US20140335329A1 - Near Infrared Reflecting Composition and Coverings for Architectural Openings Incorporating Same - Google Patents

Near Infrared Reflecting Composition and Coverings for Architectural Openings Incorporating Same Download PDF

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Publication number
US20140335329A1
US20140335329A1 US13/991,293 US201113991293A US2014335329A1 US 20140335329 A1 US20140335329 A1 US 20140335329A1 US 201113991293 A US201113991293 A US 201113991293A US 2014335329 A1 US2014335329 A1 US 2014335329A1
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Prior art keywords
composition
pigment
covering
coating
resin
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US13/991,293
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English (en)
Inventor
Nilmini K. Abayasinghe
Philippe E. Paugois
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3G Mermet Corp
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3G Mermet Corp
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Priority to US13/991,293 priority Critical patent/US20140335329A1/en
Publication of US20140335329A1 publication Critical patent/US20140335329A1/en
Assigned to 3G MERMET CORPORATION reassignment 3G MERMET CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ABAYASINGHE, NILMINI K., PAUGOIS, PHILIPPE E.
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    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47HFURNISHINGS FOR WINDOWS OR DOORS
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    • A47H23/02Shapes of curtains; Selection of particular materials for curtains
    • A47H23/08Selection of particular materials
    • A47H23/10Selection of particular materials the material being plastics or the like
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    • B32B15/14Layered products comprising a layer of metal next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
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    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
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    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09DCOATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D127/00Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09D127/02Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C09D127/04Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing chlorine atoms
    • C09D127/06Homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl chloride
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09DCOATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09DCOATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/004Reflecting paints; Signal paints
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    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F1/00General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06PDYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P1/00General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
    • D06P1/44General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06PDYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P1/00General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
    • D06P1/44General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
    • D06P1/52General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders using compositions containing synthetic macromolecular substances
    • D06P1/5207Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06P1/5214Polymers of unsaturated compounds containing no COOH groups or functional derivatives thereof
    • D06P1/5235Polyalkenyl halides, e.g. PVC
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04FFINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F10/00Sunshades, e.g. Florentine blinds or jalousies; Outside screens; Awnings or baldachins
    • E04F10/02Sunshades, e.g. Florentine blinds or jalousies; Outside screens; Awnings or baldachins of flexible canopy materials, e.g. canvas ; Baldachins
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06BFIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B9/00Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
    • E06B9/24Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0253Polyolefin fibres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0276Polyester fibres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/06Vegetal fibres
    • B32B2262/062Cellulose fibres, e.g. cotton
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/101Glass fibres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/14Mixture of at least two fibres made of different materials
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2419/00Buildings or parts thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2327/00Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2327/02Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08J2327/04Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing chlorine atoms
    • C08J2327/06Homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl chloride
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2467/00Characterised by the use of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2467/02Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/01Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients characterized by their specific function
    • C08K3/013Fillers, pigments or reinforcing additives
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/0008Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
    • C08K5/0041Optical brightening agents, organic pigments
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F1/00General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
    • D01F1/02Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
    • D01F1/04Pigments
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06NWALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N2201/00Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads or yarns
    • D06N2201/08Inorganic fibres
    • D06N2201/082Glass fibres
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10BINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2401/00Physical properties
    • D10B2401/22Physical properties protective against sunlight or UV radiation
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24942Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/20Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
    • Y10T442/2041Two or more non-extruded coatings or impregnations
    • Y10T442/2123At least one coating or impregnation contains particulate material
    • Y10T442/2131At least one coating or impregnation functions to fix pigments or particles on the surface of a coating or impregnation
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/20Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
    • Y10T442/259Coating or impregnation provides protection from radiation [e.g., U.V., visible light, I.R., micscheme-change-itemave, high energy particle, etc.] or heat retention thru radiation absorption
    • Y10T442/2598Radiation reflective

Definitions

  • coverings for placement in architectural openings such as windows, doors, archways, and the like.
  • Such coverings include window blinds and shades.
  • Window shades often include a textile woven with polymer-coated yarns that provide strength, flexibility, and abrasion resistance.
  • the core yarns are generally formed of polyester, glass, polyolefin, and the like.
  • the polymer coatings of the yarns can include a polymer resin such as poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), polyolefins, polyesters, and so forth.
  • Coatings have also been formulated to include a variety of additives including pigments, flame-retardant materials, and UV light absorbers.
  • White pigments such as titanium dioxide-based pigments
  • NIR near infrared
  • an article formed with titanium dioxide-based pigment can reflect more than 70% of the near infrared (NIR) radiation.
  • NIR near infrared
  • Infrared (IR) reflective pigments and IR transparent pigments have been known for some time (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,174,360, 6,521,038, and 7,416,601, which are incorporated herein by reference). These materials have been suggested for use in military applications, in roofing, and in inks. Unfortunately, these materials present processing and use difficulties in other applications. For instance, IR reflective inorganic pigments are highly abrasive, and as such they have not been utilized as coloring agents for yarns/textiles. In addition, the pigment add-on level necessary to form desired dark colors often makes the composition too highly viscous for processing conditions necessary to coat certain substrates.
  • a black pigment in order to obtain a black coating, a black pigment will often be added to a pigment composition at a concentration of about 20 parts per hundred parts resin (phr), with the resulting formulation having a viscosity of about 10,000 cP, making certain processing methods (e.g., fiber coating methods) impractical if not impossible.
  • compositions that can be used to form materials in non-white, deeper tones for covering architectural openings. More specifically, a need exists for non-white compositions and products such as window coverings that exhibit good solar management properties.
  • a composition for coating a component of an architectural opening e.g., for coating fibers used to form a window covering.
  • a composition can include a polymeric resin and a non-white pigment. More specifically, the pigment can be an IR reflective pigment or an IR transparent pigment.
  • the composition can have a viscosity of less than about 5000 cP as measured with a Brookfield RTV at 20 rpm.
  • the composition can be used to form non-white IR reflective coverings.
  • the cured composition can have a CIELAB L* value of less than about 90 measured at an observation angle of 25°.
  • coverings for architectural openings that incorporate the cured compositions.
  • a covering incorporating the above cured composition can reflect more than about 15% of impinging solar radiation between about 700 and about 2500 nm.
  • a covering can be a window covering such as a window shade, a window blind, a curtain, an awning, an awning shade, or the like.
  • a method can include mixing a polymer resin with a non-white pigment to form a composition, the pigment being an IR reflective pigment or an IR transparent pigment.
  • the method can also include adjusting the viscosity of the composition such that the composition has a viscosity of less than about 5000 cP as measured with a Brookfield RTV at 20 rpm, coating a substrate with the composition, and curing the composition.
  • a composition can coat a yarn, and the coated yarn can then be utilized in forming a woven or nonwoven textile for use in forming a window covering, e.g., a window shade.
  • a method can include coating a substrate with multiple layers, at least one of which is a composition that includes one or more IR reflective or IR transparent pigments or combinations thereof.
  • a first layer can be a highly reflective IR layer.
  • the first layer can include white pigment.
  • the first layer can be more IR reflective than the second layer. Both the first and the second layer or alternatively only the second layer can include one or more non-white IR reflective and or transparent pigments.
  • FIG. 1 graphically illustrates the total solar reflection of three different fabrics all formed with black yarns in both the warp and weft, one of which includes NIR reflective yarns as described herein in the warp, one of which includes NIR reflective yarns as described herein in both the warp and weft, and one of which includes traditional yarns made including carbon black pigments as described herein in both the warp and weft.
  • FIG. 2 graphically illustrates the total solar reflection of three different fabrics formed with black yarns in the warp and dark brown yarns in the weft, one of which includes NIR reflective yarns as described herein in the warp, one of which includes NIR reflective yarns as described herein in both the warp and weft, and one of which includes traditional yarns as described herein in both the warp and weft.
  • FIG. 3 graphically illustrates the total solar reflection of three different fabrics formed with black yarns in the warp and gray yarns in the weft, one of which includes NIR reflective yarns as described herein in the warp, one of which includes NIR reflective yarns as described herein in both the warp and weft, and one of which includes traditional yarns as described herein in both the warp and weft.
  • FIG. 4 includes IR images of several different fabrics, including fabrics formed of fibers coated with a composition as disclosed herein.
  • compositions that can be used in forming products with increased NIR reflective capability.
  • disclosed compositions can include IR reflective and/or IR transmissive non-white pigments.
  • the compositions can be formed with suitable viscosity so as to successfully coat substrates suitable for use in forming coverings for architectural openings.
  • a composition can coat fibers or yarns that can be used in forming IR reflective non-white woven window coverings.
  • a fabric including a coated yarn can exhibit greatly increased reflectivity across the NIR and IR spectra as compared to a similar fabric utilizing traditional non-white pigments in the yarn coating.
  • textile substrates coated with a composition that includes inorganic IR reflective pigments are also disclosed.
  • a composition that includes inorganic IR reflective pigments have been considered unsuitable for textile substrates such as yarns due to the abrasive nature of the pigments.
  • a coating composition can include a polymeric resin that can be either a thermoset or a thermoplastic resin.
  • a coating composition can include a resin that is a polyvinyl chloride, acrylic, polyester, polyamide, aramid, polyurethane, polyvinyl alcohol, polyolefin, polylactide and the like.
  • a resin polymer can be a homopolymer or a copolymer.
  • a copolymer can be a random or a block copolymer.
  • a polymeric resin can include one or more polymers, for instance two or more polymers in a polymeric blend.
  • thermoset polymer resin When considering a thermoset polymer resin, a composition can also include a crosslinking agent.
  • a thermoset polymer resin can be crosslinked by use of an isocyanate crosslinking agent, an organometallic crosslinking agent, and the like.
  • the composition can include an emulsion formed from a polymer in an aqueous medium.
  • an emulsion can include a high molecular weight resin; typically a polyurethane, acrylic or methacrylic resin can be utilized in forming an emulsion-based coating composition.
  • the polymer of the composition can be polymerized at any point during processing of the composition.
  • a composition can be formed including monomers and/or oligomers, and these substituents can be polymerized during or following formation of the composition.
  • a composition can be utilized to coat a substrate following which the coating can be cured during which polymerization can take place.
  • a composition comprising a mixture of monomers can be applied to the substrate, and polymerization can be initiated following the coating process and in conjunction with the cure. Such an embodiment may be particularly beneficial when considering formation of a thermoset coating.
  • the composition can include a plastisol formed from a vinyl polymer and a plasticizer.
  • a plastisol can include a plasticizer and a high molecular weight resin, typically a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or an acrylic, and can form a flexible, permanently plasticized coating composition.
  • PVC polyvinyl chloride
  • acrylic acrylic
  • polymers encompassed herein include homopolymers and copolymers.
  • a PVC polymer in a coating composition can be a PVC homopolymer or a copolymer.
  • a PVC copolymer can be formed from vinyl chloride monomer and at least one other monomer chosen from the group consisting of methacrylate, acrylonitrile, styrene, phenyleneoxide, acrylic acid, maleic anhydride, vinyl alcohol and vinyl acetate.
  • a plasticizer is generally a compound with low volatility that has the ability to disperse polymeric resin particles of the plastisol.
  • a plasticizer can also facilitate adherence of the polymeric resin to a substrate.
  • Typical plasticizers include, normal and branched chain alcoholic esters and glycol esters of various mono-, di- and tri-basic acids, for example esters of phthalic, adipic, sebacic, azelaic, citric, trimellitic (and anhydride) and phosphoric acids; chlorohydrocarbons; esters of long chain alcohols; liquid polyesters; and epoxidized natural oils, such as linseed and soya oils.
  • phthalate plasticizers include: di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, n-C6-C8-C10 phthalate, n-C7-C9-C11 phthalate, n-octyl-n-decyl phthalate, ditridecyl phthalate, diisonyl phthalate, diisooctyl phthalate, diisodecyl phthalate, butylbenzylphthalate, dihexyl phthalate, butyl ocytyl phthlate, dicapryl phthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl isophthalate, alkyl benzene phthalates, dimethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate, butyl isodecyl phthalate, butyl iso-hexyl phthalate, dinonyl phthalate, diisononyl phthalate, dioc
  • Additional plasticizers include: abietic derivatives, acetic acid derivatives, adipic acid derivatives (e.g., di-2-ethylhexyl adipate, diisononyl adipate, diisodecyl adipate), azelaic acid derivatives (e.g., di-2-ethylhexyl azelate), benzoic acid derivatives, polyphenyl derivatives, citric acid derivatives, epoxy derivatives (e.g., epoxidized soybean oil and epoxidized linseed oil), formal derivatives, fumaric acid derivatives, glutaric acid derivatives, glycol derivatives (e.g., dipropylene glycol dibenzoate), and so forth.
  • abietic derivatives e.g., di-2-ethylhexyl adipate, diisononyl adipate, diisodecyl adipate
  • azelaic acid derivatives
  • the amount of plasticizer included in a composition can depend upon the desired characteristics of the product to be formed. For instance, a higher plasticizer level can lead to a lower cold flex temperature of the composition, with accompanying decrease in strength and hardness.
  • a plasticizer, when included in the composition can be present in an amount between about 30 and about 60 parts per hundred parts of the resin (phr).
  • a composition can also include at least one of an IR reflective pigment and an IR transparent pigment.
  • the IR reflective pigment or IR transparent pigment will exhibit a color, i.e., it will have an absorption peak in the visible spectrum, between about 390 and about 750 nm.
  • the composition will include an IR reflective or IR transparent pigment that is a non-white pigment.
  • the IR reflective pigment or IR transparent pigment can be a black pigment.
  • the composition can also include multiple different pigments. For instance, the composition can also include mixtures of pigments including both non-white and white pigments.
  • composition can include mixtures of IR reflective pigments and/or IR transparent pigments to provide a coating having a desired color and solar control characteristics.
  • a composition can include one or more IR reflective pigment(s) and/or IR transparent pigment(s) that are colorless, in addition to the one or more pigments that have a color. Pigments can likewise be transparent in the visible spectrum or opaque.
  • a coating can include pigments such that a coating formed of the composition can be a non-white coating.
  • a cured coating formed of the composition can have a CIELAB L* value of less than about 90, less than about 70, less than about 50, less than about 30, less than about 20, or less than about 10, measured at an observation angle of 25°.
  • IR reflective pigment generally refers to a pigment that, when included in a composition, provides a cured coating with a reflectance of NIR radiation, i.e., electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength of from about 700 to about 2500 nanometers.
  • NIR radiation i.e., electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength of from about 700 to about 2500 nanometers.
  • a coating formed of a composition including one or more IR reflective pigments can exhibit a solar reflectance that is about 10%, about 15%, or about 20% higher than a similar coating but for the inclusion of the IR reflective pigment.
  • the UV/VIS/IR spectra of the coating and/or a composite including the coating on a substrate can be measured according to ASTM E 903-96.
  • the solar reflectance can in one embodiment be calculated according to ASTM E-891 in the wavelength range of about 250 to about 2500 nanometers.
  • An IR reflective pigment can exhibit less than, the same as or greater reflectivity in the NIR wavelength region than it does in the visible region.
  • the ratio of reflectivity in the NIR region to the reflectivity in the visible region can be greater than 1:1, such as about 2:1, greater than about 3:1, greater than about 10:1, or greater than about 15:1.
  • an IR reflective pigment can be an inorganic oxide pigment.
  • Exemplary IR reflective pigments can include, without limitation, titanium dioxide, zinc sulfide, titanium brown spinel, chromium oxide green, iron oxide red, chrome titanate yellow, and nickel titanate yellow.
  • IR reflective pigments can include metals and metal alloys of aluminum, chromium, cobalt, iron, copper, manganese, nickel, silver, gold, iron, tin, zinc, bronze, brass.
  • Metal alloys can include zinc-copper alloys, zinc-tin alloys, and zinc-aluminum alloys, among others.
  • Some specific examples include nickel antimony titanium, nickel niobium titanium, chrome antimony titanium, chrome niobium, chrome tungsten titanium, chrome iron nickel, chromium iron oxide, chromium oxide, chrome titanate, manganese antimony titanium, manganese ferrite, chromium green-black, cobalt titanates, chromites, or phosphates, cobalt magnesium, and aluminites, iron oxide, iron cobalt ferrite, iron titanium, zinc ferrite, zinc iron chromite, copper chromite, as well as combinations thereof.
  • Commercially available inorganic IR reflective pigments include those sold under the trade names Sicopal®, Meteor®, and Sicotan®, all available from BASF Corporation, Southfield, Mich. Other inorganic IR reflective pigments are available from The Shepherd Color Company of Cincinnati, Ohio and Ferro of Cleveland, Ohio.
  • IR reflective pigments can also be incorporated in disclosed compositions.
  • Solarflair 9870 pigment commercially available from Merck KGaA of Darmstadt, Germany
  • IR reflective pigments can be homogeneous or heterogeneous.
  • an IR reflective pigment can be a composite material including a coating on a core material, for instance a silica core coated with a metal, such as copper, or a titanium dioxide-coated mica particle.
  • Exemplary composite pigments including a coloring pigment adsorbed on the surface of a metallic particle are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,037,475, to Chida, et al., which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • Such colored metallic pigments are commercially available from U.S. Aluminum, Inc., Flemington, N.J., under the trade name FIREFLAKE.
  • IR reflective pigments can include Sicotan® Yellow K 1010, Sicotan® Yellow K 1011/K 1011FG, Sicopal® Yellow K 1120 FG, Sicopal® Yellow K 1160 FG, Sicotan® Yellow K 2001 FG, Sicotan® Yellow K 2011 FG, Sicotan® Yellow NBK 2085, Sicotan® Yellow K 2111 FG, Sicotan® Yellow K 2112 FG, Meteor® Plus Buff 9379, Meteor® Plus Buff 9379 FF, Meteor® Plus Buff 9399 FF, Meteor® Buff 7302, Meteor® Plus Golden 9304, Sicotan® Orange K 2383, Sicotrans® Red K 2819, Sicotrans® Red K 2915, Meteor® Plus Red-Buff 9384, Sicopal® Brown K 2595, Sicotan® Brown K 2611, Sicotan® Brown K 2711, Sicopal® Brown K 2795 FG, Meteor® Plus Brown 9730, Meteor®
  • the shape and size of the IR reflective pigments are not particularly limited.
  • a pigment can be spherical, rod-shaped of amorphous shape, or any other geometric shape.
  • IR reflective pigments define a flat flake shape.
  • a flake-shaped pigment can have a thickness of, e.g., up to about 10 micrometers ( ⁇ m), for instance between about 0.5 ⁇ m and about 10 ⁇ m, or between about 1 ⁇ m and about 5 ⁇ m.
  • a thin flake particle can have a maximum width of between about 10 ⁇ m and about 150 ⁇ m, for instance, between about 20 ⁇ m and about 100 ⁇ m.
  • An individual flat flake can have any shape, e.g., flat surfaces, uneven surfaces, round or jagged edges, and so forth.
  • a composition can include one or more IR reflective pigment(s) in an amount of up to about 50 phr.
  • a composition can include one or more IR reflective pigments in an amount between about 3 phr and about 40 phr or between about 5 phr and about 15 phr.
  • a composition can include one or more IR transparent pigments, in addition to or alternative to one or more IR reflective pigments.
  • IR transparent pigment generally refers to a pigment that is substantially transparent in the near-infrared wavelength region (about 700 to about 2500 nanometers), such as is described in United States Patent Application Publication No. 2004/0191540 to Jakob', et al., which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • An IR transparent pigment can generally have an average transmission of at least about 70% in the NIR spectrum.
  • An IR transparent pigment can be colored or colorless and can be opaque or transparent. In general, however, an IR transparent pigment can absorb in the visible spectrum in at least one wavelength and can provide color to a cured coating formed with the composition. For instance, an IR transparent black pigment can be incorporated in a composition.
  • an IR transparent pigment can exhibit reflectance in the NIR spectrum. This reflectance can vary depending upon the wavelength. For instance, the overall amount of reflectance can increase with increasing wavelength.
  • an IR transparent pigment can reflect about 10% of the incoming radiation at a wavelength of about 750 nm and can reflect about 90% or more of the incoming radiation at a wavelength of about 900 nm.
  • An IR transparent pigment can include, without limitation, a perylene based pigment, a phthalocyanine based pigment, a naphthalocyanine based pigment, and the like.
  • a perylene based pigment refers to a pigment including the general structure:
  • perylene based pigment is intended to include perylene and rylene as well as ions and derivatives thereof that comprise a perylene or rylene core.
  • rylene derivative refers to any compound having a rylene core.
  • rylene derivatives include any molecule comprising a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) moiety and having any number of peripheral substituents in place of any of the peripheral hydrogen atoms of the rylene. When more than one peripheral substituent is present, they may be the same or different.
  • PAH polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
  • perylene pigments include, Lumogen®, Paliogen®, and Heliogen® pigments from BASF Corporation. Additional examples of IR transparent pigments are described in United States Patent Application Publication No. 2009/0098476 to Denton, et al., which is incorporated herein by reference, and include those having a perylene isoindolene structure, an azomethine structure, and/or an aniline structure.
  • a phthalocyanine based pigment refers to a pigment having the general structure:
  • phthalocyanine based pigment is intended to include phthalocyanine as well as ions, metallophthalocyanines, phthalocyanine derivatives and their ions, and metallated phthalocyanine derivatives.
  • phthalocyanine derivative refers to any compound having a phthalocyanine core.
  • phthalocyanine derivatives include any molecule comprising a tetrabenzo[b, g, l, q]-5,10,15,20-tetraazaporphyrin moiety and having any number of peripheral substituents in place of any of the peripheral hydrogen atoms bound to the carbon atoms at the 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 11, 15, 16, 17, 18, 22, 23, 24, or 25 positions of the phthalocyanine moiety.
  • the peripheral substituents may be the same or different.
  • naphthalocyanine compound refers to a pigment having the general structure:
  • naphthalocyanine based pigment is intended to refer to naphalocyanine and its ions, metallonaphthalocyanines, naphthalocyanine derivatives and their ions, and metallated naphthalocyanine derivatives.
  • the term naphthalocyanine derivative refers to any compound having a naphthalocyanine core.
  • naphthalocyanine derivatives include any molecule comprising a tetranaphthalo[b, g, l, q]-5,10,15,20-tetraazaporphyrin moiety and having any number of peripheral substituents in place of any of the peripheral hydrogen atoms bound to the carbon atoms of the naphthalocyanine moiety. When more than one peripheral substituent is present, the peripheral substituents may be the same or different.
  • Phthalocyanine, naphthalocyanine and rylene compounds suitable for use in the invention include any infrared absorbing phthalocyanine, naphthalocyanine or rylene compound.
  • Phthalocyanine and naphthalocyanine compounds may be metallated, for example with monovalent metals including sodium, potassium and lithium; with divalent metals including copper, zinc, iron, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, platinum, manganese, tin, vanadium and calcium; or with trivalent metals, tetravalent metals, or metals of even greater valency.
  • any metallated phthalocyanine or naphthalocyanine compound aside from those containing a divalent metal, will be balanced by a cation or anion of appropriate charge that is often coordinated axially to the metal ion.
  • suitable ions include, without limitation, halogen anions, metal ions, hydroxide anion, oxide anion (O 2 ⁇ ) and alkoxide anions.
  • Phthalocyanine compounds can include, without limitation, aluminum 1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-octabutoxy-29H,31H-phthalocyanine triethylsiloxide; copper(II) 1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-octabutoxy-29H,31H-phthalocyanine; nickel(II) 1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-octabutoxy-29H,31H-phthalocyanine; 1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-octabutoxy-29H,31H-phthalocyanine; zinc 1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-octabutoxy-29H,31H-phthalocyanine; copper(II) 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octakis(octyloxy)-29H,31H-phthalocyanine; 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octakis(oc
  • Naphthalocyanine compounds can include, without limitation, aluminum 5,9,14,18,23,27,32,36-octabutoxy-2,3-naphthalocyanine triethylsiloxide, copper(II) 5,9,14,18,23,27,32,36-octabutoxy-2,3-naphthalocyanine, nickel(II) 5,9,14,18,23,27,32,36-octabutoxy-2,3-naphthalocyanine, 5,9,14,18,23,27,32,36-octabutoxy-2,3-naphthalocyanine, zinc 5,9,14,18,23,27,32,36-octabutoxy-2,3-naphthalocyanine and mixtures thereof.
  • Rylene compounds include, without limitation, those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,405,962; 5,986,099; 6,124,458; 6,486,319; 6,737,159; 6,878,825; and 6,890,377; and U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2004/0049030 and 2004/0068114, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • phthalocyanine naphthalaocyanine
  • rylene IR transparent pigments as may be included in a composition are described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007/0228340 to Hayes, et al., which incorporated herein by reference.
  • ER transparent pigments can include, without limitation, copper phthalocyanine pigment, halogenated copper phthalocyanine pigment, anthraquinone pigment, quinacridone pigment, perylene pigment, monoazo pigment, disazo pigment, quinophthalone pigment, indanthrone pigment, dioxazine pigment, transparent iron oxide brown pigment, transparent iron oxide red pigment, transparent iron oxide yellow pigment, cadmium orange pigment, ultramarine blue pigment, cadmium yellow pigment, chrome yellow pigment, cobalt aluminate blue pigment, cobalt chromite blue pigment, iron titanium brown spinel pigment, manganese antimony titanium buff rutile pigment, zinc iron chromite brown spinel pigment, isoindoline pigment, diarylide yellow pigment, brominated anthranthron pigment and the like.
  • IR transparent pigments as may be incorporated in a composition include Paliotol® Yellow K 0961 HD, Paliotol® Yellow K 1700, Paliotol® Yellow K 1841, Paliotol® Yellow K 2270, Diarylide Yellow (opaque) 1270, Rightfit® Yellow K 1220, Rightfit® Yellow 8G 1222, Rightfit® Yellow R 1226, Rightfit® Yellow K 1994, Rightfit® Yellow 1292, Rightfit® Yellow 1293, Rightfit® Yellow 1296, Rightfit® Yellow 3R 1298, Synergy® Yellow HG 6202, Synergy® Yellow 6204, Synergy® Yellow 6205, Synergy® Yellow 6207, Synergy® Yellow 6210, Synergy® Yellow 6213, Synergy® Yellow 6222, Synergy® Yellow 6223, Synergy® Yellow 6225, Synergy® Yellow 6226, Synergy® Yellow 6233, Synergy® Yellow 6234, Synerg
  • IR transparent pigment particles included in a composition.
  • an IR transparent pigment having an average primary particle size of less than about 200 nm, for instance less than about 100 nm, less than about 50 nanometers or less than about 30 nanometers can be utilized.
  • Such pigment particles have been described in United States Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0187708 to Decker, et al. which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • Such small particle pigments may be useful in forming a coating with low haze.
  • IR transparent pigment particles are not limited to small nanometer-sized particles, however, and in other embodiments, larger IR transparent pigment particles can be utilized.
  • a composition when present, can include one or more IR transparent pigments) in an amount of up to about 50 phr.
  • a composition can include one or more IR transparent pigments in an amount between about 3 phr and about 40 phr or between about 5 phr and about 15 phr.
  • a composition can include additional pigments, in addition to the one or more IR reflective or IR transparent pigments as discussed above.
  • a composition can include an interference pigment.
  • the term interference pigment refers to a pigment having a multi-layer structure including alternating layers of material of different refractive index.
  • examples of interference pigments include, for example, pigments comprising a substrate of mica, SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , zinc, copper, chromium, mirrorized silica, glass that is coated with one or more layers of e.g. titanium dioxide, iron oxide, titanium iron oxide or chrome oxide or combinations thereof, or pigments comprising combinations of metal and metal oxide, such as aluminum coated with layers of iron oxide layers and/or silicon dioxide or mixtures thereof.
  • Interference pigments can also exhibit IR reflective properties.
  • an interference pigment can be included in a composition in an amount up to about 50 phr, for instance up to about 40 phr, or between about 3 and about 15 phr.
  • pigments can also be incorporated in a composition.
  • one or more conventional pigments including, but not limited to, ZnS, carbon black, Fe 2 O 3 red pigment ferric oxides, and compounds of diarylide, isoindolinone, benzimidazolones, azo condensation, quinophthalone, primrose chrome, iron oxides, molybdates, quinacridones, and diketo-pyrrolo-pyrrols, and the like can be included in a composition, in addition to one or more IR reflective or IR transparent pigments.
  • the total amount of pigments in a composition can vary, depending upon the final application.
  • the total loading level for all pigments in a coating composition can be up to about 50 phr. Higher or lower total pigment loading levels are also encompassed herein, however.
  • a composition can include additional additives as are generally known in the art.
  • a composition can include one or more fillers, stabilizers, adhesion promoters, surfactants, lubricants, flame retardants, UV absorbers, antioxidants, and the like.
  • Other additives may include processing aids, flow enhancing additives, lubricants, impact modifiers, dispersants, surfactants, chelating agents, coupling agents, adhesives, primers and the like.
  • a UV stabilizer level could be used at levels as low as 0.1 weight percent based on the total weight of the composition. Methods for selecting and optimizing the particular levels and types of additives are known to those skilled in the art.
  • a composition can include a viscosity reduction agent.
  • IR transparent and IR reflective pigments often present difficulties due to the high add-on levels necessary to obtain the desired colors.
  • viscosity levels of resulting compositions are too high for utilization in coating certain substrates, for instance a fiber, yarn, thread, or formed woven or nonwoven fabric.
  • a composition can include one or more viscosity reducing agents to provide a composition having a viscosity of less than about 5000 cP, as measured with a Brookfield RTV at 20 rpm, less than about 2500 cP, or less than about 1500 cP.
  • a viscosity reducing agent can include a mineral oil, hydrogenated polyalphaolefin oil and/or a saturated fatty acid as described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,347,266 to Crews, et al., which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • a mineral oil viscosity reducing agent can be utilized.
  • Mineral oil also known as liquid petrolatum
  • It is a chemically inert transparent colorless oil composed mainly of linear, branched, and cyclic alkanes (paraffins) of various molecular weights, related to white petrolatum.
  • Mineral oil products are typically highly refined, through distillation, hydrogenation, hydrotreating, and other refining processes, to have improved properties, and the type and amount of refining varies from product to product.
  • Other names for mineral oil include, but are not necessarily limited to, paraffin oil, paraffinic oil, lubricating oil, white mineral oil, and white oil.
  • a viscosity reducing agent as may be included in a composition is IsoparTM isoparaffinic fluids.
  • Viscosity reducing agents can include ethers, alcohols, tertiary amines, aldehydes, ketones, and similar compounds that suitably reduce the viscosity of the composition without destroying the composition or any component thereof.
  • Viscosity reducing agents include, without limitation, aliphatic and cycloaliphatic ethers of 2 to 20 carbon atoms such as the straight chain ethers, e.g., di-n-alkyl ethers of 2 to 10 carbon atoms including diethyl ether and dibutyl ether, and cycloalkyl ethers of 5 to 6 carbon atoms, e.g., tetrahydrofuran and tetrahydropyran.
  • aliphatic and aromatic alcohols such as ethanol, isopropanol and butanol as well as phenyl, benzylalcohol and the others having 20 or fewer carbon atoms.
  • suitable agents include organic compounds having no more than about 20 carbon atoms, such as tertiary alkyl amines of 3 to 20 carbon atoms; aldehydes such as acetaldehyde and benzaldehyde; ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone and diethyl ketone as well as acetophenone.
  • a viscosity reducing agent can generally be included in a composition in an amount of up to about 30 phr, for instance between about 5 and about 20 phr, or between about 10 and about 15 phr. Other add-on levels are likewise encompassed herein, however.
  • a preferred amount of viscosity reducing agent can be determined according to the final desired viscosity of the composition, as is known.
  • a composition can include a stabilizer, e.g., a thermal stabilizer.
  • a thermal stabilizer Any known thermal stabilizer or mixture of thermal stabilizers is encompassed herein.
  • Useful thermal stabilizers include phenolic antioxidants, alkylated monophenols, alkylthiomethylphenols, hydroquinones, alkylated hydroquinones, tocopherols, hydroxylated thiodiphenyl ethers, alkylidenebisphenols, O-, N- and S-benzyl compounds, hydroxybenzylated malonates, aromatic hydroxybenzyl compounds, triazine compounds, aminic antioxidants, aryl amines, diaryl amines, polyaryl amines, acylaminophenols, oxamides, metal deactivators, phosphites, phosphonites, benzylphosphonates, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), compounds which destroy peroxide, hydroxylamines, nitrones, thiosy
  • a composition may contain a UV absorber or a mixture of UV absorbers.
  • UV absorbers include benzotriazoles, hydroxybenzophenones, hydroxyphenyl triazines, esters of substituted and unsubstituted benzoic acids, and the like and mixtures thereof. Any UV absorber known within the art is encompassed herein.
  • a composition can incorporate from about 0.001 to about 10.0 weight percent UV absorbers, based on the total weight of the composition.
  • a composition may also incorporate an effective amount of a hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS).
  • HALS are understood to be secondary, tertiary, acetylated, N-hydrocarbyloxy substituted, hydroxy substituted N-hydrocarbyloxy substituted, or other substituted cyclic amines which further have some degree of steric hindrance, generally derived from aliphatic substitution on the carbon atoms adjacent to the amine function.
  • HALS can be included in a composition in an amount of from about 0.001 to about 10.0 weight percent, based on the total weight of the composition.
  • Flame retardants as are generally known can also be incorporated in a composition.
  • A. H. Landrocki, “Handbook of Plastic Flammability Fuel and combustion Toxicology,” (Noyes Publication, 1983) disclosures fire/flame retardants. Flame retardants for plastics function under heat to yield products that would be more difficult to ignite than the virgin plastics, or that do not propagate flame as readily. They function in one or more ways, either they absorb heat, thereby making sustained burning more difficult, or they form nonflammable char or coating that insulates the substrate from the heat, excludes oxygen, and slows the rate of diffusion of volatile, flammable pyrolysis fragments from the substrate.
  • Flame retardants for plastics may also function by enhancing the decomposition of the substrate, thereby accelerating its melting al lower temperatures so that it drips or flows away from the flame front and by evolving products that stop or slow flame propagation. Still other flame retardants for plastics may function by forming free radicals that convert a polymer to less combustible products and by excluding oxygen from possible burning sites by coating resin particles.
  • Useful fire retardant agents may vary widely.
  • useful agents are such materials as metal hydroxides and hydrated materials, carbonates, bicarbonates, nitrate hydrates, metal halide hydrates, sulfate hydrates, perchlorate hydrates, phosphate hydrates, sulfites, bisulfites, borates, perchlorates, hydroxides, phosphate salts, and nitrogen containing compounds which thermally decompose to form nitrogen.
  • a composition can also include a dispersant.
  • a pigment of the composition can be provided as a dispersion that can then be combined with other components of the composition.
  • Dispersants can include, for example, customary dispersants, such as water-soluble dispersants based on one or more arylsulfonic acid/formaldehyde condensation products or on one or more water-soluble oxalkylated phenols, non-ionic dispersants or polymeric acids.
  • arylsulfonic acid/formaldehyde condensation products are obtainable, for example, by sulfonation of aromatic compounds, such as naphthalene itself or naphthalene-containing mixtures, and subsequent condensation of the resulting arylsulfonic acids with formaldehyde.
  • aromatic compounds such as naphthalene itself or naphthalene-containing mixtures
  • condensation of the resulting arylsulfonic acids with formaldehyde Such dispersants are known and are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 6,989,056 to Babler, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,186,846 to Brueckmann, et al., which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • Suitable oxalkylated phenols are likewise known and are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No.
  • Suitable non-ionic dispersants are, for example, alkylene oxide adducts, polymerisation products of vinylpyrrolidone, vinyl acetate or vinyl alcohol and co- or ter-polymers of vinyl pyrrolidone with vinyl acetate and/or vinyl alcohol.
  • the dispersant can be a random or structured polymeric dispersant.
  • Random polymers include acrylic polymers and styrene-acrylic polymers.
  • Structured dispersants include AB, BAB and ABC block copolymers, branched polymers and graft polymers.
  • Useful structured polymers are disclosed in, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,085,698 to Ma, et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 5,231,131 to Chu, et al. and in European Patent Application EP 0556649 to Ma, et al., all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • Examples of typical dispersants for non-aqueous pigment dispersions include those sold under the trade names: Disperbyk (BYK-Chemie, USA), Solsperse (Avecia) and EFKA (EFKA Chemicals) polymeric dispersants.
  • a composition of a melt or solution including the resin, pigments, and any additional additives can be formed according to standard formation processes.
  • an energy intensive mixing means can be utilized, optionally at increased temperature, to form the composition.
  • the components of the composition can be combined in any order, as is known. For example, solid components including resin beads or flakes, pigments, etc., can first be combined, as in a ball mill, prior to forming a melt or solution of the components and adding any liquid components, e.g., viscosity reducing agents.
  • composition can be further processed to form a covering for an architectural opening including, without limitation, a window, an arch, a doorway, and so forth.
  • a composition can be molded or otherwise shaped to form a material for use in forming a covering.
  • a composition can be extruded in film or sheet form, optionally laminated with other films, and applied to a substrate, e.g., a window or a window covering.
  • a film or sheet of the composition may be made by any suitable process.
  • Thin films for example, may be formed by compression molding as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,427,614 to Barham, et al., by melt extrusion as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,880,592 Martini, et al., by melt blowing as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,525,281 to Locks, at al., all of which are incorporated herein by reference, or by other suitable processes such as knife coating.
  • Polymeric sheets may be formed by extrusion, calendering, solution casting or injection molding, for example.
  • One of ordinary skill in the art will be able to identify appropriate process parameters based on the polymeric composition and on the method used for sheet or film formation.
  • melt processing temperature of the composition can be from about 50° C. to about 300° C., for instance from about 100° C. to about 250° C.
  • a film construct can be further processed following formation.
  • Post-formation processing can include, without limitation, shaping, blowing the film to different dimensions, machining, punching, stretching or orienting, rolling, calendering, coating, embossing, printing and radiation such as E-beam treatment to increase the Vicat softening point.
  • films and sheets formed by any method may be oriented, uniaxially or biaxially, by stretching in one or both of the machine and transverse directions after formation according to any suitable methods.
  • a film or sheet formed of a composition can have a hard coat layer formed on one or both surfaces to protect the layer(s) from scratching, abrasion, and like insults.
  • Any suitable hard coat formulation may be employed.
  • One hard coat is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,027,073 to Clark, which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • a film or sheet of a composition can be combined with other films to form a multilayer laminate.
  • a multilayer structures may be formed by any suitable means, such as, for example, coextrusion, blown film, dipcoating, solution coating, blade, puddle, air-knife, printing, Dahlgren, gravure, flexo, powder coating, spraying, laminating, or other art processes.
  • the individual layers may be joined together by heat, adhesive and/or tie layer, for example.
  • Films for use as additional film layers include oriented and unoriented polyester films, polycarbonate films, polyurethane films and polyvinyl chloride films.
  • the additional film layer is biaxially oriented poly(ethylene terephthalate).
  • Sheets for use as additional sheet layers can include sheets comprising polyvinyl butyral compositions, acoustic polyvinyl acetal compositions, acoustic polyvinyl butyral compositions, ethylene vinyl acetate compositions, thermoplastic polyurethane compositions, polyvinyl chloride copolymer compositions and ethylene acid copolymer compositions and ionomers derived therefrom.
  • a film or sheet can by layered on a glass sheet.
  • glass as used herein includes window glass, plate glass, silicate glass, sheet glass, float glass, colored glass, specialty glass which may, for example, include ingredients to control solar heating, glass coated with sputtered metals such as silver, for example, glass coated with antimony tin oxide (ATO) and/or indium tin oxide (ITO), E-glass, SolexTM glass (PPG Industries of Pittsburgh, Pa.) and ToroglassTM.
  • a typical glass sheet is a 90 mil thick annealed flat glass.
  • a rigid sheet may be a rigid polymeric sheet comprised of a polycarbonate, acrylics, polyacrylate, cyclic polyolefins, metallocene-catalyzed polystyrene and mixtures or combinations thereof.
  • a rigid sheet can be transparent to visible radiation.
  • NIR reflective textiles that beneficially incorporate the disclosed compositions.
  • textile is herein defined to encompass any structure produced by the interlacing of yarns, multi-filament fibers, monofilament fibers, or some combination thereof.
  • a textile can be generally planar or can be manipulated to form higher dimensional geometries.
  • a textile can include fibers that incorporate a composition as disclosed herein in a predetermined, organized, and interlaced pattern, herein referred to as a weave or knit fabric (i.e., a fabric formed according to a weaving and/or knitting process), or optionally can include the fibers in a random pattern (a nonwoven fabric), or in a unidirectional prepreg fabric, in which multiple unidirectional fibers are aligned and held in a matrix of a polymeric binding agent.
  • a weave or knit fabric i.e., a fabric formed according to a weaving and/or knitting process
  • a random pattern a nonwoven fabric
  • unidirectional prepreg fabric in which multiple unidirectional fibers are aligned and held in a matrix of a polymeric binding agent.
  • continuous or stapled fibers of a textile can be formed from an NIR reflective composition.
  • the fibers can then form a woven or nonwoven textile (optionally with other types of fibers) suitable for use in a covering for an architectural opening.
  • a composition can be melt processed or solution processed to form fibers according to known fiber-forming technologies, which can then be utilized in forming a textile.
  • a film or sheet of the composition, as described above can be stripped to form filaments, fibers, or continuous yarn which can be used as formed or optionally combined, e.g., twisted, to form a yarn.
  • a woven or nonwoven textile can then be formed to include the fibers.
  • a composition can be utilized to coat a substrate.
  • a composition can coat a substrate for use in forming a covering in an architectural opening.
  • Substrates can include, for example, those formed of polymeric compositions (e.g., polyesters), wood, metal (e.g., aluminum) and textile substrates.
  • textiles substrates can include, without limitation, filaments, fibers, yarns, threads, knits, wovens, nonwovens, and products formed from one or more individual textile portions attached to one another.
  • a substrate can be formed of a high IR reflective material, such as glass, wood, or polyester.
  • a composition including one or more IR transparent or IR reflective pigments can be coated on an IR reflective yarn, such as a yarn formed of glass fibers, and a textile formed of the coated yarn can exhibit improved NIR reflection and a non-white color.
  • a composition can be coated on a door, a blind, a shutter, or the like formed of an IR reflective material, such as wood, IR reflective polymeric materials, metal, and so forth, and the product can exhibit improved NIR reflection.
  • a composition can coat a core fibrous structure that can be utilized to form a woven or nonwoven textile.
  • the core of a coated fibrous construct can include any conventional material known to the art including, without limitation, metal fibers; glass fibers, fiberglass yarn such as E-glass, A-glass, C-glass, D-glass, AR-glass, R-glass, SI-glass, S2-glass; carbon fibers such as graphite; boron fibers; ceramic fibers such as alumina or silica; aramid fibers such as Kevlar® marketed by E. I.
  • duPont de Nemours, Wilmington, Del. synthetic organic fibers such as polyester, polyolefin, polyamide, polyethylene, paraphenylene, terephthalamide, polyethylene terephthalate and polyphenylene sulphide; and various other natural or synthetic inorganic or organic fibrous materials known to be useful for forming coverings for architectural openings, such as cellulose, asbestos, cotton and the like.
  • a core of a composite fibrous structure can be a mono filament, e.g., a single glass filament, or can be a multi-filament construct including a plurality of individual filaments combined together.
  • a core filament can be a yarn formed of a plurality of glass or polymeric filaments.
  • the term ‘yarn’ refers to a continuous strand of one or more textile fibers, filaments, or material in a form suitable for knitting, weaving, or otherwise intertwining to form a textile fabric. Yarn can occur in any of the following forms: a number of fibers or filaments twisted together; a number of filaments laid together without a twist; a number of filaments laid together with a degree of twist; a single filament with out without a twist; or a narrow strip of material (e.g., paper, polymer film, metal) with or without a twist.
  • the term ‘yarn’ also encompasses spun yarn formed of staple fibers. Staple fibers are natural fibers or cut lengths of filaments. Manufactured staple fibers are cut to a length, generally from about 1 inch to about 8 inches.
  • filament generally refers to a single strand of an elongated material
  • fiber generally refers to any elongated structure that can be formed of a single or multiple filaments.
  • filament and fiber may be used interchangeably, but this is not necessarily the case and in other embodiments, a fiber can be formed of multiple individual filaments.
  • a multi-filament yarn can be formed according to any standard practice. For instance each of the formed filaments can be treated with sizing, etc. prior to combination to form a multi-filament construct.
  • surface treatment of individual glass filaments used to form a twisted glass multi-filament yarn has been carried out with specific sizings to prevent breakage of the filaments during processing (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,038,555 to Wu, et al., which is incorporated herein by reference).
  • a yarn (either multi-filament or mono-filament) can be coated with a composition as disclosed herein according to known methods including, without limitation, extrusion, strand coating, and so forth.
  • a core yarn can be passed through a die, with peripheral delivery around the core of a sheath of the composition.
  • One such coating method is described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007/0015426 to Ahmed, et al., which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • the coated yarn can be cured by a variety of techniques known in the art including, thermal, IR radiation, photoactivation, e-beam or other radiation type curing, and others. A preferred curing method can generally depend upon the resin of the composition. Following cure, the coated yarn can be pulled through nip rollers prior to being wound on a winder for later processing.
  • a coating process can be repeated with the same or different coating compositions to form a multi-layered product.
  • a yarn can be coated multiple times with the same coating composition to increase solar characteristics and/or to provide thicker overall coatings.
  • Different compositions can also be utilized in multiple coating layers, for instance to effect the perceived color of the finished product, to provide the desired concentration of coating materials in several low viscosity composition applications, and the like.
  • a first coating layer can be formed on a substrate that exhibits high reflectivity and a second coating layer can be formed on the substrate over the first coating layer that can exhibit desirable color and a lower IR reflectivity and/or higher IR transparency as compared to the first layer.
  • the first coating layer can include a relatively large amount of highly reflective pigment, for example a white pigment
  • the second, outer coating layer can include IR transparent and or IR reflective pigments (as well as other, more traditional pigments) to provide the desired color to the composite.
  • the inclusion of a first, inner layer that exhibits a high IR reflectivity can increase the overall reflectivity of the substrate.
  • the second layer which can also exhibit IR reflectivity, and can include one or more IR reflective and/or IR transparent pigments, at least one of which is a non-white pigment, can provide a desired color to the coated substrate, and can enhance the IR reflectance and/or transparency of the coated substrate.
  • an inner, first layer that has a high IR reflectivity can increase the highly reflective surface area of the fiber.
  • the inner layer can also exhibit little or no IR transparency.
  • the addition of a second layer on the substrate that is IR reflective and/or IR transparent, and that also includes IR reflective and/or transparent pigments that are non-white can provide a highly IR reflective and/or IR transparent composite in any of a wide variety of non-white colors.
  • a substrate can include at least two coating layers thereon, such that a coating layer that includes an abrasive additive, e.g., an abrasive IR reflective pigment, is not immediately adjacent to the substrate core.
  • a coating layer that includes an abrasive additive e.g., an abrasive IR reflective pigment
  • a glass fiber yarn can be coated with a first composition that can include a non-abrasive IR transparent pigment.
  • this fiber can be coated with a second composition that can include an abrasive IR reflective pigment.
  • the first composition can include IR transparent and/or reflective pigments, can include more traditional pigments, or can include no pigments at all. More specifically, it should be understood that the inner layer, for instance the layer immediately adjacent the core substrate (e.g., the fiber, woven, or nonwoven textile) can be formed of a composition as disclosed herein or a different composition, as desired. For instance, a first layer can be formed of a plastisol that includes traditional pigments or alternatively no pigment at all, and a subsequent layer can include an abrasive pigment. In one embodiment, the first layer can be formed of a highly reflective composition, with little or no darker colored IR reflective and/or transparent pigments, and the second composition can include one or more abrasive IR reflective and/or transparent pigments.
  • the second, outer coating layer (or any additional layers) can be formed according to the same coating process as the first, inner coating layer, or according to a different method, as desired.
  • a multi-strand fiber glass yarn can be coated with a first layer according to a peripheral extrusion process and following cure a second layer can be coated on the fiber according to a dip-coating method.
  • a similar multi-layer coating process can be carried out with any substrate, including a fiber or a formed nonwoven or woven textile product.
  • the textile following formation of a textile that incorporates a yarn, the textile can be coated with multiple layers such that a composition that incorporates abrasive pigments is not immediately adjacent the formed textile, such that one or more inner layers exhibit high IR reflectivity, or with multiple coating layers of the same coating composition.
  • Yarn incorporating disclosed compositions can be woven to form a textile.
  • a woven textile can include such yarn in the warp, weft, or both directions of the formed textile.
  • the warp and/or weft yarn can include other yarn, in addition to the disclosed yarn types.
  • Beaming or warping is a common intermediate step in woven fabric formation in which a large number of individual yarns are pulled together in parallel and wrapped onto a cylinder, known as a warp beam, in preparation for transportation to a loom.
  • Sectional warping is a two part process. In the first part, a relatively small number of ends are wound onto a rotating drum for a specified distance.
  • the drum moves laterally, i.e., perpendicular to the direction of the incoming yarn, and allows the yarn to build up against a tapered surface on one end of the drum.
  • the yarn is cut and tied off, and a small section of yarn remains. This process is repeated for a number of iterations until the desired width of yarn is pulled from the creel.
  • the sections are pulled from the drum and wound on a warp beam. Sectional warping makes practical and economic sense when relatively short lengths of fabric, or densely woven fabric having a wide width, is produced, because it reduces the total number of bobbins required and increases the size of the bobbins.
  • yarn is positioned on a sectional warping creel (e.g., a Benninger model No. 100522) utilizing a centrally controlled spring-loaded roller system for yarn tensioning and electronic end stop detection capability (e.g., an Eltex model No. 17820 Mini-SMG 121).
  • a sectional warper e.g., a Hacoba model No. USK 1000E-SM.
  • the yarn is beamed off onto a warp beam.
  • a range of processing conditions as known in the art may be used to produce a warp beam for fabric production, and other types of warping equipment, lubricants, or warping techniques (direct warping, etc.) may be used depending on the exact nature of the yarn (such as size, shape, coating material, etc.), fabric specifications, and weaving equipment.
  • An IR reflective knit fabric can be formed via warp knit or weft knit, as desired.
  • linear warp-knitting machines are provided with a plurality of bars designed to carry a plurality of thread-holding elements, commonly known as thread-guides.
  • the bars can be moved so as to enable the threads associated with such thread-guides to be correctly fed onto the needles of the knitting machine for the formation of new fabric.
  • the thread-guide bar makes two basic movements: a linear movement in front of or behind the hook of each needle, commonly known as “shog”, and an oscillating movement on the side of each needle for bringing the threads alternatively before and behind the needle hook, commonly known as “swing”.
  • Jacquard-type thread-guide bars are also known, which are provided with jacquard devices allowing each thread-guide to move individually of an additional needle space, in the same or opposite direction, with respect to the shog movement of the bars.
  • a weft knitting machine In a weft knitting machine the loops are produced in a horizontal direction.
  • a weft knitting machine is generally provided with a yarn feeder mounted, e.g., on a side cover on one end side in a longitudinal direction of a needle bed, so the knitting yarn is fed from a yarn feeding port of a yarn feeding member to a knitting needle.
  • the yarn feeder includes a buffer rod that can temporarily store a knitting yarn and can apply a tension to the knitting yarn.
  • Any type of knitting machine can be utilized including, without limitation, a weft knitting fabric machine, in which fabric is knitted in a continuous, uninterrupted length of constant width; a garments length machine that has an additional control mechanism to co-ordinate the knitting action in the production of structured repeat sequence in a wale direction; a flat machine; a circular machine; and so forth.
  • a nonwoven textile encompassed herein encompasses any type of nonwoven fabric, e.g., a meltblown web, a spunbond web, and so forth.
  • a meltblown nonwoven web can be formed by a process in which a molten thermoplastic material (e.g., a composition as disclosed herein) is extruded through a plurality of fine, usually circular, die capillaries as molten fibers into converging high velocity gas (e.g., air) streams that attenuate the fibers of molten thermoplastic material to reduce their diameter, which may be to microfiber diameter. Thereafter, the meltblown fibers are carried by the high velocity gas stream and are deposited on a collecting surface to form a web of randomly dispersed meltblown fibers.
  • a molten thermoplastic material e.g., a composition as disclosed herein
  • high velocity gas e.g., air
  • a spunbond web generally refers to a nonwoven web that includes small diameter substantially continuous fibers.
  • the fibers can be formed by extruding a molten thermoplastic material from a plurality of fine, usually circular, capillaries of a spinnerette with the diameter of the extruded fibers then being rapidly reduced as by, for example, eductive drawing and/or other well-known spunbonding mechanisms.
  • the production of spunbond webs is described and illustrated, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,340,563 to Appel, et al., U.S. Pat. No. 3,692,618 to Dörschner, et al., U.S. Pat. No. 3,802,817 to Matsuki, et al., U.S.
  • a covering formed to include a composition as disclosed herein can reflect more NIR as compared to conventional pigment compositions and can improve the energy use for a building that utilizes the covering.
  • a window covering including the disclosed compositions can reflect more than about 15% of the impinging NIR, for instance greater than about 25%, greater than about 50% or greater than about 70%.
  • a window covering can reflect between about 25% and about 75%, or between about 50% and about 75% of the NIR radiation of impinging solar radiation.
  • a window covering can reflect more than about 30% of the total impinging solar radiation, or greater than about 40% in one embodiment.
  • Coverings encompassed herein that can incorporate the disclosed compositions can include, without limitation, window and, door shades, window blinds, awnings, awning screens, skylight shades, sunroom/solarium shades, draperies and curtains, and so forth.
  • PVC-based plastisols were prepared as described below in Table 1. All concentrations are provided as phr (parts per hundred parts of resin). Six different compositions were formed in three different colors. For each color, one composition included at least one IR transparent or IR reflective pigment, and the other included only conventional pigments.
  • ECG 150 multi filament fiberglass available from Saint-Gobain Vetrotex was coated by a strand coating process.
  • the coating thickness was 50-100 ⁇ m and was regulated by sending the yarn through a die.
  • curing was carried out at 180° C. by sending the coated yarn through an oven.
  • the fibers were woven using a Rapier loom to form a fabric and heat set at 160° C.
  • a basket weave was used with a 5% openness factor.
  • Fabrics were formed utilizing fiberglass yarn coated with the composition of Run 3 or Run 4 as the warp and fiberglass yarn coated with a composition of one of Runs 1-6 as the weft.
  • the solar spectra of each of these six fabrics was measured using a Perkin Elmer LAMDA 950 UV/Vis/NIR spectrophotometer with an integrating sphere with a white background and the solar reflectance was calculated according to ASTM E-891 in the wavelength range of about 300 to about 2500 nanometers. Results are shown in Table 2, below.
  • FIG. 1 compares the total solar reflectance from 300 to 2500 nm for three different fabrics:
  • FIG. 2 compares the total solar reflectance from 300 to 2500 nm for three different fabrics:
  • FIG. 3 compares the total solar reflectance from 300 to 2500 nm for three different fabrics:
  • a dark fabric formed exclusively of fiberglass coated with a composition as disclosed herein can exhibit an NIR reflectance of over 80%.
  • a fabric utilizing exclusively conventional yarn exhibits much lower NIR reflectance, while a fabric combining both types of yarn exhibits reflectance between the other two.
  • PVC-based plastisols were prepared as described below in Table 3. All concentrations are provided as phr.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates IR images of several different fabrics including, from left to right as numbered in the FIG.
  • a black fabric formed with fiberglass yarn coated in the disclosed composition can remain much cooler under IR as compared to other, more conventional fabric made from carbon black.
  • PVC-based plastisols were prepared as described below in Table 4. All concentrations are provided as phr (parts per hundred parts of resin). Six different compositions were formed in three different colors. For each color, one composition included at least one IR transparent or IR reflective pigment, and the other included only conventional pigments.
  • ECG 150 multi filament fiberglass available from Saint-Gobain Vetrotex was coated to give two layers of coating by a strand coating process using one or more of the compositions in Table 4 in each layer.
  • the coating thickness was 50-100 ⁇ m and was regulated by sending the yarn through a die.
  • the first coating layer was applied and then cured in an oven at 180° C. by sending the coated yarn through the oven.
  • the second layer was applied and then cured in a second oven at 180° C.
  • the hard cured yarn was cooled down in a chilled water bath and wound on to bobbins.
  • the yarns were woven using a Rapier loom to form a fabric and heat set at 160° C. A basket weave was used with a 3% openness factor.
  • Fabrics were formed utilizing fiberglass yarn coated with the composition nos. 7 and 3 in the first and second layer, respectively, or two layers of composition no. 4 as the warp fibers, and fiberglass yarn coated with one or more compositions of Table 4 with compositions 1-7 as the weft.
  • the composition of the warp and weft yarn was varied according to the composition used for the layer 1 and layer 2 in coating process, and is given as x-x in table 5, where x can vary from 1-7.
  • the warp yarn is reported as 7-3
  • the first layer was formed with composition 7 as described in Table 4
  • the second layer was formed with composition 3 as described in Table 4.
  • the solar spectra of each of these fabrics was measured according to ASTM E 903-96 using a Perkin Elmer LAMBDA 950 UV/Vis/NIR Spectrophotometer with an integrating sphere using a black trap, and the solar reflectance was calculated according to ASTM E-891 in the wavelength range of about 300 to about 2500 nanometers. Results are shown in Table 5, below.

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