CN103282593B - 近红外反射组合物及掺有所述组合物的建筑开口用覆盖物 - Google Patents
近红外反射组合物及掺有所述组合物的建筑开口用覆盖物 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A47H—FURNISHINGS FOR WINDOWS OR DOORS
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- B32B21/08—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board comprising wood as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
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- B32B21/00—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board
- B32B21/10—Next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
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- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
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- C03C25/1095—Coating to obtain coated fabrics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C25/00—Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags
- C03C25/10—Coating
- C03C25/465—Coatings containing composite materials
- C03C25/475—Coatings containing composite materials containing colouring agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
- C08J7/04—Coating
- C08J7/06—Coating with compositions not containing macromolecular substances
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
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- C08K5/10—Esters; Ether-esters
- C08K5/12—Esters; Ether-esters of cyclic polycarboxylic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D127/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D127/02—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C09D127/04—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing chlorine atoms
- C09D127/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl chloride
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
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- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
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- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
公开了近红外反射组合物及掺有所述组合物的建筑开口用覆盖物。根据一种实施方式,提供了一种建筑开口用覆盖物,其包含:固化的聚合物组合物,其包含聚合物树脂和非白色颜料,所述颜料为红外反射颜料或红外透明颜料,所述固化的聚合物组合物具有在25°观察角下测量的小于90的CIELAB?L*值,所述覆盖物反射照射的介于700nm与2500nm之间的太阳辐射的超过15%。其显示出良好太阳能管理性能。还公开了形成覆盖物的方法以及用于涂覆建筑开口部件的组合物。
Description
相关申请案
本申请要求2010年12月3日提交的美国临时专利申请第61/419,481号的权益,该美国临时专利申请以引用的方式并入本文。
技术领域
发明背景
存在用于放置在诸如窗户、门、拱门等建筑开口中的多种不同类型的覆盖物。此类覆盖物包括百叶窗和遮窗罩。遮窗罩常常包括利用提供强度、柔性和抗磨蚀能力的聚合物涂覆的纱线织造的纺织品。芯纱线一般由聚酯、玻璃、聚烯烃等形成。纱线的聚合物涂层可包括诸如聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚烯烃、聚酯等聚合物树脂。涂层也已被调配成包括多种添加剂,所述添加剂包括颜料、阻燃材料和UV光吸收剂。
改进建筑开口用覆盖物以便更好地控制照射在结构物上的太阳能受到越来越多的关注。通过对太阳辐射的被动热能管理,可以大大降低能量消耗。而且,加快全球经济发展预计将导致对日益减少的能源储备的需求不断增长。预计这与全球气温升高一起将把对改进的被动热能管理技术的搜寻从可选方案提升到势在必行。
通过设计建筑覆盖物改进能量管理不是新方法。例如,上述纺织材料已被公认为提供了良好的隔热性能。诸如二氧化钛基颜料的白色颜料已用于改进太阳能控制。例如,利用二氧化钛基颜料形成的制品可反射近红外(NIR)辐射的超过70%。因为在制品上生成的热量主要取决于制品的NIR反射性质,因此使用高反射率的白色颜料可将热生成量减至最小。
不幸地,为了形成非白色的建筑开口用覆盖物,已为被动太阳能管理付出代价。包括常规炭黑基颜料在内的带较深颜色的颜料将仅反射照射的太阳辐射的约5%。NIR的吸收增加导致覆盖物本身的表面温度升高以及周围环境的温度升高。而且,颜色较深的材料所受到的热应力随着时间的推移将导致覆盖物的使用寿命较短。
红外(IR)反射颜料和IR透明颜料为人们所知已经有一段时间(参见美国专利第6,174,360号、第6,521,038号和第7,416,601号,其以引用的方式并入本文)。这些材料已被建议用于军事应用、用于屋顶材料及用于油墨中。不幸地,这些材料在其他应用中呈现出加工和使用困难的问题。例如,IR反射无机颜料很容易磨蚀,因此它们没有被用作纱线/纺织品的着色剂。另外,形成期望的深颜色所需要的颜料添加水平常使得组合物的粘性对于涂覆某些衬底所必需的加工条件而言太高。例如,为了获得黑色涂层,常向颜料组合物中添加浓度为约20份/100份树脂(phr)的黑色颜料,由此产生的制剂的粘度为约10,000cP,使某些加工方法(例如,纤维涂覆方法)即使不是不可能的,也是不切实际的。
鉴于上述,目前需要可用来形成用于覆盖建筑开口的非白色的较深色调的材料的组合物。更具体地,需要显示出良好太阳能管理性能的非白色组合物和诸如窗户覆盖物的产品。
发明概要
根据本发明的一个实施方式,提供了一种建筑开口用覆盖物,其包含:固化的聚合物组合物,其包含聚合物树脂和非白色颜料,所述颜料为红外反射颜料或红外透明颜料,所述固化的聚合物组合物具有在25°观察角下测量的小于90的CIELABL*值,所述覆盖物反射照射的介于700nm与2500nm之间的太阳辐射的超过15%。
如上所述的覆盖物,其中所述固化的聚合物组合物为在衬底上的第一涂覆层。
如上所述的覆盖物,其中所述衬底为纤维构建体或木材、金属或聚合物衬底或纺织品。
如上所述的覆盖物,其中所述金属为铝。
如上所述的覆盖物,其中所述聚合物为聚氯乙烯。
如上所述的覆盖物,其中所述固化的聚合物组合物为在衬底上的第二涂层,所述覆盖物进一步包含介于所述衬底与所述第二涂层之间的第一涂层。
如上所述的覆盖物,其中所述第一涂层包含一种或多种白色或非白色IR反射颜料。
如上所述的覆盖物,其中所述第一涂层的IR反射率高于所述第二涂层的IR反射率。
如上所述的覆盖物,其中所述第二涂层的非白色颜料为无机红外反射颜料。
如上所述的覆盖物,其中所述纤维构建体包括一种或多种纤维,所述纤维包含玻璃纤维、聚酯纤维、聚烯烃纤维、天然纤维,或其组合,其中所述一种或多种纤维为单丝或多丝纤维或其组合。
如上所述的覆盖物,其中所述天然纤维为棉花。
如上所述的覆盖物,其中所述纤维构建体包括单丝纱线或多丝纱线。
如上所述覆盖物,其中所述纤维构建体包括短纤纱。
如上所述的覆盖物,其中所述覆盖物为窗户覆盖物。
如上所述的覆盖物,其中所述覆盖物反射照射的介于700nm与2500nm之间的太阳辐射的超过50%,和/或反射所有照射的太阳辐射的超过25%。
如上所述的覆盖物,其中所述非白色颜料为黑色颜料和/或包含铝。
根据本发明的另一实施方式,提供了一种形成根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的覆盖物的方法,所述方法包括:将所述聚合物树脂与所述非白色颜料混合从而形成组合物,所述颜料为红外反射颜料或红外透明颜料;调节所述组合物的粘度,使得如利用BrookfieldRTV在20rpm下测量时所述组合物具有低于5000cP,或低于2500cP的粘度;用所述组合物涂覆衬底;以及使所述组合物固化。
如上所述的方法,其中所述组合物包括浓度等于或小于50份/100份所述聚合物树脂的非白色颜料。
如上所述的方法,其进一步在所述组合物中包含粘度降低剂。
如上所述的方法,其中所述聚合物树脂包含反应性单体或低聚体组分,在使所述组合物固化的步骤期间所述单体或低聚体组分发生聚合。
根据本发明的又一实施方式,提供了一种用于涂覆建筑开口部件的组合物,所述组合物包含:聚合物树脂;以及非白色颜料,所述颜料为红外反射颜料或红外透明颜料;其中如利用BrookfieldRTV在20rpm下测量时所述组合物具有低于5000cP,或低于2500cP的粘度,并且所述固化的组合物具有在25°观察角下测量的小于90,或小于70的CIELABL*值。
如上所述的组合物,其进一步包含增塑剂、粘度降低剂,或阻燃剂中的一种或多种。
如上所述的组合物,其中所述树脂为在水性介质中的乳液形式。
如上所述的组合物,其中所述聚合物树脂为聚氯乙烯树脂、聚烯烃树脂、聚酯树脂、聚氨酯树脂、聚丙交酯树脂、丙烯酸树脂,或它们的混合物。
如上所述的组合物,其进一步包含另外的颜料。
如上所述的组合物,其中所述另外的颜料为干涉颜料或炭黑。
如上所述的组合物,其中所述非白色颜料为黑色和/或包含铝。
如上所述的组合物,其中所述聚合物树脂为多种反应性单体、低聚体,或其混合物形式,所述反应性单体、低聚体,或其混合物彼此反应从而形成聚合物。
根据一个实施方案,公开了用于涂覆建筑开口部件,例如,用于涂覆用来形成窗户覆盖物的纤维的组合物。组合物可包括聚合物树脂和非白色颜料。更具体地,颜料可为IR反射颜料或IR透明颜料。为了充分地涂覆部件,如利用BrookfieldRTV在20rpm下测量时组合物可具有低于约5000cP的粘度。所述组合物可用来形成非白色的IR反射覆盖物。例如,固化的组合物可具有在25°观察角下测量的小于约90的CIELABL*值。
还公开了掺有固化组合物的建筑开口用覆盖物。例如,掺有上述固化组合物的覆盖物可反射照射的介于约700nm与约2500nm之间的太阳辐射的超过约15%。覆盖物可为窗户覆盖物,例如,遮窗罩、百叶窗、窗帘、遮蓬、遮蓬罩等。
还公开了形成建筑开口用覆盖物的方法。例如,方法可包括将聚合物树脂与非白色颜料混合从而形成组合物,所述颜料为IR反射颜料或IR透明颜料。所述方法还可包括调节组合物的粘度,使得如利用BrookfieldRTV在20rpm下测量时组合物具有低于约5000cP的粘度,用组合物涂覆衬底,以及使组合物固化。例如,组合物可涂覆纱线,然后可利用经涂覆纱线形成用于形成窗户覆盖物,例如,遮窗罩的织造或非织造纺织品。
根据另一个实施方案,一种方法可包括给衬底涂覆多个层,所述多个层的至少一个为包括一种或多种IR反射或IR透明颜料或其组合的组合物。根据所述方法,第一层可为高反射率的IR层。例如,第一层可包括白色颜料。在一个实施方案中,第一层的IR反射率可高于第二层的IR反射率。第一层和第二层两者都或替代地仅第二层可包括一种或多种非白色的IR反射和或透明颜料。
附图简述
对于本领域技术人员来说本发明的充分且能实现的公开,包括其最佳模式,更具体地阐述在包括参照附图的说明书的其余部分中,其中:
图1用图表示出在经纱和纬纱中都使用黑色纱线形成的三种不同织物的总太阳光反射,其中一种织物在经纱中包括如本文所描述的NIR反射纱线,其中一种织物在经纱和纬纱中都包括如本文所描述的NIR反射纱线,并且其中一种织物包括被制备成在经纱和纬纱中都包括如本文所描述的炭黑颜料的传统纱线。
图2用图表示出在经纱中使用黑色纱线而在纬纱中使用深棕色纱线形成的三种不同织物的总太阳光反射,其中一种织物在经纱中包括如本文所描述的NIR反射纱线,其中一种织物在经纱和纬纱中都包括如本文所描述的NIR反射纱线,并且其中一种织物在经纱和纬纱中都包括如本文所描述的传统纱线。
图3用图表示出在经纱中使用黑色纱线而在纬纱中使用灰色纱线形成的三种不同织物的总太阳光反射,其中一种织物在经纱中包括如本文所描述的NIR反射纱线,其中一种织物在经纱和纬纱中都包括如本文所描述的NIR反射纱线,并且其中一种织物在经纱和纬纱中都包括如本文所描述的传统纱线。
图4包括数种不同织物的IR图像,所述织物包括用如本文所公开的组合物涂覆的纤维形成的织物。
具体实施方式
本领域普通技术人员应理解,本讨论仅为示例性实施方案的描述,而不意欲限制本公开的较宽广的方面。
一般而言,本公开涉及可用于形成具有增强的NIR反射能力的产品的组合物。更具体地,所公开的组合物可包括IR反射和/或IR透射非白色颜料。有益地,所述组合物可被形成为具有合适的粘度,以便成功地涂覆适用于形成建筑开口用覆盖物的衬底。例如,组合物可涂覆可用于形成IR反射非白色织造窗户覆盖物的纤维或纱线。与在纱线涂层中利用传统非白色颜料的类似织物相比较,包括经涂覆纱线的织物可显示出大大增大的跨越NIR和IR光谱的反射率。
还公开了用包括无机IR反射颜料的组合物涂覆的纺织衬底。传统上,由于该颜料的磨蚀性质,此类颜料已被认为不适合于诸如纱线的纺织衬底。通过在衬底与包括磨蚀颜料的组合物之间提供中间涂覆层,本公开克服了这些问题。
涂料组合物可包括聚合物树脂,其可为热固性或热塑性树脂。举例来说,涂料组合物可包括为聚氯乙烯、丙烯酸树脂、聚酯、聚酰胺、芳纶(aramid)、聚氨酯、聚乙烯醇、聚烯烃、聚丙交酯等的树脂。树脂聚合物可为均聚物或共聚物。另外,共聚物可为无规或嵌段共聚物。聚合物树脂可包括一种或多种聚合物,例如聚合物共混物形式的两种或更多种聚合物。
当考虑热固性聚合物树脂时,组合物还可包括交联剂。举例来说,热固性聚合物树脂可通过使用异氰酸酯交联剂、有机金属交联剂等来进行交联。
在一个优选实施方案中,所述组合物可包括由在水性介质中的聚合物形成的乳液。一般而言,乳液可包括高分子量树脂;通常可利用聚氨酯、丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸树脂形成乳液基涂料组合物。
所述组合物的聚合物可在所述组合物的加工过程中的任何点聚合。例如,可形成包括单体和/或低聚体的组合物,并且这些取代基可在组合物形成期间或之后聚合。举例来说,可利用组合物涂覆衬底,此后可使涂层固化,固化期间可发生聚合。根据一个实施方案,可向衬底中施加包含单体混合物的组合物,并且可在涂覆过程之后将聚合与固化一起启动。当考虑形成热固性涂层时,此种实施方案可能特别有益。
在一个优选实施方案中,所述组合物可包括由乙烯基聚合物和增塑剂形成的塑料溶胶。一般而言,塑料溶胶可包括增塑剂和高分子量树脂,通常聚氯乙烯(PVC)或丙烯酸树脂,并且可形成柔性永久塑化的涂料组合物。
如所陈述的,本文所包括的聚合物包括均聚物和共聚物。例如,涂料组合物中的PVC聚合物可为PVC均聚物或共聚物。PVC共聚物可由氯乙烯单体和至少一种其他选自由以下组成的组的单体形成:甲基丙烯酸酯、丙烯腈、苯乙烯、苯醚(phenyleneoxide)、丙烯酸、马来酸酐、乙烯醇和乙酸乙烯酯。
增塑剂一般为具有低挥发性、能够分散塑料溶胶的聚合物树脂颗粒的化合物。增塑剂还可以促进聚合物树脂与衬底的粘附。典型的增塑剂包括各种一元酸、二元酸和三元酸的直链和支链醇酯和二醇酯,例如邻苯二甲酸、己二酸、癸二酸、壬二酸、柠檬酸、偏苯三酸(和酐)和磷酸的酯;氯代烃;长链醇的酯;液态聚酯;及环氧化天然油,例如亚麻籽油和大豆油。
代表性的邻苯二甲酸酯增塑剂包括:邻苯二甲酸二-2-乙基己基酯、邻苯二甲酸正C6-C8-C10酯(n-C6-C8-C10phthalate)、邻苯二甲酸正C7-C9-C11酯、邻苯二甲酸正辛基正癸基酯、邻苯二甲酸二(十三烷基)酯、邻苯二甲酸二异壬基酯、邻苯二甲酸二异辛基酯、邻苯二甲酸二异癸基酯、邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯、邻苯二甲酸二己基酯、邻苯二甲酸丁基辛基酯、邻苯二甲酸二辛基酯、间苯二甲酸二-2-乙基己基酯、邻苯二甲酸烷基苯基酯、邻苯二甲酸二甲基酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁基酯、邻苯二甲酸二异丁基酯、邻苯二甲酸丁基异癸基酯、邻苯二甲酸丁基异己基酯、邻苯二甲酸二壬基酯、邻苯二甲酸二异壬基酯、邻苯二甲酸二辛基酯、邻苯二甲酸己基辛基癸基酯、邻苯二甲酸二癸基酯、邻苯二甲酸二异癸基酯、邻苯二甲酸二(十一烷基)酯、邻苯二甲酸丁基-乙基己基酯、邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯、邻苯二甲酸辛基苄基酯、邻苯二甲酸二环己基酯、邻苯二甲酸二苯基酯、邻苯二甲酸烷基芳基酯和邻苯二甲酸2-乙基己基异癸基酯。
另外的增塑剂包括:松香衍生物、乙酸衍生物、己二酸衍生物(例如己二酸二-2-乙基己基酯、己二酸二异壬基酯、己二酸二异癸基酯)、壬二酸衍生物(例如壬二酸二-2-乙基己基酯)、苯甲酸衍生物、聚苯衍生物、柠檬酸衍生物、环氧衍生物(例如环氧化大豆油和环氧化亚麻子油)、甲缩醛衍生物、富马酸衍生物、戊二酸衍生物、二醇衍生物(例如二苯甲酸二丙二醇酯)等。
包括在组合物中的增塑剂的量可取决于待形成产物的期望特性。例如,较高的增塑剂水平可导致组合物的冷挠曲温度较低,伴随着强度和硬度的降低。一般而言,当增塑剂包括在组合物中时,其存在量可以介于约30份/100份树脂(phr)与约60份/100份树脂(phr)之间。
组合物还可包括至少一种IR反射颜料和IR透明颜料。IR反射颜料或IR透明颜料将显示出颜色,即,它将在介于约390nm与约750nm之间的可见光谱中具有吸收峰。另外,组合物将包括非白色颜料的IR反射或IR透明颜料。在一个实施方案中,IR反射颜料或IR透明颜料可以为黑色颜料。组合物还可包括多种不同的颜料。例如,组合物还可包括颜料的混合物,所述颜料包括非白色颜料和白色颜料。
当然,组合物可包括IR反射颜料和/或IR透明颜料的混合物以提供具有期望颜色和太阳能控制特性的涂层。而且,除了一种或多种有颜色的颜料之外,组合物还可包括一种或多种无色的IR反射颜料和/或IR透明颜料。同样地,颜料可在可见光谱中是透明的或不透明的。
一般而言,涂料可包括颜料,使得由组合物形成的涂层可为非白色涂层。举例来说,由组合物形成的固化涂层可具有小于约90、小于约70、小于约50、小于约30、小于约20,或小于约10的CIELABL*值,该值是在25°观察角下测得的。
如本文中所使用的,术语IR反射颜料一般是指当包括在组合物中时使固化涂层能够反射NIR辐射,即,具有约700至约2500纳米的波长的电磁辐射的颜料。举例来说,由包括一种或多种IR反射颜料的组合物形成的涂层显示出的太阳光反射率可比除了不包括IR反射颜料之外相似的涂层的太阳光反射率高出约10%、约15%,或约20%。在一个实施方案中,涂层和/或包括在衬底上的涂层的复合材料的UV/VIS/IR光谱可根据ASTME903-96测量。在一个实施方案中,可根据ASTME-891计算在约250至约2500纳米波长范围内的太阳光反射率。
IR反射颜料在NIR波长区中显示出的反射率可小于、等于或大于其在可见区中显示出的反射率。例如,在NIR区中的反射率与在可见区中的反射率的比率可大于1:1,例如约2:1,大于约3:1、大于约10:1,或大于约15:1。
如本领域中普遍已知的任何IR反射颜料都包括在本文中。例如,IR反射颜料可为无机氧化物颜料。示例性IR反射颜料可包括而不限于,二氧化钛、硫化锌、钛棕色尖晶石、氧化铬绿、氧化铁红、钛酸铬黄,和钛酸镍黄。
IR反射颜料可包括铝、铬、钴、铁、铜、锰、镍、银、金、铁、锡、锌、青铜、黄铜的金属和金属合金。金属合金尤其可包括锌-铜合金、锌-锡合金,和锌-铝合金。一些具体实例包括镍锑钛、镍铌钛、铬锑钛、铬铌、铬钨钛、铬铁镍、铬铁氧化物、氧化铬、钛酸铬、锰锑钛、锰铁氧体、铬绿黑、钛酸钴、亚铬酸盐(chromite),或磷酸盐、钴镁和矾石、氧化铁、铁钴铁氧体、铁钛、锌铁氧体、亚铬酸锌铁、亚铬酸铜,以及它们的组合。可购得的无机IR反射颜料包括以商品名和销售的那些,其全部可获自BASFCorporation,Southfield,Mich。其他无机IR反射颜料可获自TheShepherdColorCompanyofCincinnati,OhioandFerroofCleveland,Ohio。
如所提及的,透明和/或半透明IR反射颜料也可以掺入到所公开的组合物中。例如,可使用Solarflair9870颜料(可购自MerckKGaAofDarmstadt,Germany),其以少量使用时是半透明的并且是基本上无色的。
IR反射颜料可以为均质或异质的。例如,IR反射颜料可以为包括在芯材料上的涂层的复合材料,所述芯材料例如用诸如铜的金属涂覆的二氧化硅芯,或二氧化钛涂覆的云母颗粒。包括吸附在金属颗粒表面上的着色颜料的示例性复合颜料描述于Chida等人的美国专利第5,037,475号中,该专利以引用的方式并入本文。此类带颜色的金属颜料可购自U.S.Aluminum,Inc.,Flemington,N.J,商品名为FIREFLAKE.。
IR反射颜料的具体实例可包括来自BASF的YellowK1010、YellowK1011/K1011FG、YellowK1120FG、YellowK1160FG、YellowK2001FG、YellowK2011FG、YellowNBK2085、YellowK2111FG、YellowK2112FG、PlusBuff9379、PlusBuff9379FF、PlusBuff9399FF、Buff7302、PlusGolden9304、OrangeK2383、RedK2819、RedK2915、PlusRed-Buff9384、BrownK2595、BrownK2611、BrownK2711、BrownK2795FG、PlusBrown9730、PlusBrown9770、BrownNBK2755、BlueK6310、PlusBlue9538、GreenK9110、GreenK9710、PlusGreen9444、PlusBlack9875、PlusBlack9880、PlusBlack9887、PlusBlack9891、BlackK0095;来自ShepardColorCompany的Blue211、Blue214、Blue385、Blue424、Green187B、Green223、Green410、Green260、Yellow10P110、Yellow10P225、Yellow10P270、Brown10P857、Brown10P835、Brown10P850、Black10P922、Black411A;及来自Ferro的22-5091PK、22-5096PK、22-4050PK、21-4047PK、23-10408PK、26-10550PK、24-775PK、24-10204PK、24-10430PK、24-10466PK、V-9415Yellow、V-9416Yellow、10415GoldenYellow、10411GoldenYellow、10364Brown、10201EclipseBlack、V-780IRBRNBlack、10241ForestGreen、V-9248Blue、V-9250BrightBlue、F-5686Turquoise、10202EclipseBlack、V-13810Red、V-12600IRCobaltGreen、V-12650HiIRGreen、V-778IRBrnBlack、V-799BrnBlack、10203EclipseBlueBlack。
IR反射颜料的形状和尺寸没有特别限制。例如,颜料可为球形、无固定形状的棒状,或任何其他几何形状。
通常,IR反射颜料界定扁平片形状。片形状的颜料可具有例如多达约10微米(μm),例如介于约0.5μm与约10μm之间,或者介于约1μm与约5μm之间的厚度。在一个实施方案中,薄片状颗粒可具有介于约10μm与约150μm之间,例如,介于约20μm与约100μm之间的最大宽度。单独的扁平片可具有任何形状,例如,平直的表面、不平的表面、圆润或锯齿状边缘等。
当存在时,组合物可包括多达约50phr的量的一种或多种IR反射颜料。例如,组合物可包括介于约3phr与约40phr之间或介于约5phr与约15phr之间的量的一种或多种IR反射颜料。
除了一种或多种IR反射颜料之外或作为一种或多种IR反射颜料的替代,组合物可包括一种或多种IR透明颜料。如本文所使用的,术语IR透明颜料一般是指在近红外波长区(约700至约2500纳米)中基本上透明的颜料,例如Jakobi等人的美国专利申请公布第2004/0191540号中描述的颜料,该美国专利申请公布以引用的方式并入本文。IR透明颜料在NIR光谱中的平均透射率一般可为至少约70%。
IR透明颜料可以是带颜色或无色的并且可以是不透明或透明的。然而,一般而言,IR透明颜料可吸收可见光谱中的至少一种波长的光并且可为利用所述组合物形成的固化涂层提供颜色。例如,IR透明黑色颜料可以掺入在组合物中。
在一个实施方案中,IR透明颜料可显示出NIR光谱反射率。这种反射率可视波长而改变。例如,反射率的总数量可随着波长的增加而增加。举例来说,IR透明颜料可反射波长为约750nm的入射辐射的约10%,并且可反射波长为约900nm的入射辐射的约90%或更高。
IR透明颜料可包括而不限于,二萘嵌苯基颜料、酞菁基颜料、萘酞菁基颜料等。
二萘嵌苯基颜料是指包括如下一般结构的颜料:
术语二萘嵌苯基颜料意欲包括二萘嵌苯和萘嵌苯(rylene)以及其包含二萘嵌苯或萘嵌苯芯的离子和衍生物。如本文中所使用的术语萘嵌苯衍生物是指具有萘嵌苯芯的任何化合物。换句话说,萘嵌苯衍生物包括包含多环芳族烃(PAH)部分并且具有任何数量的取代萘嵌苯的任何外围氢原子的外围取代基的任何分子。当存在多于一个的外围取代基时,它们可以相同或不同。
二萘嵌苯颜料的可购得的实例包括,来自BASFCorporation的和颜料。IR透明颜料的另外的实例描述于以引用方式并入本文中的Denton等人的美国专利申请公布第2009/0098476号中,并且包括具有二萘嵌苯异二氢吲哚(isoindolene)结构、偶氮甲碱结构,和/或苯胺结构的那些。
酞菁基颜料是指具有如下一般结构的颜料:
术语酞菁基颜料意欲包括酞菁以及离子、金属酞菁、酞菁衍生物及它们的离子,及金属化酞菁衍生物。术语酞菁衍生物是指具有酞菁芯的任何化合物。换句话说,酞菁衍生物包括包含四苯并[b,g,l,q]-5,10,15,20-四氮杂卟啉部分并且具有任何数量的取代结合至酞菁部分的1、2、3、4、8、9、10、11、15、16、17、18、22、23、24或25位碳原子的任何外围氢原子的外围取代基的任何分子。当存在多于一个的外围取代基时,该外围取代基可以相同或不同。
术语萘酞菁基化合物是指具有如下一般结构的颜料:
术语萘酞菁基颜料意在指萘酞菁及其离子、金属萘酞菁、萘酞菁衍生物及其离子,及金属化萘酞菁衍生物。术语萘酞菁衍生物是指具有萘酞菁芯的任何化合物。换句话说,萘酞菁衍生物包括包含四萘并[b,g,l,q]-5,10,15,20-四氮杂卟啉部分并且具有任意数量的取代结合至萘酞菁部分碳原子的任何外围氢原子的外围取代基的任何分子。当存在多于一个的外围取代基时,该外围取代基可以相同或不同。
适用于本发明的酞菁、萘酞菁和萘嵌苯化合物包括任何红外吸收酞菁、萘酞菁或萘嵌苯化合物。
酞菁和萘酞菁化合物可,例如用包括钠、钾和锂的一价金属;用包括铜、锌、铁、钴、镍、钌、铑、钯、铂、锰、锡、钒和钙的二价金属;或者用三价金属、四价金属,或具有甚至更高化合价的金属金属化。
一般而言,任何金属化酞菁或萘酞菁化合物的电荷,除了含有二价金属的那些以外,将被常与金属离子轴向配位的带适当电荷的阳离子或阴离子平衡。合适的离子的实例包括而不限于,卤素阴离子、金属离子、氢氧阴离子、氧阴离子(O2-)和烷氧阴离子。
酞菁化合物可包括而不限于,1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-八丁氧基-29H,31H-酞菁三乙基硅氧化铝、1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-八丁氧基-29H,31H-酞菁铜(II)、1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-八丁氧基-29H,31H-酞菁镍(II)、1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-八丁氧基-29H,31H-酞菁、1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-八丁氧基-29H,31H-酞菁锌、2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-八(辛氧基)-29H,31H-酞菁铜(II)、2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-八(辛氧基)-29H,31H-酞菁、2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-八(辛氧基)-29H,31H-酞菁二氢氧化硅、2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-八(辛氧基)-29H,31H-酞菁锌,以及它们的混合物。
萘酞菁化合物可包括而不限于5,9,14,18,23,27,32,36-八丁氧基-2,3-萘酞菁三乙基硅氧化铝、5,9,14,18,23,27,32,36-八丁氧基-2,3-萘酞菁铜(II)、5,9,14,18,23,27,32,36-八丁氧基-2,3-萘酞菁镍(II)、5,9,14,18,23,27,32,36-八丁氧基-2,3-萘酞菁、5,9,14,18,23,27,32,36-八丁氧基-2,3-萘酞菁锌以及它们的混合物。
萘嵌苯化合物包括而不限于,描述于美国专利第5,405,962号、第5,986,099号、第6,124,458号、第6,486,319号、第6,737,159号、第6,878,825号,和第6,890,377号,及美国专利申请公布第2004/0049030号和第2004/006814号中的那些,这些参考文献全部以引用的方式并入本文。
可包括在组合物中的酞菁、萘酞菁和萘嵌苯IR透明颜料的另外的实例描述于Hayes等人的美国专利申请公布第2007/0228340号中,该美国专利申请公布以引用的方式并入本文。
其他IR透明颜料可包括而不限于,酞菁铜颜料,卤化酞菁铜颜料、蒽醌颜料、喹吖啶酮颜料、二萘嵌苯颜料、单偶氮颜料、二重氮颜料、喹啉并酞酮(quinophthalone)颜料、靛蒽醌颜料、二噁嗪颜料、透明氧化铁棕颜料、透明氧化铁红颜料、透明氧化铁黄颜料、镉橙颜料、群青蓝颜料、镉黄颜料、铬黄颜料、铝酸钴蓝颜料、亚铬酸钴蓝颜料、铁钛棕尖晶石颜料、锰锑钛浅黄色金红石颜料、亚铬酸锌铁棕尖晶石颜料、异二氢吲哚颜料、联苯胺黄颜料、溴化蒽噻酮(anthranthron)颜料等。
如可掺入在组合物中的IR透明颜料的具体实例包括来自BASF的YellowK0961HD、YellowK1700、YellowK1841、YellowK2270、DiaryiideYellow(不透明)1270、YellowK1220、Yellow8G1222、YellowR1226、YellowK1994、Yellow1292、Yellow1293、Yellow1296、Yellow3R1298、YellowHG6202、Yellow6204、Yellow6205、Yellow6207、Yellow6210、Yellow6213、Yellow6222、Yellow6223、Yellow6225、Yellow6226、Yellow6233、Yellow6234、Yellow6235、Yellow6261、Yellow6268、Yellow6290、Yellow6298、OrangeK2920、DianisidineOrange2915、Orange6103、Orange6106、Orange6112、Orange6113、OrangeY6114、OrangeRL6118、OrangeY6135、OrangeHL6136、Orange6139、OrangeG6164、Orange6170、RedK3580、RedK3911H、RedLightBarium1058、NaphtholRedLight3169、NaphtholRed3170、NaphtholRed3172、NaphtholRed3175、MadderLakeconc.1092、PigmentScarlet1060、RedK3790、RedK4350、Red1117、Pink1118、Scarlet6012、Red6016、Red6019、Red6054、Red6065、Red6069、Red6075、Transbarium2BRed1057、Magenta6062、Red6027、SupermaroonST1090、RedK4180、Violet1120、RedVioletK5011、BlueK6850、BlueK6902、BlueK6903、BlueK6907、BlueK6911D、BlueK6912D、BlueK7090、BlueK7104LW、GreenK8605、GreenK8683、GreenK8730Z、GreenK8740LW、GreenK9360、BlackFK4280、BlackFK4281。
对包括在组合物中的IR透明颜料颗粒的尺寸或形状没有特别限制。在一个实施方案中,可利用平均一次颗粒尺寸小于约200nm,例如小于约100nm、小于约50纳米或小于约30纳米的IR透明颜料。此类颜料颗粒已描述于Decker等人的美国专利申请公布第2008/0187708号中,该美国专利申请公布以引用的方式并入本文。此类小颗粒颜料可用于形成具有低雾度的涂层。然而,IR透明颜料颗粒不限于小的纳米级颗粒,并且在其他实施方案中,可利用较大的IR透明颜料颗粒。
一般而言,当存在时,组合物可包括多达约50phr的量的一种或多种IR透明颜料。例如,组合物可包括介于约3phr与约40phr之间或介于约5phr与约15phr之间的量的一种或多种IR透明颜料。
除了一种或多种如上面所讨论的IR反射或IR透明颜料之外,组合物还可包括另外的颜料。例如,在一个实施方案中,组合物可包括干涉颜料。如本文中所使用的术语干涉颜料是指具有多层结构的颜料,所述多层结构包括具有不同折射指数的材料的交替层。干涉颜料的实例包括,例如,包含涂覆有一个或多个例如二氧化钛、氧化铁、钛铁氧化物或氧化铬或它们的组合的层的云母、SiO2、Al2O3、TiO2、锌、铜、铬、镜化(mirrorized)二氧化硅、玻璃衬底的颜料,或包含金属和金属氧化物的组合,例如涂覆有氧化铁层的铝和/或二氧化硅或其混合物的颜料。
干涉颜料也可以显示出IR反射性质。当存在干涉颜料时,其可以以多达约50phr的量,例如多达约40phr的量,或介于约3phr与约15phr之间的量包括在组合物中。
其他更传统的颜料也可以掺入在组合物中。除了一种或多种IR反射或IR透明颜料之外,组合物中还可以包括,例如,一种或多种常规颜料,包括但不限于,ZnS、炭黑、Fe2O3红色颜料氧化铁,及化合物联苯胺、异吲哚啉酮、苯并咪唑酮、偶氮缩合产物(azocondensation)、喹啉并酞酮、淡铬红(primrosechrome)、氧化铁、钼酸盐、喹吖啶酮,和二酮基-吡咯并-吡咯等。
组合物中颜料的总量可视最终应用而改变。例如,在一个实施方案中,涂料组合物中所有颜料的总负载水平可以多达约50phr。然而,本文也可考虑了更高或更低的总颜料负载水平。
组合物可包括如本领域中普遍已知的另外的添加剂。例如,组合物可包括一种或多种填料、稳定剂、粘合促进剂、表面活性剂、润滑剂、阻燃剂、UV吸收剂,抗氧化剂等。其他添加剂可包括加工助剂、流动增强添加剂、润滑剂、冲击改性剂、分散剂、表面活性剂、螯合剂、耦合剂、粘合剂、底层涂料(primer)等。
具体添加剂的用量将取决于添加剂的类型和具体组合物及期望应用。例如,以组合物的总重量为基准,UV稳定剂水平可以以低至0.1重量%的水平使用。选择和优化添加剂的具体水平和类型的方法是本领域技术人员已知的。
在一个优选实施方案中,组合物可包括粘度降低剂。如先前所讨论的,由于获得期望的颜色需要高添加水平,IR透明和IR反射颜料经常带来困难。具体地,由此产生的组合物的粘度水平对于涂覆某些衬底,例如,纤维、纱线、线,或形成的织造或非织造织物的应用而言太高。因此,组合物可包括一种或多种粘度降低剂以提供如利用BrookfieldRTV在20rpm下测量时具有低于约5000cP、低于约2500cP,或低于约1500cP的粘度的组合物。
可利用任何合适的粘度降低剂或其组合。例如,粘度降低剂可包括如Crews等人的美国专利第7,347,266号中描述的矿物油,氢化聚-α-烯烃油和/或饱和脂肪酸,该美国专利以引用的方式并入本文。在一个实施方案中,可利用矿物油粘度降低剂。矿物油(也称为液体矿脂)是石油蒸馏生产汽油过程中的一种副产品。它是化学惰性的无色透明油,其主要由与白矿脂有关的各种分子量的直链、支化和环状烷烃(链烷烃)组成。矿物油产品通常通过蒸馏、氢化、加氢处理和其他精炼工艺高度精炼从而具有改进的性质,并且精炼的类型和数量因产品而异。矿物油的其他名称包括但不必限于:石蜡油(paraffinoil)、石蜡油(paraffinicoil)、润滑油、白矿物油,和白油。可包括在组合物中的粘度降低剂的一个具体实例为IsoparTM异链烷烃流体。
其他粘度降低剂可包括醚、醇、叔胺、醛、酮,以及适当地降低组合物的粘度而不破坏组合物或其任何组分的类似化合物。粘度降低剂包括而不限于,具有2至20个碳原子的脂族和脂环族醚,例如具有2至10个碳原子的直链醚,例如,二正烷基醚,包括二乙基醚和二丁基醚,及具有5至6个碳原子的环烷基醚,例如,四氢呋喃和四氢吡喃。还包括脂族和芳族醇,例如,乙醇、异丙醇和丁醇以及苯基醇、苄基醇,及具有20个或更少碳原子的其他醇。其他合适的试剂包括具有不超过约20个碳原子的有机化合物,例如,具有3至20个碳原子的叔烷基胺;醛,例如乙醛和苯甲醛;酮,例如甲乙酮和二乙酮以及苯乙酮。
当存在粘度降低剂时,其一般可以以多达约30phr,例如介于约5phr与约20phr之间,或介于约10phr与约15phr之间的量包括在组合物中。然而,其他添加水平同样包括在本文中。如所知的的,粘度降低剂的优选量可根据组合物的最终期望粘度来决定。
在一个实施方案中,组合物可包括稳定剂,例如,热稳定剂。任何已知的热稳定剂或热稳定剂混合物都包括在本文中。有用的热稳定剂包括酚类抗氧化剂、烷基化单苯酚、烷硫基甲基苯酚、氢醌、烷基化氢醌、生育酚、羟基化硫代二苯基醚、亚烷基双苯酚、O-、N-和S-苄基化合物、羟基苄基化丙二酸酯、芳族羟基苄基化合物、三嗪化合物、胺类(aminic)抗氧化剂、芳基胺、二芳基胺、多芳基胺、酰氨基苯酚、草酰胺、金属钝化剂、亚磷酸盐(phosphite)、亚膦酸盐(phosphonite)、苄基膦酸盐(benzylphosphonate)、抗坏血酸(维生素C)、破坏过氧化物的化合物、羟胺、硝酮、硫代增效剂、苯并呋喃酮、二氢吲哚酮等。一般地,当使用热稳定剂时,以组合物的总重量为基准,热稳定剂将以0.001重量%至10重量%,或小于约10phr,例如介于约2phr与约5phr之间的量存在于组合物中。
组合物可含有UV吸收剂或UV吸收剂的混合物。UV吸收剂的普通类别包括苯并三唑、羟基二苯甲酮、羟基苯基三嗪、经取代和未经取代的苯甲酸的酯等以及它们的混合物。本领域中已知的任何UV吸收剂均包括在本文中。当存在UV吸收剂时,以组合物的总重量计,组合物中可掺入约0.001重量%至约10.0重量%的UV吸收剂。
组合物中还可掺入有效量的受阻胺光稳定剂(HALS)。一般而言,HALS应被理解为仲、叔、乙酰化的、N-烃氧基取代的、羟基取代的N-烃氧基取代的,或其他取代的环状胺,该环状胺进一步具有某种程度的空间位阻,该空间位阻一般得自邻近胺官能团的碳原子的脂族取代。当存在HALS时,以组合物的总重量为基准,HALS可以以约0.001重量%至约10.0重量%的量包括在组合物中。
如普遍已知的阻燃剂也可以掺入在组合物中。例如,A.H.Landrocki,"HandbookofPlasticFlammabilityFuelandcombustionToxicology,"(NoyesPublication,1983)公开了防火剂/阻燃剂。用于塑料的阻燃剂遇热起作用从而产生比初始塑料难以点燃或者使得火焰不那么容易蔓延的产物。它们以一种或多种方式起作用,要么它们吸热,从而使得持续燃烧更加困难,要么它们形成不可燃的炭或涂层,该不可燃的炭或涂层使衬底与热隔离、除去氧气并减慢挥发性可燃热解碎片从衬底扩散的速率。用于塑料的阻燃剂也可以通过增强衬底的分解,从而加速它在较低温度下的熔化,使得它从火焰前缘滴落或流下来来起作用,以及通过使阻止或减慢火焰蔓延的产物演变来起作用。用于塑料的另一些阻燃剂可通过形成将聚合物转化成不太易燃的产物的自由基来起作用,以及通过经由涂覆树脂颗粒来除去可能燃烧位置处的氧气来起作用。
有用的防火剂可以有很大的不同。有用试剂的例证为此类材料,如金属氢氧化物和水合材料、碳酸盐、碳酸氢盐、硝酸盐水合物、金属卤化物水合物、硫酸盐水合物、高氯酸盐水合物、磷酸盐水合物、亚硫酸盐、亚硫酸氢盐、硼酸盐、高氯酸盐、氢氧化物、磷酸盐,和热分解形成氮的含氮化合物。
组合物还可包括分散剂。例如,组合物的颜料可作为分散体提供,然后可将该分散体与组合物的其他组分组合在一起。分散剂可包括例如,通常的分散剂,例如基于一种或多种芳基磺酸/甲醛缩合产物或基于一种或多种水溶性烷基氧化苯酚的水溶性分散剂、非离子分散剂或聚合酸。芳基磺酸/甲醛缩合产物可例如通过使芳族化合物,例如萘自身或含萘混合物磺化,并随后使由此产生的芳基磺酸与甲醛缩合来获得。此类分散剂是已知的并且描述于例如Babler的美国专利第6,989,056号和Brueckmann等人的美国专利第5,186,846号中,这些参考文献以引用的方式并入本文中。合适的烷基氧化苯酚同样是已知的,并且描述于例如Daubach等人的美国专利第4,218,218号中,该专利以引用的方式并入本文。合适的非离子分散剂为,例如,烯化氧加合物、乙烯基吡咯烷酮的聚合产物、乙酸乙烯酯或乙烯醇以及乙烯基吡咯烷酮与乙酸乙烯酯和/或乙烯醇的共聚物或三元共聚物。
分散剂可以为无规或结构化聚合物分散剂。无规聚合物包括丙烯酸类聚合物和苯乙烯-丙烯酸类聚合物。结构化分散剂包括AB、BAB和ABC嵌段共聚物、支化聚合物和接枝聚合物。有用的结构化聚合物公开于例如Ma等人的美国专利第5,085,698号和Chu等人的美国专利第5,231,131号及Ma等人的欧洲专利申请EP0556649中,这些参考文献都以引用的方式并入本文。用于非水性颜料分散体的典型分散剂的实例包括以以下商品名销售的那些:Disperbyk(BYK-Chemie,USA)、Solsperse(Avecia)和EFKA(EFKAChemicals)聚合物分散剂。
组合物的组分可根据如本领域中普遍已知的标准方法组合。例如,包括树脂、颜料和任何另外的添加剂(增塑剂、粘度降低剂、阻燃剂等)的熔融物或溶液形式的组合物可根据标准形成工艺形成。在一个实施方案中,可利用高能混合装置,任选地在升高的温度下,形成组合物。如所知的,组合物的组分可以任何顺序组合。例如,在形成包括树脂珠或树脂片、颜料等的固体组分的熔融物或溶液之前可首先将该组分组合,如组合在球磨机中,并添加任何液体组分,例如,粘度降低剂。
在形成后,可进一步加工组合物以形成建筑开口用覆盖物,所述建筑开口包括而不限于窗户、拱门、门道等。
在一个实施方案中,可模塑组合物或使其以其他方式成形从而形成用于形成覆盖物的材料。例如,可将组合物以膜或片材形式挤出,使其任选地与其他膜层合,并将其施加到衬底,例如窗户或窗户覆盖物上。
组合物的膜或片材可通过任何合适的工艺制备。薄膜例如可通过如Barham等人的美国专利第4,427,614号中描述的压缩模塑、通过如Martini等人的美国专利第4,880,592号中描述的熔融挤出、通过如Locks等人的美国专利第5,525,281号中描述的熔喷法(melt-blowing)形成(这些参考文献都以引用的方式并入本文),或者通过其他合适的工艺,例如刀片涂覆形成。聚合物片材可以通过例如挤出、压延、溶液浇铸或注塑形成。本领域普通技术人员将可以基于聚合物组合物及基于用于片材或膜形成的方法鉴定适当的工艺参数。
当使用熔融加工方法,例如挤出或注塑时,组合物的熔融加工温度可为约50℃至约300℃,例如约100℃至约250℃。
膜构建体形成后,可对其进行进一步加工。形成后加工可包括而不限于,成形、将膜吹成不同尺寸、机械加工、冲压、拉伸或取向、滚轧、压延、涂覆、压印、印刷和诸如E-束处理的辐射,以增大维卡软化点。例如,使通过任何方法形成的膜和片材单轴或双轴取向,这通过在形成后根据任何合适的方法在机器方向和横向之一或二者方向上拉伸所述膜和片材来实现。
由组合物形成的膜或片材可具有形成在一个或两个表面上用于保护一个(多个)层免受划伤、磨蚀及类似的损伤的硬涂层。可采用任何合适的硬涂层制剂。一种硬涂层描述于Clark的美国专利第4,027,073号中,该专利以引用的方式并入本文。
组合物的膜或片材可与其他膜组合从而形成多层层合物。多层结构可通过任何合适的方式形成,所述方式例如共挤出、吹塑薄膜、浸涂、溶液涂覆、刀片、搅炼(puddle)、气刀、印刷、Dahlgren、凹版印刷、柔版印刷、粉末涂覆、喷涂、层压,或其他技术方法。可通过例如热、粘合剂和/或连结层来使各个层接合在一起。
用作另外的膜层的膜包括取向和未取向的聚酯膜、聚碳酸酯膜、聚氨酯膜,和聚氯乙烯膜。在一个实施方案中,另外的膜层为双轴取向的聚(对苯二甲酸乙二酯)。用作另外的片材层的片材可包括包含聚乙烯醇缩丁醛组合物、隔音聚乙烯醇缩乙醛组合物、隔音聚乙烯醇缩丁醛组合物、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯组合物、热塑性聚氨酯组合物、聚氯乙烯共聚物组合物和乙烯酸共聚物组合物以及由其衍生的离聚物的片材。
在一个实施方案中,膜或片材可在玻璃片上成层。如本文中所使用的术语“玻璃”包括窗户玻璃,板玻璃,硅酸盐玻璃,片玻璃,浮法玻璃,着色玻璃,可例如包括用于控制太阳能加热的成分的特种玻璃,用溅射的金属如银涂覆的玻璃,例如用锑锡氧化物(ATO)和/或铟锡氧化物(ITO)涂覆的玻璃,E-玻璃,SolexTM玻璃(PPGIndustriesofPittsburgh,Pa.)和ToroglassTM。典型的玻璃片为90密耳厚的退火平板玻璃。
替代地,刚性片材可为由聚碳酸酯、丙烯酸类、聚丙烯酸酯、环状聚烯烃、茂金属催化的聚苯乙烯以及它们的混合物或组合构成的刚性聚合物片材。一般而言,刚性片材对于可见光辐射可以是透明的。
本文还公开了有益地掺有所公开的组合物的NIR反射纺织品。术语“纺织品”在本文被定义为包括通过使纱线、多丝纤维、单丝纤维,或其一些组合交织产生的任何结构。纺织品一般可为平面结构或者可经操纵而形成更高维数的几何结构。纺织品可包括掺有如本文所公开的组合物的预定、组织和交织模式的,在本文称为织造或针织织物(即,根据织造和/或针织工艺形成的织物)的纤维,或者可任选地包括无规模式的纤维(非织造织物),或者是在单向预浸渍织物中,其中多个单向纤维排列并保持在聚合物粘合剂的基体中。
根据一个实施方案,纺织品的连续纤维或短纤维可由NIR反射组合物形成。该纤维然后可形成适合在建筑开口用覆盖物中使用的织造或非织造纺织品(任选地具有其他类型的纤维)。例如,可根据已知纤维形成技术对组合物进行熔融加工或溶液加工从而形成纤维,然后可利用该纤维形成纺织品。替代地,可剥离(stripped)如上面所描述的组合物的膜或片材从而形成丝、纤维或连续纱线,其可按照形成时的原样加以使用或可被任选地组合,例如加捻从而形成纱线。然后可形成包括该纤维的织造或非织造纺织品。
根据另一个实施方案,没有用组合物形成均匀纤维或膜,而是利用组合物涂覆衬底。具体地,组合物可涂覆用于形成建筑开口用覆盖物的衬底。衬底可包括,例如,由聚合物组合物(例如聚酯)、木材、金属(例如,铝)和纺织品衬底形成的那些。纺织品衬底的实例可包括而不限于,丝、纤维、纱线、线、针织物、织造物、非织造物,以及由一个或多个彼此附连的单独纺织品部分形成的产品。
在一个实施方案中,衬底可由高IR反射率材料,例如玻璃、木材或聚酯形成。例如,可将包括一种或多种IR透明或IR反射颜料的组合物涂覆在IR反射纱线,例如由玻璃纤维形成的纱线上,并且由经涂覆纱线形成的纺织品可显示出改进的NIR反射和非白色的颜色。在另一个实施方案中,可将组合物涂覆在由IR反射材料如木材,IR反射聚合物材料,金属等形成的门、挡板(blind)、遮板(shutter)等上,并且该产品可显示出改进的NIR反射。
在一个优选实施方案中,组合物可涂覆可用于形成织造或非织造纺织品的芯纤维结构。
经涂覆纤维构建体的芯可包括本领域已知的任何常规材料,包括而不限于,金属纤维;玻璃纤维、纤维玻璃纱线,例如E-玻璃、A-玻璃、C-玻璃、D-玻璃、AR-玻璃、R-玻璃、S1-玻璃、S2-玻璃;碳纤维如石墨;硼纤维;陶瓷纤维,例如氧化铝或二氧化硅;芳纶纤维,例如由E.I.duPontdeNemours,Wilmington,Del.销售的合成有机纤维,例如聚酯、聚烯烃、聚酰胺、聚乙烯、对亚苯基(paraphenylene)、对苯二甲酰胺、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯和聚苯硫醚;以及各种其他已知可用于形成建筑开口用覆盖物的天然或合成的无机或有机纤维材料,例如纤维素、石棉、棉花等。
复合纤维结构的芯可为单丝,例如,单玻璃丝,或者可为包括多个组合在一起的单独丝的多丝构建体。例如,芯丝可为由多个玻璃或聚合物丝形成的纱线。
如本文中所使用的术语“纱线”是指适合于针织、织造或以其他方式编结从而形成纺织织物的形式的一种或多种纺织纤维、丝或材料的连续缕条。纱线可以以下形式中的任一种出现:许多加捻在一起的纤维或丝;许多排布在一起而未加捻的丝;许多排布在一起并具有一定程度的加捻的丝;加捻或不加捻的单条丝;或者加捻或不加捻的窄材料带(例如,纸、聚合物膜、金属)。术语“纱线”也包括由短纤维形成的精纺纱(spunyarn)。短纤维为天然纤维或具有切割长度的丝。制造的短纤维被切割至某个长度,一般为约1英寸至约8英寸。
如本文中所使用的,术语“丝”一般是指单股细长材料,并且术语“纤维”一般是指可由单条或多条丝形成的任何细长结构。因此,在某些实施方案中,术语丝和纤维可互换使用,但不一定如此,并且在其他实施方案中,纤维可由多条单独的丝形成。
多丝纱线可根据任何标准实践形成。例如,所形成的丝中的每一条可利用上浆剂等加以处理,之后进行组后从而形成多丝构建体。举例来说,用于形成加捻玻璃多丝纱线的各条玻璃丝的表面处理已利用特定上浆剂进行从而阻止在加工过程中丝断裂(参见,例如,Wu等 人的美国专利第5,038,555号,其以引用的方式并入本文)。
一旦形成纱线(多丝或单丝),便可根据已知方法用如本文所公开的组合物涂覆该纱线,所述已知方法包括而不限于,挤出、绞合线涂覆(strandcoating)等。例如,可使芯纱线穿过模头,围绕着组合物的皮芯外围递送。一种此种涂覆方法描述于Ahmed等人的美国专利申请公布第2007/0015426号中,该美国专利申请公布以引用的方式并入本文。经涂覆纱线可通过本领域中已知的多种技术固化,所述技术包括热、IR辐射、光活化、e-束或其他辐射型固化,以及其他。优选的固化方法一般可取决于组合物的树脂。在经涂覆纱线固化后,可将其从轧辊中拉出,之后将其缠绕在络纱机上用于后期加工。
利用相同或不同的涂料组合物重复执行涂覆过程从而形成多层产品。例如,可用相同的涂料组合物涂覆纱线多次从而增加太阳能特性(solarcharacteristics)和/或从而提供较厚的总涂层。也可以在多个涂覆层中利用不同的组合物,例如从而为成品提供可感知的颜色,从而在数个低粘度组合物应用中提供期望浓度的涂覆材料等。
根据一个实施方案,第一涂覆层可形成在衬底上,其显示出高反射率,而第二涂覆层可形成在位于第一涂覆层上方的衬底上,其可显示出期望的颜色并且显示出与第一层相比较低的IR反射率和/或较高的IR透明度。例如,第一涂覆层可包括相对大量的高反射率颜料,例如白色颜料,并且第二外涂覆层可包括IR透明和或IR反射颜料(以及其他较传统颜料)从而给复合材料提供期望的颜色。
显示出高IR反射率的第一内层的引入可增大衬底的总反射率。也显示出IR反射率并且可包括一种或多种IR反射和/或IR透明颜料(其中的至少一种为非白色颜料)的第二层可为经涂覆衬底提供期望的颜色,并且可增强经涂覆衬底的IR反射率和/或透明度。
例如,当考虑诸如纱线或纤维的纤维衬底时,具有高IR反射率的内部第一层可增大纤维的高反射率表面积。该内层也可显示出很小或无IR透明度。在衬底上加入显示出IR反射率和/或IR透明度并且还包括非白色的IR反射和/或透明颜料的第二层可为高IR反射率和/或IR透明度的复合材料提供多种多样的非白色颜色中的任一种颜色。
如前面所提及的,用于组合物中的许多颜料,例如,许多IR反射颜料很容易磨蚀,这阻止了此类颜料作为纺织品衬底,例如纱线、纤维和形成的织物的涂料的应用。本文还公开了解决这一问题的方法和经涂覆衬底。根据这个实施方案,衬底可包括在其上的至少两个涂覆层,使得包括磨蚀添加剂,例如磨蚀IR反射颜料的涂覆层不紧邻衬底芯。例如,可使用可包括非磨蚀IR透明颜料的第一组合物涂覆玻璃纤维纱线。接着,可使用可包括磨蚀IR反射颜料的第二组合物涂覆该纤维。
第一组合物可包括IR透明和/或反射颜料,可包括较传统的颜料,或者可完全不包括颜料。更具体地,应理解,内层,例如,紧邻芯衬底(例如,纤维、织造或非织造纺织品)的层可由如本文所公开的组合物形成或者需要时可由不同的组合物形成。例如,第一层可由包括传统颜料或替代地完全不包括颜料的塑料溶胶形成,而后续层可包括磨蚀颜料。在一个实施方案中,第一层可由具有很少或不具有带较深颜色的IR反射和/或透明颜料的高反射率组合物形成,而第二组合物可包括一种或多种磨蚀性IR反射和/或透明颜料。
当考虑形成衬底上包括多个涂覆层的复合材料时,可根据与第一内涂覆层相同的涂覆工艺,或者需要时根据不同的方法形成第二外涂覆层(或任何额外层)。例如,可根据外围挤出工艺给多股纤维玻璃纱线涂覆第一层,并且在固化后根据浸涂方法在该纤维上涂覆第二层。
可利用任何衬底执行类似的多层涂覆工艺,所述衬底包括纤维或形成的非织造或织造纺织产品。例如,在形成掺有纱线的纺织品之后,可给该纺织品涂覆多个层从而使得掺有磨蚀颜料的组合物不紧邻所形成的纺织品,使得一个或多个内层显示出高IR反射率,或者可给该纺织品涂覆相同涂料组合物的多个涂覆层。
可对掺有所公开的组合物的纱线进行织造从而形成纺织品。织造纺织品可在经纱、纬纱中包括此种纱线,或者在所形成的纺织品的这两个方向都包括此种纱线。而且,除了所公开的纱线类型之外,经纱和/或纬纱还可包括其他纱线。将更详细地描述示例性织造织物制造工艺中的各个步骤。倒轴(Beaming)(或整经(warping))是织造织物形成中的常见的中间步骤,其中将大量单独的纱线平行地汇聚在一起并将其包缠在称为经轴的圆筒上,为运输到织机上作准备。分条整经是两部分过程。在第一部分中,将相对少量的经线在指定的距离内卷绕到旋转滚筒上。因为纱线卷绕在滚筒周围,因此滚筒横向移动,即,垂直于传入纱线的方向移动,并且允许纱线累积在滚筒一端上的锥形表面上。在包缠指定长度的纱线后,将纱线切断并打结(tiedoff),让小纱线条带存留。将这个过程重复许多次直至从筒子架拉出期望幅宽的纱线。在称作倒轴(beamingoff)的第二部分过程中,从滚筒上拉出经纱条带并将其卷绕在经轴上。当生产相对短的长度的织物或具有宽幅宽的致密织造的织物时,分条整经具有实用和经济意义,因为它减少所需要的总筒子数目并且增大筒子的尺寸。
在整经和倒轴步骤中,利用用于纱线张紧和电子终端站检测能力的中央控制的弹簧加载的轧辊系统(例如,Eitex型号17820Mini-SMG121)将纱线定位在分条整经筒子架(例如,Benninger型号100522)上。使从筒子架上拉出的纱线通过张紧器、停止运动检测器和筘(reed),并将其卷绕在分条整经机(例如Hacoba型号USK1000E-SM)的滚筒上。将该纱线倒轴到经轴上。可使用如本领域中已知的一系列加工条件产生用于织物生产的经轴,并且可以根据纱线的确切性质(例如,尺寸、形状、涂料材料等)、织物规格和织造设备,使用其他类型的整经设备、润滑剂或整经技术(直接整经等)。
需要时,可经由经编针织或纬编针织形成IR反射针织织物。如所知的,线性经编织机设有多个杆,这些杆设计用于承载多个通常称为导线器的线保持元件。可移动该杆,以使得能够将与此类导线器相关联的线正确地喂给针织机的针上以便形成新织物。为了完成它的针织任务,导线杆作两种基本运动:通常称为“横移”的在每个针的钩的前部和后部进行的线性运动,及通常称为“摇动”的在每个针的侧部上用于使线交替地位于针钩前后的摆动运动。还已知提花型导线杆,其设有提花装置,该提花装置使得能够相对于所述杆的横移运动在相同或相反的方向上将每个导线器单独移动额外的针距。
在纬编针织机中,在水平方向上产生线圈。纬编针织机一般设有安装在例如针床纵向的一端侧的侧盖上的纱线喂给机,以便从纱线喂给部件的纱线喂给端口向针织针喂给针织纱线。纱线喂给机包括缓冲杆,该缓冲杆可暂时性地贮存针织纱线并且可向针织纱线施加张力。
可利用任何类型的针织机,包括而不限于纬编针织织物机,其中织物被针织成具有连续、未中断长度的恒定幅宽;计件针织机(garmentslengthmachine),其具有用于协调在纵列方向(waledirection)上的在具有结构重复顺序的生产中的针织动作的额外控制装置;横机;圆机等。
本文所包括的非织造纺织品包括任何类型的非织造织物,例如,熔喷网(meltblownweb)、纺粘网(spunbondweb)等。熔喷非织造网可通过如下工艺形成:将熔融的热塑性材料(例如如本文所公开的组合物)挤出通过多个细小的、通常圆形的模头毛细管,作为熔融纤维进入到会聚的高速度气体流(例如空气流)中,该气体流使熔融热塑性材料纤维变细从而减小它们的直径,该直径可以是微纤维直径。此后,熔喷纤维被高速度气体流携带并且沉积在收集表面上从而形成无规分布的熔喷纤维。此种工艺公开在例如Butin等人的美国专利第3,849,241号中,该专利以引用的方式完整地并入本文用于所有目的。
纺粘网一般是指包括小直径的基本连续的纤维的非织造网。该纤维可通过如下方法形成:将熔融的热塑性材料从多个细小的、通常圆形的喷丝板毛细管中挤出,然后例如通过牵引拉伸和/或其他熟知的纺粘机制快速降低被挤出的纤维的直径。纺粘网的生产描述并举例说明于例如Appel等人的美国专利第4,340,563号、Dorschner等人的美国专利第3,692,618号、Matsuki等人的美国专利第3,802,817号、Kinney的美国专利第3,338,992号、Kinney的美国专利第3,341,394号、Hartman的美国专利第3,502,763号、Levy的美国专利第3,502,538号、Dobo等人的美国专利第3,542,615号,及Pike等人的美国专利第5,382,400号中,这些参考文献以引用的方式完整地并入本文。
所形成的包括如本文所公开的组合物的覆盖物与常规颜料组合物相比较可反射更多的NIR,并且可改进利用所述覆盖物的建筑物的能量消耗。例如,包括所公开的组合物的窗户覆盖物可反射照射的NIR的超过约15%,例如大于约25%、大于约50%或大于约70%。在一个实施方案中,窗户覆盖物可反射照射的太阳光辐射的NIR辐射的约25%至约75%,或约50%至约75%。在一个实施方案中,窗户覆盖物可反射总照射的太阳光辐射的超过约30%,或大于约40%。可掺入所公开的组合物的本文所包括的覆盖物可包括而不限于,遮窗罩和遮门罩、百叶窗、遮蓬、遮篷帷幔、遮天窗罩、遮日光室/日光浴室罩、帐帘和窗帘等。
可以参考下面的实施例更好地理解本公开。
实施例1
如下表1中所描述的那样制备PVC基塑料溶胶,所有浓度都以phr(每100份树脂的份数)提供。形成具有三种不同颜色的六种不同的组合物。对于每种颜色,一种组合物包括至少一种IR透明或IR反射颜料,而另一种组合物仅包括常规颜料。
表1
所利用的具体组分包括:
PVC树脂-PS1070与PB1302的40/60w/w混合物,这两种物质都得自Arkema。
增塑剂-L9P,线性邻苯二甲酸酯增塑剂,得自BASF。
稳定剂-Ba,Zn混合稳定剂,得自Acros
颜料-全部得自Toncee,Inc.ofSmyrna,Georgia,USA
TPK103–分散在邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯(DINP)中的黑色IR透明颜料
TPK104–分散在DINP中的黑色IR透明颜料
TPR143–分散在DINP中的红色IR透明颜料
TPY82-分散在DINP中的黄色IR透明颜料
TPW12-分散在DINP中的白色颜料
TPK82-炭黑分散在DINP中的颜料
TPS196-炭黑分散在DINP中的颜料
TPN174-炭黑分散在DINP中的颜料
润滑剂-SiAk,得自WackerChemieAG
阻燃剂-WhiteStarN三氧化锑,得自CampineCompanyofBelgium
粘度降低剂-得自ExxonMobilChemical
为了制备组合物,将表1中针对每个实验列出的材料混合2小时。接着,通过绞合线涂覆工艺涂覆得自Saint-GobainVetrotex的ECG150多丝纤维玻璃。涂层厚度为50-100μm,并通过经由模头运送纱线来调节涂层厚度。在涂覆后,通过将经涂覆纱线送往烘箱来在180℃下进行固化。使用剑杆织机对纤维进行织造从而形成织物并在160℃下进行热定形。使用具有5%开孔因子的方平组织。
利用用实验3或实验4的组合物涂覆的纤维玻璃纱线作为经纱并利用用实验1-6之一的组合物涂覆的纤维玻璃纱线作为纬纱来形成织物。使用带有积分球的PerkinElmerLAMDA950UV/Vis/NIR分光光度计利用白色背景测量这六种织物中的每一种的太阳光谱,并根据ASTME-891计算在约300至约2500纳米的波长范围内的太阳光反射率。结果在下表2中给出。
表2
图1比较了三种不同织物在300nm至2500nm内的总太阳光反射率:
(a)经纱-用实验3的组合物涂覆
纬纱-用实验3的组合物涂覆
(b)经纱-用实验3的组合物涂覆
纬纱-用实验4的组合物涂覆
(c)经纱-用实验4的组合物涂覆
纬纱-用实验4的组合物涂覆
图2比较了三种不同织物在300nm至2500nm内的总太阳光反射率:
(a)经纱-用实验3的组合物涂覆
纬纱-用实验5的组合物涂覆
(b)经纱-用实验3的组合物涂覆
纬纱-用实验6的组合物涂覆
(c)经纱-用实验4的组合物涂覆
纬纱-用实验6的组合物涂覆
图3示出三种不同织物在300nm至2500nm内的总太阳光反射率:
(a)经纱-用实验3的组合物涂覆
纬纱-用实验1的组合物涂覆
(b)经纱-用实验3的组合物涂覆
纬纱-用实验2的组合物涂覆
(c)经纱-用实验4的组合物涂覆
纬纱-用实验2的组合物涂覆
如可以看出的,仅由用如本文所公开的组合物涂覆的纤维玻璃形成的深色织物可显示出超过80%的NIR反射率。仅利用常规纱线的织物显示出低得多的NIR反射率,而组合这两种类型的纱线的织物显示出介于其他两种之间的反射率。
实施例2
如下表3中所描述的那样制备PVC基塑料溶胶。所有浓度都以phr提供。
表3
除了如下的颜料之外,所利用的具体组分与上文实施例1中指示的组分相同:
颜料-全部得自BASF
FK4280–黑色IR透明颜料
REDK3580–红色IR透明颜料
黑色S0084–黑色IR透明颜料
图4示出数种不同织物的IR图像,包括如在图中编号的从左至右的织物。
1.在经纱和纬纱中使用聚酯纱线。
2.在经纱和纬纱中使用聚酯纱线。
3.在经纱和纬纱中都使用白色纱线,其中白色颜料为ZnS。
4.在经纱和纬纱中都使用黑色纱线,其中黑色颜料为炭黑。
5.在经纱和纬纱中都使用黑色纱线,其中这两种纱线都包括NIR反射纱线。
6.具有铝涂覆的背衬黑色纱线的黑色织物,其中经纱和纬纱都使用炭黑作为颜料。
7.具有铝涂覆的背衬的黑色织物,其中经纱和纬纱都使用炭黑作为颜料。
如可以看出的,与其他由炭黑制成的较传统的织物相比较,利用用所公开的组合物涂覆的纤维玻璃纱线形成的黑色织物(图4中的织物5)在IR下仍然要凉爽得多。
实施例3
如下表4中所描述的那样制备PVC基塑料溶胶。所有浓度都以phr(每100份树脂的份数)提供。形成具有三种不同颜色的六种不同的组合物。对于每种颜色,一种组合物包括至少一种IR透明或IR反射颜料,而另一种组合物仅包括常规颜料。
表4
所利用的具体组分包括:
PVC树脂-PS1070与PB1302的40/60w/w混合物,这两种物质都得自Arkema。
增塑剂-L9P,线性邻苯二甲酸酯增塑剂,得自BASF。
稳定剂-Ba,Zn混合稳定剂,得自Acros
颜料-全部都得自Toncee,Inc.ofSmyrna,Georgia,USA
TPK103–分散在邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯(DINP)中的黑色IR透明颜料
TPK104–分散在DINP中的黑色IR透明颜料
TPK105–分散在DINP中的黑色IR透明颜料
TPR143-分散在DINP中的红色IR透明颜料
TPY82-分散在DINP中的黄色IR透明颜料
TPW12-分散在DINP中的白色颜料
TPK82-炭黑分散在DINP中的颜料
TPS196-炭黑分散在DINP中的颜料
TPN174-炭黑分散在DINP中的颜料
润滑剂–SiAk,得自WackerChemieAG
阻燃剂-WhiteStarN三氧化锑,得自CampineCompanyofBelgium
粘度降低剂-得自ExxonMobilChemical
为了制备组合物,将表3中针对每种组合物列出的材料混合2小时。接着,在每个层中使用表4所列组合物中的一种或多种,按照绞合线涂覆工艺涂覆得自Saint-GobainVetrotex的ECG150多丝纤维玻璃从而得到两个涂覆层。涂层厚度为50-100μm,并通过使纱线通过模头来调节涂层厚度。在涂覆时,施加第一涂覆层,然后通过将经涂覆纱线送往烘箱来在烘箱中于180℃下进行固化。在烘箱出口处,施加第二层,然后在第二烘箱中于180℃下进行固化。接着,将硬固化纱线在冷冻水浴中冷却下来并且卷绕到筒子上。使用剑杆织机织造纱线从而形成织物,并在160℃下进行热定形。使用具有3%开孔因子的方平组织。
利用在第一和第二层中的分别用7号和3号组合物涂覆,或者在两个层中的用4号组合物涂覆的纤维玻璃纱线作为经向纤维,并且利用用具有组合物1-7的表4中的一种或多种组合物涂覆的纤维玻璃纱线作为纬纱来形成织物。经纱和纬纱的组合物根据涂覆工艺中层1和层2使用的组合物来变化,并且在表5中以x-x形式给出,其中x可在1-7内变化。例如,在经纱被报告为7-3的情况下,第一层利用如表4中所描述的组合物7形成,并且第二层利用如表4中所描述的组合物3形成。根据ASTME903-96使用带有积分球的PerkinElmerLAMBDA950UV/Vis/NIR分光光度计使用黑色印记测量这些织物中的每一种的太阳光谱,并且根据ASTME-891计算在约300至约2500纳米的波长范围内的太阳光反射率。结果在下表5中给出。
表5
本领域普通技术人员可实践本发明的这些和其他修改和变化,而不背离在所附权利要求书中更详细阐述的本发明的精神和范围。另外,应理解,各种实施方案的方面可全部或部分地互换。此外,本领域普通技术人员应理解,前述描述仅为实例,而不是要限制在所附权利要求书中进一步描述的本发明。
Claims (28)
1.一种建筑开口用覆盖物,其包含:
固化的聚合物组合物,其包含聚合物树脂和非白色颜料,所述颜料为红外反射颜料或红外透明颜料,所述固化的聚合物组合物具有在25°观察角下测量的小于90的CIELABL*值,所述覆盖物反射照射的介于700nm与2500nm之间的太阳辐射的超过15%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的覆盖物,其中所述固化的聚合物组合物为在衬底上的第一涂覆层。
3.根据权利要求2所述的覆盖物,其中所述衬底为纤维构建体或木材、金属或聚合物衬底或纺织品。
4.根据权利要求3所述的覆盖物,其中所述金属为铝。
5.根据权利要求3所述的覆盖物,其中所述聚合物为聚氯乙烯。
6.根据权利要求1所述的覆盖物,其中所述固化的聚合物组合物为在衬底上的第二涂层,所述覆盖物进一步包含介于所述衬底与所述第二涂层之间的第一涂层。
7.根据权利要求6所述的覆盖物,其中所述第一涂层包含一种或多种白色或非白色IR反射颜料。
8.根据权利要求6所述的覆盖物,其中所述第一涂层的IR反射率高于所述第二涂层的IR反射率。
9.根据权利要求6所述的覆盖物,其中所述第二涂层的非白色颜料为无机红外反射颜料。
10.根据权利要求2所述的覆盖物,其中所述纤维构建体包括一种或多种纤维,所述纤维包含玻璃纤维、聚酯纤维、聚烯烃纤维、天然纤维,或其组合,其中所述一种或多种纤维为单丝或多丝纤维或其组合。
11.根据权利要求10所述的覆盖物,其中所述天然纤维为棉花。
12.根据权利要求2所述的覆盖物,其中所述纤维构建体包括单丝纱线或多丝纱线。
13.根据权利要求2所述覆盖物,其中所述纤维构建体包括短纤纱。
14.根据权利要求1-13中的任一项所述的覆盖物,其中所述覆盖物为窗户覆盖物。
15.根据权利要求1-13中的任一项所述的覆盖物,其中所述覆盖物反射照射的介于700nm与2500nm之间的太阳辐射的超过50%,和/或反射所有照射的太阳辐射的超过25%。
16.根据权利要求9所述的覆盖物,其中所述非白色颜料为黑色颜料和/或包含铝。
17.一种形成根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的覆盖物的方法,所述方法包括:
将所述聚合物树脂与所述非白色颜料混合从而形成组合物,所述颜料为红外反射颜料或红外透明颜料;
调节所述组合物的粘度,使得如利用BrookfieldRTV在20rpm下测量时所述组合物具有低于5000cP,或低于2500cP的粘度;
用所述组合物涂覆衬底;以及
使所述组合物固化。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其中所述组合物包括浓度等于或小于50份/100份所述聚合物树脂的非白色颜料。
19.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其进一步在所述组合物中包含粘度降低剂。
20.根据权利要求17至19中的任一项所述的方法,其中所述聚合物树脂包含反应性单体或低聚体组分,在使所述组合物固化的步骤期间所述单体或低聚体组分发生聚合。
21.一种用于涂覆建筑开口部件的组合物,所述组合物包含:
聚合物树脂;以及
非白色颜料,所述颜料为红外反射颜料或红外透明颜料;其中
如利用BrookfieldRTV在20rpm下测量时所述组合物具有低于5000cP,或低于2500cP的粘度,并且所述固化的组合物具有在25°观察角下测量的小于90,或小于70的CIELABL*值。
22.根据权利要求21所述的组合物,其进一步包含增塑剂、粘度降低剂,或阻燃剂中的一种或多种。
23.根据权利要求21所述的组合物,其中所述树脂为在水性介质中的乳液形式。
24.根据权利要求21至23中的任一项所述的组合物,其中所述聚合物树脂为聚氯乙烯树脂、聚烯烃树脂、聚酯树脂、聚氨酯树脂、聚丙交酯树脂、丙烯酸树脂,或它们的混合物。
25.根据权利要求21至23中的任一项所述的组合物,其进一步包含另外的颜料。
26.根据权利要求25所述的组合物,其中所述另外的颜料为干涉颜料或炭黑。
27.根据权利要求21至23中的任一项所述的组合物,其中所述非白色颜料为黑色和/或包含铝。
28.根据权利要求21至23中的任一项所述的组合物,其中所述聚合物树脂为多种反应性单体、低聚体,或其混合物形式,所述反应性单体、低聚体,或其混合物彼此反应从而形成聚合物。
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- 2011-12-02 BR BR112013013243-4A patent/BR112013013243B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2011-12-02 ES ES11797093T patent/ES2730948T3/es active Active
- 2011-12-02 EP EP11797093.9A patent/EP2646637B1/en active Active
- 2011-12-02 US US13/991,293 patent/US20140335329A1/en not_active Abandoned
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- 2011-12-02 KR KR1020137016865A patent/KR102015145B1/ko active IP Right Grant
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AU2011336403A1 (en) | 2013-06-20 |
AU2011336403B2 (en) | 2016-05-05 |
CN103282593A (zh) | 2013-09-04 |
WO2012075369A1 (en) | 2012-06-07 |
EP2646637B1 (en) | 2019-05-08 |
US20140335329A1 (en) | 2014-11-13 |
ES2730948T3 (es) | 2019-11-13 |
MX362711B (es) | 2019-02-05 |
AU2011336403A8 (en) | 2013-07-18 |
MX2013006135A (es) | 2013-10-25 |
EP2646637A1 (en) | 2013-10-09 |
CL2013001559A1 (es) | 2013-12-13 |
BR112013013243B1 (pt) | 2020-09-24 |
CA2821869C (en) | 2020-07-28 |
CA3076573A1 (en) | 2012-06-07 |
US20190350399A1 (en) | 2019-11-21 |
US12049071B2 (en) | 2024-07-30 |
KR20140022782A (ko) | 2014-02-25 |
KR102015145B1 (ko) | 2019-08-27 |
BR112013013243A2 (pt) | 2017-08-01 |
CA2821869A1 (en) | 2012-06-07 |
CA3076573C (en) | 2022-07-26 |
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