the burnt gases and driving of the compressor 21 via a shaft 25 .
  • the burnt gases (arrows F 2 ) are ejected through the pipe 3 .
  • These components are generally enclosed in a casing 6 open at the inlet 5 a of the sleeve 5 and at the outlet 3 s of the pipe 3 , which is at the same time the outlet for the GPU 1 .
  • the GPU 1 is modified by adding, at the outlet of the exhaust pipe 3 , an annular ring 7 coupled to the casing 6 and equipped with fluid injectors 71 , for example, for oil, coming from the reservoir 42 .
  • This injection of fluid is propelled by a pump 72 and atomised by the injector 71 in the hot fast-moving exhaust gases emerging through the pipe 3 .
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate the installation, on the deck and in the bottom of a hold of a ship, of such apparatuses, which comprise conduits, smoke turbines 1 and reservoirs 41 , 42 .
  • coloured, powdery, odorous and/or smoke-generating additives may also be injected through the injectors 71 or any other injection manifold, in order to create or reinforce the surprise and dissuasive effect of the flow of smoke. It is also advantageous to inject graphite powder, which affords concealment in the infrared radiation range. Alternatively, it is necessary to refrain from injecting graphite powder if the aim is to be able to direct the ship using infrared binoculars through the flow of smoke after it has formed around the ship.
  • FIG. 2 is a partial side view of a ship 100 equipped with a concealment apparatus 10 according to the invention comprising a smoke turbine 1 , for example the GPU described with reference to FIG. 1 , the reservoirs 41 and 42 , and the conduit 11 .
  • the smoke turbine 1 and the reservoirs 41 and 42 are arranged in a protective chamber 8 installed on the deck 10 P of this ship 100 .
  • the conduit 11 comprises a frustoconical divergent portion 12 —referred to as a “divergent exit cone”—connected to the pipe 3 at the discharge from the smoke turbine 1 .
  • This divergent exit cone 12 substantially reduces the speed of the gas flow F 3 so that, at the end of the outlet 14 of the conduit 11 through an orifice 13 formed in the hull 101 of the vessel 100 , this speed is almost zero.
  • the conduit 11 has elbows C 1 to C 3 , a horizontal portion P 1 and a vertical portion P 2 .
  • the horizontal portion P 1 makes it possible to move the outlet 14 of the conduit 11 towards the front AV of the ship 100 , and the vertical portion P 2 emerges at the outlet 14 close to the waterline LF of the ship 100 . It is in fact sought to have an outlet 14 upstream—in order to enable the smoke to cover the whole of the ship 100 because of the relative speed of the ship—and close to the waterline LF since the smoke remains “attached” to the stretch of water and then rises over time. The outlet 14 remains above this waterline LF in order to prevent the entrance of waves or spray.
  • the conduit 11 is sized and configured so that the number of elbows, here three elbows C 1 to C 3 , is reduced to a minimum in order the minimise the pressure drops in the flow of smoke F 3 below a ceiling, determined in advance for the purpose of avoiding overpressures at the smoke turbine 1 .
  • a flap 16 for opening/closing the outlet 14 of the conduit 11 on the hull 103 is arranged at the end of the conduit.
  • This flap 16 is controlled from the control centre (not shown) of the ship 100 so that said outlet 14 opens when the smoke turbine 1 starts up. It would in fact be detrimental to allow waves and spray to enter the conduit 11 via this open outlet 14 when the concealment apparatus is not operating. Problems of corrosion, watertightness or the like, caused by the presence of sea water, are thus avoided.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 a illustrate, in side and (partial) top views of a short ship 102 , another example of installation in a forward hold 31 of the smoke turbine 1 already described.
  • a ship is said to be “short” when, for example, it does not exceed 50 m in length.
  • the concealment apparatus 10 ′ comprises, in this case, the smoke turbine 1 already described, and a conduit 11 ′ with two branches 11 ′ a and 11 ′ b having a common portion connected at the outlet of the smoke turbine 1 .
  • the conduit 11 ′ is installed downstream of the smoke turbine 1 .
  • the two conduit branches 11 ′ a and 11 ′ b emerge on each lateral half-hull 103 a and 103 b of the hull 103 .
  • the branches 11 ′ a and 11 ′ b are symmetrical with respect to a vertical symmetry plane Pv of the ship 102 and, through their curvature, have roughly a direction oriented (arrow F 4 ) towards the rear AR of the ship 102 . In this way, the flow of smoke F 3 is also oriented mainly towards the rear AR of the ship 102 .
  • FIG. 4 a the partial side view of FIG. 4 b shows a conduit 11 ′′ of the same type as in FIG. 4 a but connected upstream of the smoke turbine 1 .
  • the symmetrical branches 11 ′′ a and 11 ′′ b are also oriented towards the rear AR of the vessel 102 so that the flow of smoke F 3 is set up along the vessel, from upstream to downstream.
  • FIG. 5 details the structure elements in the end region 15 of the branch 11 ′ a of the conduit 11 ′ improving the directivity and quality of concealment of the flow of smoke at the outlet of the branches 11 ′ a and 11 ′ b .
  • the partial view in FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the apparatus according to FIG. 4 a .
  • the GPU 1 is connected to a ring 7 which is equipped with fluid injectors 71 and itself connected to the conduit 11 ′.
  • each branch 11 a and 11 b (only the end of the branch 11 a is visible in FIG. 5 ) is equipped with an orientable grille 17 g with shutters 17 c .
  • the shutters 17 c of the grille 17 g have a set of rotation spindles 17 a controlled remotely at the control centre (not shown).
  • the grille 17 g is more precisely installed in this example at the outlet end 14 of the branch 11 ′ a .
  • the flow of smoke F 3 is thus finely oriented in the horizontal plane of FIG. 5 .
  • water injectors 18 are arranged in said region 15 , upstream of the grille 17 g .
  • Water, sea water in the example, at low temperature (10 to 20° C.) substantially below the temperature of the flow of smoke (above 40° C.) is thus injected via these injectors 18 .
  • This injection cools the flow of smoke F 3 and makes it denser in order to make it heavier and “attach” it to the stretch of water that surrounds the ship 102 .
  • the flow of smoke F 3 then detaches from the stretch of water and conceals the whole of the ship 102 .
  • each branch 11 ′ a is advantageously equipped, at the outlet end 14 , with a nozzle 19 that can be oriented in the horizontal plane of the figure and in a vertical plane perpendicular to the horizontal plane.
  • twin-axis articulation means 19 a are integrated in the nozzle 19 , close to the end 19 e thereof. The flow of smoke is thus oriented in order to be able to attach to the stretch of water that surrounds the ship 102 .
  • the nozzle 19 fits telescopically in the branch of the conduit 11 a . The fitting is adjusted by rack-type adjustment means 19 c , also controlled from the control centre. It is thus possible to vary and adapt the length of the branch 11 ′ a (and, in a similar manner, the branch 11 b ).
  • FIGS. 6 a and 6 b are schematic side and top views of a long tanker 104 (for example with a length greater than 300 m) equipped with four concealment apparatuses installed at the bottom of a forward hold 32 and a hold at the middle 33 of the tanker 104 .
  • Two apparatuses 10 ′′ a are installed close to the lateral half-hull 105 a of the hull 105 of the ship 104 and two apparatuses 10 ′′ b are installed close to the half-hull 105 b of the hull 105 .
  • the apparatuses 10 ′′ a and 10 ′′ b are arranged substantially at the middle MI and towards the front AV of the ship 105 .
  • the apparatuses 10 ′′ a and 10 ′′ b are composed of smoke turbines 1 , such as those described previously, connected to conduits 11 ′′ a and 11 ′′ b , corresponding respectively to the branch 11 ′ a and to the branch 11 ′ b described above with reference to FIG. 4 a or FIG. 5 .
  • the lengths of the conduits 11 ′′ a and 11 ′′ b are determined so that they can emerge out of the hull 105 of the ship through preformed orifices 13 .
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiments described and depicted. Thus it is possible to add means for regularising the flow of smoke: valves, shutters, etc.
  • the fluid added to the exhaust gas to serve as a load in suspension and to form the smoke may be any liquid of organic or aqueous nature, suited to the production of such a suspensive effect.
  • means other than gas turbine compressors may be used as a smoke generator, for example fans of suitable size and output.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
US14/414,758 2012-07-18 2013-07-17 Concealment method and apparatus and naval vessel provided with at least such an apparatus Abandoned US20150183499A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1256931A FR2993532B1 (fr) 2012-07-18 2012-07-18 Procede et installation de masquage ainsi que batiment naval equipe d'au moins une telle installation
FR1256931 2012-07-18
PCT/FR2013/051714 WO2014013192A1 (fr) 2012-07-18 2013-07-17 Procédé et installation de masquage ainsi que bâtiment naval équipé d'au moins une telle installation

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20150183499A1 true US20150183499A1 (en) 2015-07-02

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US14/414,758 Abandoned US20150183499A1 (en) 2012-07-18 2013-07-17 Concealment method and apparatus and naval vessel provided with at least such an apparatus

Country Status (10)

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US (1) US20150183499A1 (pl)
EP (1) EP2874870B1 (pl)
JP (1) JP6505598B2 (pl)
CN (1) CN104661913B (pl)
BR (1) BR112015000852B1 (pl)
CA (1) CA2878840C (pl)
FR (1) FR2993532B1 (pl)
PL (1) PL2874870T3 (pl)
RU (1) RU2616489C2 (pl)
WO (1) WO2014013192A1 (pl)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114607473A (zh) * 2020-12-07 2022-06-10 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 烟气轮机的密封结构和烟气轮机

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106275335A (zh) * 2015-06-09 2017-01-04 王常智 隐形舰船装置

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US4459219A (en) * 1979-10-10 1984-07-10 Teledyne Industries, Inc. Black smoke generator and method of use thereof
USH1124H (en) * 1991-09-20 1993-01-05 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Particle smoke generator and method
US5337671A (en) * 1991-01-21 1994-08-16 Raufoss As Arrangement in a smoke shell
US6010379A (en) * 1997-06-06 2000-01-04 Blohm + Voss Gmbh Exhaust gas system for ocean-going vessels, preferably for military purposes

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US4459219A (en) * 1979-10-10 1984-07-10 Teledyne Industries, Inc. Black smoke generator and method of use thereof
US5337671A (en) * 1991-01-21 1994-08-16 Raufoss As Arrangement in a smoke shell
USH1124H (en) * 1991-09-20 1993-01-05 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Particle smoke generator and method
US6010379A (en) * 1997-06-06 2000-01-04 Blohm + Voss Gmbh Exhaust gas system for ocean-going vessels, preferably for military purposes

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114607473A (zh) * 2020-12-07 2022-06-10 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 烟气轮机的密封结构和烟气轮机

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CN104661913A (zh) 2015-05-27
EP2874870A1 (fr) 2015-05-27
BR112015000852B1 (pt) 2021-11-09
CA2878840A1 (fr) 2014-01-23
WO2014013192A1 (fr) 2014-01-23
FR2993532B1 (fr) 2015-08-07
CN104661913B (zh) 2018-12-21
RU2015102841A (ru) 2016-09-10
CA2878840C (fr) 2020-04-21
BR112015000852A2 (pt) 2017-06-27
FR2993532A1 (fr) 2014-01-24
EP2874870B1 (fr) 2016-12-28
PL2874870T3 (pl) 2017-08-31
JP2015526336A (ja) 2015-09-10
RU2616489C2 (ru) 2017-04-17
JP6505598B2 (ja) 2019-04-24

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